Edward VI: June 1548

235. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [ June 3. 1548.]

Through a quarrel at dice between two gentlemen, Captain Cholmeley of the light horse, and Lambert a man at arms: whereon the latter on long and great provocation by Cholmeley, at last agreed to fight outside the town, bringing only one man each—but a number of Cholmeley's men followed, and he with 2 or 3 attacked Lambert, driving him to a wall. Lambert then saying, 'What meane you sirs, will you murder me? Cholmeley, thou hast not kept promys with me!' and seeing himself hard set, "threwe a foyne" at the right side of Cholmeley, who is dead, though surgery might have helped him; which we lack much. I have taken Lambert and after inquest by a jury, shall report. Haddington. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

1½ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

236. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 4. 1548.]

We have been chiefly employed fortifying, victualling, &c. As George Douglas all the time "foded me forthe" with fair words and delays, I took a like course, showing no enmity, but hoping his conversion, to breed trust in him till I got hold of him. So spying my time, I resolved both to burn the country 3 miles round Edinburgh, and entrap him at Dalkeith: and on Sunday night the 3^d, I sent out the Lord Warden with the light horse, Gamboa with 70 of his mounted hackbutters, the men at arms, &c. to burn—and to Dalkeith, M^r Wilford and M^r Windham with 600 foot, 100 horse, and some pioneers: so secretly that the lord warden was at Leith water before "escryed," and Wilford at Dalkeith "before George had knowledge." The horse passing to enclose the house, was his first alarm, whereon he and his force attacked us before the castle, but were driven back "at the pointe of the pyke," some slain, and the rest flying in by a postern, shut some out, whom we killed in the dikes. George meanwhile conveyed himself away, how I know not. Our men beat the loops with their hacbuts, won the base court and began to undermine. The garrison's offer to give up, and depart with bag and baggage, being refused, they seeing the wall undermined, surrendered the house. And we have taken the Master of Morton, George's son, the Abbot of Arbroath, Angus's bastard son, the laird of Wetherburne, Alexander Hume, divers Douglases, 2 Carrs, in all 40, with George Douglas's wife, all here. About 40 were slain in the town, and such a quantity of stuff taken there and in the castle, as has not been seen in one place, all the country having brought their goods for safety, and all has been given to the soldiers who manfully won it. The Lord Warden did his work nobly, burning 15 mills, and all the country from 3 miles west of Edinburgh to Muskilborough water, took many beasts and prisoners, and in spite of the Scots and Frenchmen, got to Dalkeith without loss before the house was given up, and is here again safe. I wholly give myself to the fortifying, much hindered by other business and the weariness of the soldiers, but now with these fresh men we shall get on, employing the rest to fetch faggots and rods from the wood, and I hope soon to leave it in good estate. Before the enterprise, Angus being at Temtallon, made signification as though he would agree with England, without his brother, if the latter held out. And I showed him much affection, yet not letting my purpose, and to try him, wrote the letter the copy whereof I send.

The French are looked for at Leith about the 20^th instant, and intend also to make some show in the west seas to draw us that way. Their letters speak of 20 ensigns of foot. Their purpose is to attack Broughty, which they think clean shut out from succour, and intend some treason against M^r Luttrell, whereof I have warned him. I have while writing, received yours of 30^th May and shall perform all points. Haddington. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

The only man killed at Dalkeith was Forman appointed surveyor of works here.

Tiberio, as he doth always, showed himself a valiant soldier in the enterprise.

3½ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

Inclosed in the same:—

(Grey to Angus.)

Considering your lordship as a friend of the King, minding this night to destroy some places which might serve the Frenchmen on their coming, I thought good to advertise you not to be moved therewith, but to consider that in annoying the enemy, men must sometimes touch their friends and waste their possessions. So if any of yours are touched in these affairs, ye must take it done of necessity, but you and yours shall be spared as much as I can, and if damaged, I promise sufficient recompense if ye stand friendly to the godly purpose, as I trust ye will.

½ p. Copy by Grey's clerk.

237. News out of Scotland. [June 4. 1548. Harl. MSS., 289, fol. 33.]

Lord Graye has taken the castle of Balcote [Dalkeith?] within 4 miles of Edinburgh and burned the town: also burned Newbolton [Newbottel] and spoiled the abbey: also burned and spoiled 2 miles about Edinburgh, and destroyed 37 mills in 3 miles compass.

He took 4000 head of cattle, "thErle of Balcote his wyffe, his mother, and the sonne and heyre of George Doglas." Also "thErle of Meffon."

"The lord Arloff, the lord Waterborogh and ij gentylmen and 3000l. money in the same castell, and every sodyer had 40s. in reward."

The Scots taken by M^r Wylford, &c. in the "castell of Aborogh— the lord of Wethingborogh and his wyffe: the Abbote of Alborogh, thErle of Angwishe sonne and heyre, M^r Mortons sonne, Sir George Duglas wyffe, Alexaunder Hume, James Doglas of Angwishe, 2000 hed of nete, and 3000 shepe."

½ p. Contemporary hand. Indorsed: "Newes out of Skotlande the 4 of June."

238. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 7.]

I hear from Edinburgh that the Governor is so grieved at the spoil and devasting of Dalkeith, "passyoned" by his unadvised rendering of Dunbarton to the Queen, "tormented" at his son's delivery to France, his estimation abated, his vain expectation at an end, the French aid so slow, some say gone back, that he has thrown himself into a sharp sickness and lies at the point of death. The Queen likewise is ill content with the French delay. As I looked this day at the men in the town ditch, they threw up with their spades the enclosed pieces of coin, one whereof I pray your grace to present unto the King as from his poorest soldier, most wanting in what he presents—the other it may please your grace to receive as from a man who has no plenty nor store, but for the strangeness of the coin.

