Elizabeth: November 1586

123. Henry III. to Monsieur de Courcelles. [Nov. 1.] Cott. Calig., C. IX., fol. 600.

The Sieur Desneual has told me on his return how he had left you in those parts while awaiting that he return thither, a thing which is very agreeable to me, in order that I may always be advertised of that which shall present itself in Scotland. And forasmuch as in the estate wherein the Queen of Scotland my sister-in-law now finds herself, she has need of being assisted by all those who ought to love her, in order to insist before the Queen of England, my good sister, that she may be diverted from using towards her any ill treatment, as it seems that some of her ministers wish to incite her thereto; I have resolved, besides that which I have already said thereof very frankly to the Lord Stafford, her ambassador resident here, and caused to be said by the Sieur de Chasteauneuf my ambassador who is with her, to write to the King of Scotland the letter which I now send you, the which you will present to him on my behalf; tending, as you will be able to see by the copy thereof, thereunto, that he employs himself by all good offices for his mother with the said Queen of England, as it is a thing wherein if he failed her he would do great wrong to his reputation and to the filial amity which he ought to bear to her. St. Germain en Laye. 1 November 1586. Signed: Henry. And lower down: Brubart.

1 p. French. Addressed. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig., C. IX., fol. 600.

Copy of the same.

124. Walsingham to Shrewsbury. [Nov. 3.] Lansd. 982, fol. 73.

There is an ambassador despatched out of Scotland for two purposes; to try some offers of mediation from the King for his mother, and that the sentence may be so qualified as not to prejudge his pretended title. One is looked for from France to move her majesty to stay the proceedings: all good men hope she will not be carried by their persuasions.

½ p. Copy.

125. Earl of Angus to Walsingham. [Nov. 3.]

His servant, John Douglas, the bearer of this letter, while returning from London to Scotland, was robbed by Englishmen at sea of all his own money and goods of his master. Therefore requests he will use his power to restore to the young man what he has lost. Edinburgh. Signed: Angus.

⅓ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

126. Earl of Angus to Mr. William Davison. [Nov. 3.]

[As in No. 125.] Signed: Angus.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed. Seal.

127. Mr. Archibald Douglas to Mr. William Davison. [Nov. 3.]

"May it pleis you to ressave from this berare such lettiris as it was hir majesteis pleasour to gewe command to be send in Scotlande. I hartlie pray that thai may be directed wyt your lettir to Sir Harye Woddringtone, deputye of Berwicke, wyt desire to him that thai may be send to the Maister of Gray."

"I haif takin boldness also to pray your honour to put hir majestie in remembrance, when occasione salbe offered, of that which I spak to your honour at departure. Bot I wilbe most sorye that hir majestie suld be trubillit wyt ony materis, being in suche perplexitie of mynd as I beleiff this sorowfull newis hes brocht hir hienes." London. Signed: A. Douglas.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

128. John Colvile to Mr. William Davison. [Nov. 4.]

The bearer, John Douglas, being robbed by sea of all that he had, desired me to "mein" his cause to you, which I could not "goodly" refuse. "I tharfor humaly pray your lordship lett him find suche favour and courtesy as conveniently may be schewit in suche cais, as I salbe aver redy after my mean habilite to prove." Edinburgh. Signed: Jo. Colvile.

½ p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

129. William Keith to Mr. Archibald Douglas. [Nov. 4.]

"It has bein his m[ajesty's] pleissowr and prevei cownssellis to derekt me to hir m[ajesty] off this realm, and being cowm to Wair on my jornay, I thought expediant to let your lordship knaw thairof, as the Maister of Gray tald me that he had med yow forssein wyt it, or else I wald. All other thingis your lordship sall knaw as I do, at meitting." Ware. Signed: W. Keithe.

½ p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

130. Advertisement of Affairs in Scotland. [Nov. 4.]

The Abbot of New Abbey has written from France to his friends in these parts that he will return home shortly.

A servant of Holt returned to Scotland from France and his master—who lately came from Rome to Paris—with letters to several people there.

Dr. Allen, travelling to Rome about the causes in hand, has been made cardinal, and through him Holt got a speedy despatch to the seminaries at Paris.

Angus has been advanced to the lieutenancy by means of Arran, who considers it the nearest step to his overthrow.

Letters have been sent from England to the King and Hamilton declaring an intended accusation against Hamilton of being in the conspiracy for her majesty's death.

Crauford having left the Court suddenly returned, and after conferring with Montrose and Fentrye repaired to James Stewart at Lord Abergenny's, which action is thought by some to portend some dangerous event in a few days.

James Stewart rules the King and Court though now absent, and it is thought that he will soon obtain the King's public favour.

Maxwell is advised to seek his peace with the King, and Arbroath is endeavouring to compound all "griefs" between Maxwell and Angus.

A general pacification is desired among the nobility, and, if it is effected, some think it will cause disquietude to England. If anything is intended by the Scotch it will first be attempted at Carlisle and in these Marches, where entrance would be easy owing to the weakness of horse and men, and the alliances and feuds prove of great advantage to the Scottish.

There is still a firm resolution to persist with the plot for the general subversion of religion, and for that purpose a large sum of money is lying in readiness in France.

It is "bruited" that the King of Spain is preparing a great army, though for what place is not known.

The execution of the late traitors and matter against the Scottish Queen were reported to Rome by Haye, the Jesuit. All Jesuits in that realm [Scotland] are much quieter than formerly.

An arrival of foreigners is expected there. A tall, well-favoured Englishman, called Gray, about a month ago went from Edinburgh to Leith for the North of Scotland.

Ingleby and other Englishmen were about Dumfries before Michaelmas, and are expected there.

Some of the Carrs are at Hull. They are great favourers of the Jesuits, and would give them passage at that port.

Hamilton advises Angus against extreme dealing with Maxwell, as it would avail little.

The King seems displeased with Lady Johnstone for her information against Angus, and has written to Angus to reassure him on that point.

1½ pp. No flyleaf or indorsement.

131. Mr. Archibald Douglas to Burghley. [Nov. 5.]

Acknowledges his letters received last night from William Keith. Is content that the said William should be lodged with him, but if orders are not given for the release from prison of his host, detained against all reason, fears he will not "haif the commodite of one chambre for him." Has submitted the case to her majesty, who granted that it may be remitted to the common law, and now begs that order may be given for his release according to the justice and equity of his cause. Signed: A. Douglas.

½ p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

132. William Keith to Mr. William Davison. [Nov.]

"Being cowm to this town from far on my journay at the King of Scotland my maistirs command to hir m[ajestie] of England, yowr lordships sowferaine, I may be so haimly, owppon awld aquentance, as to knaw be yowr lordships meins hir majestie dayatt that I may haiv awdiance, and if it be with dilligence I am now as off beffor bound onto yow, the quihilk I will aquytt as yowr lordship pleissis imploy me." London. Signed: W. Keithe.

½ p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

133. Mr. Archibald Douglas to Mr. William Davison. [Nov. 5.]

[First part, copy of No. 129.]

The Scotch ship wherein be sent some furnishing to his master the King was robbed by a ship of Blakeney, but he shall receive further information later. London. Signed: A. Douglas.

1 p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

134. William Keith to Walsingham. Elizabeth. [Nov. 5. 1586.]

Informs him of his arrival in London on his majesty's business with the Queen, with whom he desires a speedy audience. London. Signed: W. Keithe.

½ p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

135. The Master of Gray to Walsingham. [Nov. 6.]

"I resavit yours of the 26 of Oct. togither with the letteris inclosit and subscryvit by your ouin handis, quhilk I mynd not to use disavantageusly. The King's majestie, as of befor, stil insistis on his mother's lyf, save bot in confirence he haittis hir maners so far as I can learne. I am in that maiter stil of one opinion, and of your ouin opinion, bot it comeis hardly to hand, for the King vil tak it evil, so that I know not that to say forder in it. . . . . The evil affectid are bissie every day bot I can not definitly advertise yow quhat as yit it shall tourne to.

If als great persuasion and sume effect be not usit to retein the King in gude disposition or is usit to divert him, I feir ye see thingis fall furthe ithervaiyis than is lukit for.

I forbeir to wryt to you of my greife for my deir brother Sir Ph. Sidney for feir to augment yours. Now, sir, I wilbe plaine, since he is gone I shall never serve in that country by my auin motive, and as ye desyrit me oft of before nou I am content to stay at home, and quarof befor I craveit a prest of money, now I crave only to have hir majestei's very earnest letteris to the estaite of the Low Countryis, that my men be veil usit or ellis leyk they not of thair sarvice furnis them schipping, and thay shall retourne home agene.

The King by Captaine Hatherstoun is to wryt of this to hir majestie quhen he comis.

I intend by all meinis possible to chift any ruinous commission bot I can not refuse my souveraine's comandements, yit I shall use them I hoyp, if I can not escheu, to the contentement of all honest man. Quhat I mein in this, enquyr of his majestei's subject Mr. Archibald Douglas, and by my nixt ye shall know forder of my meining." Holyrood House. Signed: Master of Gray.

2 pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

136. Mr. Archibald Douglas to Mr. William Davison. [Nov. 6.]

Announces that William Keith has arrived in London, being sent from the Scottish King to her majesty, and desires to know when he may have an audience with her. London. Signed: A. Douglas.

¼ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

137. Sir Henry Woddryngton to Walsingham. [Nov. 7.] Cott. Calig., C. IX., fol. 588.

The 6th instant 140 soldiers came to this town. They were shipped by the Master of Gray from Scotland to Flanders, and were taken on the coast of Flanders by those of Dunkirk, all spoiled, the captain and lieutenant carried away, and twenty of them slain.

