Elizabeth: October 1585

151. Sir William Livingston to Walsingham. Elizabeth. [Oct. 1. 1585.]

"My vary guid lord, it will pleis your lordship that this young gentleman my sonne beand at the sculies in France chancit to git his fantasie to ane gentlewoman quhome he hathe mariet thair, and now hering of the King's edictis lately set out that all here of the religion sould torne to papiche religion or ellis to sell thair landis and guidies thay have thair, otherwyse to tyne that quhiche they have in thair partis; and he choising nather to accept the benefite grantit be the King to sell his landis and guidis he hathe thair be his vyf nor to violat his religion, hes adressit himselfe to the effect aforesaid. Thairefoir upon our old aquentance and courtessy I have found with your lordship befoir, I have takyne the baldnes to request your lordship, maist hertlye to dispeche him with diligence, that he may have his passport, because the terme apointid be the Kingis edict aprocheis neir, and I wald wichse him to retorne or the dait tharof expyrit. I vill not troble your lordship vith longer letter at theis tyme, bot craving I may remain always in your lordship's guid grace and favor, as I salbe ready to do your lorship the honor and plesor lyin in my pouer lefully." Kylsyt. Signed: 'J. Livingston of Kylsayt.'

1 p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

152. Sir Amias Powlet to Walsingham. [Oct. 3.] C.P., vol. XVI.

Sends unto him herewith this Queen's packet, which being delivered by Nau, told him he was glad to see it directed according to the prescribed order. He [Nau] said his mistress had written two or three words unto him, but her letters to her majesty, the Lord Treasurer, and all her other French letters were inclosed in a packet to the French ambassador.

Immediately upon receipt of his letters of the 26th of last month, took order for the stay of felling of wood at Chartley.

Prayed Mr. Darell to repair to Mr. Giffard's house, from whom he learns that the house is well situated with many good lodgings, but that it is small and possesses only a tiny brewhouse, and there is no common brewhouse in the town.

The house is very well furnished, which is an important matter; but he does not know how to overcome the difficulty of the brewhouse. Tutbury. Signed: A. Poulet.

2¼ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

153. Gabriel Denis to Mary. [Oct. 4.] C.P., vol. XVI.

[Ciphers of No. 154.]

1¹/8 pp. Indorsed by Thomas Phelippes.

154. Gabriel Denis to Mary. [Oct. 4.] C.P., vol. XVI.

1st letter.

The last letters that he had from her majesty were dated the 21st of January 1585; since which he had written to her on the 1st of July and the 18th of August. Has forborne to continue writing, partly in respect of her troubles, and partly because of the restraint of [ ] (fn. 1) who was wont to carry his letters unto her. Lately however has received instructions from [ ] (fn. 1) to direct his letters to "Mr. T." Would be glad to know the Queen's pleasure as to the means of convoy, and if his writing would bring any harm to her.

At the beginning of July last the Governor of this country recommended the affairs of England to the King of Spain. Brussels.

[Oct.]

2nd letter. [Oct. ]

Wrote to her on the 14th [4th] of October only to signify the desire he has to serve her.

Last week a letter came from an Italian captain to the King of Spain residing on the frontiers of Gueldres, directed to the English gentlemen entertained here, giving them to understand that there was in his castle a young Englishman who pretended to be son to the Queen of England and the Earl of Leicester.

With those letters came "a large discourse" of six sheets of paper from the said young man, addressed also to them in general, by which —it was filled with many impertinences and frivolous discourses—he boldly pretends to be son to the Queen of England.

His proofs thereof are but slender, saying he was brought up by one Sowthern, who received him at Hampton Court at the hands of one Mrs. Harington, who afterwards confessed that he was son to the Queen by the Earl of Leicester.

He was brought up by Sowthern as his own child, favoured by one Ashley sometime guard of the Queen of England's jewels. Growing to be a man he departed from his supposed father without leave, travelled into France, and on returning home was instructed by Sowthern what he was. "Which point yet he uttereth slenderly confirmed."

He protests to be catholic, and that he has written like letters to the bishop of Cologne and the pope.

He says he was at the Camp last summer, and there practised the delivery of a town in Gueldres to the King of Spain.

By intelligence he said he had with an English captain, he never discovered himself to challenge or take upon himself the person that now he does.

Cannot perceive that his estate is other than that of a private soldier.

1¹/8 pp. Copies. Indorsed. No flyleaf.

155. Edward Wotton to Lord Scrope. [Oct. 4.]

"It maie please your lordeshippe, yt ys here reported that the Kinges majestie intendeth about the 20th of this present to go in person withe an armye against the Lorde Maxwell. Whereof I thought good aforehand to advertise your lordeshippe, to the intent that by your good direction the borderers of Englande maie be in a readynes to withstande all attemptes that maye happen."

And so resting at your lordshippes comanndement, I take my leave. Sterling. Signed: "Your lordship's at commanndment, Edwarde Wotton."

¼ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

156. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [Oct. 5.]

Is glad to understand from his letters dated the 28th of last month that, at length, matters are about to be settled; the sooner a resolution is put into execution, the better success it is likely to have.

The rumour of the raid against Maxwell about the 20th of this month continues to spread; it is not yet certain, however, whether the King will go himself or send a lieutenant; though the common opinion is that the King will undertake the journey himself.

Does not see how the King will be able to perform this, for though the custom of the country is that men shall serve on their own charges, yet they dislike it much, and will hardly be kept together unless they receive pay, which the King, at this time, cannot give them for lack of money.

Thinks it requisite that the lords should be here before that time in order to surprise Arran, who otherwise will be in arms with the King.

Is credibly informed that the Jesuits have been with Morton; what they have wrought with him, he does not know, but some Papists give out that he has promised to run the course of the Queen of Scots, when time shall serve, though now, for his own particular, because he hates Arran, he will perform to England what he has promised; if the matter is wisely managed Morton may be made to serve this present turn, and afterwards men can use him as they see cause.

Does not believe for his own part Morton will fail England as long as Arran lives. Considering there is a raid intended so near the Borders of England, thinks it wise that her majesty's subjects on the Borders should be ordered to be in readiness against that time, to which effect he has written to Lord Scrope.

Within the last two days the King has made Sir William Stewart one of the Privy Council.

Arran has ships on both coasts of this country. Therefore advises that English ships should stop all ships coming from Scotland, for some time or other they may light upon letters or persons worth having. An ambassador from France is expected daily here, and it is thought that he is already on his way.

Has written to the Lord Treasurer and to Leicester to request her majesty to recall him; beseeches him to concur with them.

Cannot do the Queen the service another might do, for he is thought the principal contriver of whatever happens contrary to the liking of the King. If the Queen would have good service done she must send a new minister to begin a new course, and one that will be gracious to the King. Is in greater danger than her majesty thinks, and therefore begs to be recalled. Stirling. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

2 pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed. Partly in cipher. Deciphered.

157. Thomas Morgan to Mary. [Oct. 5.] C.P. vol. XVI.

Has had many visitors of various nationalities during his undeserved captivity. Among others, was visited by one Gilbert Giffard a Catholic gentleman well known to him. His father is named John Giffard, a Staffordshire man of good family, but at present a prisoner in London for his religious views. The said John has a brother Robert living within ten miles of her place of captivity. These Giffards are kinsmen and friends to Francis and Thomas Throgmorton.

Thought it well to ask Gilbert Giffard to deal with his parents and his friends in her interests. He promised to put this in execution with care, so he hopes that he will show his good will and diligence in the cause. Giffard required his letters to her majesty in order that she might give him credit, and a means to enter into intelligence with her.

Has been in hand with the bearer to place some honest gentleman and woman to serve her host and hostess, whereby her service may be the better advanced. He is also instructed to haunt the market towns adjoining the place of her residence, to see whether he may thereby find any of her people.

Has dealt with him to see whether he can place himself to serve her host; this he will attempt, yet his coming from these parts will be suspicious in the sight of the watchful and curious. His uncle Robert above named is acquainted with her host in this country.

Has therefore instructed the bearer to persuade his uncle to visit him, and to renew with him their former acquaintance, whereby some familiarity may be drawn between them, under colour of which something may fall out to her majesty's advantage.

Commends himself to Curll and his wife and sister, and to Monsieur Nau.

Begs her majesty to recommend his case to all her friends and ministers.

Begs also her special recommendation to the Duke of Guise and to the bishop of Glasgow.

One Philips has great access to her host; if she uses him according to his former instructions, it may be that she will recover him to her service, but she should only use him at first in small matters.

Present commodity and promise of preferment will weigh much with him.

She should let him know that she has been well informed of him.

The said Gilbert is instructed how to send her letters to his hand.

2½ pp. In the hand of Mr. Phelippes. Indorsed by him: "Decifred, Phelippes." Addressed.

158. James VI. To Walsingham. [Oct. 6.]

"Richt trusty and welbelovit we greate you hartlie well. The berair heirof named Richard Briggis wes laitlie apprehended on the sey in cumpany of ane Capitane Daulton alias Goodgen and his complices notorious pyrattis and publick inymees to all natiouns, quhilk having committed greate cruelties, outrages and spoyles upon our gude subjects that usually frequentis the lawfull trade of merchandice in the realme of Englande, at last were taken, being overthrawen be sum our subjects, quhom of before thay had hurt and rubbed in maist injurious sort. And the maist part of the same pyrattis that wer brocht alyve in our realme, being found gilty of that mischevous trade of pyraccie and suffering there just deserved punisment thairfore be the order of law. This mannis condicioun being pieted and lamented as fallen in this calamitic and evill cumpany be accident, quhen he intended to have past in France for learning of the language therefter his late serving as secretary to Sir Hary Woddrington Knight Marsheal of Berwik, as be his testimony appeared, we moved of mercy pardoned the beraries lyff, and therupon have alsua thocht convenient to recommend him to yor favor (upon report of your former knawlege of him), that his honest and lawfull sutes herefter may be assisted be your credite and guidwill, the rather for our sake and request, sen he is now recovered, and in our opinion shall study in tyme cuming be honest and trew service to deserve weill quhatsoever complaintes have been maid of him, quherin we will think ye do us gude and acceptable plesur. Stirling. Signed: "Your loving friend James R."