Among the prisoners at Dalkeith I hear there is one Archibald Douglas of Glambarvy of the west parts of Scotland, therefore here not so well known, and one of the chiefest of that surname, except the Earl of Angus. Our scarcity of horse meat is so great that the horses die, and I fear we shall have to return to recover the feeble. Haddington. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

Postscript: On the 4^th arrived here Sir John Doone with 200 men, Sir Robert Worsely with 100, and M^r Thornebrough sent 100.

2 pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

239. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 8.]

As commanded, I have sent up the Master of Ruthven with the bearer my man, whom I have instructed "to serche his devocion" by the way, and report to your grace. His towardness I assure your grace hath not been in "franke wordes" only, but is "so addict" to the King, that to appearance the better has not been hitherto known here. He specially requested if any service were to be done, he might be called upon: and was at Yester with his servants "in there jackes and red skarffes," and also ready here (if I had ordered) to have gone to Dalkeith. He has told me that by his father's means S^t Johnstons shall be delivered to your grace, wherein if you dealt with him, it may take better effect. Finding Angus willing to come "to some poynt and have an ende," if we could win him assuredly we might do what we would with the Scots, I beg your grace's directions as to dealing with him. I will as soon as I can conveniently, send the French and Scots taken at Yester to York, but as they are mine, I thought to have placed them among my friends, except such as your grace would have with you. Your grace last winter had resolved to send 2 or 3 preachers of this country "borne," but they were then unwilling to risk their bodies: they need fear nothing now, and if sent to this town, would be well received, and win many to your purpose.

We have also great need of a "phisition" to cure the body, some of us being touched with sickness, and I earnestly sue for such, the rather as I am not able of my own means to entertain one for my self and family, as I would indeed do.

I have staid here as long as I can, and must "of force" depart on Monday next. Our horse meat is so scarce and bad, that the horses die daily, but I trust before going, to leave the town strong and well furnished.

Having forgotten in advertising of Dalkeith, to commend the service of Newton "the Skott that wan the combatt"; as the same was notable, I should do him much wrong to leave it unknown. "He showed himselfe both on horseback and foote a very ennemye to his countrey, as busye to there dystruccion and as forwarde to serve on our parte, as any man myght be."Haddington. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

Postscript: I trust your grace will consider the bearer's charges, or refer it to my discretion.

4½ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

240. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 9. 1548.]

As we left Muskulborough unburnt when Dalkeith was taken, I sent thither Francis Aslaby on the 7^th, who burned the town and mills, and all the fisher villages near the sea, leaving untouched only the church upon the hill, driving also many beasts, to the utter ruin of that country. It chanced the [laird of Ormi (fn. 1) ] ston suffered heavily, which the more patiently he takes, the more worthy he is of recompense. I must sue your grace for him, also for Hugh Douglas's great loss in corn, and for the laird of Colston, whose wood we daily spoil. That same night I laid ambush for Angus, who had been taken but for his going by sea from Temtallon to Edinburgh; but some of his servants and horse fell into our hands. His purpose as he sent me word, is to consult his friends as to leaving the Queen and the French: and as he sent for it, I have given him safe conduct to commune, so I see he is no further off for anything we have done. I have dismissed George Douglas's wife, who has promised to bring over her husband. He is now the most desperate man in the world, and laments his mischance. I have sent the chief prisoners to England except the Master of Morton, who was hurt. One of these Douglases called the Lord of Glynbarvey, is counted chief of that name, and most esteemed by the Earl, as being ruler of a whole country, he brings him always many men. I have forced myself to stay still here, seeing how our enterprises "abashe" Scotland, and the goodwill in all the gentlemen to serve; for twice a day we go to the wood with horse, foot, and carriage, bringing in daily 4000 or 5000 faggots, a marvellous help to raising the mounts in the bulwarkes, and a precedent for the Captain after our departure, as well for fortification as "for his fewell." I purpose in these 4 days to leave for England. I find much service and fidelity in Brymston and Ormistoun, for being made privy to George Douglas's matter, they kept it secret and wrought so, that but for mischance he had undoubtedly been taken. He escaped with one man by a secret way. Haddington. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

Postscript: The garrison men when they get a cow, horse, or the like, depart without regard of service, and played this part at Musselborough, leaving their captains to abide the enemy, who pursued them with 150 horse—while their men drove the beasts by strange ways to Berwick, &c. They have neither honesty nor fear of punishment, although 2 or 3 have already suffered. So I beseech your grace to remove them and suffer me to levy Yorkshire men in their place; for pillage is their only service, and if we trust them, we shall one day rue it.

2 pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

241. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 11. 1548.]

As promised I report our state to your grace—the garrison as in the enclosed schedule—victuals for 6 months as in another, artillery and munition to . . . (fn. 1) great store of coal, "hather and roddes for maundes." The forces are paid to the 12^th instant. After disbursing 600l. for corn, &c. I have left here 2500l.

I have placed the officers and given them charge as your grace appointed. The fortifications I refer wholly to Sir Thomas Palmer, who will satisfy your grace better than I can in writing, and has laboured so therein, that without him it could not have been in such forwardness.

I have devised with the gentlemen of Lothian thus—to the 150 horse that Ormestoun, Brunston and Hugh Douglas have, I have added 12 to lie at the lord of Spot's house to scour and keep Dunbar occupied—that 16 horse watch nightly near Musselburgh, to give alarm of attack from Edinburgh—if the French come in strength, then they to take their goods, cattle, &c. into Tevydale and the Merse, and if still pressed by the Governor's force, then to retire to England. I have written to the lairds of Cesford, Ferniherst, Cowdenknowes, Houndilie and Mark Carre, to meet me at Berwick on Wednesday to confer with Ormestoun, Brunston, Treyborne, Ledington and Whitingeam, summoned there for the purpose. The King's town of Haddington. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

2½ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

242. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 12.]