They cut down their main mast, "boughestd" their ship with great ordnance, took away their pump, and left them without either sail or anchor on the main sea. They landed about Lambrougle, and coming hither, having nothing left them, I defrayed their charges here and gave them some money to carry them home, etc. Berwick.

¼ p. Copy.

138. Robert Gourlay To Mr. William Davison. [Nov. 8.]

"The presentt occasioun falling outt hes movit me to call to mynd the guid will and cortessie offerit to me be your lordship the tyme of your being last heir in Edinbro, quahairof your lordship effectouslye willit me—quhen as I sould happen to haif to do—to employ your lordship. My eldest sone Johone Gourlay being heir att courtt in commissioun with Mr. George Hakett, our conservetour, anent the sceut of certane sillmowt quhilkis wer apprehendit and had in to the Flushing, as allso for the metigatioun of the edict prohebiting the transporting of wyveris in France, quhairof I dout not your lordship is in guid memorye, and eftir thair despeche wer gevin to thame from Court, my sone gat the lasser and opportunetie to mak the employement of sum money in Londone upon certane slayt and wdir merchandise extending to the soumme of aucht score poundis sterlyng, quhilk guidis in the monethe of October last bypast he embarquett in ane lyttill Scottis schyp, quarof the master is callit Andro Redpethe in Leyt, quhilk schyp in hir returning hamewart to Scotland is haillelye spullzeit and pillit of hir haill guidis be Englis men att Birlintoun Bey, to the havie domage and skaytht of my sone, as allso of manye syndrie othir guid and honest nychtbouris, quhairby exept redres be maid againe, wilbe to thair verie wttermaist wrak, quhairof your lordship will heir att mair lenthe.

"Heirfor I maist humlye and affectouslye beseikis and crafis your lordship's help and guid will towardis this matter, inspeciall towardis the partt of my sone." Edinburgh. Signed: Robartt Gourlay.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed.

139. James VI. to Elizabeth. [Nov. 9.] Cott. Calig., C. IX., fol. 597.

"Richt excellent, richt heich and mychty Princesse our dearest suster and cousine, in our hartiest maner we recommende us unto zow. Having made chois of our richt traist cousing and counsallour the Erle of Angus for the repressing of the rebellions and disorderit inhabitantis upoun our Bordouris, disturberis of the gude peax and amitie betwix us our realmes and people, and appointed him to that effect our lieutenant generall ower all our Marches, we have thocht meit to signifie the same unto yow be the present, and thairwith to requyre zow, as we do richt affectueuslie, that according to the motioun gevin in be our commissioneris to zouris at the dissolving of thair lait meting on the league, ze will appointe some ane of zour nobilitie equall to him in rank and weill affected to gude courssis to meit with him, lieutenant on zour Marches, and give him correspondence in all gude offices that may further a settled peax and quietnes betwix our Bordouris, and in this mean tyme to direct doun zour strait commandment to all your wardanis that nane of our rebellious subjectis, being put at be our said officiar, finde any confort or ressett within the boundis committit to thair charges, upoun thair hiest perrellis. And for that the Lady Johnnestoun being chargeit to have comperit before us and our Counsale for certane treasonable devyses quhairwith sho chargeit our richt traist cousing foresaid, and had dilated him to us of plane intentioun to have cassin him in suspicioun and disgrace with us, is becum fugitive and now hes found ressett and intertenement in sondrie pairtis within zour Marches, it is our speciall requeist that according to a speciall article set doun in our said league the lyke commandement may be gevin to zour wardane of that Marche quhare tho said lady is ressett, that immediately he apprehende her and cause her be delyverit to sic as we upoun advertisement sall have ready to ressave her at the Marche. The like quhairof ze may be weill asseurit to finde with us quhen any sic occasioun sall fall out within the boundis of our dominions. Thus expecting your spedie ordour to be gevin in thir behalffis, richt excellent, richt heich and mychtie princesse our dearest suster and cousine, we commit zow to the blessed protectioun of the Almychty. From our palais of Halyruidhous." Signed: "Youre most loving and affectionatt brother and cousin, James R."

½ p. Broadsheet. Addressed. Indorsed.

140. Walsingham to Shrewsbury. [Nov. 10.] Lansd. 982, fol. 73b.

Report being made to Parliament of the foul matters wherewith the Scottish Queen is charged, being considered of by both Houses, they agreed to petition her majesty that execution might be done according to justice for the crimes; otherwise neither the Queen's safety nor the quiet of the realm can be maintained. Mr. Keith, the ambassador who useth the office of mediation, is this day appointed his audience.

½ p. Copy.

141. [ ] to Walsingham. [Nov. 11.] C.P., vol. XX.

There is great lamentation made in the College of Clerkenwell for the apprehension of Mr. Henry Vaux, whom they hold to be a most singular young man. Mr. Davies and his wife were present in the chamber when he was taken. Being in some doubt of themselves they gave out that she was sister to Mr. Marbury of the pantry, to whom Newall being greatly beholden passed them over with friendly speeches.

Sir Thomas Tresham and Bawde of Hogesdone were sent for that night by Lady Vaux to give advice what course was best to be taken in the cause and behalf of her son Henry. After long talk they concluded to leave him to his own answers, which they are persuaded will so wisely be framed that he shall not need any other means of deliverance. These people hold opinion that the Scottish Queen shall not die. Yea, they say plainly her majesty dare not put her to death for fear of "afterclappes." But God grant she may not live to endanger us any more with "foreclappes."

They have entertained a new hope, namely, that the messenger now come from France will either alter the case, or at the least work a pause until some further remedy may be found. "For," say they, "it is a French vye that must win the game in the end." Lord Vaux kept Newall, the poursuivant, from entering his house until my lady had conveyed her little casket, which she would not [for] 500l had been searched.

The Lord God prosper and preserve you and make you blessed in all your actions.

¾ p. Copy.

142. Burghley to Shrewsbury. [Nov. 12.] Lansd. 982, fol. 73b.

Here is come Mr. Keith from the King of Scots to require her majesty to forbear further proceeding against the Queen of Scots until he be further informed of her crimes, "and to send some of his council hither." He requireth that nothing be done to the prejudice of any title to the King. The latter is granted; the former cannot be without her majesty's peril and the discontent of parliament, where the sentence is already confirmed, and petition this day ready to be exhibited at Richmond by the lords temporal, 6 bishops and 40 commons to require execution.

½ p. Copy.

143. Speech by Elizabeth in Parliament. [Nov. 12.] Lansd. 94, fol. 84.

So many and so great are the bottomless graces and immeasurable benefits bestowed upon me by the Almighty, that I must not only acknowledge them as benefits, but admire them as miracles. I account myself bound to give Him thanks, that, as I came to the crown with the willing hearts of our subjects, so after 28 years' reign I perceive in you all no diminution of goodwill, "which if happelie I should wante, well mowght I breath, but never thincke I lived."

And now, though my life hath been dangerously sought, yet nothing hath more grieved me than that one not different in sex, of like estate and my near kin, hath fallen into so great a crime. And so far have I been from bearing her ill-will that, upon the discovery of certain treasonable practices against me, I wrote to her secretly that if she would confess them to myself she never should be called into public question. Neither did I write thus to circumvent her, for I knew then as much as she could confess. And even yet, though the matter be made apparent, if she would truly repent, and no man would take the matter upon them, "or that we were but as two milke maides, with pailes uppon our armes," and if my life alone depended hereupon, and not the whole estate of your religion and well-doings, I would most willingly pardon her. Or if by my death other nations might attain a flourishing estate, I would gladly die: for your sakes I desire to live. I see no cause why I should wish to live or fear to die.

I have had good experience of this world as subject and as sovereign. I have found treason in trust, and seen great benefits ill requited. An evil is much better the less while it endureth. I have more courage against treasons than is common to my sex; as I would be loth to die so bloody a death, so shall it not take me unprepared.

Touching these treasons, she, having been the contriver thereof was liable to the ancient laws; the late act was not made to prejudice, but to forewarn her. Seeing it was in force, I thought good to proceed against her according to it. You lawyers would have had her indicted in Staffordshire, and tried by jury "a proper course, forsoth, to deale in that maner with one of her estate!" I thought better to commit the cause to the noblest in the land and the judges of the realm. We princes are in sight of all the world; it behoveth us to be careful that our proceedings be just and honourable.

By this last act of parliament you have forced me to give direction for her death, which cannot but be grievous to me. I had gladly absented myself from this parliament, lest I should hear this cause spoken of; not out of fear of danger, though it is not long since I saw a written oath, wherein some bound themselves to kill me within a month.

I am not unmindful of your association for my safety, which I do acknowledge. As this matter is very rare, I think you do not look for any present resolution. I pray God to illuminate my understanding, and for that I know delay is dangerous, you shall have with all conveniency our resolution. Whatever any prince may merit of their subjects, that do I assuredly promise to perform for requital of your so many deserts.

3 pp. Corrected draft. Indorsed: "The former copy of her majesty's first speach the 12^th of November."

144. Sir Amias Powlet to Burghley. [Nov. 13.] C.P., vol. XX.

I can hardly express to your lordship the great joy which I have conceived of your choice of Sir Dru Drury for my assistant in this charge, wherein, although I know that your lordship's chief and principal regard has been to further her majesty's service, yet because your lordship cannot be ignorant of the old acquaintance between this gentleman and me, I take it for an especial favour that among so many others meet for this place it has pleased your lordship to make choice of one so likely to be welcome to me, as indeed he shall be most heartily welcome. I am well recovered from my gout, I thank God, having felt no pain these three or four days, and now I doubt not but that these good news will set me on foot without delay. And thus with most humble thanks for your manifold favours, I commit your good lordship to the merciful protection of the Almighty. Fotheringay. Signed: A. Powlet.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

145. Mr. Archibald Douglas and William Keith to Mr. William Davison. [Nov. 13.]

Have written letters to Scotland—which they pray may be conveyed speedily to Berwick—with his order to Sir Harry Wodrington for their delivery where directed.