¾ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

159. Edward Wotton To Walsingham. [Oct. 7.]

In his last letter informed him that Maxwell had sent certain articles to the King, whereof one was that liberty of conscience might be granted to him. Is now informed that Maxwell never knew of any such articles, and that it was a stratagem on the part of Arran and Sir William Stewart to cause disagreement between Maxwell and England.

It is certain, however, that such articles were presented to the King, both on account of his majesty's admissions and the fact that others saw them.

Yesterday the King sent unto him the inclosed heads desiring an answer to them.

He replied to the King that he could give no decided answer until he had informed her majesty and learnt her pleasure. However, he gave to the King his private opinion by way of discourse.

Touching the first, said that it was impossible for Lord Scrope and the rest of the Wardens to keep the loose and broken men on the Border from joining Lord Maxwell. His majesty had good proof of this last summer, when, contrary to Lord Scrope's will and commandment, diverse of the English Greames took part some with Maxwell and some with Johnstone, insomuch that Davy Maxwell, who lately escaped out of prison, was taken by some of the Greames who favoured Johnstone's party.

The King has also had experience how hard it is to control lawless men, by the conduct of his Highlanders, who have daily gone over to Ireland in great numbers in spite of his majesty's commands to the contrary. Nevertheless he does not doubt that Lord Scrope and the rest of the Wardens will do what they can to control the men under their charge.

Concerning the second, if by his rebels the King meant the Earls of Angus and Mar, they live in the most remote part of England from Lord Scrope, and therefore he cannot see why the King should suspect an invasion from them, or why Lord Scrope should answer for those not under his charge.

With regard to the third, said that the ancient wall built by the Emperor Adrian to separate the kingdoms is entirely defaced, and the countries lie open one to the other, as the daily incursions of the Scotch into England show.

It will be no less hard for Lord Scrope to stop the entry of the King's rebels and fugitives, than it is for him to stay the incursions which are ordinarily made by Scottish thieves dwelling near the Border.

Is fully persuaded, however, that neither the Lord Scrope nor the other Wardens will countenance the King's rebels.

Hears that the King is now determined not to go in person, but to send a lieutenant against the Lord Maxwell. It is thought that it will be hard for the King to find a nobleman who will undertake the charge; for Arran dare not, and the rest of the nobility will not be eager; so probably this raid will never take place.

It is believed that Arran will come to the court in four or five days, and that he will renounce the earldom of Arran and restore Hamilton to Lord Claud, who is to be recalled very shortly. Because he is a man of enterprise they will make their profit from him, and will oppose him to the faction of the Queen of England. Stirling. Signed: Edwarde Wolton.

2 pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

Inclosure with the same.

(Requests submitted by James VI. to Elizabeth.)

"To shaw my lord ambassador our resolution taken, to pas shortlie ourself in person, God willing, toward the West Borders of our realm for repressing of the insolence and tressonable procedingis of the Lord Maxwell, quhilk we have so lang diffeirit in hope to have recoverit that maist ingrate man, now uttering hymself to be the instrument and executor of the tressonable devises of our rebelles, to the disturbance of our estate and the publick peac betwix bayth the realmes. That thiarfore my lord ambassador so far as in hym lyis will lett us understand, as alsua that he will write to the Lord Scrope, Lord Wardenne of the West Marche of England foranent our realme, and uthers the wardanis and officiaris of our dearest suster the Queene of Englande on her borders; and be thair anser that wee maie have certaine and gude assurance be writing.

1. That no Inglismen sall joyne with the said Lord Maxwell or assist hym or his complices yet remaynyng in our realme.

2. That our rebelles remaynyng in Englande sall not be sufferit to returne or enter in our realme.

3. That sic uthers our rebellis and fugitives as we sall, God willing, prosequute in our expedition sall not be resset or interteynt in England." Undated.

½ p. Copy. No indorsement.

160. Extracts Of Letters From Paris. [Oct. 8.]

"Advertisements from Paris of the proceedings of the English practises."

C. P., vol. XVI.

August 11. That the opinion of the King of Scots is Papist, and whatsoever appearance there is to the contrary is policy, as the Jesuits sent there have advertised for a certainty.

He has ordinary intelligence and conference with the Duke of Guise by letters, with which Duke the Jesuits Dury and Hay had conference, before their departure for Scotland.

That the Princes of the league should invade England in the following winter. The Duke of Guise to come in person by way of Scotland, whence the King of Scots should bring his forces by way of England.

The Earl of Westmorland should invade the north upon the Westmorland side, bringing with him the two sons of the late Earl of Northumberland; he should have 10,000 men and 100,000 crowns appointed him.

Thomas Throgmorton should attack in the south, with Spanish forces; Charles Arundell the West, and the King of Spain in Ireland.

That the Earls of Cumberland and Rutland, the Lords Compton and Herbert and Sir Edward Herbert are friends to the Papists. That the Earls are working to be of the party, by Fortescue and Dryland, priests.

Charles Paget on going to England in the year before was to inform the Earl of Northumberland, now dead, of this resolution for the year past: he was sent by Allen and Parsons, who were the promoters of this invasion, Parsons having been in Spain about the same. Charles Paget was doubted, because having received letters from the Queen of Scots whereby he was willed to stay, as also a message from the Earl to the like effect, he concealed these, and proceeded on his journey. He is more suspected, because he is so great a dealer for Morgan, who is condemned for a spy on all sides.

The cause of the Earl of Arundel's going over was only known to Dr. Allen and Bridges alias Gratley.

The Papists on the other side are divided into two factions, the bishop of Ross, Charles Paget, Thomas Morgan, Thomas Throgmorton and some few priests upon the one side; Dr. Allen, Parsons and all the Jesuits with the rest of the gentlemen on the other side. Yet Dr. Allen plays on both hands. Thomas Throgmorton is rather with the Jesuits in some cases, who need him in the former conspiracy.

The French ambassador, Chateauneuf, was dealt with before his coming over by the English practisers on the other side, who promised to serve their turn in all enterprises to the uttermost, according to the directions given him. He will see their letters conveyed in the King's packet. They shall be delivered and receive answer at one James Taylor's, a grocer in Fleet Street.

August 25, 1585. Lord Morley has been asked by his mother to come over on account of the danger he runs of imprisonment, if he remains showing himself a Catholic. He has promised to come when she sends for him. One Hamner a gentleman, and Ithell a priest are sent from Paris to fetch him over; all things being ready they are to advertise Leuthrop his cousin, who lies ready with a ship to fetch him.

Henry Doune receives letters from Bridges alias Gratley.

September 5. That Allen and Parsons are gone to Rome to favour the invasion of England, and to sift Bateson the Jesuit, who had been in England, and to discredit some of the Cardinals, if they could, about the matters in which Aldred had dealt.

Charles Arundel charged to be an English spy, as it is thought, by Paget's means.

All the gentlemen were sent for and sworn to answer their knowledge.

Charles Arundel cleared and greatly accounted, because he was recommended by the Duke of Guise to the Pope as a fitting man to have the conduct of an army to invade England, the said Arundel having shown the Pope certain plots and grounds by which it could be performed.

October 18. The Jesuits sent word to France that they proceed according to their wishes in Scotland; that above 10,000 people were reconciled, and they expect daily increase, and also to get the King into their possession.

Thomas Throgmorton departed towards Genoa to meet Lord Paget.

1¾ pp. Indorsed: "A collection out of France, letters of divers matters."

161. Lord Claud Hamilton To Mary. [Oct. 8.] C.P., vol. XVI.

"Pleis your maiestie, albeit I heave writtin dyvers tymis unto your heiness sence my cominge of England, and last be your majestie's ambassadors moyene heir, yit being uncertain if ony of my letters hes cum in your heygnes' handis sic danger being now be ye the way; and heving farther comodite offerit be ane to me verie courtes Monsieur Fontane I could not omit at ye lest to let your maieste knaw quhat gudvell I have alwayes to be imployit in that quhilk may ony vay tend to your hienes releve and liberte, the same being the thing in this warld I mest ernestly wishe. And in this mentyme as my constant avating theiruppon meritis, having lost that support I had of ye Quene of Ingland and now destitut of all uther moyen of releiffe your maiestis onle exceptit, sa I am that gid hoip your hinnes sall se hewe respect theirto and cawis tak sic order theirwith as may be moost to your maiesties honor and the releif of my necessete." Paris. Signed: Claud Hamiltoun.

½ p. Holograph. Also address. Indorsed.

162. Sir Amias Powlet To Walsingham. [Oct. 9.] C.P., vol. XVI.

The Earl of Essex deals hardly with him to charge him with an unreasonable motion of a matter which he never made nor meant. He has excused himself by letter to his lordship, which he begs him to deliver and to speak for him. Tutbury. Signed: A. Poulet.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

163. Walsingham To Sir Amias Powlet. [Oct. 10.] C.P., vol. XVI.

Her majesty is pleased with the answer that he has made to Nau in the matter of the conveyance of his mistress' letters.

A daughter of one Mowbray, a laird of Scotland, is a suitor for a passport to repair to this Queen; her majesty is content to yield this although she had no foreknowledge of her coming.

But, for the prevention of any conveyance of letters, her majesty's pleasure is that he should so handle the matter that any of the Queen's women, who have leave to depart on her coming, may be removed to some other place before her arrival.

Is glad that he finds Mr. Giffard's house so suitable for the Queen of Scots, especially as the Earl of Essex seems so unwilling to let her have the use of his.