Departing from Haddington early this morning, I saw Dunbar town "burne hansomly" as I had ordered, and coming nearer, I descried the French fleet, near hand 120 sail, whereof 16 galleys, a brigantine, a "foyste" and three great ships of 300 and 240 [tons?] the rest but small. They cast anchor off Dunbar, tarrying for the tide. While there, I received your grace's letters of the 7^th touching Earl Bothwell with a postscript of the readiness of the said navy at "Newhavon" and how they passed the narrow seas. M^r Hilton tells me they took 3 ships laden with coal and "grynstones," and burned 2 others that ran ashore between Sunderland and Tynemouth.

I intend to follow your commands for this town, "the Hand" &c., and send Sir Thomas Palmer with speed to your grace: and lacking assisance "in this busy world" I would it might please you to appoint some discreet persons to advise with and ease me of travail. For your grace's orders as to the bishopric and other horsemen mustering here for service, they have been so spent that it is impossible before a month's rest at least. I shall return Sir Thomas Holcroft's whole band to Haddington, for they are not only good soldiers, but painful workmen—though this varies somewhat from your order—and I beseech you allow it for the necessity, and credit M^r Palmer therein. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

The French navy seem to be bending towards Leith.

2¼ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

243. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 12. 1548.]

Having this instant despatched Sir Tnomas Palmer to his grace, beseeches his full resolution on all points with speed. Holy Island. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

¼ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

244. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 14.]

I have sent with the bearer Stephen Plasted my servant, the French captain that was in Yester, also Newton the Scotsman that slew Hamilton. The rest of the gentlemen I have sent to the Archbishop to be kept at York, saving the Master of Morton, who is sore hurt on his thigh, and remains with his other brother in the castle here. Beseeching your grace that as my prisoners, they be not released without contentation of their ransoms to me. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

245. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 15.]

The French fleet still lying off Dunbar, one gentleman with 60 men landed at North Berwick, whereon Knyfton, Francis Aslaby and Pellam, entered the town on them. With all speed, they made for their boats, but the gentleman and 10 others were slain or drowned. M^r Wilford reports that many light horsemen have run away from Haddington. I search for, and mind some shall suffer, but beseech your grace as before, to appoint us others, for these men only look for pillage. I have 100 more men from Lord Shrewsbury and will send them to Haddington. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

1¾ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

246. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 16.]

Sending him Lewes and Chapman 2 of the new men at arms, who from their small pay can in no wise furnish themselves, as a deputation on behalf of the whole body, for his help. Signed: Wyllyam Gray.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed.

247. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 16.]

I hear by my spy in Edinburgh, that since the French fleet came into the "Frythe, lytle above Dunbar," where they lie still, Monsieur Dessee their chief captain, landed at Leith, had a long communing at Edinburgh with the Queen accompanied by the Bishops of Paisley [Paselo] and Dunkeld, and returned on board. After a day and night, he again consulted at Edinburgh with the Queen and Governor very secretly, yet most say they mind rather to invade us, than to attempt getting again what they have lost. I can hear of no Scots rising to help them, or any stir, except the Scots garrison removed to Muskelborough to make room for the French in Edinburgh. Their whole force is not past 10,000, of whom 2000 are French, the rest Almaynes and Swyses, 400 great horse and 200 light horse. They are victualled for little more than a month, and already fear want. They have advanced 400 crowns to a Fife man to victual them.

The Earl of Angus and his brother sued the Larde of Elvestone, accusing him as the cause of the loss and destroying George's goods, but on trial, the judgment being given in Elvestone's favour, they live "clene discomforted," doubting which way to take, but seeming "more to bende to our parte, then to thother." But being fully warned of their falseness, I count little of their promises, and think them but dissimulation for some advantage. I shall write as oft as I can of their proceedings.

I beseech your grace's resolution on the articles Sir Thomas Palmer is instructed with, and that we be not "letted" for want of men or money. I sent this day to Haddington the 200 men that came from my lord of Shrewsbury, who merits great thanks for such a band of "tall personages," not one unable man among them; and with them I sent 3 mills, 1 last more of serpentine powder, 60 hackbuts, ½ a ton of iron, 200 lb. of matches, 4 dozen "sycles," 1 dozen "sythes," and all the "pyke axes and fylling (fn. 1) axes" we had, and have none left. As by your grace's order I left only 10 men at Warke, I thought good to remember you of the ordnance there, and in case of invasion, it were better to appoint more men there. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

Postscript: I hear the galleys are presently departed to besiege Borthie.

3 pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

248. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 17.]

I hear that 8 of the galleys went on Thursday to Borthe Crag, hoping Fife and Angus would have risen to help them—but are returned to Leith. It is rather thought they intend attacking this town than any in Scotland. The General and many of their captains were in Edinburgh and returned to their ships. He is not yet certainly bent to discharge at Leith or elsewhere. This news is from the Lady of Fast [Faulst] castle, one of the 4 appointed to attend upon the young Queen. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

Postscript: By your grace's letters of 13^th instant, I find you think I should have done my last exploits somewhat longer before the French came. If Fortune had favoured, it might have been so, but "Fortune so hateth me after his accustumed maner, that as he trayneth me oon foote forward, he draweth me back twayne." Knowing that one day's labour in such exploit, hinders three on the fortification, I forbore the one to advance the other, and did the best I could, as I thought.

Having conferred with M^r John the engineer we think it meet to finish some things heretofore begun, as your grace will see by a plat to be sent: but if you approve not, shall conform myself.

1¾ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

249. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 18. 1548.]

Gamboa having mustered 100 mounted hackbutters, will not be content with less pay for them than 8 "dukates" a month, and claims your grace's promise of an "overplus" for 22 gentlemen. Being very importunate and troublesome therein, I granted for the past 100 crowns a month, if your grace please. Besides he claims your promise for his old pay while master of the camp, declaring his now heavy charges; and to satisfy him, I gave him 100l. in prest, considering our want of men and his good service. Awaiting your grace's further pleasure. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

¾ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

250. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 18.]