Request his attention to the pitiful case of their host, Master Harvie, and beg that in the case of a Scotchman who has received injustice at Carlisle he will move some of the Council to "subscryve" it, and that it may be directed to Lord Scrope, the sheriff there, and present Mayor of Carlisle.

State their surprise that nothing has been done in the matter of piracies, as his Majesty directed, and inform him that the number of cases to be decided is much increased on that account. London. Signed: A. Douglas. W. Keithe.

¾ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

146. Burghley to Shrewsbury. [Nov. 14.] Lansd. 982, fol. 74b.

Since my last, on Saturday morning, there were with her majesty at Richmond 21 lords temporal, 2 archbishops, 4 bishops, and 40 commons to exhibit a petition affirming the sentence on the Scottish Queen to be just and lawful, and praying her to publish the same and proceed to execution. The lord chancellor for the lords and speaker for the commons expressed the same largely. Her majesty's answer drew tears from many eyes.— "The conclusion was, she would be advised after proceedinges, and commend herself to be directed by God's Spirit."

She hath this day determined to send to the Scottish Queen Lord Buckhurst and Mr. Beale, secretary of the council; they shall declare to her how sentence is passed, confirmed, and required to be executed. "So as the Queen of Scots is to resorte to God, to expect what it shall please Him to inspire into our Queen's harte."

Sir Drew Drury is gone this day to assist Sir Amias Paulet in his infirmity.

1 p. Copy.

147. Mr. Archibald Douglas and William Keith to Mr. William Davison. [Nov. 14.]

"It was hir majesteis pleasour to gif answor to the last audience had be Mr. Keyith that she wald advice upone suche mater as he had preponit, and within ane day or two theireftir geve fordar declaratione of hir mynd thairin, whiche haif bene luiked for be us befoir this tyme. We can bot interprete that the performing thairof hathe proceeded from hir majesteis weychtear effairis, whiche may be the occasione that langar delay may intervene if hir majestie sall not be put in remembrance that we daylie luik to heir from hir hienes in this mater, and must pray your honour to make hir acquaynted beirwithall, and humblye to pray that hir mynd in this mater may be knawin." London. Signed: A. Douglas, W. Keithe.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

148. Sir Amias Powlet to Walsingham. [Nov. 15.] C.P., vol. XX.

Your several letters of the 13th of this present I received this day at 9 in the morning, and now according to your direction Mr. Stallenge comes to you, who has behaved himself here in good and honest sort, willing and ready to do his best endeavour to the furtherance of her majesty's service, and yet to say truly unto you, having received no warrant for it.

I have not employed him in anything concerning this lady, neither has he had access to her or any of her people but in my presence; not for any doubt I had of the gentleman, because he was sent to me from her majesty, but for that I had no commission to employ him in such like causes, whereof I thought good to advertise you for his discharge, doubting lest some greater report might be expected at his hands than he is able to make.

Sir Dru Drury arrived here the 13th of this present in the evening, by whose assistance I find myself so much strengthened that I trust I may be bold to assure you that all things shall fall out here to the full discharge of his duty and mine.

I have sent your letters to Sir Richard Dyer, trusting that your speedy resolution will abridge this trouble and charge. And indeed the gaining or losing of one day may be the gaining or losing of a kingdom.

Since the writing of my last I received these inclosed from Curll's wife, and will not fail to convey the letter received from you for her as soon as I may. And thus with due commendations from Sir Dru Drury and myself, I commit you to the mercy of the Highest. Fotheringay. Signed: A. Poulet.

¾ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

149. Master of Gray to Mr. Archibald Douglas. [Nov. 16.]

"I resaveit yours of the first of November the 14 of the same, quhairof I mervail, bot I think the postis has not dune thair duetie. I can see little forder by it then by your former anent the causis of William Keythis negociation. Thairfor it shalbe veil dune to let his majestie understand of all proceidingis thair, for I never fand him so solist as at this tym. The estait heir is in no uther termis than as at my last. Bot men would be glaid that thingis geid wrong betwix the Queen thair and the King our souverain.

Brouit came heir yisterday that ther wes a neu conspiracie in that country and sume great men wer come doun to the Bordour, bot I heir no more of it.

I have satisfiit his majestie tuitching the contradictioun remarquit in your letteris, and he wes in a maner content with that ye wrot of it your self. As tuitching my voyage to the Lou Country is I fully satisfiit you by my last. I am content to remaine at home since he is gone for whois cause I intendit my journay, and intendis never to go thair save if thearle of Leicester retourne in the spring.

I mynd, Godwilling, to see the summer warris, bot not as generall over the Scottis men.

I mynd to cause the King presently revok his holl subjectis from that service, seing thay accompt litle of them, and I know this at this last tym thair wes Scottis men send over by me did als weil as any in the camp.

Bot seing Ingland myndis to mak a pair of auld bouttis of men I shall serve them in thair auin heumeur. Bot ye hard never tell of so fast a hurt bot the wit of man could louse it. Thair caise is not yit so good bot men may herme them, and for any surtie they have heir if I lye by, yow wil see quhat it wil tourne ynto. Asshur I caire not so mutche for their geir as for thair misbehaviour towardis me. As for that I resaved of my Lord Leicester I shall geve a verie fare super expendit compt and shall send with it him that deboursit and Captaine Hatherstoun. They shal see quhen I have dune that I caire monoy in that quantitie als litle as ever any in England did. By God you may know it pairtly the voyage is out of my way ten thousand crounes, so that Sir Francis shall say verie treu that I shalbe comptable to the least grot.

I pray you tak better ordour for the dispetche of your letteris, for this last and the former has lyin twelve dayis by the way. Let us heir oft from you. And let me asshur you yis, that do my best, I see men shall move the King to brak up with that Queen if sche put hand in his mother's blood. My creditt wes never better than at this hour with the King.

Send me word in the secreit way quhat you think of William Keythis proceidingis thair. The Lordis Maxwell and Jhonstoun ar aggreit and therle of Angus constittut lieutenant, but the said lord wil not suffer the erle to come in his country. He wes chairgit to be heir this day, bot he is gone to the horne and myndis agene to be outlau, quharof is thocht shall proceid sume great tumult. The holl Catholiques of this realme ar thocht to be alairt, bot I see it not, yit thair is appeirinces for thair is a Frenche Embassadour expectid dayly, and by him sume neu thingis lukit for.

Commend me to Sir Francis and confort him I pray you of my pairt." Holyrood. Signed: Master of Gray.

2½ pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

150. Instructions to the Commissioners sent to Mary. [Nov. [16].] C.P., vol. XX.

"Instruccons given to our right trustie and welbeloved counsellours the L. of Buckhurst and our servunte Roberte Beale, sent by us to the Scottische Queen November 1586."

After you shall have informed yourselves particularly as well of the treaties offered and other things needful which have heretofore passed betwixt us and the Scottish Queen, namely, of the manifold favours we have from time to time showed to her both before and since her arrival within our realm acquitted, with her great and many ingratitudes towards us—of the one and the other, whereof our pleasure is you shall receive some special note and remembrance from our principal Secretary, Sir Francis Walsingham—as also of the whole course of our proceeding with her in trial of this late unnatural and wicked conspiracy against our life and crown, whereof herself is found by a just and honourable sentence of our nobility, appointed to examine and judge thereof, to have been not only privy and consenting, but also a compasser and contriver, to the inevitable danger of our life and state, if God of His great mercies towards us and our poor people had not most happily and miraculously discovered and prevented the same, our pleasure is that you shall make your immediate repair towards Fotheringay, where the said Queen now remains under the charge of our wellbeloved councillor Sir Amias Powlet, knight.

And after you have delivered our letters addressed to him and imparted these our instructions and other directions received from us, you shall repair together unto the said Scottish Queen, to whom you shall signify the cause of our present sending of you unto her, namely, to let her understand how the lords and other our commissioners lately sent to Fotheringay have proceeded since their return from her; wherein you shall particularly deduce unto her the causes which moved them to stay the pronouncing of their sentence there; their several meetings at their return at our Star Chamber to examine and perfect the act of their proceeding, to the end no just exception might be taken against the same; the producing before them of her servants Nau and Curll; their free, voluntary and public maintaining and confirming in their presence, without either hope of reward or fear of punishment, of all those things which they had before testified both by word, subscription and oath against her; and finally the sentence given by universal consent of all the lords and other commissioners in this cause that she was not only privy to this late most horrible and wicked conspiracy against our person and state, but also a contriver and compasser thereof according to the words of the said sentence, which to this effect, our pleasure is, shall be delivered to you.

And also [you shall show her] how afterwards the whole parliament of this our realm now assembled, having been informed of our honourable and just proceedings in this cause by our commission directed to the said lords and others appointed to the examination and trial thereof, and made acquainted with the particularities of those things wherewith they found her to stand charged, together with the testimonies and proofs produced against her and her own answers to the same; and finding after deliberate consideration thereof that the said sentence pronounced by our commissioners aforesaid was most just, lawful and honourable, have with a uniform and full consent, and without any manner of scruple or contradiction of any one amongst them affirmed and approved the same.

