Elizabeth: September 1580

583. [Walsingham] to Robert Bowes. [Sept. 1.]

When the Queen of England entered into consideration of the last despatch her pleasure was that he should be willed to follow the way of persuasion and to forbear to enter into conference with any of them of any force to be used or promise of assistance from her until she shall be advertised by him of the necessity thereof, and that no way of safety for preventing the intended practices by Lennox can otherwise be wrought. For it is thought that if there should be offer made them of assistance at the first it would be a great drawing of them on to enter into a civil war, which, the condition of the Scotch nature considered, they are over hasty to undertake. Again, it may be feared that if any violence should be begun, that faction would seize the person of the King and carry him to Dumbarton, from whence they might either convey him into France, or, fortifying themselves there, call in foreign aid; which is a point so full of inconvenience that it should be prevented by all means possible. The Queen desires him, therefore, to follow this course, and not to deal otherwise touching the last part of that direction he sent him by the last letter. Oatlands.

Postscript.—He may perceive by this last resolution how uncertain they are in the course of their doings. If he does not mistake it, the diseases of Scotland would have no delayed remedies. Whilst he advertises hither what were fit to be done, the opportunity of doing it is lost. Besides some other causes, the uncertainty of their proceedings is not the least cause to stay him from assenting to that which the Earl of Morton desires. Is afraid that their unthankfulness towards God will not suffer them to put off the approaching mischiefs that hasten towards them, which, he fears, are to receive their beginning from thence. Is not to be too hasty to promise much from hence, for they take no care to perform. Fears Drumwhassell was taken by his own assent. The man has more wit than her majesty. Supposes the letters intercepted were from Sir Francis Russell.

1 p. Copy. Indorsed: "M[inute] to Mr. Bowes the 1 Sept., 1580."

Copy of the first part of the preceding letter.

Another copy. [With No. 594.]

Cott. Calig., C. VI., fol. 77, b.

Another copy of the same.

584. Robert Bowes to Burghley and Walsingham. [Sept. 4.]

Received their letter of the 31st of August at 9 o'clock this forenoon. Will repair to the King of Scots. Forasmuch as the Earl of Morton with his friends and sundry others best affected to his cause in hand are not yet come to Court, purposing to be there within two or three days, and that he thinks his presence can profit little before their coming, therefore has thought good to cast his journey that he may arrive at Edinburgh soon after their access thither, which he thinks will be on Wednesday next or near thereabouts.

The Earl of Lennox is already at Edinburgh strongly accompanied with sundry noblemen, the Carrs and Humes, and holding himself assured of the hearts and power of that town and many others so greatly inclined towards him, that he thinks himself almost settled in the possession of his desire; whereby the flame of the fire likely to kindle by the open dealing against him will the more rage for a time, and, peradventure, come to hazard troubles on the Borders, already disquieted; which evils by timely providence may be safely prevented. Trusts they will provide for the same.

Upon his letters written to the Abbot of Dunfermline moving him as well to acquaint the King with the Queen of England's meaning to despatch Lord Scrope and himself to him, as also to do the other effects mentioned in his letter to them, he has returned him the inclosed answer. Because the King has thereon called his Council to be assembled to a full number in the beginning of next week, and will then haply look for the coming of Lord Scrope, or other satisfaction from him [Bowes], requests them to direct him in that and all other things. Will endeavour to perform his duty against all storms and events whatsoever.

Is given to understand that the Earl of Lennox is certified that Drumwhassell has given possession of Dumbarton to William Stewart to the use of Lennox, and that Drumwhassell would be in Edinburgh yesternight. Is told that the letters intercepted were written by Drumwhassell himself and given to Lady Seton to have been conveyed into England, and that after she had once sent them forwards they were brought back to her, then returned by her towards Drumwhassel, and were in the way intercepted. Can yet learn the effects of the letters and certainty of this interception, but greatly distrusts some sophistry has been used herein. Berwick. Signed: Robert Bowes.

1²/3 pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

Copy of the same. [With No. 594.]

Inclosure with the same:—

(The Commendator of Dunfermline to Robert Bowes.)

I have received your letter and acquainted the King's majesty with the tenour thereof, who has commanded to notify the same to so many of his Privy Council as are absent, and therewith to desire them to be here this next week "anis" for the same effect, so that in the beginning of the next thereafter you may assuredly look for the full number to deliver your commission. Holyrood House, 2nd Sept. 1580. Signed: R. Dunfermling.

⅓ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

585. [Walsingham] to Robert Bowes. [Sept. 6.]

The Queen of England would have him in some private talk with the King of Scots let him understand, as from himself, that being a Prince to whom for his rare parts and singular virtues he has always been greatly devoted, he cannot but acquaint him with certain matter touching him very near that he has lately learned by some secret letters from some of his friends here, praying him on his honour to keep the same secret; which is, that in case it shall appear that he gives greater credit to D'Aubigny's persuasions than to her wholesome and profitable counsels, and shall seem rather to hearken to his dangerous devices, than to lean to her, whom he has always found a sure stay to him in his greatest necessity, her nobility and commons mean then to persuade her by Parliament to cut off his possibility to the succession of the Crown of England, and to establish the same in the person of some other, wherein he fears somewhat will be done this next session of the Parliament, which shall be on the 17th of the next month, unless it shall appear that he has put on another resolution with himself in that behalf; a matter of so dangerous consequence to him as cannot be countervailed by any profit or advantage that either D'Aubigny, France, or any other Prince can bring to him; wherefore he [Bowes] wishes him to have regard to it in time, and still to cleave fast to his best friends. The Queen would have him use some speech to this effect to the nobility in Scotland, as from himself, as he shall think fit. He shall do well to employ himself by all the means he can devise to draw the heads of the borderers to be at the Queen of England's devotion.

1 p. Copy. In the margin: "M. lettre to Mr. Bowes the 6 of September, 1580." [With No. 594, fol. 138.]

586. Credit by Elizabeth for Robert Bowes to [a Scottish Nobleman]. [Sept.] Cott. Calig., C. III., fol. 619.

Having heard of late, to her great grief, of the troublesome state of Scotland and the division amongst themselves, whereof she fears much peril will ensue to the country generally, for the better avoiding whereof she has thought good to employ there among them her servant Robert Bowes, whom she prays him credit.

⅓ p. Copy.

Cott. Calig., C. III., fols. 621, 622, and 623.

Three other documents to the same effect.

587. Robert Bowes to Burghley and Walsingham. [Sept. 6.]

Received their letter of the 1st instant at 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon. Had before the receipt thereof given knowledge to the Earl of Morton of his repair to Scotland, and sought to learn his diet and purpose to be at Court. Albeit, for the prevention of the hasty attempts commonly seen to be put in practice in that nation, he persuaded him and other friends to make the more speed to the Court to shoulder and stay the sudden progress of enterprise intended to be executed at this convention, and for a spur to prick them forwards therein he has given them some comfort, yet he shall easily retire himself and surely keep within the bounds limited to him by their last letter.