I hear this morning that on Saturday last the 16^th the greatest part of the French navy landed at Leith. By their own report they are 23 "enseignes" or 10,000 men. Their horsemen if any, I do not yet know. The Governor will deliver up Edinburgh and Dunbar, and has sent orders to the Captain of the latter to make ready, but he demands first the arrears long due to him and his men. The Scots muster on the 25^th instant at Edinburgh to attack Haddington, and have sent to Fife and Angus for carriage horses and oxen, scantly to be had there. I have written to Lord Wharton for aid, who replies he will make ready 700 foot, "very symple" soldiers, I hear, but says nothing of horse. As ours are sore travelled, and his are fresh, I beseech your grace to send your pleasure to him, and name the captains, viz., young Wharton his son, and Thomas Dacres with their bands. I shall make ready the Bishopric horsemen, according to your grace's last letter, and do the best I can with the garrison men and country men, though their service is only to rob and spoil. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

2 pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

251. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 19.]

I have received your grace's letters of the 15^th instant, answering mine of the 11^th and 12^th, wherein you marvel not a little at my report of our horse, who except for 2 rodes to Yester and Dalkeith, have had a long rest. Your grace may please consider they were never at rest, but ever travelling—what with convoys from here to Haddington twice or thrice weekly—nightly scouting—sending to the country for carriages—bringing victuals from Aberlady, biscuits and faggots on horseback—and many other occasions that you know happen in war—besides their evil fare for long. So that there be as many dead as 1000l. will not supply!

I thank your grace for Sir Thomas Palmer's return and Lord Dacres' coming, whose advice as my near kinsman I shall have. But would have been much bounden for "some lusty" young gentleman, as my lord of Huntington, my lord John Grey, or the like, who might gain experience here, and ease me of continual "drawing in the plough."Lord Dacres' men being marchmen, are no better than these others—"so as nether barrell better herring." I beseech your grace he may bring his number from other countries—for with my experience I cannot trust this countrymen. And your grace only replies to my divers letters, by advice for extreme and sharper punishment, "which doth nothing at all help amendment"; and therefore must pardon my often repeating it, and relieve it, or we shall one day smart for it.

Not being skilful in converting Scottish bolls to London measure, I ordered Donne to reckon the victuals at Haddington, and find he has erred in the book I sent to your grace. For the Scots tell me their boll of malt contains 5 London bushels, and the boll of wheat 4½ London bushels. So I have sent an amended book of these in quarters, and another of what passed by sea under M^r Stonehouse's hand, and would have sent more that way, but for your grace's "discommending" it—though with so few men the work could not have been otherwise done so soon. A great deal of corn was to be received from the Lairds of Bass, Waughton, &c., and the markets have so served, that they need not touch their store. They have since "set in" 800 head of nolt, 1000 sheep, and bought 38 bullocks; so that in my own and associates' opinion, for the number, 2500 appointed by your grace, it is one of the King's best victualled "peces."

This instant I have received the following as to the captains and numbers of the "nacions" of the enemy. They are not all landed, but have promised the Queen to set overland 12,000 men, leaving as many more to keep the ships. Also 1200 men at arms barbed, and 800 light horse. Nothing will be determined till the Council meet, which was to be on Sunday last. Monsieur Dessé [Dasey] lieutenant general, Peter Strozzi [Strose] captain of the galleys, and his brother, and 4 of the order of "S^t. Johns cote"—the Landgrave captain of the "lancequenettes"—the Great master of France's nephew—3000 French men hacbutters, 1500 "lancequenettes," 3000 Italians and Spaniards. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

3 pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

252. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 19.]

At his own request I commend the bearer Mathew Kempe to your grace, who has been ever forward in service, and of such sobriety and tractableness for the conservation of the Spaniards in good order, that I cannot refuse him. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

253. Brende to Palmer. [June 20. 1548.]

What should I write to you but of Haddington, knowing it is "contynually in your hedde." Since your departure, the church is "in maner" down, and the houses, the walls and trees. They have made "vamures" round about, cleared their dikes, closed in the Friars— are raising Windam's bulwark, with platforms like the other, and planted 5 pieces. They are now "rydding" the houses to clear the curtain by the waterside, have mured up the great gate and closed the entry to the Friars. The captain cannot make the soldiers work harder. The enemy cannot annoy them these 8 days wherein they shall do wonders. We are also fortifying here, which I think you will not mislike at coming. Your man is come from Edinburgh, and mine is gone thither. Berwick. Signed: John Brende.

¾ p. Addressed: "To . . . Sir Thomas Palmer knight at the Court." Indorsed.

254. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 20. 1548.]

Hearing that the enemy though they bruit to assail Haddington, will attack our weakest place, I have sent to Lord Wharton for Baker and his bands, meaning to lay them at Hume, to succour Lawther or Roxburgh as needed.

Instead of 8 galleys going to Borthe cragg, and their short return, as I wrote, I now hear by one that came thence, that there were 18, and that they and the old "peece" shot at each other, and could not reach by a great distance; but the new fort shot so near them, and they "worse able to reche it then tholde forte," that they gave up and departed. I think for want of better, to lay the Bishopric horse with some of ours, to keep Tevydale and the Merse from joining the Governor's power, as long as may be, or at least intercept their victuals. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

1¼ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

255. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 20.]