Her majesty also wishes him to discover what well affected gentlemen live near, who may be used on a sudden occasion.

Touching the smallness of the brewhouse, he does not see how it can be helped; but what beer cannot be provided might be brewed at the nearest market towns; if this is impossible, order must be taken for the building of a new brewhouse.

To avoid the straightness of room, partitions can be put up in the barns and outhouses.

Mauvisière at his departure left him 190l. for the Queen of Scots, which will be delivered to him.

1½ pp. Draft. Indorsed.

164. Requests by Mary to Burleigh. [Oct. 10.] C.P., vol. XVI.

Memorial for my Lord High Treasurer. Firstly, that it may please him by interchange to cause to be delivered here the money which M. de Walsingham lately received from Monsieur de Malvissière for the Queen of Scotland.

Further, to accommodate the said Queen by some of the receivers of this neighbourhood, or such other means as he shall find more fitting, to the extent of a sum of two thousand crowns, which shall be paid by letters at sight to the ambassador of England resident in France, by her majesty's treasurer, to whom an order to this effect shall be promptly expedited and sent.

Moreover, to establish for the future some certain and settled order for the interchange of the two thousand pounds sterling which the said Queen has to send for hither every year, both for herself and for her officers, and especially to determine by whom that sum is to be received, on what terms, and upon what writs or other assurances, so that no mistake or delay may occur.

Done at the castle of Tutbury.

½ p. French. In Mary's hand. Indorsed: "Remembrances for y^e Scottish Quene."

165. Walsingham to Edward Wotton. [Oct. 11.]

Her majesty finds, by a letter lately received from Lord Scrope that there is small likelihood of the delivery of Farnyhurst, though he be found guilty of the breach of the peace and the murder of Lord Russell; and therefore does not think it compatible with her honour to continue a minister in Scotland if they refuse to yield her that satisfaction. Therefore, immediately upon the receipt of any such refusal, the Queen wishes him to withdraw and repair to Berwick.

It is thought meet that he should first acquaint the King with the cause of his withdrawal.

½ p. Copy. Indorsed.

Copy of the same.

166. [ ] to [ ]. [Oct. 11.]

"From by Northe the 11th October 1585."

The Earl of Arran and his friends would have taken arms long before this time and discharged the English ambassador with the King's consent, but that he had intelligence of the proceedings of England as often as the English ambassador had.

Arran and Lord Claud Hamilton are agreed, and he is shortly to return to Scotland, to repossess his former position with the King, and Arran's favour.

The Jesuits and the seminaries now resident in Scotland have moved Arran to procure the King to enter into the Holy League with the King of France. The Jesuits have great hopes of bringing it to pass by Arran's means, in whom they repose great confidence.

The King will not be known to do or hear anything to the contrary or dislike of the Queen of England's allegiance; it would put him further from his right and intended purpose until time and opportunity serve better.

The friends of Huntly, Crawford, Glencairn, Montrose and Atholl are ready to be employed as Arran and the Jesuits shall determine. Mr. James Gordon and Holt being Jesuits have lately come from the Earl of Huntly to Arran and held conference with him at Kinneill, and from thence they have gone to Lord Maxwell, where they are at present, to intreat him to lay down his arms, assuring him of pardon and the King's favour if he will not join with the rebels in England.

They are expected to return to Lady Seton's house on the 21st of this month, where other Jesuits await their coming with letters from the French ambassador in England and other friends there. Colonel Stewart and Sir Robert Melville are thought to be at that convention, and Sir John Seton, Arran's friend.

Farnihurst will not be delivered into England; the King has lately augmented his living.

The enmity between Sir John Forster and Farnihurst and William Carr his cousin is so great at present that Sir John will not suffer the Queen's tenants of Liddisdale and Liddale to take away their goods, but detains them in prison for so doing.

The Borders are so disturbed and weak men on our side so spoiled by forays that it can scarcely be credited.

2 pp. Indorsed: "Scottishe advertisementes."

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 356, b.

Copy of the same.

167. Edward Wotton to James VI. [Oct. 12.]

Begs to be forgiven for having departed to Berwick, where he is awaiting the Queen his sovereign's further pleasure for the service in hand.

The causes which have moved him to depart are three in number; first, his own health, whereof he begins to have some mistrust. Secondly, the determination of his majesty to enter upon the intended raid, in which his [Wotton] attendance may well be spared. Thirdly, the necessity of a conference with Lord Scrope while he still remains at Berwick.

Nevertheless he would have put aside his own particular affairs, if it had been her majesty's desire for him to remain, and would have ignored the insolent treatment he had received at Court, if the causes above mentioned had not augmented his desire.

His only care is that his majesty should not be offended at his sudden departure, and for that cause has thought it his duty to desire his highness to accept his excuses, and to believe that next the Queen his mistress he has his majesty's service most at heart. If therefore it pleases his highness to forgive him for not having waited for his return he will be exceedingly grateful to him, in hope of which he writes.

1¼ pp. Indorsed: "A coppie of Mr. Wotton's letter to the King of Scottes excusing his repayre to Barwicke."

168. Edward Wotton to Burghley. [Oct. 12.]

Directly upon the receipt of his letter sent by Mr. Carvell, sent Mr. Milles to the Court to discover the King's pleasure for answer thereto, who addressing himself to the Master of Gray asked that he might have an immediate answer. The King, when the Master approached him, seemed to be much moved at the peremptoriness of the demand contained in his [Burghley's] letter, and said that it was as much as if they had sent to know whether he would have war or peace. Nevertheless in his answer he said that he had given absolute power to his Commissioners to deliver up Farnihurst if he should be found guilty; but if the matter falls out so that it cannot be tried in any ordinary court, it will be seen what he will do to satisfy the Queen, if so required.

An answer was made to the King that Farnihurst was plainly convicted "notarietas facti" [sic], and that therefore it was needless to examine the matter "per notarietatem juris" [sic]. To this it was answered again that, though the fact was apparent, yet it was still in question who did the deed, whether a Scotchman or an Englishman.

After Mr. Milles's return, the King sent to him [Wotton] Mr. George Young to signify his great desire to satisfy her majesty, and requested an extract of the words of his [Burghley's] instructions inserted in his letter, in order to compare them with the words and form of his commission, pretending some contradiction. The King seems to be in perplexity, and for the present this is the only answer he can get thereto wherewith he thought meet to despatch this bearer to him. Stirling. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

Soon after Mr. George Young was despatched with a paper signed by the King's hand as an appendix or complement of the former commission.

Whereupon they were advertised from the opposite Commissioners that they had received further instructions from the King, and that they required a meeting on Saturday the 16th of this month. At which time, protesting the King's sincerity, they showed the said paper, but refused to grant a copy of the same.

The effect was this, namely, that if Farnihurst was found guilty of the murder by premeditated intent, then they were to deliver him up, or any other person in the realm, even though it were the Lord Chancellor himself.

Nevertheless this paper omitted what had been authorised to be enquired upon, namely, the breach of the peace, which is the chief point on which Farnihurst was charged, and for which the said paper directs no delivery. They probably grounded this upon the treaty, concluding that peace shall not end until war is declared under the great seal, and admitting no difference between ending and violating. Yet they give authority to enquire into a breach of the common peace, intending possibly to distinguish between the common peace and the truce.

2 pp. Indorsed: "The Scottish King's answer to the Commissioners demand, sent by George Yong."

169. Angus and Mar to Walsingham. [Oct: 14.]

"Pleis your honor we wald haif maid this request at divers tymis befor bot that we fand this particulewer assured in himself of your honors good mynd toward him querin we haif takin occasion for the gret cair we haif of his weldoing to recommend him to your honors good remembrance, as one quho for his honest mynd and deutifull reverence to hir majestie and cuntre hathe rather chosin a chargabill absens then wyth commodite to haif remained quher he suld heir and see thingis displesunt and insufferabill. If he wer unknawn to your honour, if we thot that your honour nedethe gret intrety on his behoef we wald imploy our hoill credeit for him as one quhom we understand to be werey trusty and honest; bot theis few wordis we trust will suffise in respect of the good partis that ar in him and of ye assurance that he hes alredy of your favor. Thus alvay craving pardon for our boldnes we humly tak or leif, committing your honor to Goddes blessed protection." At Woddrington the 14th of October 1585. Signed: Angus and Mar.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

170. Edward Wotton to Elizabeth. [Oct. 15.]

"Sacred majesty, the care I have of your majesties honor in the service in hande, hath given occasion to retyre meeself unto this towne, though somewhat extraordinarily, the tyme not giving me leave to attend your highnes pleasure. For of two extremities I was forced, and that somewhat hastely, to choose the one, either by abiding to hasarde the cause and meeself, or by retiring to make a defaulte; upon which groundes I have written more largely to Mr. Secretary, by whome it may please your majesty to be further infourmed, and in gratious sorte to construe of my service, in that I have chosen rather to caste meeself into your highnes handes and mercy, then by my longer abode in those partes to have drawen on a further inconvenience and mischeef, both to meeself and others, and no small hasarde of the service presently in hande. Thus moste humbly on my knees craving the continuance of your majesties gratious favour towards me, wich is more deere to me then the whole worlde beside, I conclude this with beseeching Almighty God to graunte your highness a glorious victory over all your enemies." Berwick. Signed: "Your majesties poore but faithful slave, Edwarde Wotton."

1 p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

171. Sir Amias Powlet to Walsingham. [Oct. 15.] C.P., vol. XVI.

By his former letters, he desired him to view Chartley and Tixall, the houses of the Earl of Essex and Sir Walter Aston, which he did accordingly. By a later letter he also wrote that he should cause a view to be taken of Mr. Giffard's house, the account of which view has been certified to him.

Has taken care to inform himself touching the state of the country and the neighbouring people. Finds that the best affected in religion are Sir Walter Aston, Mr. Bagot, Mr. Gresley and a few others, who all live some ten miles from Mr. Giffard's house; only Mr. Lettleton, a very honest religious gentleman, lives within three or four miles.