This morning, being ready to set forwards in his journey, received intelligence from the Earl of Morton that he would be at Edinburgh on Thursday next. Trusts to confer secretly with him before his departure for Dalkeith, occasioning him thereby to stay his journey till to-morrow. The Earl of Morton has received the King's letter requiring him to be with him on the 8th instant to receive Lord Scrope and himself; and for that especial cause the King has written to and called the most of the nobility to attend on him against their coming. Because the King will, perhaps, desire to understand by him the certain time of Lord Scrope's coming, or of his stay, requests to be speedily directed herein.

Is newly advertised that great alteration in the Council and in the King's house is intended to be done at this convention. Dunfermline, the Secretary, to be removed, and Newbottle to be placed therein; but Dunfermline has so wrought with them that he is put in hope to find favour.

Tullibardine, the Comptroller, foreseeing the strength of his adversaries, has given up his office to the King, who has given the same to Tullibardine's eldest son, and confirmed his gift by his writing executed with his hand and seal, whereby the new officer is prevented therein. Cambuskenneth, one of the Council and collector of the thirds of the Kirk, is to be displaced; but he stands to his "tacklyng," trusting that the house of Mar will join with him; who have earnestly dealt with all their friends for the same.

The Master of the Request is again to be changed; whereof no great matter is made. Because the four Masters of the King's stable, James Murray and others depending on the house of Mar, are thought to be over often in the King's ear and so well heard by him that many plots devised be oftentimes by their means defeated, therefore all these are meant to be put further from the King's person. Nevertheless, is given to understand that the knowledge of the repair of Lord Scrope and himself has moved the preferrers of these alterations to come to a new consultation, and that some of them begin to stagger and doubt to proceed in this attempt at this time. Berwick. Signed: Robert Bowes.

2 pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig., C. VI., fol. 78, b.

Extract from the same.

588. Robert Bowes to [Walsingham]. [Sept. 6.]

For the present it seems to him that some peril is threatened by the late alteration of the former resolution sent to him, and to have been put in practice. Albeit he had in general terms given some taste thereof to the Earl of Morton and others, and thereon found them partly frank to deal with him, yet is still within himself to retire and hold the course prescribed, which he will obey, and shall also temper to the most profit he can advance it, doubting that when the chief instruments and workmen in ripe harvest shall perceive his coldness in matters wherein they chiefly seek to be satisfied, thereby they shall be consumed in their former conceits, thinking that the Queen of England will not endure charge for those affairs, and thereon suddenly —according to the nature and custom of that nation—run to provide for their own safety, without regard to the common cause that presently lies on bleeding in that realm, and may not suffer any drift of time or delay of remedy.

The good counsel came in good season to him, otherwise he had surely passed himself, and layed more on performance than haply should have well acquitted his credit. But is warned, and heartily thanks him. Agrees with him in the experience of Drumwhassell; yet the Earl of Morton laments his case, thinking better of him, whereby he [Bowes] is drawn to suspend his judgment until he has tried his doings.

¾ p. In Bowes' hand. Indorsed: "6 Sept., 1580. From Mr. Bowes": No address or flyleaf.

589. [Privy Council] to Robert Bowes. [Sept. 10.]

The Queen of England seems to be greatly perplexed with these causes of Scotland, and does not now refuse to do anything that may tend to the staying of that State. Lord Hunsdon goes about to persuade her that the Earl of Morton is so weak that it will be hard to strengthen him sufficiently to do any good; which is the point that most troubles them. Requests his opinion what he thinks of it, and, if he can, to remove the doubt, with some good probable reasons; also to set down his advice which way and by what means he thinks most good might be done for redress of the evil that seems to be already so far past. If things in Scotland may be brought to some reasonable stay, sees great cause to hope that the matter of marriage will then come to nothing. Requests him, therefore, since there shall ensue so great good of it, to do what he can to prove the thing feasible to them, and to set down the best "worse" [? course] that he thinks is to be taken in it.

½ p. Copy. In the margin: "M. Lettre to Mr. Bowes the 10 of Sept., 1580." [With No. 594.]

590. [Walsingham] to Robert Bowes. [Sept. 10.]

After he had acquainted the Queen of England with his letters of the 4th instant, for that it appears by Dunfermline's letter that the performance of the sending of Lord Scrope will be looked for, or some cause alleged for his stay, her majesty, for the satisfaction of the King and the Lords of Scotland, would have him let him understand that the strange course he is now entered into by the delivering of Dumbarton into the hands of a subject of another Prince, by whose advice, it seems, he is altogether directed, and those neglected who in the time of his minority preserved Scotland in peace and his person in surety, gives her just cause to doubt what account she may make of his friendship towards her, and has therefore thought good to stay the sending of Lord Scrope until she may hear from him, assuring him that in case she shall find him inclinable to follow her advice, he shall find her most ready to persevere in the continuance of her former care and love towards him. On the other side, if by the persuasions of him who, under the colour of kindred, seeks rather his own greatness than his surety, she shall find him so carried away with his counsels that he shall neglect her advice, she will then take another course, moved through his ingratitude, that will work him more prejudice than his young years can look into. In case the King shall reply—as it is like he will—that Lennox is his nearest kinsman, and therefore cannot but repose trust in him, is to let him understand that if kindred be a thing he so greatly weighs, then, if he look rightly into the matter, he will see that there is no kindred that he ought to prefer before hers, who by effect has always showed true proofs of love towards him. Besides, her quality and means to do him either good or harm, if they be well weighed, may give him just cause to prefer the kindred of the Queen of England before an Earl of Lennox; and if it be true, as has been reported, that he affects to be second person, she would have him then let him understand that there is more cause he should fear his ambition than take comfort or delight in his affection, whatsoever outward show of love he avows. Is to continue in Scotland till he receives order for his revocation.

2 pp. Draft. Indorsed: "10 September, 1580. M[inute] to Mr. Bowes."

Cott. Calig., C. VI., fol. 79.

Copy of the same.

591. Robert Bowes to [Burghley and Walsingham]. [Sept. 13.] Cott. Calig., C. VI., fol. 80.

Entered Scotland on Wednesday last, and the next day arrived at this city. Albeit he had purposed to have spoken with "45" (fn. 1) before his arrival here, yet the access was found so perilous by divers accidents that he was driven to forbear the same, much contrary to all their desires. Nevertheless, has acquainted them by secret means of the matter, as he is directed, that he might have their presence and assistance for the expedition of the good success in his errand; wherein he finds their readiness and goodwill pressed to do all in their power.