Sending the bearer James Ramsay "a nigh kynnesman" to Hugh Douglas of Longniddry, sore diseased with the stone, for remedy thereof at London, he being indifferent whether to go to France or London, and Grey thinking the latter best. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

⅓ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

256. Luttrell to Somerset. [June 20. 1548.]

On Thursday last 16 galleys and a brigantine, guided by a little Scottish boat, cast anchor as near the Fife side as they might ride. As our shot, both castle and fort, could reach the "patronnes" galley and I thought they were enemies, I gave them the first "salve" which they liked so ill that they loosed ... (fn. 1) not one that came half [way (fn. 1) ] to us. The current is so swift here, that galleys can only lie near "thayedes" on each side, and then not bend their "prowe" to this castle, without being flanked by the fort. They can only close the river to victuallers, but we are well provided, yet must husband our drink, having good water.

I humbly desire your grace for one of the Frenchmen taken in Yester castle, to recover an honest man under me, . . . (fn. 1) to Dundee the day before the [galleys came (fn. 1) ], forgot the lieutenant's assurance and hurt one of my men. And the laird of Kinfauns [Kynfans] being there with 16 horse, took 3 of my men, one called "Huccyns" of the ordinary "tamboryns," and right good service, whom the Queen has sent for to put him in the galleys, minding to do the like to all prisoners here. My neighbours and I are fallen out, and no day passes without 5 or 600 horse and the country foot about, attend on me—but I have offered them such play, they keep a mile off, for in one day's skirmish 15 of them were slain. We have turfed the east curtain and front of the northeast bulwark so high, that they must bring ladders, for it passes climbing. I have platformed the castle, fair towards the water, and vamured it with fair loops 6 foot thick. I took 2 ploughs of oxen and 18 horses in the country, with which we carry turf, &c. I dare not plainly advertise your grace of the good will hereabouts, for the messenger is a "Flemyng"... (fn. 1) I have found another Scotsman here, the King's servant, who has 50l. pension, a very honest man. He has lent me in cloth for the men, and money for the works, above 70l. The new fort at Borthe. Signed: John Luttrell.

The galleys' sudden going has left a sorrowful country, for they hoped I should be removed—but I trust to be your grace's instrument to revenge their hidden malice.

2¼ pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed. Damaged.

257. Grey Of Wilton To Somerset. [June 23. 1548.]

Sir Oswald Wylstropp and Christofer Ellerkar who left this on Thursday afternoon with a convoy for Haddington, were espied at the "Nonry" at 4 or 5 o'clock yesterday morning, by the Bishop of Dunkeld and Monsieur Chapell with a good number of French riding to Dunbar to deliver the house. Chapell made forward to cut them off from the town, but retired on some foot issuing to their assistance, and our men put them to flight. Little damage was done except Chapelle's horse slain, the Lord of Blakader's sore hurt and one of their men slain. The same day the Bishop discharged the old captain and put in the Frenchmen, no Scotsman being left in the castle. This morning on their return with not less than 400 or 500 horse, our horse issued not above 80, and put them to flight again, keeping the field. A brave Frenchman shot Christofer Ellerkar in the throat with a "dag," (fn. 1); mortally, it is thought—who thus wounded, ran at him and thrust him under the harness with his staff and slew him. The French took him away on a horse, I hear that he is one of the chiefest. There is missing on their part, John Hambleton who had a great blow on his head, and Rynyon Crynston, whether taken or slain I know not, for a Scotsman reported it, confirmed by one of Ellerkar's men, come to declare that 40 of his convoy have deserted, being countrymen, whose shameful service your grace now seeing, may provide remedy; for though I have heretofore done execution terrible enough to honest hearts, and such as I have been sorry to do, and mean to do sharper as your grace calls for—yet I doubt amendment, their "natures is so evell." The French I hear "are just" 145 sail, 20 galleys and a foyst, and were not all landed last Wednesday. After their musters, I shall learn the number both horse and foot, as yet unknown.

The Scots think to muster at Edinburgh on Monday, and on Thursday or Friday to come to Haddington. I enclose a letter from Sir John Luttrell showing the good state of Borthy Crag. The Barque Ancher is arrived at Newcastle, and your grace will please signify whether M^r Wyndham shall go to sea, or serve on land, and what the other ships shall do? The church of Haddington is overthrown, and everything in good forwardness for the enemy, on whom they hope to win much honour. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

3 pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

258. Grey Of Wilton To Somerset. [June 25.]

In answer to your grace's resolution of 20^th instant on certain articles:—

(1) The Barke Anchier arrived at Newcastle on the 18^th without the pickaxes signified by your grace—and to prepare them there (as on our last journey) will take long time.

(2) Though your grace will send money without fail by the last of this month, I must remember the same that we are 8 months unpaid, greatly hindering service, especially the horsemen.

(3) I have punished the borderers sharply, yet no amendment follows.

(4) I have already sent for Baker, as the enemy make such countenance hither—but shall support the West if they are attacked.

(5) Berwick is in so good form as the platt herewith will show, that I stay not Sir Thomas Palmer's coming, for the French bruit they will assail it, and have "aforehand" disposed the keeping of Norham, which I trust they shall not have reason to presume winning so easily. "The Hande" shall be fortified and Master John has been there.

(6) Wheels and stocks for cannons cannot be so quickly made here, and time is like to overtake us ere half wrought.

I have spread in "grete wordes a noyse of" our ships coming, and trust your grace will advance it no less "in deedes"; and beg your orders for M^r Windham and the ships here, rigged and ready, wanting only victuals and mariners.

I know the "straytes" beside Norham where the French were repulsed, and will take advantage as shall seem expedient: but till we have more force we can do nothing. I would you sent us "barbes," they make double strength, give hardiness, and dread to the enemy.

Sandy Pringle and Giralde Selbye desire two chantries which your grace's general licence to reward them, does not warrant my giving.

I thank your grace for Andrea and Phillip Pyni, handsome men of service, and pray their dispatch. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

Postscript: Though I have often required Sir John Luttrell either to pay his discharged soldiers and labourers, or send me what is due them; yet here are 30 or 40 poor sick labourers come, who say they have not had one penny since I sent them there, but bring no passports &c. of their due, and I have had to give them some relief. Beseeching your grace to write to him, not as though I complained, but wish things done in order for the King's service.