And also [you shall show her] how sundry deputies, selected out of both houses of the lords and commons, and addressed hither unto us in the name of the whole realm, have offered and presented their most humble and earnest petitions unto us, both by writing and mouth, tending to the moving and most instant persuading of us by many strong and invincible arguments to proceed to the finishing of the said sentence by the execution of her whom they find to be the seed-plot, chief motive and author of all these foreign and home conspiracies which these many years past have been hatched, intended and attempted against our person, crown and state, and yet still threaten the same in case we should not apply that remedy which in honour, justice and necessity appertains, protesting that otherwise we should be guilty and inexcusable both before God and the whole world of all the miseries and calamities that may ensue of our neglect or refusal to incline to this their humble petition, so greatly importing the safety of our own person and preservation of the estate of religion and commonwealth of this our said realm, none of which can in their opinions be otherwise sufficiently provided for and assured against such home and outward dangers than by a just execution of her by whom and for whom they have been and are still likely to be devised, attempted and followed against us.

And for that we are pressed on all sides as well with the respects of honour, justice, surety and necessity aforesaid, as the importunate suit and petition of our said lords and commons, who still protest that they can find no other way of assurance for our person, religion and state than to proceed against her according to justice, you shall let her understand that, albeit we know not yet how it shall please God to incline and dispose our heart in this behalf, yet we have thought it meet in conscience that she should be forewarned thereof to the intent she may the better bethink herself of her former sins and offences both to God and us, and call to Him for grace to be truly penitent for the same, and namely for this, her late most unnatural and ungodly conspiracy against our life—a crime so much the greater and more odious in the sight of God and man in that she has suborned and encouraged some of our own natural subjects to be the actors and doers of an act so foul and horrible against their sovereign and anointed Prince, her own near kinswoman, and one that, howsoever the account thereof both in nature and duty for many benefits past, ought to have received a more charitable measure at her hands if either fear of God or common humanity had prevailed anything with her.

And because she should have no reason to think herself hardly dealt with in the manner of our proceeding against her, you shall let her know how much the respect of her degree, calling and nearness in blood to ourself has moved us to take the course we have done in sending to her a number of our chiefest and most ancient nobility to examine and try her offence, whereas we might have proceeded otherwise by an ordinary course of our laws without these respects and ceremonies, if we had not preferred our own honour herein to any other particular affection of malice or revenge against her: which you may truly say in our behalf is such that, if the consequence of her offence reached no further than to ourself as a private person, we protest before God we could have been very well contented to have freely remitted and pardoned the same, so we might hereafter have lived sufficiently cautioned and assured against the like, a thing so much the more hopeless howsoever she might hereafter reform herself, since the taking of our life and subversion thereby of the present estate of religion and commonwealth is amongst her "fautors" and instruments abroad and at home now held and approved in their bloody divinity a work meritorious and lawful before God and man.

And whereas in the opening of these particularities she may happen, as in the late meeting of our said commissioners with her, to fall into some justification of her former offers and demeanours towards us, removing the cause of all these succeeding mischiefs from herself, and imputing the same to the hard measure she may pretend to have received at our hands, we have thought meet in case she shall fall into any such discourse, that you "remember" unto her how much she is to blame to wrong us in honour with so unjust and untrue affections, considering how much more graciously we have dealt with her than she could with any judgment or reason expect, if we had proportioned our favour with her own demerits. Where you may take occasion to deduce unto her from point to point those our deserts and benefits past with her many ingratitudes in recompense of them, which by an especial note from our Secretary as is before remembered, shall be delivered to you.

Lastly, in case you find her desirous to communicate with either of you apart, or under pretence of revealing any matter of secret and weight to be delivered unto us concerning either ourself or our office, we think it not amiss that you conform yourselves to her desire in that behalf, and thereof, if you find cause, to advertise us before your return, which we refer to your good discretions.

4 pp. Draft. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig., C. IX., fol. 583.

Copy of the same.

Ib., fol. 655.

Another copy of the same.

Harl. MSS 290, fol. 187.

Another copy of the same.

151. Elizabeth to Sir Amias Powlet. [Nov. 16.] C.P., vol. XX.

Has thought it convenient for sundry respects to send Lord Buckhurst and Beale to acquaint his charge as well with the proceedings of the commissioners since their departure from Fotheringay, as also what has been lately done in Parliament upon communicating to them the said commissioners' proceedings both at Fotheringay and since their return, as by their particular instructions may be understood more at large. He shall permit them to have access to the said Queen, hoping that before their repair thither he will be restored to good health and able to assist and join with them in the present service committed to their charge. In case the said Queen desire to have any conference apart—upon pretence to reveal some secret matter to be communicated to her—either with Lord Buckhurst or any one of the servants abovenamed, assents thereto if she earnestly requests the same. Otherwise would best like that he to whom the sole charge of her is committed be present when any such speeches are delivered.

½ p. Copy.

152. Monsieur de [L'Aubespine] to Monsieur de Courcelles. [Nov. 19]

Informs him that Monsieur Bellieure arrived today, charged by the King of France to do all in his power to save the Queen of Scotland. Himself sees little hope of it since Parliament has agreed to her death, and makes great insistance of the execution to the Queen of England. Milord Boucault went two days ago to advise her of the sentence of the Parliament, and some say he had with him command to the sheriff of the place to execute her.

Cannot believe it, but everything is very secret, and he has a bad opinion of the whole affair, as has (fn. 1), who says that the Queen [of England] gives him fine promises always. London.

1 p. Cipher, deciphered by M. J. Thorpe. French. Addressed. Indorsed.

153. Roger Aston to Walsingham. [Nov. 20.]

Regrets that he was not able to see him before his departure for Scotland, as her majesty did not despatch him as soon as he thought, and begs for an answer to the letters of which he was bearer.

States that her majesty has granted him something in reversion, and commanded him to leave his desire with him [Walsingham], and she will see to it. Begs that he will consider how willing he is to be of service to the Queen [of England] and himself. Alnwick. Signed: Roger Aston.

1 p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed: "R. att Wetherbye the 22 day of October abowte 12 at midnyghte, being all myred by the postboye of Darneton, as apered by a note thatt came with last pac. directed to my lorde Hunsdon."

154. Mr. Archibald Douglas to Walsingham. [Nov. 20.]

"My sudden suspicious collegue as appereth doeth tak ain moyr speady than wyse course in derecting of his servand to Scotland wyth such expedition as he doeth."

"The sum of his derectioun doeth conteyn, besidis the declaratioun of his last audience, ane discours of such materris as hath passed betwixt the French ambassadour and him, whearwyth I did mak maister Secretary Davison acquaynted."

"His dessire is that ane solemnit ambassadour may be send hyther wyth speed to joyn wyth this French ambassadour for dealing in the Queen Mother of Scotland hir effayris."

"This mater I think shalbe bettir prevented at home than it can heir, wherein I will do my best. I recommend unto your honouris more wis descretioun the secreit dealing in this mater."

"I think it shalbe weil doun that hir Majesteis pleasour may be knauin anent the sending of buckis to the King at this tyme, that I may wryte sumewhat theyrof to my master, to the end that one pleasour may helpe put owte another greif. I haif send onto your honour the memoyr of such small pleasouris as are craveit, together wyth a note of my pryvate and publick instructionis, to be used according to your bettir judgemente." London. Signed: A. Douglas.

1 p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

155. Henry III. to Monsieur de Courcelles. [Nov. 21.] Cott. Calig., C. IX., fol. 589.

I have received your letter of the 4th of October last past, wherein I have seen the discourse which the King of Scotland held with you about what you testified to him of the good affection that I bear him; whereby he made show of having every desire to correspond entirely therein with me. But I would that this letter had also made known to me that he was better inclined towards the Queen his mother, and that he had a heart and will wholly disposed to assist her in the affliction she is now in, considering that the prison wherein she has been unjustly detained for the last eighteen years and more might induce her to lend an ear to many things which have been proposed to her in order to obtain her liberty, which is naturally much desired by all men, and yet more by those who are born sovereigns and to command others, who suffer with less patience being thus held prisoners. He ought also to think that if the Queen of England my good sister allow herself to yield to the counsel of those who desire her to soil herself with the blood of his said mother, besides that this will be a thing which will turn to great [loss] of reputation to him, inasmuch as it will be judged that he has failed towards her in the good offices which he ought to have rendered for her with the Queen of England, which might have been quite sufficient to move her had he been willing to employ them as soon and as warmly as natural duty commanded him, it will be to be feared for himself that his said mother being dead, some may think to do as much for him afterwards in some violent manner, in order to render the succession of England easier to seize by those who purpose to have it after the said Queen of England, and not only to frustrate the said King of Scotland of the right which he can claim thereto, but also to render doubtful that which he has to the crown of Scotland. I do not know in what estate the affairs of my sister-in-law may be when you receive this letter, but I will tell you truly that I desire that you incite the said King of Scotland by these remonstrances, and all others which may be adduced upon this subject, to embrace the defence and protection of his said mother, and that you testify to him on my behalf that as it is a thing for which he will be greatly praised by all other kings and sovereign princes, so he may be sure that failing therein will be great blame to him, and possibly at last notable damage to himself. For the rest, as to the state of my affairs, you shall know that the Queen my lady mother is on the point of seeing very soon the King of Navarre and entering into conference with him upon the matter of the pacification of the troubles of this realm; to which, if he bears as much good affection as I do on my part, I hope that things will be able to come to a good conclusion, and that my subjects will have some respite from the great ills and calamities that the war has inflicted upon them. St. Germain en Laye. 21 November 1586. Signed: Henry. And lower down: Brulart.

1¼ pp. French.

156. Sir Amias Powlet to Walsingham. [Nov. 21.] C.P., vol. XX.

Your letters of the 19th came not to my hands until this present day at three after noon, wherein you may see the lewd negligence of the posts, who might have brought this letter inclosed, to have been delivered to my Lord Buckhurst before his departure from hence this present morning.