On his coming hither found many councillors, but few others than such as are affected to the Earl of Lennox. Laboured with those few to employ themselves to set forward the cause to best effect for the benefit of religion and the King. But Lennox stands so high in the King's favour and strong in Council that few or none will openly withstand anything that he would have forwards, and such as be willing to give the attempt distrust both their own power and company at home, and also their backing abroad. Wherein, albeit he has used all the persuasions he can, according to his direction, laying before them the great benefits growing on their labours, yet they appear confused and unwilling to hazard and put themselves further than their powers may carry them out, remaining, nevertheless, ready on surety of sufficient support to do their best endeavour.

On Friday last desired the time to be appointed for access to the King's presence and for audience. His pleasure was that he should be welcome to him the next morning, and have audience on Monday following. Presented the Queen of England's letter to the King on the morrow, accompanying the same with enlargement of the contents and persuasions to move him to hearken to her sound counsel, tending wholly to his own welfare, and in the end dissuaded the progress of alterations suspected and to be at this time attempted. Wherein he received many fair promises to follow her advice with thankfulness, and also to stay the intended alterations, which he said he had hitherto refused upon his former promise made to her majesty in that behalf. These changes be still meant to be advanced if the King can be won to the same.

Returned yesterday at the hour prescribed, praying to have audience before himself and his Council; which was granted. Prayed that the Earl of Lennox might be excluded, for that he had to deliver some matter that particularly touched him. Which being proponed in Council—Lennox sitting there—they sent the Laird of Cleishe to him to know whether he was a messenger or an ambassador. Referred them to the view of the Queen of England's own letters to the King, expressing the cause and manner of his several despatches to him now and before; and finding the mark they shot at, said that by those letters they should find him sent in embassage. Soon after the Abbot of St. Combe—wholly devoted to Lennox—and Lord Cathcart—depending on the Earl of Morton—were sent to him, declaring that the King and Council found it not meet nor standing with their accustomed order to remove any nobleman from his seat in Council before sufficient matter shall be opened against him. Answered that her majesty having directed him to make this request, he has, therefore, done the same, and further had showed particular and sufficient cause, for the King's welfare, for Lennox's removal, besides many other respects more meet to be thankfully remembered by them, than presently mentioned by him. Then they demanded whether he had direction in writing. After he had found fault with this kind of dealing, said that, to remove all scruple, he had direction in writing. They signified that the King and Council would see his direction in writing before they removed Lennox, and asked whether it was under her majesty's hand or not. Denied to show that to the whole Council, especially whilst Lennox was present. Nevertheless, for the King's pleasure, he would let him and such convenient number as he should choose see that part of his instructions, and to the other part of their demand there needed no answer. This offer was also rejected with signification to him, that except he would show his direction in writing to the King and whole Council there sitting, he should not be heard. Still denied to show it in that manner, and likewise refused to deliver his message before Lennox and that assembly that would hear him with such a prejudgment, and had so little regard to her majesty's reasonable request, without satisfaction whereof he would not proceed further with them, praying their determinate resolution to be given him, that he might send the same to her majesty and dispose himself accordingly. At length they brought him answer that the King and Council would consider and advise further on that matter. Attends new day and warning, resting uncertain whether he will be heard or not, unless he shall either show his written direction to Lennox and the rest or else deliver his errand in the presence of Lennox. Requests speedy direction in these and other matters here of weight and difficulty.

This fire begins to rage mightily. For the quenching whereof he finds little remedy at present, other than at the King's own hands, which, in the condition of his young years and strong affection to Lennox, may be thought very doubtful, and the power of others willing to relieve the matter scarcely suffices at this time to do the same without manifest peril to them. Therefore, has thought it expedient for the holding of all things in even balance and quietness to travail and persuade that first in the deliberation and resolution of these warm causes the answer and order to be given thereon may be as agreeable as can be wrought to her majesty's expressed desire, tending simply to the preservation and benefit of religion, the King, and common peace, or else, upon difficulty seen, to compass so much (as he much distrusts the same), that then, for the next, the matter may be referred to the further consideration of the King and a more convenient convention and number of the nobility and Council, to the intent that better effects may be produced by a more indifferent assembly to be gathered within short time, and that in the mean season the eyes of the noblemen and councillors may be unsealed to behold the dangers and mischiefs approaching, and such other good works may be effected as shall be seen expedient. In which part he likewise prays speedy direction, The councillors present at this sitting are the Earls of Morton, Angus, Argyll, Lennox, Atholl, Eglinton, Montrose, and Rothes, Lords Ruthven, Lindsay, Herries, and Cathcart, the Abbots of Dunfermline, St. Combe, and Newbottle, and the Clerk of the Register.

Dunfermline first persuaded that Lennox should sit still, and was very forward to do all things to Lennox's contentment, to whom he now "coucheth" with all lowliness. Morton still was silent until the King pressed him to speak. Whereon he advised first to know whether he had direction to pray that Lennox might be removed, and on return of his answer, he thought it sufficient, persuading the King to further consideration on the next day, and concluding that it was an evil course to fall off with the Queen of England for rising of a man from Council, and before any matter opened. Since this time he has dealt with the King apart. Howbeit the matter still rests doubtful.

Because at his meeting with Lennox following the King he [Bowes] withdrew himself and wonted countenance from him, therefore himself, Lord Herries, and other his friends gathering that the Queen of England had conceived an evil opinion of him, doubted that he was sent to charge him with some great matter, imagining others than he had in charge. Whereupon Lord Ruthven, Lindsay, Herries, Newbottle, St. Combe, Sir James Hume, Cesford, and other friends of Lennox assembled in Council with him, and thereon concluded to stand fast together, and in case he should charge or boast him in her majesty's name, that it should be turned again over the board to him; and to shoulder this matter they resolved to persuade the King to appoint the Earl of Angus his lieutenant immediately, trusting thereby to win Angus to his friends to join directly with them, and for that purpose some of them assayed Angus with many fair words. But being both wise of himself and also well advised before by some means to take the counsel of his known friends, he is not hasty to undertake the charge.

On the sight of this kind of "treatie" towards him sundry light persons—yet oftentimes hard by the King, and some noblemen— showed their readiness to cast off with the Queen of England, thinking the time very apt to win more profitable friends. Doubting that these passions should continue for some time, and, perhaps, come to the hearing of loose borderers who readily would thereon enter into sudden outrage and attempt, therefore thought it meet to give warning to all her majesty's wardens to give the better regard and prevent the evil.

The King and Council of their own accord will consult this day for Border causes, and afterwards conclude for their resolution to be given to him in the matters in question with him yesterday. Edinburgh. Signed: Robert Bowes.

4 pp. No flyleaf or address.