Mr. Giffard has two brothers near neighbours to his house, one of them rich and of good credit in the shire, and both of them backward in religion, so the said house seems to be barren of good neighbours.

The strength of the house leaves much to be desired, the windows of one side lying open to the fields, and the windows of the other side, where the Queen would be lodged, open on the garden.

If the Queen should only remain a short time it would be possible to guard her, but the house is not fitted for a lengthy stay. To build a new brewhouse will take a long time, and when it is finished the days will be short for carriage. Moreover, there is not enough water to work so large a brewhouse.

Prayed the Queen that she would remain at the Castle during the winter, as no better place could be found.

Also offered to give up the large dining chamber in which he dined.

She refused his offer, and said that she would remain and die in her own bad lodging, and that her death would be imputed to the authors thereof; using many other bitter words, whereof she is no niggard.

Her anger proceeded not so much from her dislike concerning her removal, but from the fact that she had received no answer to her last letters from the new French ambassador; complaining that she may not send her letters into France by the means of the French ambassador, as in times past, together with her old griefs touching the Countess of Athol and Fontenay.

She also spoke against her son, because she learnt that he had of late received from her majesty six couples of bloodhounds. Did what he could to appease her, especially as she was lying sick in bed. She imputes her illness to the place, but in truth she was ill when she came.

Curll is about to marry Mowbray, one of the Queen's gentlewomen, to whom he has been long affianced.

Will speak with the receiver of the Duchy concerning the money resting in his hands for the Queen.

Has not yet received the copy of the Queen of Scots' passionate letter to the French ambassador, which was supposed to have been inclosed to him.

Thanks him for the French advertisements, which he returns herewith.

The Queen is closely guarded, but it is possible that she may convey letters through her laundresses.

Trusted to have received Mr. Bagot's letters of assistance before now; which he desires greatly, because if the Queen should desire to ride abroad he may not be able to ride with her.

Nau interceded with the Queen for him, but to no effect. Tutbury. Signed: A. Powlet.

5¼ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

172. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [Oct. 15.]

Sir, I attended with great hope, as matters grew to a head by Mr. Milles return, to have received my revocation. Failing in this I found myself in great perplexity, being engaged between two extremities of danger and displeasure, danger both to myself and to the cause.

For I was informed that upon the lords coming down—whereof there have been sundry rumours—the King intended to have seised me here, under pretence of taking me on his raid against Maxwell, promising security to himself through my means. On the other hand I dreaded her majesty's displeasure, which I respected more than the danger to myself, if the cause also had not stood in jeopardy.

I decided to retire to the town of Berwick, seising upon such opportunity as would give the least offence.

I humbly beg your honour to lay the causes of my retreat before her majesty in the best possible light. Berwick. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

¾ p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

173. Sir Amias Powlet to Walsingham. [Oct. 18.] C.P., vol. XVI.

Last evening Nau brought him a packet, in which he said was only a letter to the ambassador, and one to Cherelles, praying him to convey them without delay.

Told him that he had despatched a messenger the day before, whereof he was not ignorant, and trusted to have answer shortly, praying him to forbear until his next despatch.

Thought good to tell Nau that the matter of the Queen's lodging would be thoroughly resolved on, and the answer returned before the ambassador might have access to her.

All this could not stay her, so to avoid a further quarrel he sent on the packet. The Queen will use any device to secure her liberty.

Has sent for the 190l. due to this Queen, which are to be paid on the 9th of the next month. Tutbury. Signed: A. Powlet.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed.

174. Manner of Proceeding against Farnyhurst. [Oct. 19.] Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 349.

1. The matter is so notorious to all men both of England and Scotland, there assembled, to prove the discontented mind of Sir Thomas Carr by some occasion lately before appearing in his letter to the Earl of Arran; to prove also his assembling immediately afterward with great force and tokens of evil meaning, otherwise than at any time before, with his own ensign, drum, and fife, officers and servants, the most part of his power there assembled, manifest in the assault; his chase of the English on English ground; the taking of a great number of the said Englishmen prisoners, as well in the same chase as in the presence of Sir Thomas, having his sword drawn in his hand at the time of the said disorder, and the rest of the defendants in the bill named openly in the same chase or in some apparent act as assisters in the same disorder; so that all circumstances before declared well considered, are matter sufficient to prove the said Sir Thomas Carr and the other defendants and their accomplices to be offenders to the breach of the treaty and peace, murders, taking prisoners, spoils and all other disorders then and there committed, as in the same bill is alleged, and for the same to be immediately declared, as in like cases of less importance has before been used upon the Borders.

2. If this notorious "apparencie" be not sufficient, then for better proof, it appears by the answer exhibited to the said bill, that the chief matters alleged in the said bill are not in any part denied, and therefore as it were confessed, saving that they maintain the assembling of their power to be lawful and accustomed, which in the chief and principal points we deny, and that they excuse their offences alleged in the said bill by the beginning of the first break being with us, which we also deny, or if it were true, do not allow for a sufficient defence. Therefore we think the matter sufficient to condemn the defendants without any further trial.

3. If neither their notorious "appearancie" and not denying of the causes in the said bill alleged are sufficient, by trial then we offer to prove by English witnesses, men of good fame and credit, undetected of any discredit or corruption, allowable by the civil law and law of the nations, without which witnesses allowed it may as well be said there is no trial or law for the correcting of so great an offence, considering there is no subject by the same laws allowed against his own Prince, sovereign or master, and so no witnesses or trial at all to be allowed if our English witnesses be denied—an example odious for so great an offence to allow no trial, law or correction.

4. If these be not sufficient proof, and our English witnesses are not allowed, yet we doubt not that the defendants themselves will or can deny upon oath that which is sufficient to prove a breach of the treaty and assurance, so that by the ordinary and accustomed laws the matter alleged by their answers ought to be no defence or excuse, but the said Sir Thomas Carr and others in the bill named, with so many of their accomplices there assembled by the said Sir Thomas Carr as shall seem good to her majesty, ought to be demanded or delivered and answerable for all the offences then and there committed.

5. If none of these ways be allowed, her majesty, being fully persuaded the matters against the said defendants are true, requires by some way of redress to be so satisfied as may be to the honour of her majesty, and good example in like cases done, after that by some good device of the commissioners, such order be set down by them as well for a due course of trial as for the punishment of all like offences hereafter committed at such meetings and assemblies, as the King's majesty intends the continuance of the peace and amity to be concluded.

2¼ pp. Extract.

175. Sir Edward Stafford to [ ]. [Oct. 20.] Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 350.

Extract of letters.

1. That Haggerston, a Scot, was sent into Scotland, either to procure that the King should steal away into France or Spain, or make some stir there, contrary to his promise to her majesty, so that for fear of the same she should not send forces into the Low Countries. For this purpose Haggerston received certain money being in crowns from the Spanish ambassador.

2. That upon advertisement from the French ambassador here that her majesty had despatched the Scottish lords to the Borders and sent 5000 men into Scotland, those of the league would thereby have taken an advantage to persuade the King that it touched him in honour to look into it, in respect of the ancient league between England and Scotland.

½ p. Copy.

176. Lord Scrope, Sir John Selby, and William Bowes to [Walsingham]. [Oct. 21.] Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 363.

Since their last letter, the answer her majesty's ambassador received from the King to the absolute demand required by them to be made of Farnyhurst, has been made known to him by Lord Scrope's letter and Mr. Milles' report. It was in effect that he had given absolute authority to his commissioners as himself to deliver Farnyhurst if he were found guilty. But if the demand was that he should do it as a matter of courtesy or favour, extraordinarily, if the matter were too intricate to be tried by any ordinary course, was another question, and it should be seen what he would do to satisfy the Queen, when he should be required.

Afterwards, Mr. George Young was despatched with a paper signed by the King and his Council as an appendix of the former commission. Thereupon were advertised from the opposite commissioners of their further instructions, and that they required a meeting on the 16th instant. At that time, protesting the King's good disposition, they showed them the said paper. The effect was this,—that if Farnyhurst on trial or lawful proofs being had was found guilty of the murder of Lord Russell or breach of the peace after assurance given of his precogitated intent, he should be delivered up with any person found guilty in his realm, though it were the Lord Chancellor.

They offered to proceed in their former manner of trial, being better authorised. Answered by the reasons before delivered, that as the notoriousness of the fact—expressed in the consideration leading them, and their offer of sufficient proof to justify their allegation on behalf of her majesty—had before induced them to demand Farnyhurst and his accomplices to be delivered as apparently guilty, and as they themselves had deferred the answer thereof till they knew the King's further pleasure, so if they would now by their new authority make delivery, they were ready to receive accordingly.

This they denied to do before lawful trial. Replied that besides the apparent fact, if they required their further proofs they were ready to join with them in proceeding. Here they travelled as in a circle, with fruitless recital of what was said before. Were charged with the delay yesterday, Lord Herries seeming as though he was to make his repair to the King to signify so much to him, but another reason was, he said, the entry of the King's rebels into the realm.

Await his good pleasure for further direction, according to their former letters. Berwick. Signed: H. Scrope. John Selby. Willm Bowes.

1¼ pp. No flyleaf or address.

177. Patrick Quhytlaw of Newgrange to [William Bowes]. [Oct. 21.] Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 364.