My letters to her majesty inclosed herein will be, I doubt not, imparted unto you, and although it pleases you to impute her highness' tended liberality towards my servants and soldiers to the report of Mr. Stallenge, yet I am greatly persuaded that the same has proceeded in the greater part, if not wholly, of your favour towards me and mine, wherein you have bound me very much; and, indeed, I thank you for it as for a singular benefit. And thus I leave to trouble you, beseeching God to bless all your actions to His glory. Fotheringay. Signed: A. Powlet.

Postscript—I do not remember, and I think I may be bold to deny, that I have at any time left this lady in her passionate speeches, but I confess I have left her often in her superfluous and idle speeches. I have said to Mr. Stallenge, and it is very true, that in former time I have observed this course, to have as little talk with her as I might, since now lately that, following your direction, I have given her full scope and time to say what she would; and yet at some times finding no matter to come from her worthy of advertisement I have departed from her, as otherwise she would never have left me, and I am deceived if my Lord Buckhurst will not give the same testimony of her tediousness.

¾ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

157. Sir Amias Powlet to Walsingham. [Nov. 21.] C.P., vol. XX.

Perceives he was not much deceived in his "conceit" upon receipt of his late letters mentioning the discharge of the trained soldiers appointed to be sent hither out of Huntingdonshire, and the same to be supplied by the like number taken out of this shire of Northampton. Took it for an argument of the short continuance of this service, and that he should not be troubled with these soldiers at all. Is much confirmed in this opinion and hope by the late repair hither of Lord Buckhurst. Now trusts the next messenger will bring his last resolution. Fotheringay. Signed: A. Powlet.

Postscript—Has requested this bearer, Mr. Beale, to pray his sign to a letter, wherein he may do him friendly pleasure.

½ p. Postscript holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

158. Mr. Archibald Douglas and William Keith to Mr. William Davison. [Nov. 23.]

Having received letters from Scotland, request that he will inform them when they may have audience of her majesty. London. Signed: A. Douglas, W. Keithe.

¼ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

159. Mary to the Duke of Guise. [Nov. 24.] C.P. vol. XX.

Copy of a letter of the late Queen of Scotland to the late lord the Duke of Guise killed at Bloys, transcribed from the original written with the said Queen's own hand.

My good cousin whom I hold dearest in this world, I say farewell to you, being ready, through unjust judgment, to be put to such a death as no one of our race, thank God, has ever received, still less one of my quality; but, my good cousin, praise God for it, for I was useless in this world in the cause of God and of his church, being in the estate that I was, and I hope that my death will testify my constancy in the faith and readiness to die for the maintenance and restoration of the Catholic church in this unhappy island; and although no executioner has ever dipped his hand in our blood, have no shame thereof, my friend, for the judgment of heretics and enemies of the church, who have no jurisdiction over a free queen, is profitable and honourable before God to the children of his church; for if I would adhere to them I should not have this blow. All those of our house have all been persecuted in this manner, witness your good father, with whom I hope to be received to the mercy of the just Judge.

I recommend to you then my poor servants, the discharge of my debts, and to cause some yearly obit to be founded for my soul, not at your expense, but to cause solicitation and ordinance to be made therefor, as shall be requisite, and that you will understand my intention by these my poor desolate servants, eye witnesses of this my last tragedy.

May God prosper you, your wife, children and brothers and cousins, and above all our chief, my good brother and cousin and all his people; may the blessing of God and that which I would give to my children be on yours, whom I recommend to God no less than my own unhappy and abused one.

You will receive tokens from me to remind you to have prayer made for the soul of your poor cousin, deprived of all help and counsel but that of God, who gives me strength and courage to resist alone so many wolves howling after me, to God be the glory.

Believe especially what shall be told you by a person who will give you a ring of rubies on my behalf, for I take upon my conscience that the truth of that which I have charged her will be told you, especially of that which touches my poor servants, and the portion of some of them.

I recommend this person to you for her simple sincerity and honesty, that she may be placed in some good place; I have chosen her as the least partial and the one who will the most simply report my commands; I pray you that she may not be known to have told you anything in particular, for envy might harm her.

I have suffered much these two years and more, and have not been able to let you know it for an important reason. God be praised for all, and give you grace to persevere in the service of his church so long as you shall live, and may this honour never depart from our race that we, both men and women, may be ready to shed our blood to maintain the fight of the faith, all other worldly considerations set aside.

As to me, I deem myself born, both on my father's and mother's side, to offer my blood in that cause, and I have no intention to degenerate. Jesus crucified for us, and all His holy martyrs make us worthy by their intercession of the willing sacrifice of our bodies to His glory. Fothrighay. Thursday 24 November.

Thinking to degrade me, they had caused my canopy to be taken down, and my warden has since come to me to offer to write to their Queen, saying that he had not done this act by her command, but by the advice of some of the council. I showed them, instead of my arms on the said canopy, the cross of my Saviour. You will hear the whole discourse; they have been more gentle since.

2 pp. French. Copy. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig., C. IX., fol. 598.

Copy of the same.

160. Master of Gray to Walsingham. [Nov. 27.]

"I foreboir at this tym to wryt at any great lenthe for that I know the greife to be greate for the lose of your sone, bot hes set doun to Mr. Archibald the estait of maiters heir. I find thingis lykly to fall evil furthe if sume ordour be not takin for a good middis in this maiter of my souvraineis mother, for all the evil affectid takis occasion to cry out of this, and so to incense the King that he is a verie diligent suter for hir lyf, and is deliberat nou to send a great ambassador to the Queen your souveraine for that effect.

His majestie has preaceit me verie instantly bot as yit I have refusit. He is to send th' earle Bothwell and Sir Robert Melvil, and hardly can I escheu, bot if I come I hoyp to do to your contentement, and all honest mans." Holyrood. Signed: Master of Gray.

1 p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

161. Robert Stewart to the Commendator of Pittenweem. [Nov. 27.]

"Now, as of before, I thocht guid to adverteis yow of the stait of materis heir, and how I haif procedit in your derectionis. I haif oft and with sundrie beirars writtin uncertaine gif your lordship hes rasavit any. I delyvirt your lettiris to his majestie in Faukland wyth the declaratioun off the general in your lordship's particularis, quhilk lettir and propositiones of me was weill rasavit.

His majestie inquerit the knaulege off the credit specefieit in the lettir, quhilk I wald not at that tyme declair, in respect bathe the persones qhome it tuitchit in effect, war thair present and the only men his majestie had in Consail. So I deserit a bettir and mair convenient tyme bot schew his majestie that I haid sumeqhat to declaire that consarnet his estait.

I attendit dyverris tyme to fynd the comoditie and culd not fynd oportunetie, unto such tyme as the report of his majesties mither come, how hir grace was accusit and convict for the conspiracie devisit be hir againes the Quein of Ingland. His majestie beane ryding betuext Stirling and Edinburgh, I fand ane meit tyme, hes grace beane queyet. I entret with his henes abowt your affaires and fynding ane willingnes to heir off yow, discourst off your lordships estait, efter protestation that his majesty suld heir without effenc abjecttit upone my part for that I had to declair, seing I was burdenit with the same bathe be your lordship quho had gevin me derection, and siklyk that off dewtie I aucht to revelle quhat sumevir mycht tend to the prejudice of his majesties person or estait. Swo I delaittit frome poynt to poynt evin als neir as I cold in wordis and haibilie in effect." The King answered that it should never be possible for men to endanger his estate, and further he knew you to be deadly enemies the one to the other. His opinion concerning his mother was that he could find no excuse for her actions, and that though he loved her as his mother, he hated her actions. Concerning the right of the English to sit and judge her, he replied, who could control the Queen of England's laws within her own country. News of her execution is expected hourly here, and the greater part of the nobility appears careless, looking for comfort, where there is none.

The Earl of Angus is made lieutenant, and has taken a company of fit men, and 100 horsemen and is now at Jedburgh. There is appearance of trouble between the Earl of Morton and Angus.

"The Erle of Morton is lyne out and is griet with Johnestoun, bot now is brocht in be my lord Hamilton quhom the kyngis grac derekit him." He is as worthy to be warden within his own bounds as Angus to be lieutenant. We are all in a miserable state. If there is any hope, haste, for every Scottish man would hazard his life to release the Queen. His majesty declares they dare do nothing, but that is folly.

We had some hope of better news after your departure, but I see none.

I dare not write my mind, but you know it is good. The noblemen you left in the country last believe you dead, but there was never better occasion to live, for we want you. We may win, and we must work for it.

Your friends are all in good health and would be glad to hear of your welfare, but gladder to see the same, my father-in-law, mother, wife, and sisters.

"On the lik manir I haiff a dochter in Glasgow that God and natour hes adornet with all guid aperance that is my only . . . . (fn. 2) to pay me with, so I heir of your lordship."

I have spent the most of my "kyand mony and wantis the Kingis waigis to releiff me with. Gif your lordship beis not shortle in this cuntrie I sall seik your lordship to the wardellis end, for heir I dow not abyd." Let this present my hearty remembrances to Lady Lane and her brother, and good Jonathan. Linlithgow. Signed: Robert Stewart.

3 pp. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

162. Robert Stewart to Captain Dakchie. [Nov. 27.]

Informs him of the good estate of his friends in this country, who would be glad to hear the same from him, and desires that he will see to the delivery of the inclosed letter to the Laird of Pittenweem with the first commodity, if he is in the Low Countries, and by his hand if he be where he can get to him safely. Knows of no other friend of whom he could ask so much with the same confidence in their friendship. Expects that he knows more of the late conspiracy in England than they do. Some think it will put their Queen in great danger.