592. Sir John Foster to Walsingham. [Sept. 16.] Cott. Calig., C. VI., fol. 83.

The occasion of the greatness of the Earl of Lennox is that the King is so affected towards him that he has left the house of Mar and is at his devotion, and it is bruited that he has altered his household, displaced Tullibardine, and placed the Laird of Troghare to be his Comptroller, and Lord Lindsay shall be made collector, and William Stewart, brother to the Laird of Treghare, shall be made Master of the King's wardrobe in James Murray's place, and that all the four masters of household shall be changed, except Mingo Grahame. The Laird of Kelso [Kilsay] shall be made Master of the Household. These alterations, together with the delivery of the castle of Dumbarton, are a great cause that so many favour him.

Whereas his honour is desirous to be advertised of the estate of the Borders, and how the Carrs and Humes are affected towards the Earl of Lennox, the Carrs, wholly, and the most part of the Humes are at his devotion, and so have showed themselves openly. The greater part of Liddesdale is at Lennox's devotion. But West Tynedale, as the Scotts, the Rutherfords, Turnbulls, and others there depend on the Earls of Morton and Angus. Notwithstanding that the Carrs and Humes are now favourers of the Earl of Lennox— which he thinks they are forced to do rather for particular causes between the Earl of Morton and them, the Carrs for the abbacy of Kelso, and the Humes for the abbacy of Coldingham, rather than for any zeal or affection to Lennox—thinks they may be so practised that they may be brought to the Queen of England's devotion; so that they may be in security that the Earl of Morton growing in authority, she would take such order that their lives and livings be in no danger, but that their causes may be decided and ordered by her, and may the sooner be brought to pass, considering that the Earl of Lennox is French, and also against the glory of God and His Word, and many of their livings are spiritual livings.

1 p. Copy.

593. Directions by the Privy Council to Mr. Robert Bowes. [Sept. 18.]

That Robert Bowes may be directed to stand in the terms of his former message, not to deliver anything against Lennox in his own presence, nor to show any writing for the warranting of his message more than the letter of credit. In these points he shall be the more precise, because it is thought better to purpose that by these occasions the King may refuse to have his message; and he also may take occasion to leave it undone, for that it shall behove her majesty on this ground to send to the King some other personage to lay before him and his Council further matter of weight to abuse D'Aubigny's greatness. Bowes shall declare to the King that he means to advertise the Queen's majesty of his negotiations, leaving the King to think that her majesty has great matters against D'Aubigny especially tending for the King's own safety and the weal of his realm. But if before the receipt hereof Bowes shall have done his message, then there is to be considered, upon return of his answer, what is further to be done.

If Bowes shall not have done his message, as it is to be wished that he shall not, because it is to be doubted that this message shall but irritate D'Aubigny and make him fortify himself stronger with his fast friends, and shall make others for fear or favour, though they love him not, adjoin themselves to him, thinking that her majesty will now do no more, but leave off with this her message, or but with a reiteration of it. Therefore it is thought necessary that no means be left off to prosecute this abasing of Lennox.

The perils if Lennox be suffered to continue his greatness are, (1) he will abase all such as bear friendship to the Queen of England, (2) he will nourish unkindness and troubles on the Borders to drive the Queen's majesty to a continual charge to keep force to defend outrages committed on her subjects, (3) he will induce the King to marry in France or elsewhere to make himself able to offend the Queen of England, and when he shall be of some more years, finding her majesty not assisted with some good friendship, to attempt to make present title, as the Queen his mother did when she was married to the Dauphin of France; and whenever he shall attempt this he shall have more helps than his mother had. First, because he will be a young man, in whom England and Scotland shall seem to be knit to avoid all perils by uncertainty of succession. Secondly, he will have the comfort of all discontented persons in England. Thirdly, the Scottish nation is at this day stronger in feats of arms than it was aforetime, by reason of their exercise in civil wars and their being in the Low Countries.

If these or such like shall—as they ought—seem worthy of moment to make the Queen prevent them, then it seems good that for the weight hereof some personage of greater value were sent to prosecute the matter than any message by Robert Bowes. The respect of the persons herein is much, because a number in Scotland who inwardly do not like Lennox will more boldly adjoin themselves to the Queen of England's course upon assured hope that she will thoroughly run the course to the end.

2 pp. In Burghley's hand. Indorsed by Burghley: "18 Sept., 1580. A purpos of Counsell at Rychmont for directying of Robert Bowes."

Cott. Julius, F. VI., fol. 26.

Another copy of the same.

Cott. Calig., C. VI., fol. 82.

Another copy of the same.

594. Various Letters. [April-Sept.]

[A collection of copies of various letters calendared in this colume.]

595. [Robert Bowes to Walsingham.] [Sept.]

Received his letter of the 8th instant, and has done the contents thereof as far as he could. Is in hope of the coming of Lord Ruthven, yet knows great difficulty will be made therein. Whatsoever the Scottish Queen or her friends can do in the Court of England, the same will be employed for the advantage of Lennox, who has intelligence of its affairs and doings. Is of opinion that Lennox had rather a conjecture of the effects of his errand and stay of Lord Scrope than any sure knowledge. Supposes that conceit proceeded from some others hereabouts, who might better guess than truly understand that or other like matters.

The estate in Scotland is much recovered and stayed by the travall of the ministers and others, who have done their diligence therein, and Morton and his friends are so forwards and shall be so well supported on surety of the Queen of England's backing and sight of her resolution to be at some charges for the managing of these affairs that the persons of quality to be sent thither, bringing with them power to satisfy the expectations in these two points, shall find wished success to her majesty's good liking and their own honour. [ ] and others seeing the disposition of good men think that in case her majesty shall in time and with speed make known and give assurance of her determined mind to proceed to the effects recited, that then all these may be done here either by the persons qualified or by any other such means as shall be found expedient; wherein they wish that there be no longer delay used, for drift or faintness seen in the progress of this course taken will, they think, utterly overthrow the cause and cast them into despair. It is meet that they be comforted and kept in the way wherein they are presently walking. Requests to be advertised of the intention and purpose to proceed with effect.

²/3 p. Copy.

596. [Walsingham] to Robert Bowes. [Sept. 18.]

On receipt of his letters of the 13th instant there was some consultation had by her majesty's order for answer to be made for his further direction, which as yet cannot be resolved on, and therefore has thought good—considering what encouragement is given to good servants by good acceptation of their services—to acquaint him with her well liking of that his standing upon the refusal either to show his direction in the presence of Lennox, or to deliver his message in his presence. If he could have thought that her majesty would not have accompanied his direction with answerable effects, he would not easily have been induced to have been author or consenter to any such counsel. All such as are well willers to the present state are sorry to see that party so weak that should uphold it. As soon as they [the Privy Council] grow to any resolution he shall be advertised thereof. In the meantime he shall do well to make good the course he is entered into, and not to yield in it.

Postscript.—There is some determination to send Sir Walter Mildmay with some noblemen to join with him [Bowes] in the negotiation there, but because they change their purposes often he can assure nothing.

1 p. Copy. In Walsingham's hand. Indorsed: "M[inute] to Mr. Bowes of the 18 Sept., 1580, sent away the 19 in the forenone, in answere to his of the 13."