"At zour being in the north countrie I had not the moyen to speak with your worschip, but hes writtin twyse to zow sence my depairtour and never resavit anie letter againe, whiche I attribut to incertaintie off berars. Our banissit nobilmen ar com to Kelso apon the 15 off this instant, efter som dealing with Bothwell. He hes subscryvit the band: sa hes the Lord Home and Codenknowes: others also that ar freynds. Bot our lords lyis never ane night in yer bed, bot ar in diverse parts apointing dyet with yer freynds. The abats and gentilmen that ar heir at Twedmowth ar advertised to be in redines at the nixt letter yat we resaiff. The King is at Streling as we heir, and the Master of Gray with him. The Arrant erle is still at Kynneill, and his brother Sir William Stewart hes intromettit with the embassadour's servants and guids, and tane thame captives and his haill servants sex or vij in nomber, as we ar informit. We luke for honest dealing with the Master Gray and some other courteours. I am in hope yat all things sall, God willing, succeid to zour and our contentment. Alwais I am glaid that Mr. Witton hes found no better dealing in our court nor ye zour selff fand."

"The proclamatioun that was maid to haif passit on the Lord Maxuell upon the 22 off this instant is continewit to ye nixt moneth, sa yat be God's grace our turne wilbe at som guid point afore that day. It is mair nor a moneth sen I send my man into Scotland to speak with the man that ze wat off, bot he is not as zit returnit; whairof I mervell. As he returnis zour worship salbe advertised of yat purpose. The pest hes wrakkit Edinburgh sa that yer ar ma nor ix thousand peple dead in it. It is in Dondie and Saintandrois, sa yat our enemies can not weill haif soldarts nor help out off the burghes. The Erle of Arroll is dead, and sen his departour the King hes send and brokin up his house off Logie Amount, and borrowit owt of it ten or xij thowsand punds Scottis yat was lyand thair."

"As for thir Bordour maters, zour nevo I think hes advertised zow yeroff. Alwais Farneherst will not be delyvered, and the Lord Hereis the chieff of ye Scotteis commissioners is riddin hame. I see litle redres to be maid for the tressonable murther of the Lord Russell. Bot quhen Scotland maks this countrie sik falts, they overluke it our lang, or ellis forzettis it. The comming of our lords in this countrie was discovered on the morne be a man yat hes moyen in this Bordour and is over bissie in our contrare. I pray zow commend my service to Mr. Secretarie, to zour bedfellow and all freynds." Tweedmouth. Signed: Patrik Quhytlaw off Newgrange.

1 p. Holograph. No flyleaf or address.

178. Receipt by Gilbert Curll and Barbara Moubray. [Oct. 23.]

We Gilbert Curll, one of the secretaries of the Queen of Scotland, dowager of France, and Barbara Moubray one of her majesty's ladies in waiting, this day contracted by marriage, confess and acknowledge, according to that which is generally stated by our contract of this said day, that we have had and received from Monsieur Nau, councillor and secretary of state and of the finances of her said majesty, the sum of two thousand crowns of the sun, whereof it has pleased her majesty to make us a gift in favour of our said marriage, as appears by her writ hereupon sent, dated the [ ] day of the month of [ ] in the year one thousand five hundred and eighty four. And by this means we have acquitted, and do acquit her said majesty of her said gift, together with all the promises which she may have made to us on this account.

We have yielded and transferred, and do yield and transfer the said gift to the said Sieur Nau, with all the rights, dues and actions which for this cause might belong and appertain unto us, promising to deliver or cause to be delivered to the said Sieur Nau, as soon as may be, the said writ and all other despatches hereupon made, in order that by virtue thereof he may take all such courses as may be needful for his reimbursement. And to this effect we will and consent that the acquittance of the said Sieur Nau serve towards the treasurer of her majesty present or to come as our own, and have the same force and virtue elsewhere wheresoever it shall appertain. In witness whereof we have signed the present. Tutbury Castle, 2 Nov. 1585. Witnesses, Andrew Melvill, her majesty's Master of the Household, and Sebastian Megalli her almoner.

½ p. French. Holograph. Four signatures.

179. Sir Amias Powlet to Walsingham. [Oct. 26.] C.P., vol. XVI.

Remembers that, in perusing the letters touching this Queen which were delivered from her majesty the last time that he was at court, he found that this lady had made sundry motions for liberty to exercise the Romish religion. Also believes that her majesty told him that she would have no more marrying in the Scottish family on account of nurses, midwives and children.

Thought right to advertise that one of the Queen's Frenchmen, called a reader, is suspected of being a priest; he has been heard to read in the Latin tongue and to be answered in the same language. It may not be doubted hereafter of what profession he is, being evident by many manifest presumptions that Curll was married to Mowbray on the 24th of this present.

Thinks that no known Popish priest should be allowed to dwell within the gates. Tutbury. Signed: A. Powlet.

1½ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

180. Sir Amias Powlet to Walsingham. [Oct. 26.] C.P., vol. XVI.

The packet sent herewith was delivered this last evening late in the night to the post, with charge to take his journey early in the morning; but before the opening of the gates he received his dated the 23rd of this present, and therefore thought good to stay the messenger until upon the perusing of the French letters he might consider if any matter therein required speedy advertisement. The said letters come only from the ambassador, the ambassador's wife, Cherelles, and the ambassador's secretary; whereof he found nothing worthy of note save the minute inclosed. Cherelles makes mention that the French King has reduced his edict touching the Huguenots from six months to fifteen days. It appears also from Cherelles letter that Nau has written to him for a new servant, and that he is to crave his passport for him. Trusts that he [Walsingham] will not be hasty.

This Queen has not yet made him acquainted with the coming of Mrs. Mowbray, or that any suit has been made for her passport, but if she comes he will take every precaution.

Has sent for Mr. Bagot to consult with him how it may be possible to prevent the cutting down of Lord Essex's wood.

Will do everything he possibly can to spare the same. Tutbury. Signed: A. Powlet.

1½ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

181. Sir Amias Powlet To Walsingham. [Oct. 27.] C.P., vol. XVI.

Upon conference yesterday with this Queen she told him that she never intended to dismiss any of her serving women, which she now has, and that she desired to have the Scottish gentlewoman lately arrived, in the place of one of those which were granted to her long since, as she says, from France.

She, therefore, finds this motion very strange. Prays his speedy direction in the matter. Forgot in his letters of yesterday to signify to him that Cherelles writes to Nau that it pleased him to do him the honour (as he calls it), in the delivery of this Queen's packet to the French ambassador, to leave his letters unopened, or at the least those which were inclosed in his letters, seeming to stand in some doubt whether his own letters were opened or not. Takes this to be advertised to no other purpose than to give boldness to Nau to send unto him hereafter letters of moment inclosed in his letters under base titles, upon trust to have the freer passage. Is not ignorant that his [Walsingham's] great business will not permit him to attend to these trifles, yet thinks it necessary to deliver his plain opinion in order to keep the people in good order that all their letters are perused.

Sends these letters to him by Mr. Eaton's servant, who is thoroughly to be trusted.

Would be glad to receive from him the copy of this Queen's passionate letter, which he has often promised, but seems to have forgotten.

It is now manifest that Curll was married on Sunday last, and that the Queen said nothing to him about it.

The great hope which the Queen has conceived of the success of her kinsmen in France has increased her courage greatly; and this little advertisement from Cherelles of the short term given by the French King to the Huguenots there is no doubt very acceptable to her.

She fails not at every conference with him to speak of the French troubles, wherein she speaks so hardly of the King of Navarre and his party that he has to answer her as plainly.

She says that a sharp war is necessary, and that her kinsmen will not spare themselves. Tutbury. Signed: A. Powlet.

1½ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

182. Sir John Carmichael, Laird of Carmichael, to Lord Scrope. [Oct. 28.] Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 366.

Has received his letter desiring to be advertised touching their proceedings.

Came to Kelso where the noblemen drew their forces together. Being in Kelso on Sunday, were advertised that the "Krowner" [Colonel Stewart] was come from Stirling to Peebles that night with two or three hundred horse and intended to reach Jedburgh, being on his journey. Prevented him and took Jedburgh before he might come, and he was constrained to retire back to Peebles. Thereafter he went back to Stirling, where he could get no great forces.

Intends to march on the 28th instant, and the Lords Hamilton and Maxwell march the same day, intending to meet him on the 29th at Hamilton, and pass forward thence as occasion serves.

Has a number of good men, and would have more if they had more money to "lyst" them. Considers it would be well if her majesty would support them, as if they go back she will have fewer friends in the country. Atholl, Marishal, and the Master of Gray are in the field in the north to assist them. The King has no forces as yet nor any appearance of any to come to him, so hopes that matters will go well.

If he had bearers would advertise him from time to time. So "mekill" for this present, until further occasion. Jedburgh. Signed: Carmychell.

1 p. No flyleaf, address, or indorsement.

183. Disposition of Scottish Nobles towards England. [Oct. 30.]

Soundly affected.—The Lord of Arbroath, the Earl of Angus, the Earl of Mar, the Earl Marishal.

Affected.—The Earl Bothwell, the Earl Atholl.

Neutral.—The Earl Morton, the Earl Glencairn, the Earl Rothes.

Well affected.—Lord Hume, the Laird of Cesford, the Master of Glammis, the Carrs, the Humes.

Enemies.—Montrose, Huntly, Crawford.

By the procuration of Arran.—Earl of Angus, Earl of Mar, the Master of Glammis, conspirators against the King's person.

He charged also Drumwhassel, who was executed.

1 p. In Walsingham's hand. Indorsed: "The disposition of certeine of the lords in Scotlande."

Cott. calig., C. VIII., fol. 368.

Copy of the same.

184. Scottish Nobles well Affected to England. [Oct. 30.]

"The names of the heades presentlye entering into the action in Scotland."

The Earls and others:

The Earl of Angus, the Earl of Atholl, the Earl of Mar, the Earl of Gowrie, the Master of Glammis.

"The names of such as wil be helpers after the action begone and which be nowe in soliciting."

The Earl of Marishal, the Earl of Bothwell, the Lord Lindsay, the Laird of Cesford, the Laird of Cowdenknowes.

"The names of suche as have geven consent eyther to joyne, or eles not to hynder the action."