4¼ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

259. Grey Of Wilton To Somerset. [June 26.]

I hear the French have this day set forward with their ordnance 3 miles towards Haddington, the Scots not yet assembled in any number. I have devised a letter to the Captain of Haddington (a copy whereof is herewith sent to your grace) telling him of a great support by land and sea, the messenger, unawares to himself, to be intercepted by the way, which may stay them and win time for us. But I trust with the horsemen to annoy their camp, and while loath to find more fault with this countrymen, with whom I must serve, I daily find such diligence and courage in my lord Warden and M^r Holcroft, that while I mislike the men, I rejoice in their leaders, and trust we shall all do what is possible to dismay the enemy.

On the 22^d your grace wrote, Lord Shrewsbury was to send 200 demilances and 300 light horse, and on 23^d that 1000 horse were to arrive from him, to be trained by some expert soldier. I shall do what I can, and for more aid beseech your grace to send me your servant John Appowell, and their certain number. Baker is come from the West March, and I have also sent for the substance of the horsemen, under the leading of my lord Wharton's son, and Sir Thomas Dacres; as well as the bishopric horsemen. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

2¼ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

Inclosed in the same:—

(Grey to Wilford.)

Warning him that the French intend to beseige him: that a great English navy is preparing, and the enemy once encamped, will burn their fleet and stores at their backs—Courtpenny and a great band of Almaines are ready in Calais, also the pensioners, King's men at arms and 4000 other horse, drawing this way. Andreas an "Albenoyes," and Philipp Pini an Italian, are on this side London with their bands, and will not be long absent. Lord Shrewsbury, Lord Dacres, &c. are marching hither 16,000 strong. Trusting the French will get what they seek.

2 pp. Copy by Grey's clerk.

260. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 26. 1548.]

I am assured the French march for Haddington, the Scots in rear and intend to make "severall" camps and batteries. If I had horsemen I could disturb them, but Lord Wharton has sent none. The Bishop of Durham and Earl of Westmerland promise some, but not so many as they could wish: and the Earl requests his tenants may be spared. Many of the garrison horses are dead, and for want of pay, the men cannot furnish themselves. The rest of the country keep no geldings, and have been so long defended by the garrison, that they think of no wars.

This I say, not refusing to serve, but that your grace may see in what case I stand. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

1¼ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

261. Lennox to Somerset. [June 27.]

This Wednesday 27^th, my wife received by a gentleman of the Earl of Angus's, David Stewart, 2 letters, one from the Earl, the other from his brother George, which I send herewith. Stewart, in the Earl and his brother's behalf, has desired my wife and me to sue your grace for our having the custody of the gentlemen named in their letters, and if not all of them, at least of the Master of Morton and the laird of Glenbervy, which last the Earl esteems more than his own bastard son George, and all the rest. And I see George his brother is more "carefull" for his own younger son the Master of Morton, than for his elder son, delivered as hostage—for he desires the Master shall not be prisoner for ransom nor yet for exchange of any prisoner that is in Scotland. The Earl and his brother might better have addressed others "then other my wyffe or I," for we have had no benefit at either of their hands: so I rather desire your grace to "kepe faste when you have them" as always my poor opinion has been. But if it please you I have in keeping the Master and the laird, I shall answer to your grace for their surety. For I would be very glad to prove what fruit might follow on the fair words of the Earl and his brother, which are these, as the bringer declared by word of mouth—"That if I myght obteyne leyve of your grace to have the kepyng of the pryncypall of these gentellmen wiche they be suters for, that at suche tyme as I wolde repayre towardes Carleisley, I shuld then well perceyve the frendshipps and goode wyll of the said Erle and hys brother towardes the Kynges Majestie his affayers, in suche sorte as they dowte nott butt shulde be to your graces contentacion, and allso to my advancement and recovery of that wiche I have loste in Scotlande."

Whatever your grace commands me herein, and all other things, I shall be ready to accomplish to my power: and as I am shortly to repair to Carlisle, I shall be glad to know your pleasure in the premisses. Templehurst. Signed: Mathew Lewenax.

My wife desires her humble recommendations, and saith that she will make answer "nether to father nor uncle" till she know your grace's pleasure.

2½ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

Inclosed in the same:—

(Angus to his daughter.)

"Derrest dochter"... through mischance and "under traist, as I beleve, the house of Dalkeith was destroyed, and taken out of it our cousin the laird of Glenbervy, the Master of Mortoun, George my son, David Home of Wedderburn, and Alexander Home his 'eme.'" (fn. 1) Praying you with your husband's advice, to see if ye can get them or part of them put in friends' hands and gently treated; specially Glenbervy "that is ane seikly tender man and has ix motherles bairnis."Let George lie in pledge for him as your wisdom thinks best. Make my hearty commendation to my lord your husband, and give credence to the bearer my servitor David Stewart as to myself. Edinburgh. Signed: Ar^d. Erl of Angus.

½ p. Addressed: "To my derrest douchter the Countes of Levenax."

262. Memorial for Thomas Fisher. [June 27. 1548.]

"A memoriall for Thomas Fisher appointed to repare with all diligens into the northe to my lord of Shrowesburye and my lord Graye &c.; who takeng with him lettres of credence for that purpose, shall for his credit declare as ensuethe":—

[Extracts.]

First—the 3000 foot from Lord Shrewsbury's rule, to be stayed if possible before they reach Newcastle.

Considerations:—Saving coats and conduct money and victuals—the "Almaynes" coming—and horse chiefly required for this service. But if too far forward, then to join the forces.

To forbear the "proclamacion," lest the French and the Governor give strait order to "take none at all": yet let it be secretly known to Ormistoun and Brunston, that their doings are well taken.