Informs him of the appearance of revolt against religion in the country, many noblemen both in the north and south professing argument against the ministry and taking open reasoning into the dissent of the papists. Prays him to give his commendations to his brother's son and desire him to write as to his condition. Edinburgh. Signed: " Robert Stewart, lait cornet."

1 p. Holograph, also address: "To ye rycht honourable his assurit guid frend Capitane Dakehie, Sergant Major to ye Scottis regiment in Flanders grayis." Indorsed.

163. James VI. to Walsingham. [Nov. 28.]

Recommends to him the bearer of the letter, whose interest he desires to be considered by Mr. Archibald Douglas in the matter of the "bypast" piracies, concerning which orders have been given by the Queen and her Council. Holyrood. Signed: James R.

¼ p. Addressed. Indorsed: "In favour of Adam Fullerton."

164. State of Scotland. [Nov.]

"The present state of Scotland with their particular dispositions."

The King's disposition towards:—

1. Religion. Well and soundly affected, as may be presumed by these reasons:—

(1) His exercise in hearing God's word almost daily, besides a chapter read with some exposition after every meal. Because it is done so often, it is to be supposed he does it sincerely and to good effect. He is never absent from his ordinary sermons without giving notice to his preacher, which argues some regard of his absence, which happens seldom.

(2) His promptness in the Scriptures, wherein he is thought as pregnant and ready as any man within his realm. From his judgment in applying them it appears that he has knowledge and persuasion of the truth.

(3) His care to give good example to others by sometimes resorting on Sundays to the ordinary sermons in Edinburgh church, and his patience in hearing himself publicly reproved there by the preachers. Also his remitting his displeasure towards certain preachers, viz., Messrs Watson and Gybson, which few princes would have done in like case. Some hard construction is made of his behaviour at the public sermons where he used to talk sometimes with those that stood by, especially with Mr. Peter Young. Though it had better been reserved for private, yet since it was of something spoken by the preacher, it may be well interpreted.

(4) His protestations, as at the General Assembly of the ministers at the arraignment of Lords Maxwell, Herries, and others, of his love towards the truth, and his detestation of popery.

(5) His frequent deriding of popery.

(6) His denying Mass to the French ambassador.

(7) His life and conversation, which though somewhat touched with the common faults of the country, viz., with swearing, is of a staid behaviour, void of licentiousness. Towards the discipline of the church he seems not soundly affected, because he has the impression that it takes away from the princely authority, which he thinks little enough as it is in Scotland.

2. England. Sound and true for these reasons:—

(1) The respect he shows towards England for the matter of succession. He seems to have resolved that it is a better course for him to attain it by favour from England than by confederacy with any other sovereign of France.

The reasons for this presumption are the reports of those about him, and the matter of the late league wherein, notwithstanding the articles were framed more for our benefit than for theirs, the non-subscribing to the instrument for not prejudicing his succession, and the default of 1000l. from the pension money, he digested all to conclude the amity.

(2) For the reason that France has failed him for pension, and that he sees the confused state there to incline towards the better part, viz., Navarre. Also he objected against the late ambassador the dishonourable dealing of the King of France in breaking the pacification. He knows besides that his mother's friends there carry more respect to her than to himself. He would rather have her as she is than give up his place to her. Further, he entertained the French ambassador coldly, both in public and private.

(3) He sees that the amity with England awes the factious of his nobility at home, whom otherwise he would doubt and fear more.

3. Parts at home. He generally seems desirous of peace, as appears by his disposition and exercises.

(1) His great delight in hunting.

(2) His private delight in enditing poetry.

(3) His desire to withdraw into retirement with a small retinue, which might endanger his person.

(4) His readiness to compose matters that might trouble his peace. It is thought he entertained James Stewart and advanced him to be Earl of Arran to counteract some of the nobility that were likeliest to keep the government in statu quo, and to abate their authority by some other new creation. Towards the Earls of Angus and Mar he seems scarcely soundly affected, notwithstanding the reconciliation.

Presumptions:—(1) The reconciliation was violent, and therefore to be suspected.

(2) He counts it a great dishonour to him that they were so restored home, as appears by what he still speaks of Mr. Wotton, for his close departing.

(3) In outward appearance there seems to be a dryness between the King and those lords.

(4) He suffers a feud to grow between the Earls of Mar and Bothwell, and does not stop it betimes.

Towards Arran, James Stewart. It is commonly supposed he bears him some secret favour. Presumptions:—

(1) Because he suffered him to continue in his realm so long a time after his proscription, and gave him two months more after the time was expired.

(2) Because he has his brother, Sir William Stewart, very near about him, who gives out that his brother James shall be in place again ere long.

(3) Because he suffers him and his wife to enjoy such jewels as they had conveyed from him.

(4) Because on the day after the ambassador's departing from Lord Bothwell's, where he left the King, it is said that Arran came thither and conferred with the King.

(5) One near the King told me that he [the King] after a good large cup, taken in, said in his ear that he should hear of another alteration shortly of the noblemen about him.

These may make some doubt of the King, but it is to be thought verily that his respects towards England will keep him in the same tenor he is now in, in case he perceive a dislike here of Arran's restoration, and a favour towards the other lords.

"The Nobilities disposition."

1. English part. The Earls of Angus, Mar, and Glencarn, Lords Hamilton and the Master of Glamis in pretence, the Master of Gray.

The Earls of Angus and Mar, beside some doubt of the King's favour towards them, seem to be of no great authority, save with their own followers. They are supposed to have dealt very slightly in their late action, and not to have performed their promise for the sound reforming of religion and things about the King. This is the common talk of the better sort, and the adverse part seem for the same cause not only to hate them, but to impute this their gentle dealing to lack of courage and wisdom. Divers of the noblemen that took part with them are now in quarrel with them, as Earl Bothwell with the Earl of Mar, and Maxwell with the Earl of Angus, about the title of Morton, which was evicted from him by the Earl of Angus since his restoration.

The Master of Gray. Sure to England, well-beloved, and followed by the active and military sorts.

Lord Claud may be suspected, though he is English in pretence. (1) For his secret conference with the French ambassador, when he was there. (2) For his behaviour to the English ambassador. Though it had some shew of friendship, yet it easily appeared that it was nothing but counterfeit. (3) The course of his past life which seems to have been ambitious, cruel, and dissembling. (4) His need, which not being supplied by some pension out of England, might move him to turn his hope towards France for something thence, as it seems he has done.

His brother Lord Hamilton shews an honest and friendly disposition, as the better sort report of him.

The Master of Glammis pretends well, but is familiar with the neutral part, namely, with the Secretary. The appearance of his friendship bears no life in it, but a sadness and dryness which may argue some doubtful meaning.

The English part seems but small and weak, but is strengthened at this time by the King's favour towards England.

French part. Earls of Huntly, Sutherland, Caithness, Lords Fleming, Seaton, Maxwell, etc., of the Popish faction.

Though quiet for the present, because some of them are but young, and France is in the state it is, yet it seems to be strong and apt enough to move when they get opportunity to trouble the peace and amity with England. In that respect it is not unlikely to join with Arran, who is said to have solicited divers of them towards the north, having divers favourers in the south, and who is in confederacy with France to run that course. It would make things surer there if he were intercepted.

Neutral. Secretary Maitland and some others that looked for a reward out of England, and of late were disappointed, as Justice Clerk, etc., with those that were neutral in religion and parts before, as the Earls of Errol, Orkney, Montrose, Bothwell, Lords Hay, etc. Some do not deal in matters at all, but sail with the wind. Some, like the Secretary, persuade a middle course—not to join with France, nor yet to follow England, or depend on favour thence, but to join with some Protestant Prince of good power in sure league, viz., by marriage, as well to relieve the King's present want by dowry as to strengthen him hereafter in the action of his claim to England, and so to hold afar off, that England may rather seek to follow them than they England.

This is thought by some to be the special end of the ambassador into Denmark, under pretence of the matter of the Orcades [Orkney].

The Commons' disposition.

The religious part follow England. That number seems not great, specially after so long preaching of the Gospel and the use of discipline. The causes:—

(1)The licence and disorder of most part of the nobility, who can bear no yoke, and draw their followers after them by their example.

(2) Their frequent mutinies and disturbances that dissolve all order, ecclesiastical and civil.

The best affected are of Edinburgh and some of the greater towns in the south part. The rest of the common sort follow the faction and their lords' part.

2 large pages. Partly in Randolph's hand, and indorsed by him: "The present state of Scotlande, 1586."

Cott. Calig., C. IX. fol. 661.

Copy of the same.

165. James VI. to [Mr. Archibald Douglas.] [Nov.]

Perceives from his last letter that his mother is still in that state which the pretended condemnation of the parliament has put her in. Marvels that the Queen has allowed the affair to proceed so far to his dishonour and contrary to her good fame as to condemn by subjects' mouths a sovereign Prince descended from the best blood in Europe. "King Henry the Eighth's reputation was never prejudged in anything but in the beheading of his bedfellow, but yet that tragedy was far inferior to this if it proceedeth as it seemeth to be intended." Refuses to believe in its truth, and will shortly send an embassy to England, in which commission will be one man whom the Queen will like, and who will deserve credit at her hands.

Prays he will insist that the matter go no further till their arrival, for he [the King] does not merit such hard using at the Queen's hand as to disdain to hear his overture and reasons. Promises himself it will be granted, so that, when she has heard, she will weigh the same as best pleases her.

Requests that he will show her this letter, and wishes she might see his inward heart, where she would find "a great jewel of honesty towards her, locked up in a coffer of perplexity, she only having the key, which by her good behaviour in this case may open the same."

Hardly dares to go about because of the indignant cries of the people against him and the Queen of England, and fears that if he were to find fault with the same it would lead to his dethronement, since all Scotland is incensed with this matter.