The Earl of Argyll, the Earl of Rothes, Lord Forbes, Lord Oliphant, and many other great barons.

"The Laird of Bowdenheath younger sonne to the Lord Boyd redye with his forces, who will eyther gett the Erles Glencairne and Eglenton into the action, or at least to hold back and do no hurt."

1 p. Indorsed: "Names of ye nobilitye in Scotland."

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 368, b.

Copy of the same.

185. Scottish Nobles Friendly to England or France. [Oct. 30.]

Earl of Huntly, Earl of Morton, Lord Claude Hamilton, Earl of Crawford, Earl of Erroll (Arrell), Lord Montrose, the late Earl of Arran, Laird of Doune, Colonel Stewart, Sir Robert Melville, old Lord Seton's sons, Laird of Fentry—all for France.

The Secretary, doubtful.

Earl of Angus, Earl of Mar, the Master of Gray for England.

1 p. Indorsed: "A note showinge howe certeine of the nobylitie of Scotland are affected."

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 368.

Copy of the same.

186. Scottish Nobles well Affected to France. [Oct. 30.]

"A note of suche noblemen and gentelmen in Scotlande that be affectioned to Fraunce recevers and maynteyners of the enemyes to God and enemyes to our prynce as here foloweth."

The Earl of Arran, the Earl of Montrose, the Lord Secretary. "For the north part of Scotland about Aberdeen," the Earl of Huntly, the Earl of Huntly's brother, a Jesuit, the Earl of Crawford, the Laird of Fentry and his two sons, receivers of the Jesuits and of the money out of France, and payers to those that be practisers in Scotland; Lord Gray, the Laird of Doune, collector of Scotland; the Lord of Seton and his two brothers. "For the west part of Scotland at Ayr," the Lord of Ochiltree, the Earl of Arran's father; the Lord Mounteagle, otherwise called Montgomery; the Bishop of Glasgow, the Lord Herries (Harris), receiver of the Jesuits; the Lord Thornhurste [Farnyhurst].

¾ p. Indorsed: "This notte geven by Harey Giles of Sirhanton."

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 369.

187. The Allegations of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Murder of Francis, Lord Russell. [Oct.] State Papers, Dom. Edw. VI. vol. VI., add. fol. 104.

The said commissioners allege against Sir Thomas Carr, of Farnihurst, knight, William Carr, James Carr, Robert Carr, Andrew Carr, John Rutherford, David Moscropp and others, that the said Sir Thomas Carr their Warden of the Middle Marches of Scotland, with intent to cause a breach of the peace, assembled, on the 27th of July, a great number of Scottish subjects at a place called Cocklawe, and thereupon made an assault upon her majesty's subjects, and pursued them four miles into English ground; and not only did cruelly murder the said Lord Russell, but also took prisoner a great number of her majesty's servants, and robbed others of their goods.

Her majesty therefore demands redress.

All this the said commissioners are prepared, and demand an immediate examination to prove. Berwick. Signed: Henry Scrope, William Bowes, John Selby, Christopher Dacre.

The answer of the Lord Herries, James Hume, Alexander Hume, and Alexander Hume, commissioners appointed by King James to answer to the said allegations.

First, the matter implied no breach of the peace or laws of the Marches, for the Warden being a public person, can, with the consent of his sovereign, go accompanied by as many men as he pleases, armed or unarmed, and if there is any statute to the contrary let it be alleged.

Further, the English wardens repaired to the place in the same manner, but no question or quarrel was moved on that behalf.

Secondly, the alleged assault and invasion of her majesty's subjects by the assistance of the said Thomas Carr and his accomplices is founded on malice and felony on either part.

Thirdly, the breach of the peace, from which resulted the death of Lord Russell, was caused by an Englishman stealing certain goods from a Scottish merchant; he was presented to the wardens to be punished. Whereupon certain Englishmen joined together and drew their swords. Therefore the first breach was made by her majesty's subjects.

Fourthly, nothing was intended against the said Lord Russell, but the dolorous chance of his death was the result of the said disorder.

The King's commissioners bewail his unhappy death as of a nobleman who had so well deserved at his majesty's hands. Sir Thomas Carr loved him so that he would rather the blood of one of his own friends had been shed.

They are most willing to try and punish the author of so grievous a slaughter.

Fifthly, with regard to the taking of prisoners, the same is dependent on the question of the breach of the peace.

Witnesses shall be produced to support their statements.

Great care must be taken in the matter, because it would be dangerous in their weighty cause to grant anything whereby the liberty of Scotland might be endangered. Signed: Herries, James Hume, Alexander Hume of Hutton Hall, Alexander Hume.

8 pp.

[With No. 91.]

188. Friends to France. [Oct.]

"The names of such Scotishe lordes as desires to drawe course be France."

Huntly, Catholic, France. Claud Hamilton is both Catholic and for France. Morton and Lord Herries his cousin both Catholic and for France. Crawford for France. Arrell, both Catholic and for France. Arran, who was confessed of late to be Catholic and for France. Colonel Stewart for France. Montrose a favourer of the Queen of Scotland and for France. The Secretary lets the Queen's friends understand quietly that there is not one in the world whom he loves and honours as much as he does her. Sir Robert Melville in the same state, and for France. The Laird of Doune and the Earl of Murray his son likewise wish for the Queen and France. Lord Livingston, a special favourer of the Queen and a Catholic. The old Lord Seton's sons, Catholics and for France. Lord Atholl, Lord Hume and Restalrig [Lestarik], Catholics, but follow the Master of Gray. The Laird of Fentry, Catholic and for France. The most part of the others will be as the king would have them be: others follow the other lords, except Angus and Mar who are a faction themselves. As for Bothwell he is neither here nor there, and so are most of the others not named, who seek their own commodity.

1 p. Indorsed: "The names of the nobility of Scotland that are affected to France."

189. The Scottish Plot. [Oct.]

First, her majesty upon some apt occasion to signify to the King, the care she has of the safety of his person, and to offer her advice for the good government of his house in an honourable manner, and of his revenues and expenses.

To offer support, if his state shall be found needy and decayed.

The said support to be performed, but with time to avoid contention in the nobility for the distribution of it, and to prevent danger of waste.

Upon loan of any money some noblemen and burgesses to be bound for repayment, who may thereby have better reason to deal for her majesty.

Some well chosen commoner to remain in court at her majesty's devotion, and to have from hence some relief of his chargis.

An offer of marriage to be made to the King.

¾ p. Indorsed: "Extract of the plotte for Scotland."

190. Secret Advertisements Out of Scotland. [Oct.] Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 356.

There is no other news in this country but such as you know already. May it please your lordship to receive a copy of this league to be made between the two countries, which will never be kept. I neither can learn nor otherwise perceive anything, but that the ambassador is blinded in all his doings by the King and Council, and altogether ignorant of the state of our country, and that they mean nothing to him, but only to serve their own ends for the present, as your lordship will perceive thereafter. The warding of James Stewart was a device of his own and the King to please the ambassador for the time, for he is relieved of his ward, and he the only guider of all things here. Farniehurst has been sent for divers times by the king, and has ever been stayed by James Stewart's advertisements till he have a letter from the King to be his warrant for all things past. Otherwise he will not go to court, but is preparing himself to pass to France with all diligence, finding himself guilty of this nobleman's death. So far as I can learn it is either a new friend of the Laird of Farniehurst, or else one of Arran's own men that is "suiter" of Lord Russell's death.

Farnyhurst had a letter from James Stewart, [Earl of] Arran, the night before the meeting, to cause him keep his meeting that day with England, and after the receipt of the letter he sent incontinent to Jedburgh with all possible diligence to the bailiffs to hasten the "handsenezie" made up before five o'clock in the morning, and to charge all the "whole" men in the town to wait that day on the "handsenezie" to accompany the warden to the Cocklaw and be all that day under charge of their bailiffs and officers for the time. There lacked taffetas to be crosses to the same, and as it could not be had in time, the laird being advertised thereof, sent a skirt of his wife's to be the same. From this all here judge him to have foreknowledge hereof—as it well appears.

I shall not fail to advertise your lordship of all such news as I shall learn, as occasion presents. "From the place ye know."

Postscript.—I have spoken with some of the gentlemen who were taken at the West Border. They are to enter at the furthest on the 10th of this month. Farniehurst has bidden them and their friends "if they be not letten" have in horse and gear, and all "cryit fri" he has bidden them tend themselves in any part of England, and he will be their warrant for anything that may follow.

1½ pp. Copy. No indorsement.

191. Proclamation by Scottish Lords upon their Entry into Scotland. [Oct.] Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 358.