Copy of the same, without the postscript.

597. Robert Bowes to Burghley and Walsingham. [Sept. 20.] Cott. Calig., C. VI., fol. 84.

On Tuesday last (fn. 2) was again called to the King, who discoursed and showed to him at some length that his Council thought it strange that the removal of any nobleman in the realm should be required before the particular matter of his accusation was opened in his own hearing, and alleging that no such order or practice had been used or received in the Scottish nation. He therefore wished he should pass over that ceremony and tell the substance of his errand and credit to him and his whole Council in the presence of the Earl of Lennox, who, he said, freely offered not only to answer and purge himself before the King and Council in any cause to be objected against him for religion, the person and state of the King, and the amity with the Queen of England, but also to abide the trial of the same before her, and upon manifest conviction to endure due punishment with perpetual dishonour.

Answered, that he could not depart from his direction to require removal of Lennox, and to signify to the King in presence of his Council the credit and message committed to him, approving therewith her majesty's request to be grounded on good reason, and commonly practised in matters of like quality, as well for the advancement of the truth in the examination and trial of the causes objected, as also for prevention of the evils by sudden attempt of execution of the enterprises intended and so discovered. In which respects—and because the request proceeded from her majesty having in some degree interest in the cause in hand—the denial of it should, therefore, first deceive her majesty's expectation, and next, declare the will and purpose of the Earl of Lennox prevailing above the just desire of her majesty—a matter offering great signs of unthankfulness and some dishonour to her—and recounting to him the greatness of her benefits bestowed and hereafter to be conferred on him, persuaded him to follow her counsel, laying before him the fruits thereof, with other large arguments to draw him that way. Whereunto he affirmed very earnestly that he would never be unthankful nor break with her majesty, and would lean chiefly to her advice, and above all things; yet he sought again to lead him to proceed to tell his credit and message to him and his Council, or otherwise to advertise her majesty of the impediment of the progress, and to pray her to alter her direction therein.

Agreed to inform her of the true state of the cause and proceedings thereof, but dare not, he said, adventure to persuade the alteration of the direction, especially in regard of Lennox's course presently taken against her majesty, and also in consideration of the effects to be objected against himself.

Afterwards, Lord Herries, Newbottle, and Clerk Register were sent to him from the King and Council, offering that if he would declare his credit and message to the King and whole Council he should have audience: otherwise, if he would do it to the King alone, he would gladly hear him. They reasoned much that the contents of her majesty's letters to the King should bind him to discover it to the King himself. But let them understand that part of his credit he had already delivered to the King himself, and now was ready to signify some other part in presence of the King, agreeable to his direction; which matters touched the Earl of Lennox particularly, and therefore [he] ought to be removed. But his removal was and is still denied. For which they allege that it is not the order and practice of Scotland, and that none of them will charge the Earl of Lennox with any matter opened by him [Bowes], but leave it to be declared by him in his own hearing.

Then they showed that the King purposed to write to her majesty in this cause, praying him to cause his letter to be conveyed. Whereunto he agreed, on condition that he might know that the contents thereof should be reasonable; and to the intent that he might the better satisfy the King and Council therein, repaired to the King, praying—and likewise moved Dunfermline to "break" with the Council —that in case the letter to be written to her majesty by the King might not be known to him, or that it should contain matter either against the good liking of her majesty or in his own accusation, that then the carriage thereof might be committed to a messenger to be sent by the King. Albeit he has divers times laboured therein, finding the King was pleased to allow of his request, yet, by resolution of the Council, is still pressed for the convoy of the letter, without opening any part of the contents to him. Whereupon, and fcr some good respects, he makes some danger to give it convoy, notwithstanding that by some means he understands the effect of the letter, which by the note thereof inclosed shall appear to them.

Thus he remains still, and cannot be heard unless he shall utter it before Lennox, contrary to his former resolution and to the conceit of "45." (fn. 3) Doubts to be again urged to send up the letter, notwithstanding that the King has committed the consideration of that cause to better advice of his Council. Prays that his doings herein, being meant for her majesty's best service, may be favourably accepted, and that his error or default, if any be, may be also graciously pardoned.

Soon after the receipt of their last letter, of the 10th instant, which he received on the 14th, acquainted the King with the stay of Lord Scrope, and the cause thereof, occasioned by his strange course entered into by delivery of the castle of Dumbarton to the Earl of Lennox, subject to another Prince, and not affecting the amity. Upon which words, he accused Drumquhassel of great disobedience towards himself, and of like abuse towards Lennox, concluding that Drumquhassel might not be suffered to continue in that charge, and therewith he excused Lennox in all things, commending his loyalty to himself and good affection to the Queen of England and the amity, and also affirmed that if it might be manifestly proved that Lennox had practised against the course of religion or amity, or to bring the French into Scotland, that thereon he should readily remove him, to his grief and displeasure. Which mind in this last part he finds also in all the Council, who think and say that they cannot give credit to matters of suspicion or jealousy, but look for evident actions directly to be proved and made known to them. Whereby it may be gathered that seeing this determination is thus decreed to believe nothing against Lennox without particular matter be manifestly found and proved by his own letters or direct actions, the information and warning to be given to the King and Council against him will not be much esteemed or so deeply weighed as the worthiness thereof deserves, notwithstanding the allegation of the intelligence given to her majesty, and the confirmation of the same by other circumstances and sight of the sequel of the proceedings. Requests further direction.

Lennox and his friends believe, and some of them give forth that all these informations given to the Queen of England against Lennox proceed from the Earl of Morton, Mr. Archibald Douglas or Drumquhassel, because all these are thought to be carried by particular affections against him.

Has travailed with "36," according to such effect as was directed by the note inclosed in their letter; his doings and success wherein will appear by his note "infolden."

Has moved the King and Council sundry times for their timely order for the Borders, and albeit they have conferred often thereof, yet they have not hitherto resolved. But they promise to do it with expedition and certainty.

According to the direction in the last note for drawing the heads of the Borders to the Queen of England's devotion, has conferred with Lord Herries, Sir James Hume, the Laird of Cesford, and Andrew Carr, who all wholly depend on Lennox, and are great countenance and strength to him. They crave to understand some plain fact done by Lennox against religion or the amity before they should shrink from him, saying that they do not follow him but in hope he will be careful to nourish and preserve the amity with her majesty, and the three last have offered their own devotion and offices to her, and also persuaded that she might have Lennox a good instrument to run and advance her course in case it should please her to accept him. Wherein it appears that they came directed by himself [Lennox] in that part.

The Earl of Angus has refused to accept any lieutenancy, and being pressed to enter into band and friendship with Lennox, he said that he was his friend already, and would only serve the King his sovereign; upon which terms he still stands.