To cause the Mayor of Newcastle to make provision &c., for "my lordes grace," who you think will soon be there: and tell Ormeston, Bromston, and Forest, that his grace minds to be there about 10^th or 12^th August—declaring it also to Lords Shrewsbury and Grey, and Brend, that they may say at table or other fit place, they are glad of it, as he brings 4000 horse with him.

Sir Richard Manners to be warden of the East and Middle Marches in Sir Robert Bowes' absence.

To see as to victualling Haddington with cattle &c. from Berwick.

To declare to the posts their neglect, and to Lords Shrewsbury and Grey not to write "For lief," except on occasion—in other cases "With diligence" only—for the former causes them to make "nothing the more haist."

That they set forth the ships well manned with all haste, with the surveyor of Calais and Master John the engineer to consider "the Brent Ilaunde," and Sir Richard Lee to see all things, tools &c., ready to fortify on arrival.

That Lord Clynton "distres" if he can, all vessels at the entry of "the Frithe" or Aberlady; and if the French retire "within Inchegarven," leave some of his ships to intercept victuals to Aberlady or Dunbar.

To warn M^r Luttrell by a small vessel of their arrival, and cause Stonehouse to furnish him, while the navy is there.

If the French still hold siege to Haddington and send their ships above Inchgarven, Lord Clynton shall burn and "divast" the country as he can, to raise the siege, and send news by his "pynnas."

That Stonehouse see with care to the victualling of the navy: and in delivering victuals by land, always take the captains' receipt, for settlement at the soldiers' pay, and send the treasurer his book monthly.

To declare approval of their encamping at the "Peese," for the reasons written formerly by Lord Grey, for their entrenching there as if to pass in force, may draw the enemy thither to attack them—while Carr of Warke or some other, with 100 or 200 light horse marching secretly by Lauder, may take powder into Haddington and make good their return as they best can—each of his men so engaged to receive a crown. "Mary! this devise must be kept very secrete," and imparted to none but Carr, and the powder only delivered at the point of departing, that the men know nothing.

If the French pay no attention to "your encamping at the Peese," then when the horse and Almaynes come, they and the foot may encamp in some strong place, 4 or 5 miles nearer Haddington, thus ready to succour it, and also besiege Dunbar—but do this only if they can be victualled.

To write in cipher to the Captain of Haddington that we "the Lord Protector" thank him for his wise and manlike doings, and while commending him for not hasarding battle, pray him "to draw out" the victuals the most he can to weary the enemy.

To give no credit to the French or Scottish "brutes" of their number, for we know surely the Scots pass not 3000: but you must have good espial not sparing charges, and make Ormistoun and Brunston practise therein by Scots; "and yf he shall give credit to Sym Pennango toching their nombres, they shall finde him a verie Scot!"

To declare the horse appointed to come: which we "esteme" at 600 demilances, whereof 40 or 50 "bardes," and 700 light horse.

To declare that there is a passage by a place called "Steinston," which you may learn by men of the country, and consider what may be done that way.

"The premisses hath been thought good here," and must be considered according to the country, and done as thought best.

Fisher from time to time to solicit doing what is thought meet, and advertise as he see occasion.

If Brend has concluded with the Lord Reven for delivery of S^t Johnston, as commissioned, Lord Clynton to receive Lord Reven to take the navy to said town, or defer it, as Reven thinks good; and if Brend has concluded with the "Master of Melphyn the lorde of Rethes [Raith's] sonne," on the practise with his friends in "the Fife," that Lord Clynton may be informed, and send us continual news by some small bark.

Also to declare to Lord Grey that there is a way between Linton bridge and the sea whereby the army may pass to Aberlady within 4 miles of Preston haven and 6 of Musselbrough, easy for victualling by sea.

In case my Lords Shrewsbury and Grey think fit, then to forbear entry of the foot, till the horse arrive.

9 pp. In Paget's writing. Indorsed: "Instructions given to M^r Fisher, xxvij June 1548."

263. Instructions to Thomas Fisher. [June 27.]

Directing him to repair with diligence to the King's town of Dundee, or his fort of Bourthy, in Scotland, and declare to Sir John Luttrell the good acceptation of his service "by us the Lord Protector," also communicating to him "this memorial" and other matter on the affairs of these parts, "as we have at more length opened to the said Fisher." Then both of them are to send for Lord Gray of Scotland, and after giving him the King's and the lord protector's thanks for his services, to present to him as a token from the King "a chayne of gold," and a pension of 1000 crowns, and from the Protector a gift of 300 crowns with his most hearty thanks.

The said Luttrell and Fisher, after these gifts, shall say, that they have a token from the King and letters from the lord Protector to the Earl of Argyll, and therefore desire Lord Gray to procure that both or at least one of them shall meet in secret with the Earl and himself, at which meeting they shall "delyvre the chayne" to the Earl from the King, and then propound such matters as were communed of before, and enter more fully into the same, and in consideration of his and lord Gray signing the articles contained in the Memorial, binding themselves to support his godly purpose against the Governor, the French, &c., to their uttermost power, to promise the Earl a pension from the King of 2000 crowns, as a beginning of his bounty.

As Huntly has offered himself plainly to the King's service against the Frenchmen, the Governor, and all other opposers, and will lay in hostages for performance of his promises, the Protector before sending him home to Scotland, thinks good to make Argyll and Gray privy thereto, empowering Luttrell and Fisher to demand their opinions, and whether they will join in service with Huntly, and how his service may be best employed?

And the country being better known to them than to Luttrell and Fisher, the latter on the lord Protector's behalf shall pray Argyll and Gray to advise what should be first attempted and by what means? Also what they think as to fortifying Dunkell, taking S^t Johnston, Arbroth or Mountrose, or fortifying the hill by S^t Johnston or breaking the bridge there?