Whereas the King's majesty's good, natural, and virtuous education is plainly understood to have been abused, and his royal qualities given to him by Almighty God—which before this time caused his fame to be magnified far above the capacity of his years, to the great comfort of his good subjects—have been obscured for some years past by the craft and subtlety of certain lewd persons of no desert or worthiness, and for the most part of base lineage, not born to any foot-land of ground, yet of marvellous aspiring wrongs and cruel inclination, who under colour of friendship and blood, creeping in and about his majesty and seeking only their own profit, shaking off as it were all Christian and charitable nature and the general points and offices of humanity used amongst most barbarous people, without fear of God or man, as subtle foxes and bloody wolves, by wresting of laws and other deceitful practices have so wasted, torn in pieces and devoured the whole body of this afflicted commonwealth that nothing remains of the ancient justice received from our ancestors, either in spiritual or temporal estate, but the naked mask thereof, to our sovereign's high dishonour and our "opprobrie," who are a part of his nobility and have "regrate" of all goodness throughout the realm. It is evidently known what justice and quietness, what hearty love between his majesty and his subjects universally, what beautiful countenance the Church of God had with daily hope of increase what expectation was of his highness in foreign nations, before the arrival of Obaine, afterwards called Duke of Lennox, and entering in credit of James Stewart and Colonel Stewart with their unhappy accomplices, and what has succeeded since, no true Scot's heart can remember without extreme dolour. For there is no part nor corner of this land at this time peaceable or quiet, but all is replenished with particular feuds and cruel revenges without punishment. It is also well known that whereas the wisest of his majesty's most noble progenitors laboured by clemency, not by cruelty, to possess the hearts of their subjects and to keep the "strengthes" of their realm in their own hands, thereby meaning the better to preserve themselves against such inconveniences of fortune as many Princes of that land, misgoverned and led by perverse counsel, have been subject to, that the aforesaid adversaries have deprived his majesty both of the one and the other, so far as in them lies. For the chief strengthes are in the hands of him who bragging of his pedigree by descent from D. Murdo, and one that was beheaded for his treason against his sovereign, was not ashamed to say—meaning of himself— "Here stands the person of King James the Second!" And to the end the hearts of the people might be alienated from his highness and so—as appears— his majesty made unable to punish them if at any time hereafter he should perceive their false and treasonable doings, what can be added more than the said seditious persons have already done in that behalf, seeing that under his majesty's name and authority such partiality is now used in all matters, such extortion mixed with cruelty and incredible dissimulation throughout the whole land, that were not his good subjects upon the experience of his mild and calm government before these lewd men entered in about him, fully understanding that the causes of these disorders should be imputed to these wicked men and not to the King himself, they had long ago by universal malcontent of the people proceeding from the aforesaid causes, procured a great distraction of the lieges hearts, and cast his majesty's crown and estate into marvellous danger? His true subjects are persuaded that if the said lewd persons could be separated from his majesty he would return again to exercise his former clemency and towardness in every respect which has these last years been eclipsed by the craft of these treasonable persons abovesaid, who for their own advancement have sought the destruction not only of certain several persons, but also have conspired against the whole realm, insomuch as there is no estate of that land free from their persecution. The worthiest and most ancient barons and nobility, namely those who have shown best proof of their forwardness in the true religion and fidelity to their sovereign, are by partiality and wresting of laws without mercy either executed, confined, imprisoned, banished or at least debarred from his majesty's presence. Against the ministry and clergy acts and proclamations are published inhibiting their presbyteries, assemblies and other Christian exercises ratified by preceding parliaments, or at least permitted by laudable custom ever since the first reformation of religion within that land, without which the purity of doctrine and form of discipline can no longer continue, as being the only means to try and examine the life, knowledge and manners of every person and to reform the same if need require. With this the most learned, and of most unspotted life of that number are either compelled for safety of their lives to abandon the country, or else inhibited to preach and deprived of their stipends.

The entertainment of Jesuits, seminary priests, and known practisers in other countries for the execution of the Council of Trient and the admittance of some endured Papists to occupy the places of some ministers are evident presage of the overthrow of the true religion.

Concerning the estates of boroughs, by intrusion of such magistrates to rule above them, who are neither "comburgesses" nor apt to discharge themselves of such officers, but men elected to applaud and consent to the appetites of the seditious aforesaid, their privileges and ancient liberties are so prejudged that without timely remedy that estate, at one time a great ornament of the land, must needs suddenly decay, so that these three pillars whereby the King and common weal should be preserved and upholden, being wasted and underminded in manner above written, what can be expected but universal ruin and overthrow of the whole body of the estate, except God of his mercy prevent the same?

By all this the aforesaid abusers, not resting content with the enormities above expressed, have practised, and daily practise to turn the happy amity and love which now a good space have stood between the inhabitants of the whole island in open hostility and hatred, without respect of neighbourhood or kindred between the two Princes or regard had for the benefits bestowed by the Queen of England upon the King and his realm, first by planting the true religion within this realm, and next by preserving his majesty during his minority when he could not take in hand or enterprise matters himself. To this effect they openly dealt with such persons as sought her majesty's destruction, as is made manifest by the confessions of sundry lately executed in England. But when they perceived some danger to arise by open dealing with her enemies, this month past they have professed a great friendship and kindness, promising largely in that behalf, and offering to conclude with her a band offensive and defensive to stand perpetually. Notwithstanding this liberal promise, the effects declare by experience that nothing was in their mind but falsehood and cruelty, as—to the heavy regret of all honest men—is manifest by the murder of Lord Russell, who being a young nobleman, very honourable and of great expectation for his birth and qualities, and for his earnest zeal to religion and his good affection to the King and all Scottish men in general and meriting great praise, love and commendation, yet is murdered in most odious and treasonable manner even when greatest kindness is pretended. This cannot but produce suspicion and slander as well against the King as the whole country if condign punishment be not ministered upon the authors of this crime. Last, that which is worst of all and craves immediate reformation, the aforesaid abusers cover all their enormities with his majesty's name and authority, thereby thinking to excuse themselves, and to lay the burden on him. Therefore, as it cannot be but very slanderous and dangerous to his majesty if such devoided persons, who have already made shipwreck of all honesty, be suffered to remain in his company, so it is shameful to be reported in other nations that such a few beggarly fellows, replenished with all vice, should extinguish the beauty and lustre of the nobility "impire" before the whole country, and keep his majesty "thrall" to authorise by his royal power their abominable and execrable facts, for the causes aforesaid, and many others that might be justly alleged, we of his majesty's nobility here present, in the fear of God's free mercy, called to be professors of His blessed Evangel and born councillors to his highness our sovereign, bound in duty not only to hazard, render and renounce our lives and whole fortunes, if need be, for maintenance of the said Evangel and true religion, but also in conscience charged to be careful of his majesty's welfare, honour, and reputation, and to procure to the best of our ability, peace and quietness to him and his realm, having our lands and heritages holden for that effect from his progenitors, in consideration of the great tyrannies and enormities aforesaid, have convened ourselves together for readiness and reformation of the same, seeing the suffering thereof has already marvellously wounded the estate of true religion, dishonoured his majesty, disturbed the whole realm, and almost disunited as well the hearts of the Princes as of the subjects of the two nations. We therefore think it high time, and we are in duty compelled, as is aforesaid, all doubt or peril set apart, to procure the separation and thrusting away of the said desperate persons from about his majesty, so that his highness being restored to his former liberty, may freely, peaceably and wisely govern his subjects and realms by the advice of grave, modest and indifferent councillors, only respecting his majesty's surety and preservation, to the end the afflicted church within that land may be comforted, and all acts lately made in prejudice of the same may be solemnly cancelled and for ever annulled. His highness restored to its former liberty the whole body of the commonwealth by punishing of vice—chiefly the authors of these late disorders—the maintenance of virtue may be disburdened of the heavy oppressions and injuries that you have with no small grief long sustained, and the happy amity with England reestablished and confirmed, to the high glory of God, honour of the King, and universal contentment of all good men everywhere.

In prosecution thereof we protest before God and His holy angels, we shall neither spare our lands nor goods, but frankly hazard and expend the same as need craves, and that the said abusers be either apprehended and presented to justice to suffer for their demerits, or else if they cannot be found, till they be debarred from his majesty's company, and expelled from his realm.

Therefore we command and charge in our sovereign's name, all and sundry his lieges to "burct as land" to fortify and assist this godly and most lawful enterprise, and to concur with us to that effect, as they will give testimony of their affection to the advancement of true religion, his majesty's surety and welfare, and the public quietness of the whole realm, certifying all and sundry that shall do or attempt anything to the contrary, or that will not take any "efald and plane" part with us, that we will repute them as maintainers of all vice and iniquity, assisters of the treasonable conspirators aforesaid, and enemies to true religion, to his majesty, and his authority, and to the public quietness between the two realms, and will use them in body and goods accordingly. And that all justices, as well lords of session as sheriffs, commissaries, and other inferior judges, sit and minister justice to the furtherance hereof according to the laws of the realm, as they will answer upon their allegiance and uttermost peril, with certification to the disobeyers as is aforesaid.

6 pp. Copy. No indorsement.

192. Monsieur La Rue to Mary. [Oct. 24.] C.P., vol. XVI.

I have long desired to write to your majesty and have never been able to find the commodity, for I understood that the means of writing to your majesty were interrupted by the change of place and of persons about your majesty, as also for that I have been perpetually travelling in various countries and on affairs of very great importance for the universal good of the Catholic religion, as also for your particular advantage.

I have been twice at Rome and three times in Germany to all the Catholic Princes, to four of the house of Austria, to the three Catholic Electors, to the Emperor, to the Archbishops and Bishops, then to the D[ukes] of Savoy and Nemours, and at present [am] upon my departure for Spain, thence to Rome, then again into Germany.

God in His goodness guides this journey, which I wished to tell your majesty of, that your majesty might know that I have endeavoured to do your majesty service herein, if I can, as by the grace of God I have done in the other places where I have been. For there is no Prince, or very few—although I have been to more than twenty—to whom I have not with my other affairs particularly recommended yours; to some to influence them to desire and be willing to aid and succour your majesty in time and place convenient, to others to move them to compassion of your long and hard imprisonment, to others and as it were to all to defend your greatness against the evil speaking, false calumniators and disgraceful defamatory writings of the heretics to the great prejudice of your majesty. Which God is witness I have done so vigorously and freely, as an assured and eyewitness, that I have easily refuted the false objections and given such an opinion of your majesty as the truth is that they [see] your majesty with such degree of virtue, constancy, and piety that they marvel: to others, to advance the affairs of Scotland, as by working in Germany to cause to render to the Scots some places anciently relinquished; and some have promised to do so. And above all I have laboured with the house of Austria, which honours and reveres your majesty.

I have given your recommendations to Madam Elizabeth your sister-in-law, who was very glad, with your great compassion, on hearing of your estate and deportment. I have spoken to her seriously of (sic) and of the King your son, and also to her brother the Archduke Ernest; and we have advanced to this point as yet, that she would be excused from being the party you know, that whereas the King would follow the party of the Catholics, and that it would serve for a much greater benefit to the Church that she should obey those who have power to give him.