The King lately dealt with the Earl of Mar for a reconciliation and amity to be made betwixt Lennox and him, but Mar is departed without any conclusion of the matter. Before his going away he came with his friends to him [Bowes], offering to the Queen of England his good devotion, next his own sovereign. Whereupon, has given him and them the complements requisite, and wish that he may be encouraged to continue.

The Convention still continues, is very great, and still increases, so far that many doubt that before the dissolution thereof either violent effects shall be attempted or else the progress of the alteration intended to be again assayed. But has left such disposition in the King to the contrary, that he distrusts not much the sequel thereof at this time. Incloses a note of the manner of the change purposed.

Sundry of the ministers have been lately with the King, persuading him earnestly to beware of the French practices against religion, and John Dury has so directly charged Montbirneau to the King in his closet with abuses not tolerable, that Montbirneau has his leave to depart, giving out that he will pass through England. Nevertheless, he minds to sail to Dieppe in a ship of Leith, of 70 tons, belonging to Gilbert Cantt, and will enter his voyage in a day or two, or with the next wind. It is thought that he looked to have carried news of greater matters done by Lennox at this time than have succeeded. Lennox, by him, directed his wife to be stayed, notwithstanding she entered on her journey. As "98" tells him, Lennox begins to think it meet for himself to follow soon after. Sees no great appearance of this last point; yet he complains much to his friends that the King drew him to the device of the alteration of the officers, and at the execution of the same to have been now performed he denied to proceed with it, leaving Lennox in all the blame.

The bishop of Glasgow had written to Drumquhassel to hold the castle of Dumbarton, misliking utterly that Lennox should have possession thereof. But he says he did not mean to have hearkened to the bishop, nor to have parted with the possession of the castle if he had not been constrained by the accident already signified. His own letter intercepted was directed to Sir Francis Russell and to have been conveyed by Lady Seton, in whose hands it was taken. The original is burnt, yet he [Bowes] shall hereafter have the copy thereof. And whereas he [the bishop] wrote that the French Court in Scotland daily increased so fast that good regard ought to be given thereto, that part most highly offended Lennox and overthrew himself so far that he is now departed into his country confused and in great disgrace. Edinburgh. Signed: Robert Bowes.

4²/3 pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

598. Robert Bowes to Walsingham. [Sept. 20.]

Requests that by some letters the Earls of Angus, Mar, Argyll, and Montrose, and likewise Lord Ruthven, especially the two first, may perceive that good account is made of them. Surely "98" has been deceitfully used at all hands, and is most grieved that he cannot perform the duties that he owes to the Queen of England, and "81" begins to understand that the like measure is meant towards him; whereupon he is careful to prevent the evil. Beseeches him to hasten the return of his direction with expedition and certainty, as a matter importing much her majesty's service. Edinburgh. Signed: Robert Bowes.

²/3 p. Addressed. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig. C. VI., fol. 83, b.

Copy of the same.

599. [Robert Bowes to Walsingham.] [Sept. 20.]

This State undoubtedly standing in dangerous case, requiring either speedy remedy before the increase of the disease, or else the delay will soon show the mischief thereof. If the building shall be founded on Lennox and his friends, as some would persuade, the success will soon after discover the effects of the work; and if "45" (fn. 4) be employed, then his entertainment and charge may not be long deferred; for on sight of the weighty contents of Walsingham's last letter he has drawn him thus far, much beyond his own mind, which will not believe in any wise that the Queen of England will be at charges and proceed. These hawks will range out of the country upon sight of empty lure. Is well assured that words are of no value in this realm at this time. The present burden shall be only for him "45" (fn. 4) and his friends, which no great sum may and will well suffice. The other expenses may be suspended, and [are] not needful to be defrayed but upon surety of good fruit succeeding to yield sufficient recompense. He stands to be speedily answered, and therewith to be directed, whereunto he will prepare himself. Requests answer with speed, for before the receipt thereof he dare not enter into any promise.

²/3 p. In Bowes' hand. No indorsement, etc.

600. [Walsingham] to Robert Bowes. [Sept. 24.]

Forasmuch as by the last clause of his letter of the 13th instant it appears to the Queen of England that he awaits the King's resolution for Border causes the same day, and that he would further advertise the same, for the misdoubt she has that his letters are intercepted or that he is deterred withal, she stays the sending of her resolution till she may hear from him. Richmond.

Postscript.—Sir Walter Mildmay will be here to-morrow, who with Lord Hunsdon is appointed to repair to Scotland, if there grow no occasions of change. Requests him to advertise how many letters he has written to this Court since his repair into Scotland, for they are persuaded here that there be some of his letters intercepted.

½ p. Copy. Indorsed: "Copie to Mr. Bowes, 24 Sept., 1580, dispatched the 25."

601. Robert Bowes to Burghley and Walsingham. [Sept. 25.] Cott. Calig., C. VI., fol. 87.

Because he cannot have audience before the King and Council without the presence of the Earl of Lennox, therefore continues still in his former case, neither has he been urged of late with the convoy of the King's letter mentioned in his last.

Lord Herries and the Abbot of Dunfermline, being sent by the King and Council, brought to him the provost of this town accompanied with many burgesses of several boroughs, complaining greatly as well of the late piracies done by Moyle, as also of other like robberies by sea, committed before by English pirates; against whom they affirm they could receive no justice or redress in England, notwithstanding their great expenses and long suit for the same; and making the matter very great, they prayed that he would commend it to the Queen of England, that speedy restitution or relief might be made.

After he had let them see how generally this disease of piracy reigned in all realms and could not be suppressed in the condition of this age and civil troubles, and recounting therewith her majesty's care and favourable dealings towards these persons then complaining, and also to all others of the Scottish nation, he agreed to recommend their request to her. Whereupon they have resolved to draw the effects of the complaints to certain heads, and after the same have been considered by the Council, to deliver them to him to be sent to her majesty. But since their being with him little or nothing more is done.

After the departure of the Earl of Mar and sundry other noblemen and of the Council from this convention, and that the Earl of Lennox and his friends saw that the King would not agree to the alteration intended, then they devised to resort to another course, which, being found good, was speedily imparted to the King, and his assent obtained—as to a matter tending to no change, but for an increase of his strength and surety without charge—it was with like speed proposed yesterday, in the forenoon, by the Abbot of Dunfermline, that it should be convenient to appoint a Lord Chamberlain, and a vice-chamberlain in the King's house, and that there might be twentyfour gentlemen, sons of earls, lords, and barons, who might attend on the king for safety of his person, and at their own expenses. Whereupon it was resolved by the King and Council, in the afternoon, that the Earl of Lennox should be the Lord Chamberlain, and the Master of Mar the vice-chamberlain, and restored to his old room. Which two officers are already received and have taken their oaths, and order is given for the choice of the twenty-four gentlemen, who shall be chosen at the denomination of Lennox. There were no more present at this Couucil than the Earls of Argyll, Lennox, and Eglinton, Lords Ruthven and Cathcart, the Abbots of Newbottle and St. Combe, the Comptroller, and Clerk Register. For albeit the Abbot of Dunfermline proponed the matter, yet he tarried not the resolution. All except Lord Cathcart and the Comptroller agreed to the choice of Lennox. The Earl of Morton was absent, as occupied that morning in the apprehension of a disobedient person within his rule; yet he was not ignorant of this purpose as some others also were who departed, the rather because they would not be present at the erection and choice of this new officer.