Begs him, as he loves his master's honour, to omit no earnest diligence in this request. Owing to the sudden departure of the bearer, hopes this letter will excuse his not writing to the Queen herself.

1½ pp. Copy, in Walsingham's hand. No indorsement.

Cott. Calig. D. IV., fol. 104b.

Copy of the same.

166. Monsieur [de L'Aubespine] to Monsieur de Courcelles. [Nov. 29.]

I will send you this word to advertise you that Monsieur de Bellièvre arrives to-day, having express charge from the King of France to do all that he can to save the Queen of Scotland, but I see very little hope of it, inasmuch as the whole parliament has sentenced her to death, and not only sentenced, but are making urgent request to the Queen of England to have the sentence put in execution, so that if I had not struggled for a month past to get them to await the arrival of Bellièvre I think it would have been done, and so I have great fear that they will enforce it as with the Duke of Norfolk, forasmuch as my lord Buckhurst [Boucault] departed two days ago to go to signify the sentence and judgment of the parliament to her. Some say that he bears with him command to the sheriff of the place to cause her to be executed, a thing which I cannot avouch, for if it be true it is very secret and known to few persons, and the said Queen of Scotland will be dead eight days before [ ]. [ (fn. 3) ] has been to see me, and says that the Queen of England has given him very fair words; nevertheless he also has a bad opinion of it, as I; a thing whereof I much wished to give you sure advice. London. 29 Nov. 1586.

1 p. French. In cipher, deciphered. Addressed. Indorsed.

167. Monsieur Maheut to his Uncle, Monsieur de Courcelles. [Nov. 30.]

I should not so long have deferred writing to you again but for the hope of your return with Monsieur d'Auneual of which some of the agents of Monsieur Pinart had assured me. Nevertheless I have learnt by your letter that you cannot return so soon, the said Sieur d'Auneual having deputed you in his place, which proceeds from the goodwill and friendship which he bears you, not wishing to remain ungrateful for the services which you have done him: wherein I feel myself honoured and obliged by him; I shall not fail to go and thank him for it. Monsieur Hubert has been to see him. He told me that the said gentleman holds you in great esteem, and that he will not fail to advertise the King of the good service that you have done him, and that he will endeavour to get proper means given you to maintain the rank and place which you hold, which is a good beginning that will bring you honour and commodity, and will give occasion to your being employed for the service of his Majesty. When the said Sieur Pinart returns with the Queen mother I will not fail to god to greet him on your behalf, in order that he may remember to cause that which shall be granted you to be delivered to you. As to your affairs, Monsieur Hubert has the care of them, and since he is doing what he can therein, I for my part will employ myself about them as for myself. I recommend your health to you; and not to use so many drugs and medicines as you do; that only wastes the body. I will not fail on all occasions to write to you again. I thank you heartily for the dagger that you have given me; I shall keep it for ever for your sake. Since seeing you, God has given me yet another son, who will have no smaller disposition than the first. I have made your salutations to Monsieur and to your nieces. Paris. Signed: Maheut.

1¼ pp. French. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

168. Monsieur de Courcelles to the King of France. [Nov. 30.]

As your Majesty was pleased to command me I have presented to the King of Scotland your good nephew the letters that you wrote to him, having moreover given him to understand the care that your Majesty has always taken of the Queen his mother, for the particular friendship that you bear her, as well for the honour that she has had of having been Queen of France as for the closeness of the alliance which binds her to you, having espoused your eldest brother; and who, finding herself at this time in greater necessity than ever, by reason that some of her enemies and illwishers have wished to impute to her that she had knowledge of the conspiracy that is said to have been discovered against the Queen of England your good sister, in order thereby to make an attempt against her person, she has so much the more need of being aided and succoured by those who have a good will towards her; in order to be urgent with the Queen of England that she may be diverted from using any harsh treatment towards her; and whereof, in addition to what it may have pleased you to say to the Sieur de Stafford, and to cause to be made known to the said Queen of England by Monsieur de Chasteauneuf your ambassador with her, your Majesty had resolved to write to him in order that he might employ himself (as you could not but think that he would have done and would do, in accordance with the good disposition and affection of a well born son towards his mother) by all means, good offices and most affectionate entreaties towards the said Queen of England, to dissuade her from proceeding further against the said Queen his mother; and to join your united entreaties hereupon, in order so much the sooner to obtain a more favourable treatment such as your Majesty desires for her; there being nothing more worthy and commendable wherein your Majesties could employ themselves than on this occasion, in the which if he failed her he would do a very great wrong to his reputation and to the filial love which he ought to bear her. Whereupon, sire, he began to say to me that the matter of the Queen his mother was the strangest that was ever heard of, there having been no history like it since the creation of the world, and asked me whether I had read anywhere that a princess and sovereign Queen had been detained so long time prisoner without cause by a king or prince her neighbour, in order to bring her to trial at last. I told him that in the little that I have ever read I have verily not found nor heard tell of a princess for so long time and so continuously afflicted; and that it seemed to me that the Queen of England ought to content herself with her long misery and captivity, which was the more cruel and insupportable to the said Queen his mother for the high estate and greatness that she had before it, without wishing to impose upon her the crowning misfortune of a new torment and punishment of death: and that her miserable fate ought to be deplored by everybody, and especially by him who is her son, of her blood, and who has no one so near as she. He told me that she was right in saying lately at the public accusation which was made against her that since his birth her life had been accompanied only by every sorrow, dilating at the same time upon the troubles, misfortunes and afflictions wherewith she had been afflicted; and she did not forget to show to the whole assembly the ring that the Queen of England had sent her before she came into her kingdom for a token and pledge of her faith, in which she had too readily believed, for which she had suffered penance nineteen years and was yet suffering it at this time; and that, surrounded by her enemies, she spoke so bravely and loftily that the greater part of them remained speechless, thinking over what she had said; that even an orator could hardly have spoken better; and that he thought the Queen of England would wish her safely in France and did not believe that she wanted to lay hands upon her life as she has done to Mr. Archibald Duglas his ambassador, and that she would never consent to sign or decree her death, although the estates of her realm should adjudge her worthy of it, both as recognising that her life was not safe during that of the said Queen of Scotland, and for the fear that they have that if she survived her and came to the crown she would not only use rigour towards them but would wish to change the religion in England. Wherein recognising the uncertainty of the said Queen of England, and fearing that she may allow herself to yield to the passion of some of her ministers, ill-affectioned and enemies of the said Queen his mother and of himself, and deeming himself unworthy to remain in the world if he did not employ himself for her on so important an occasion as concerning her life, he had written lately thither with his own hand to the said Queen of England, to pray her not to permit further proceedings against the said Queen his mother, having written to the same effect also with his own hand to four or five of the chief persons in England, and particularly to one whom he knew to be a very great enemy of his said mother and of himself, and who appears so interested in this affair that he believes it was no other than he who was the instrument in what has passed concerning her, telling me it was the Secretary Walsingham, and that he bids him to desist from his ill offices and to meddle no more therein, otherwise he would do him a displeasure whereof he would take pains to avenge himself. And for this cause, and in order also to make his intention more particularly known to the said Queen of England, and to entreat her most earnestly not to allow any further steps to be taken against the said Queen his mother, he had sent with the aforesaid letters a gentleman, his servant, named William Kit, who has this affair very much at heart, who protested to him on taking leave of him that he would employ himself therein with all his heart, and that he willed not to live for a week afterwards if any mishap should befall the said Queen his mother. Which he said to me, as I can but think, sire, by reason of the discontent (which he supposes I have heard) which some lords among the greatest of the realm have conceived hereof, that he has sent a man of so little weight, and a pensioner of England as they say, in a matter of such consequence wherein the life of his mother is concerned, which ought to be as dear to him as his own, as if there had been no other in his kingdom whom he could send and who would have felt it an honour to make the said voyage, and to employ therein their lives and their goods if it had been needful, and the which they offered to do at their own expense. Which makes them believe that he has some secret intelligence with the Queen of England, wherein they are the more confirmed because the instructions of the said Kit were made between the King, the Secretary Ledington, the Master of Gray and the said Kit, as I have already informed your Majesty, and without having been communicated to any others of the lords of the council who were then at court. He said to me also, continuing his discourse, that there was not one of the lords nor any other person whatsoever in his realm who does not counsel him not to permit and to protest against anything being attempted against the person of his mother, whom he deems not to be in danger of her life, unless they should secretly poison her. And with regard thereto that the Queen of England said that the death of his mother was her safety, she was very ill advised, for that she ought to assure herself to the contrary, and that the death of the said Queen his mother would be followed by her own, and that she would not live long afterwards. Moreover that he had given charge to the said William Kit if he found that he could not persuade the said Queen of England and the lords of her council to use more gracious treatment towards the said Queen his mother, to join with Monsieur de Châteauneuf, ambassador of your Majesty, in order together to urge before the said Queen of England that there be no further proceeding against her, if it be possible, and whereof he was writing to him again immediately. I told him, sire, that I would inform your Majesty of his good and holy resolve not to forget any good offices in this which particularly concerns him so nearly as the Queen his mother; and that your Majesty expected as much of his good disposition and affection towards her, which you hope will shortly be followed by effects conformable to it, which can but bring him praise, reputation and honour with all the princes his neighbours, kinsmen, friends and allies, who on the contrary might give him blame, either for having little loved the life and honour of his mother, or that the Queen of England made little account of him, if he should neglect her on this occasion. Afterwards, Sire, I went so far as to tell him that in accordance with the open declaration which he lately made your Majesty assured yourself that he would not permit any levy of men of war in his kingdom to pass over to the help of your subjects who have taken arms against your Majesty, as I had heard that some were intending to do. He told me that he would not for anything in the world favour and assist those who rise against their Prince for any cause whatsoever, although the ministers have lately wished to persuade him to the contrary; but that he had well refuted their arguments, and that he had given them to understand that such propositions were not agreeable to him: for which cause they departed very ill content with him, and that he is sure that they have him in no more amity than if he were a Catholic; and that I could assure you that there would go no men of war from his realm to the help of the said Protestants, any more than had formerly gone thither; and that he knew how serious a matter it was to favour subjects risen against their prince and to assist them in their rebellion. I pray him to continue in this goodwill, which cannot but ever bring him confirmation of the friendship which exists between your Majesties, which ought to be as dear to him as any other, and from the which he could only receive utility and greatness.