Your majesty knows that for the present there are no more young princesses suitable, unless you wait for the second of Lorraine; for (sic) the first being promised to the Duke of Nemours, or that [the daughter] of monseigneur the Duke of Guise or the second of Florence: which I do not believe your majesty desires.

There is still a little daughter in Bavaria with [ ] Maximilian, and another little daughter of the Archduke Charles, but as young or younger than the others. I know of no others over here.

As to the principal matters of your aid, the Pope would be content. I will labour still in Spain. Your friends here are always in the same heart and courage as in the past, and have more means than ever, and do not cease to look for every opportunity, but it is necessary to recommence entirely a new negotiation and intelligence, so much are all your matters broken off and scattered.

But, madam, I pray you believe me they have done you very bad service in that they have spread the bruit at Rome everywhere, and to the Pope, that your majesty is not willing that force should be used, and that you will also leave to the Queen of England and her clemency to determine the matters that your majesty should agree to. Many English with certain intelligence which they have at Rome and in England spread abroad the bruit that the Queen of England is for the present very benign and clement, and that she no longer prosecutes any one for the Catholic religion, and that they do not care to use arms against others, that they do not wish, and will not permit, the foreigner to enter England, and that—such is your fortune—they have fallen into so great suspicion of those who have treated your affairs that no one dares to trust them any longer, and they desire to have another way to signify everything to your majesty; and the English are in dissension and division.

The Pope is after discovering the truth, and has written about it to his nuncio. One has also a suspicion and almost evident proof that the English your enemies—I mean the Queen of England and Walsingham —have practised on some Cardinal at Rome for your ruin; and we know it has been said in high place that they will spend more on that than the Pope will do on all the English seminaries.

The greatest grief that I have is that your majesty is not sufficiently informed of all these things, and I—I pine away with sorrow when I see things in such state to the greatest prejudice and disadvantage of your majesty. I have promised you to be faithful to you, and assure you I will be, so God help me, and the love and respect I bear your ment or recompense I hope from your majesty, but from true and sincere charity before God from having more knowledge of your afflictions, and with you (at home) and here experiencing them more than anyother. In short, madam, with reverence and correction it is held either that you are blinded as to your affairs, or that you are unhappily betrayed, or that God by His hidden judgment permits these things to happen thus, although from the first I am assured of the contrary.

Allayn and Eusebius have been sent for to Rome by the Pope both to enquire of the truth of the confusions and to inform himself of the necessities and afflictions of England, having wished to learn from them as from those he held to have most knowledge. Your enemies have given him a very ill advised impression of England and of your affairs by the means abovesaid. But your faithful servants perceiving the wind have laboured so well that he is after discovering the reality. For the Pope is a very honest man, severe against heretics and wishes to employ himself altogether in their extermination.

He has approved all that your kinsmen have done to purge France; has promised them all assistance; has publicly excommunicated the King of Navarre and Condé has deprived them of all domain, honour and authority, and notably in France has forbidden all subjects on pain of excommunication to acknowledge them or shew them favour or aid; and has deprived all their posterity, and contemplates doing as much to all those who shall rebel against the church.

It is very necessary, madam, that your majesty should have intelligence with him as much for your particular as for the King your son, and above all to strive to move the King to take sides with your kinsmen.

These past days a message arrived from Rome to the Duke of Guise to send a discreet man to the King of Scotland to admonish him to be constant against the Queen of England and to have good hope, for they would do all that was possible for his help and preservation. Also that many become Catholics and take sides with the King. There are four or five principal Jesuits who labour much with the nobility and have made much progress.

Father Claude has been at Rome for a long time and is in great credit with the Pope, and labours much for France, England and Scotland, and settles affairs there well; for you will not find such more assured mean than he there, for he will not displease the detractors. Princes will stay more on their fidelity of long time tried and known, than on those who by detracting put back the affairs of your majesty, as you have perceived: and to treat of your affairs the Princes will not rest on others than the Duke of Guise, to whom the Archbishop of Glasgow, Allen, Father Claude and Eusebius and I, and on the gentlemen of England and Scotland from here, of whom they shall have sufficient proof of their fidelity, and of those specially whom your majesty shall choose and of whom they shall be assured [sic]: for they wish to proceed seriously and sincerely and not always with distrust and suspicion, and so far, and so long as here and there you do not walk this broad road they will ruin all [sic]. Therefore, madam, I pray you for the honour of God rest yourself here and they will be very faithful to you and nothing will be wanting to you if so be that you correspond freely with them; and nothing will be done that your majesty is not advertised of it, and in my own name I promise it to your majesty if so be that you follow this road.

Your kinsmen at present are those who above all people can aid you, inasmuch as they have the favour of all the Catholic Princes of Europe, and even the King of France at present honours and cherishes them, and acknowledges he has erred in the past, and has given command to say so to the Pope; and they will be for ever honoured for having undertaken that which they put in execution. The Prince of Condé was defeated by the Duke de Mayenne on All Saints day, he having five or six hundred horse and 2000 footmen, and who boasted he would trample on France without striking a blow, seeing his enemy in front was the first to say to his own people that each one should strive to save himself as he could, for we are all lost; and with ten or twelve horse he fled first, all his men dispersed, 200 slain, 700 and more prisoners. The rest throwing away their arms took to flight, and they took from them 16 or 17 wagon loads of arms; and they accuse the Duke de Mayenne of only too great clemency. They have also lost the castle of Angiers and are in low condition, although they expect aid from Germany, and we have as good intelligence there as they, and much more so; and at present men are divided whether to hinder them or to make a greater levy than they; and neither the Pope nor the Swiss will fail us.

By edict of the King of France of the month of June, within six months all the heretics will be compelled to leave France or to return to the Catholic religion; that of the month of August has been shortened to fifteen days, and they are out of all the towns of the Catholics, and the Duke of Guise has chased them all in the time of ten days, and we have practised in Germany with some [Princes] that they shall not receive the fugitives and will chase those who are come from Flanders and elsewhere. I have found in Germany, at Ingolstadt, a very learned man from England named Robert Touner who is very well affectioned to your majesty and writes very learnedly and gladly against Buchanan for your majesty, and I have helped him in some things which he desired to know, and will serve much for the innocency of your majesty. He dares not dedicate it to your majesty for fear of rousing the Queen of England more, therefore he will dedicate it to the Duke of Lorraine or the Duke of Guise.

We are very sorry that the King of Scotland takes a side alienated from your majesty, and specially when we know the very ill occasion; for thereby one has perceived better how little good service has been done you in so great a business, which is a thing that has much scandalised many.

It was when Mons. Nau was at London that all have not kept the secret well and have said more than was necessary, be it from imprudence or from passion; or perhaps it has come from elsewhere and one is charging the innocent with it. However that may be, rumours are spread here, as I have learnt on returning from Germany, that is, of diversity and superfluity of attire of some of your people, and they were speaking very ill of those and of many discontents that some of your people had in your majesty's service, and of the harshness that some used towards them unjustly; how many indignities and how little reverence some used towards your majesty: some [said] marriage [was] malapropos and that it was not without cause that some snatched away from your majesty's hands all your revenue, and that your majesty and the others made pies of it. About which matters having interrogated some, the whole answer made was a denial of knowing anything about such matters, except that I found very many who were prepared to speak ill of, and few to aid, your majesty, and few who were willing to undergo with you tribulations and afflictions. I know also, madam, if your majesty has read the letters which for more than a year I have written at some length, I should like to have your news and your commandments in order to know what your majesty desires of me for your contentment and consolation; not that I esteem myself worthy or capable, but forasmuch as that at present they have counselled me to pursue the greatest affairs and of the highest importance that for a long time have been put in train in all Europe, and from which I cannot disengage myself, inasmuch as the Catholic Princes will not have other [agents] both for the assurance that they have in me from the experience they have had in the past, as also for that I go alone with one only servant I was not to be discovered or suspected by any one: which manner of proceeding has been approved by all the Princes.

This was the cause, madam, why I often said to your majesty that if I were abroad I could be of more use to the church of God, to whom be the glory; and I only write this to your majesty to give you to understand the good determination I have to employ myself in your service, and the opportunities which present themselves: and that your majesty may know I am not so base as to have forgotten your tears and afflictions, groaning under the heavy burden of too long imprisonment; as I shall understand, madam, that my services will be agreeable to you and that concealment is observed in the matters that I shall write to your majesty, you shall receive fuller information; and you shall find me more and more assured and faithful to your service, for which I will sooner die.

I shall leave here, God helping me, at the end of this month for Savoy, there where being on another occasion I had very full discourse with Madame de Nemours of your estate, with which she had great content, as you had been too much in sinister circumstances, and declares herself very affectionate towards your majesty and would esteem her sons very happy if they could do your majesty service and console you. From Spain [I go] to Rome to be there at the beginning of Lent, then to Germany at Easter to the Emperor and all the Catholic Princes, and thence into France, under the protection however of the good God, if it please Him to make so much use of the poor trustworthy instrument that I am: and in kissing very humbly your majesty's hands I will pray the good God to maintain your majesty in health beneath His holy protection in order that some day when we see your majesty at liberty we may all together give perpetual praise to God in your domain. From Chalons this 24 October 1585.

Postscript.—A thousand recommendations to my very dear friend Mons. Nau to whom I had a very great desire to write of matters of very great consequence for his welfare and that of your majesty if I thought that he could receive the letters; for I have written these presents in doubt, more to satisfy my duty than for any assurance I had that they would be delivered. But when I have heard that your majesty has received them your majesty shall receive them in more abundance.

6 pp. French. Marginal notes in Phelippes's hand. Underlined in parts.

Copy of a portion of the above. [No. 65.]

Also C. P. vol. XVI., f. 150, a, and f. 154. a

Other copies of a portion of the above