The flexible nature of the King in these tender years and the yielding disposition in most of the Council may now appear to be such that in this time little or no resistance may be made against Lennox, who climbs so fast that some look for his sudden fall.

The extraordinaries in the King's house and all the ordinary officers noted and suspecting to be changed think this to be the preparation of their discharge and avoidance; whereat they and many others grudge. Likewise the ministers—having by all means in their power forewarned the King and Council—and many well affected greatly lament this state, condemning the nobility and Council as men blinded or bewitched, and albeit some begin to think of some remedy to prevent the progress of the mischief appearing, yet the lack of company and good assistance discourages them to give any speedy attempt; to the which none can be drawn without sight of better backing; a matter worthy grave consideration, and also requiring timely provision of seasonable remedy, which without repair hither of greater than himself, or surety and direct promise of larger support and maintenance than he can hitherto yield, will be hardly effected.

Yesterday, whilst these matters were in handling, the Earl of Morton —having dined in the house where he lodges—came to him before his departure to his own house at Dalkeith, and, after long conference, he thought that Lennox was near the height of his rising, and that albeit the loss of opportunity oftentimes offered before had brought on this perilous state, yet he is still in comfort that the cause is not desperate, and appears willing to employ himself and power for the recovery. For which purpose he said that he had already sent for the Earl of Bothwell to return with speed, and had some conference with Lord Robert Stewart, thereby to raise a party in the house of Stewart. But he seemed and said that he was not resolved with himself what to think of a war betwixt the nations, or of the surprise mentioned in his [Bowes'] last letter. Which violent medicines, not thoroughly determined on by Morton, he commends to wise consideration, trusting that they and all other means found meet for redress of the inconveniences arising shall be well weighed, and speedy order be taken for the further handling of these weighty affairs, which require a stronger than himself to encourage them to enter and proceed in the course to be put in practice. The King and Council have oftentimes consulted for Border causes, and, nevertheless, left them without any conclusion, saving that the Earl of Angus—being sent to by the King—has promised that the Laird of Bonjedworth (fn. 5) shall enable the Warden of the Middle Marches of Scotland to answer for all under the Earl, and John Carmichael has accepted the charge of Lyddisdale, but he is presently so visited with sickness that he is thought to be in great danger of death. Cesford, the warden, returned nothing satisfied, leaving his servant to seek further resolution. He promises his best endeavour to do justice and preserve the peace. The Earl of Angus was moved to have taken the lieutenancy of the West Borders for a time, and in the variance betwixt Lord Maxwell and the Laird of Johnston, now warden there. But he refused the charge. Which being afterwards offered to Argyll, he has accepted. Sees slender order taken for the Borders.

Lennox has solicited the Earl of Angns very earnestly for his bond of friendship, but Angus has denied to give any bond in writing. Nevertheless, he has promised to be his friend, on condition that it does not extend to prejudice or hurt the Earl of Morton or any of his dependents.

Angus begins to get good credit with the King and in all Scotland by his constancy, wisdom, and good behaviour.

The Earls of Morton and Lennox likewise stand in very friendly terms, and presently Lennox is about to get the bands of the barons and gentlemen in Lothian, trusting to advance himself to such strength as shall maintain him in all his actions. He has now stayed Montbirneau and has sent two others of his servants, Frenchmen, into France in a ship of one Lambe of Leith, which will sail this day for Dieppe and may haply touch some part of England.

The Master of Mar promises his devotion to the Queen of England to the uttermost of his power. He is sufficiently warned of the practice of Lennox to draw the castle into his charge. He may now by his nearness about the King do good offices, and proof will be had shortly of his disposition, which, in the weakness of his nature, is much distrusted by his friends.

Lord Herries departed before the erection of these new officers, affirming that he remained at the Queen of England's devotion, and so greatly misliked of these doings that he had plainly dealt with Lennox, and more plainly with Argyll, whom he said that he would accuse and charge with abuse of the King in case any evil succeeded in these matters, and the Earl of Morton has a good opinion of his sound meaning herein.

John Maitland, brother to the Laird of Lethington, deceased, and not much inferior in wit and practice, and Robert Melvin are lately entertained and grow great in counsel and credit about Lennox, who busily seeks all men and all means to uphold his greatness in Scotland.

It is verily thought that this new erection is devised to serve not only to prevent her majesty's course and planting of any about the King, or by entertaining of himself—a matter much doubted and condemned by some—to advance any other plots that shall be found convenient to those who have effected this matter. For the stay whereof, and for his own further direction in these difficult causes— hard to be bettered in this evil time and state without greater strength—he prays speedy advertisement to the end he may dispose himself and his doings as her majesty shall best like, and satisfy such as look for the certainty of her resolution, and stay others who in the fear or weakness of ther minds may come further with the rest than may easily be recovered. Edinburgh. Signed: Robert Bowes.

5 pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

602. [Robert Bowes to Walsingham.] [Sept.]

By his joint letter of the date hereof he may see that the Queen of England may once again have her choice in this realm and gain such interest and hold as shall be found most convenient. The several dispositions and qualities of all the parties are so small known that there needs no further information to be given for determination of the resolution. If this opportunity shall be let slip or delayed he will be utterly desperate of any good success to be offered afterwards. Prays that upon such course taken he may be acquitted of the blame of all evil sequel and delivered from the charge. In case her majesty goes forward effectually in these affairs it shall be very meet that, for the execution of the plot resolved, some personage of estimation may be employed with speed, who, he trusts, shall draw sweet water out of these troubled brooks.

½ p. In Bowes' hand. No indorsement, etc.

603. [Robert Bowes to Walsingham.] [Sept.] Cott. Calig., C. VI., fol. 97.

This last course taken by the Queen of England against Lennox has stirred the wolves, according to his former letters and opinion signified upon the first view and receipt of the commission; and albeit many were and are grieved therewith, looking that this smoke shall be turned into boasts, yet the progress thereof works other conceits in them, and by good handling good fruits may be brought forth thereof.

Before his letters come to his hands Lennox is oftentimes advertised of the contents thereof; for before his receipt of the letters of the last of August he foretold the story of Lord Scrope, and also his errand and commission to come alone to accuse him. From whence this comes, he knows not; but wishes that it might be prevented, for he has frequent and good intelligence from England. Likewise he received oftentimes advertisements from the King's mother, which are carried first into France.