With regard to what is happening in this kingdom, sire, many lords begin openly to declare themselves Catholics and to make profession of their religion, and it seems that they may be willing to establish it throughout this realm if they can; whereof the ministers lately made complaint to their sovereign; whom they informed that his council, his house, and the court of parliament of the country which is called the Tolbooth were full of Papists; even that many books and ornaments of the church had been brought into this realm, and that the Earl of Huntley had two or three Jesuits in his house. And after they had made their complaints with much vehemence, whereof this King made no great account, he asked them whether they had spoken to those of his council, of the parliament and of his house whom they said to be Papists. They told him they had not. He sent them back to question them as to their faith, and to convert them and reduce them to their religion if they could. With regard to the books and ornaments of the church, being uncertain of those who had sent for them, answer was made to them that they did not know what they were asking; and as to the Earl of Huntley, that he could not refuse his house to his uncle, although he was a Jesuit, for the charity that we owe one to another and chiefly to our kinsmen. And they were constrained to return as they had come. Wherein many remark that the ardour which the greater part of this realm had to the Protestant religion and to the said ministers is beginning greatly to abate. Sire, it is to my very great joy and honour that it has pleased you to inform me that it is your wish that I should stay here to keep your Majesty advertised of that which shall present itself there, awaiting the return of Monsieur d'Esneval. Wherein, sire, I will take every care that is in my power. 30 Nov. 1586. (fn. 4)

6 pp. French. Copy. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig., C. IX.. fol. 591.

Copy of the same.

169. Monsieur de Courcelles to Monsieur Brulard. [Nov. 30.]

You will be able to see by those letters which I wrote to his Majesty the good will that the King of Scotland told me that he bears towards the Queen his mother, whom he is resolved never to abandon either on this occasion or any other. He promises himself that the journey of William Kit will produce something in favour of the Queen his mother, and that the said Kit will keep to his intention and promise that he made him at his departure, to be urgent with the Queen of England to dissuade her from using any rigorous treatment towards her. If he who resides as ambassador to the said Queen of England for the said King of Scotland had not been assisted by some other, I think that he could not hope for many good offices from him; and even had he had the will, and should he have it still, he would not dare, being a pensioner of England, having a stipend from the Queen, and a gratification from her of more than 25,000 crowns for the last four years. Monsieur de Châteauneuf may have informed his Majesty of the truth, which will keep me from wearying you further. A rumour has been current here for some days past that it was desired to alter the court and the religion there, which has arisen from the fear that the ministers have of it, who recognise that the King of Scotland does not love them at all, they having preached only sedition; also that the factious English, who see themselves now with little strength, and many Catholic lords of this kingdom speak more openly against them and their religion than they have done, and increase every day in friends and in desire to chase them from about their King. And that which draws many yet more against them is that the captains and soldiers who were preparing to go to Flanders for the service of the Queen of England, and who had employed much of their means in this hope, are countermanded. Which I will refer, however, my Lord, to your better advice to say to his Majesty if you deem it fitting. 30 Nov. 1586.

1 p. French. Copy. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig., C. IX., fol. 594.

Copy of the same.

170. William Waad to Mr. William Davison. Elizabeth. [Nov. 30. 1586.] C.P., vol. XX.

It may please your honour, Mr. Secretary Walsingham let me understand her majesty's pleasure for the seeking out of the accounts of the Scottish Queen which were amongst her writings. And because the coffers were left, as I take it, in her majesty's gallery at Windsor, there is a messenger sent thither for to bring them to the Court by cart, with a man of my own that assisted in the conveying of the same hither, and knows the chests, if they should happen to be removed to any other room, which it may please your honour to let her majesty understand.

This day I have given my attendance here on the Queen [of England], otherwise would have waited on your honour. Cecil House. Signed: W. Waad.

¾ p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

171. Burghley to Shrewsbury. [Nov. 30.] Lansd. 982, fol. 75.

Here are ambassadors from France and Scotland to press her majesty to stay further proceedings against the Queen of Scots. From France a grave councillor named Bellièvre; he hath had an audience, but was answered that, if the King of France understood her majesty's peril, he would not press her.

"The Scotts ambassadour, Mr. Keith, being but a young man, useth great earnestness, but with small reason." Lord Buckhurst was sent to the Scottish Queen to declare the sentence, and that parliament required the publication thereof, and offered some divine to instruct her; she refused, and desired licence to write her will, which was granted. "Whether she look to dye or not I know not. The sentence was subscribed yesterday by all the commissioners that were here at parliament, and I have answered for your lordship that you will not faile to signe at any time, and to [sic] left space for your name." The session shall be prorogued on Friday next to mid-February or March. On Friday our sentence shall be published by proclamation, which will trouble the ambassadors. Westminster. 30 Nov. 1586.

1 p. Copy.

172. Monsieur Courcelles to Chateauneuf. [Nov. 30.] Cott. Calig., C. IX., fol. 593.

I wrote to you fully five or six days before the departure of the Lord Kit, whom the King his sovereign is sending into England, what I had been able to learn of the will of the King of Scotland towards the Queen his mother, whereof I promise myself that by now some good effects will have been perceptible. For he tells me that he has given very express charge to the said William Kit, his servant, and that he has promised him to employ himself with all the care and diligence that may be in him for the said Queen his mother, and to insist with the Queen of England that she should have more gracious treatment than that which she has had since the accusation that some of her enemies and ill-wishers have wished to impose upon her; having also expressly charged him to go to seek you and to join himself to you, in order that your united requests may so much the sooner produce the effect of a favourable treatment for the said Queen his mother, and whereof he promised me to write to him again by the first despatch, having received no news since his departure until this hour, when I have news from his majesty. Upon that which it shall please you to command me, I shall not fail to see the said King of Scotland, in order to let him know what you shall judge to be of importance for the good of the affairs of his mother, whom he makes a show of greatly affecting, and of not wishing to forsake her in this affliction. You will be able to know more of his will towards her by the said Lord Kit, who is a very worthy man, but a little English. I sent him a packet for you when he was ready to start; I do not doubt that you have received it and have sent those which were for her majesty, as I beg you to do with those here inclosed. There is nothing new in this realm to be written to you; and yet I suppose there may be some rumour current of some change of religion, whereunto credence must not lightly be given; and I think that such a rumour has arisen from the fear that the factionaries of England have conjured up that it was desired to change this court, which could not be but by the means of many Catholic lords of this realm who are upon their guard. Also the Earl of Morton, who is a Catholic and who lives on the borders, having taken up arms, at least holding himself on his guard by reason of the Earl of Angus, whom he asserts to be his enemy, and who is on his way with some soldiers to give order to the said borders and to the pillage and larceny which are committed there every day, has put the ministers of this realm in alarm, inasmuch as they know well that he does not love them at all and would drive them away if he could; as many others of this realm would likewise do who love them no better.

Thanking you most humbly, my lord, for the advice that it pleases you to give me about my man who has returned to me; whom I will not fail to observe exactly, and he must go by a very secret road if having some ill intention I do not discover it, etc.

1¼ pp. French. Copy.

173. Bond of David Stewart. [Nov.]

To all those who shall see or hear these present letters, William Makartney and William Rutherfurde, bailies and magistrates of Leith, in Scotland, greeting. We make known that before us and John Guthré, our notary, appeared personally the honourable gentleman David Steuart of Vezines, son and heir apparent of the right honourable William Steuart of Vezines in France. Who has deposed and declared with his consent and will that forasmuch as he being detained in the town of Edunburg in Scotland by many necessities in the months of June, July, August, September and October last past, surrounded by the plague, in such sort that he being a foreign gentleman born in France, destitute of all means and succour of things necessary for the support of life, were it not that God the pitiful Father had raised up a gentleman named Thomas Murray, servant of the King our master, to withdraw the said Vezines the younger, by sufficient caution which the said Thomas Murray gave to the creditors (without which he could not have left) of the said town where he was detained during the plague, and where but for God's help he had perished of sickness: how also being set free by the said Thomas and having "defrayed" him in prison with provisions in his very great need and entertained him since that time at the court, succoured during the fury of the civil disturbance, in short having furnished him with victuals at his embarcation and disbursed money to conduct him to France: the said David Steuart confesses and has bound himself before and in presence of the said parties above named, his heirs, successors and assigns, his body, lands, rents, goods movable and immovable, present, purchased and future wheresoever they may be found, submitting himself to all jurisdictions civil and criminal as well without France as within, to content and faithfully pay and restore to the said Thomas Murray, his heirs, successors and assigns, the sum of [ ] crowns of the sun, or for every one of them fifty shillings of money of Scotland, between the date of the present and [ ]. At the issue whereof the payment of the said sum being not duly and lawfully made, he binds himself and his aforesaid to pay to the said Thomas and his aforesaid all the damages and the interest which may have accrued since the term failed of payment and all according to the laws of France. Leith. [No date.]

1 p. French. Indorsed.