18½ pp. Corrected draft. Indorsed: "Instruccions, M^r Fisher."

264. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 28. 1548.]

Being forced by poverty to seek some means to feed my household. I am a petitioner to your grace to move the King for the reversion of the manor and lordship of Stocketon in the county of Durham, after the decease of the Bishop, whereby I shall be better able to live and serve the King. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed.

265. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 28.]

By my last spy I hear the French are still at Edinburgh. It is a marvel they enterprise with so small a number, for but few Scots are yet assembled. Four galleys have gone "aboutes" Scotland to Dunbarton to meet a French fleet to take away the Queen; and the Governor is determined to depart Scotland. I think this not unlikely, but shall advertise further. Dunbar is the only castle yet in French possession.

We think the keeping of Haddington to be the winning of Scotland: and to encourage the garrison, I have this night sent thither by Gamboa's consent, 100 Spaniards, "electe" soldiers, under command of Pero Negro. The town is fully victualled for the garrison. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

Postscript: Here are come 150 light horse from the Bishopric, all except the captains "simple husbandmen," never horsemen before— riding on small mares only fit to bring them hither, which many will scarcely do. As they are not worth pay, I have made them lie at Norham as the custom is, 8 days without wages, and written to Lord Westmerland and the Bishop to send some gentlemen, younger brethren, and serving men, and will send the insufficient home. I am forced to remind your grace of our want of money, there has been no thorough pay for 8 months. If we had a "greater masse then thus from hand to mowth," we could husband it better to the King's profit.

I have wrought with the Master of Morton to practise with his father; as the copy of his letter enclosed will show your grace. When his father answers, I shall advertise.

3 pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

266. Palmer to Somerset. [June 29. 1548.]

I arrived here this morning at 6 o'clock, and have ordered 200 loads of stakes and rods to make maunds, also tools for the quarry. There are some hoys here that would serve well for stowage, and M^r Mayor has stayed them till he hears from your grace. I trust this night to be with my lord lieutenant and hear the state of affairs. I met many horse coming hither, and saw at the entry 20 demilances of Lord Shrewsbury's each able to have carried "a barbbe" in the field, and the men likely. The enemy has few horsemen, an advantage to us. Haddington I hear is not yet approached—they tarry their ordnance, which should disembark at Aberlady [Habbarlady]. It may turn to a view of the town and nothing else! I am sure I know the town as well as they shall do this 14 days, let them do their best, and if I can tell how to take any advantage of it, if I were the enemy, God never be good unto me! I mean by battery, and to win it by annoyance, it is more than I think hath been yet seen. I have undoubted hope your grace shall hear good account of it. Newcastle, this Friday at 9 a.m. Signed: Thom's Palmer.

3 pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

267. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 30. 1548.]

While 10 of the horsemen of Haddington lay in wait for the captain of Dunbar, they descried the young laird of Waughton with his band and standard, and charged them so "franckely" that they overthrew the standard, took the standard bearer, and put them to run away. I hear the Scots are resolved to contract the young Queen and the French King's son, and writings thereof are subscribed by Angus, George Douglas and divers noblemen. Hearing the captain had taken in at Haddington beyond what I left, 2000 sheep and 100 head of great cattle, I sent thither to increase his garrison, Petro Negroo with 100 Spaniards, but at 7 o'clock yesterday morning, seeing the town beset by the enemy, they thought it best to retire, and are again at Berwick. How to help them I see but small "redynes." Lord Dacre nor horse or foot yet arrived here, nor any from Lord Wharton, save Baker as already advertised, though I hasten them all.

The treasurer has been at York these 10 days to receive, and not yet returned.

The enemy planted 3 pieces of artillery on the cragg towards Aberlady, and firing on the town were driven off by the shot of Bowes' bulwark. There are not past 120 left of the 400 light horse I placed there—some fled to the west border, for whom I wrote to the warden—others keep among the assured Scots "as they war wilde or outlawes." John Carr drove some back, the laird of Langton took two, and Colbie a captain at Roxburgh, one, who shall suffer to-day or to-morrow, in example, but this will not recover them to better stay. Sir Thomas Palmer arrived here yesternight. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

2 pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

268. Grey of Wilton to Somerset. [June 30.]

Albeit I told your grace that Haddington was besieged, and the Spaniards could not enter, I hear certainly that the French camp is no nearer than Tranent [Trenent]. About 1 o'clock yesterday morning, the whole of the French horse, with some foot, alarmed them, coming so near the ditch, that many of their horses carried away arrows in them. And at break of day, both horse and foot came again very near the walls, the rest somewhat above on a hill, who were so welcomed with shot, that divers were left on the field, and many carried off "crosse their horsses," among them a French gentleman of estimation slain. About 7 o'clock they retired to their said camp, where they were still at 6 p.m. yesterday. So the Spaniards might well enough have got into the town. Berwick. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed.

269. Palmer to Somerset. [June 30. 1548.]

I arrived here yesternight, and to-day my lord lieutenant heard that Pedro Negro and his Spaniards, finding Haddington besieged yesterday, durst not enter, but returned. They planted 3 pieces at the cragg under the high hill where I showed your grace there was some little covert, but our bulwark on that side with the 7 brass pieces, beat them so hotly into covert, that I think they will not show thence again till they get maunds made.

"The Haddyngtons hathe doon ondres in thier fortefycacions," nothing left unperfected. So as on Thursday last, they made "holeday," and 2000 of them with their ensigns marched to the top of the hills in great triumph, hoping to have seen the enemy as they desired. They have done so well, the rest must follow—"and God putteth to his hand where men helppen themselves; who I doubt not wyll reward thier travaile with immortall fame!" We shall now have hourly news, I trust to rejoice your grace. Most men think, "kepyng Haddyngton, ye wyne Skotland." Berwick. Signed: Thom's Palmer.

2½ pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.