Cannot as yet learn the effects of the packets and commission sent by La Croix embarked the other day at Leith for Dieppe, and who will haste to the French Court. The ambassador in France may haply by good espial get some knowledge which might do great good here.

"45" [Morton] longs for resolution; wherein it is time that he was well satisfied. But words may not prevail to work any good matter.

1 p. No flyleaf or address.

604. Robert Bowes to [Burghley and Walsingham.] [Sept. 27.] Cott. Calig., C. VI., fol. 90.

Upon sight of the progress of this vehement course headlong entered and run in this realm, has not forborne to reprove the great unthankfulness and rashness of the King's Council, who, having delivered one of the principal keys and ports of Scotland to the hands of the Earl of Lennox, a subject of another Prince, and infected with right dangerous practices, and after friendly admonition given by the Queen of England, and discovery of the inconveniences of the same, tending to the overthrow of religion and rearing of unquenchable troubles, they have, nevertheless, not only rejected her good counsel and for the pleasure of Lennox unadvisedly denied her reasonable request, made only for the preservation of the religion, the King, and common quietness, but also with like negligence of their care for these causes or amity with her, have now drawn the person of the King into the possession of Lennox, that the King and realm may be thereby disposed at his will and arbitrament, and that the King be pulled away from her advice, contrary to his own promise and good liking lately uttered to him [Bowes]; the mischiefs whereof and the indilate approach and expectation of the same he has at large opened as well to sundry of the nobility and other discreet personages of good calling, as also to the ministers and well affected—which last have already and will hereafter travail diligently for prevention of the evils—and has let it fall that upon experience of this apparent ingratitude towards her majesty and casting aside of all care for the welfare of the public causes, her majesty will be enforced—against her wonted mind and purpose—to change her course, and to think of such remedy as may speedily teach them their errors and let it be known that Lennox and this wilful Council depending on him have more deeply wounded the state of the King and his realm than can be cured by them and all their friends. All which are brought to the understanding of Lennox and his nearest friends of the Scottish nation, who now begin to espy the offences arising in sundry sorts of this people grieved therewith, and also to foresee the dangers growing to themselves by any breach hereupon to be made with the Queen of England or the amity. Since which time he has been assured diversely by Lennox's friends, who labour earnestly to purge him of any defection towards her majesty and offer liberally to advance any course that she pleases to have forward in Scotland; for the surety whereof especial messengers are tendered to be sent to her with such other assurance and in such manner and to such effects as may best content her. Besides, was advised that Lord Ruthven, Lord Treasurer, would come and confer with him in these behalfs. So, indeed, he came: to whom he opened the effects before recited. He affirmed that of his own knowledge he saw no other mind in Lennox than to serve the King truly, honour the Queen of England, and maintain the amity, adding therewith that Lennox had little power of himself to do any great matters in Scotland without the assistance of the nobility and other friends joined with him, who once espying any purpose in him to practise anything against the religion or amity with her majesty, would soon leave him alone and withstand his practices; and he frankly offered his own devotion to her, leaving the same, nevertheless, in general terms, and promising to come again and declare himself ready to advance anything that might be for the benefit of his sovereign and pleasure to her majesty.

Soon after, Robert Melville, one especially depending on Lord Ruthven, returned to him, and recounting the sum of the conference passed with Lord Ruthven that forenoon—who was, he said, slow ot promise, and ready to perform—and showed him that Lord Ruthven had agreed with him and directly offered that in any course to be devised for the benefit of the King and for maintenance of the amity with England, he and all his friends would join to set forward the same, and if any apt and convenient marriage for the King could be found in England and should be tendered by the Queen of England with meet conditions, that he and his friends would be ready to set forward the prosperous success thereof, trusting to effect it to her majesty's own contentment, and persuading that there remained no mean so strong as this to bind the realm to the course and devotion of her majesty; wherein he wished that good expedition might be used—because the King had declared to Lord Ruthven that he was very desirous to have his marriage thought of and taken in hand with speed—and also showed himself willing and contented to bestow his own journey and travail to the Queen of England for the advancement of these weighty causes, to which the Earls of Argyll and Lennox and others were privy and consenting. To enforce this matter it was added, that in case her majesty pleased to accept them and their offers, they would faithfully perform all promises with her, and do all things to her best pleasure. But if her majesty pleased to deface and pursue the Earl of Lennox, without manifest cause made known, that thereby her highness should wound, and could not have the hearts of his friends—who are great, he said, and the strongest party in that realm—and also make a hole in the King's heart that some day might be revived. Further, by this mean the nobility might be united in concord and brought to the King's service and the Queen of England's own devotion.

Because this offer proceeded from Lord Ruthven—a personage of great power, discreet, and honourable—therefore he received the motion with better mind and countenance, and also thought it expedient to recommend the same to their knowledge and good consideration, to determine thereon as for her majesty's best service in Scotland. Nevertheless, still continues his former course as well against Lennox and all these proceedings, as also with "45" (fn. 6) and all others on that side, attending still her majesty's direction in all things.

The strife in the nobility and others about the King at present is raised and nourished by the inordinate desire occupying each several party and faction to attain and hold the ear and nearness of the King, which they would turn to their own advantage and for their private respects, according to their several and secret intentions, agreeable to their plots devised, and for the gaining whereof all, in manner, who serve for it, wholly neglect the public causes. This was one of the marks that the associates at the Falkirk shot at; which fellowship still remains conjoined, and who, for their leader, and to supply the decay of Atholl, deceased, have chosen Lennox, who has not only drawn Glencairn, Ruthven, Dunfermline, and other great strength to them, but also is now entered into the possession of the custody and affection of the King in such fulness as they desired, and thereby hold under, for this time, all others bent against them. Now these in this force and qualities, sufficiently known to them, offer themselves to her majesty in sort expressed. The other side, weakened by the greatness of their adversaries, are ready to be employed in manner signified in his last letter.

This day "72" [Angus] sent an especial messenger to him for his advice, whether he should accept the lieutenancy of the West Borders that is again pressed upon him by the King's earnest letters, and at the persuasion of Lennox. Wherein, because he saw the same urged by Lennox to draw the other to run with him in his government and to carry him further from "45" [Morton], therefore his counsel was to refuse that charge with meet terms for satisfaction of the King and his own duty; which advice the messenger seemed to allow, and should be followed. Edinburgh. Signed: Robert Bowes.

3²/3 pp. No flyleaf or address.

605. Robert Bowes to Walsingham. [Sept. 27.]

Forasmuch as he is commanded to remain here till he shall be revoked, in case his abode shall be continued any long time he would therein dispose himself and poor household—being now kept to his excessive charge—to some better order, and settle himself to follow her majesty's service. Requests him to be a mean that he may timely understand her majesty's meaning in this part. Received his letter of the 18th instant. Edinburgh. Signed: Robert Bowes.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.