Henry VIII: April 1525, 1-15 | British History Online

Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 4, 1524-1530. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1875.

'Henry VIII: April 1525, 1-15', in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 4, 1524-1530, (London, 1875) pp. 538-556. British History Online https://www.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol4/pp538-556 [accessed 26 April 2024]

April 1525



[April.] Lettere di Principi, II. 161 b.	1231. The BP. OF BAYEUX to ROBERTET.
	I cannot endure this long delay of the duke of Albany, whatever may be its cause, knowing that the enterprise which so signally failed will become much more dubious, both by reason of the time given to the enemy, and because it is not carried on with reputation and vigour. In fact, if time had not been lost at Lucca and Sienna, either Naples by this time would have been the King's, or the Imperialists would have abandoned the duchy of Milan. The moneys obtained from those territories will scarcely suffice to pay for the time which has been lost in gaining them. The enemy take courage when they see it is intended to pursue so great an enterprise with these moneys only. Rome, ... 1525.
	Ital.
R. T. 137. R. O. Teulet, I. 46.	1232. FRANCE and SCOTLAND.
	Instructions given by the Lords of the Council of Scotland to Patrick Houymes. (fn. 1)
	To show the French king, or the Council in his absence, the great regret with which they have heard the news of Francis being taken prisoner. That Albany at his last departure from Scotland promised to return before Aug. 1524, with succors from France, and, owing to his not doing so, the country has suffered great losses. That the Council have at great expence sent ambassadors to desire peace with England, comprehending their old allies, which Henry would not listen to. That while the ambassadors were in that country, Francis sent an envoy to Scotland with power to allow them to make peace for eight months without comprehending France, on which orders were instantly sent to the ambassadors at London to negotiate it; but the king of England, hearing of the misfortune that had befallen Francis, refused to grant it for so short a period, and insisted it should be at least till the Scotch king attained his majority, and without comprehending France. That the Lords, notwithstanding that they had hoped for the truce, have always kept up the war, waiting from day to day for succors which they have not received, so that the said eight months are almost past, and the frontiers are so wasted that they are almost destroyed. That as they could not be induced to forsake the French, England had made great preparations to invade them.
	Wymes shall, therefore, request the governors of France to help to keep up the war (fn. 2) on the English possessions in France, and send to Scotland succors of money, artillery, and ammunition, and 200 gunners, with all diligence, or allow them to make a separate peace for three or four years, or till their King come of age. Parliament is to meet on the 6th July to put the affairs of the kingdom in order, and Hume is to press for a full and speedy answer, which may be received in Scotland by that time.
	French.
Calig. D. IX. 116. B. M.	1233. D. JOACHIN to THOS. LARK.
	* * * "... dolce suave et fructuosa compagnia come vi seps ... de ma senza comparacione magior si fece per esserme par ... te el si longe mie fatiche re infecta, delche hora piu dis ... io voluto scrivervi a confirmacion maxima de guelle ragion chal hor ... vi ricorda, alegay." Urges that if the affair be duly considered, it is the interest of Wolsey, considering the temper and disposition of the Emperor, and how formidable he is likely to prove by his success, rather to strengthen than relax the arrangements with France, that by so doing he may turn an afflicted neighbour into a most obliged friend. Insists much on the resolution and unanimity of the French nobles and bishops for the defence of France. They have gathered round Madame, offering their services, and are ready and sufficient not merely to take the defensive, but also the offensive.
	Gives an account of their forces mounted and on foot, and also of the artillery. Albany has a complete army with many French captains. The Chancellor and others of the Council have received proofs of the good disposition of all the states, and of the economical management of their finances, occasioned by the present misfortune; they will turn their means to better uses than before. The captivity of the King will rally round him his friends and allies who were hitherto dispersed, and I am persuaded that, in this our calamity, efforts will be more hopeful for healing this universal plague [among Christian princes].
	Desires Larch to use his best services in representing these matters to Wolsey, and second them with all his power.
	Then follows a passage so much mutilated as not to be quite intelligible, about Wolsey's taking the helm, and conducting into port * * * So great is the devotion of all the French to their King that although the French prisoners at the last battle were offered their liberty by Bourbon on condition of not serving against the Imperialists for a certain period, part refused; part, unable to do otherwise, consented, and were liberated; but the promise made in captivity is not obligatory, and cannot interfere with their native loyalty to their sovereign. The prince of Talamon, heir of De Tremoille, a relative of Bourbon, notwithstanding his intimacy with him, to show his devotion to Madame, has offered to pay 5,000 ... to the Viceroy for a safe-conduct and licence [to come to France].
	Ital., pp. 6. Very much mutilated. Add. Endd.: A Dño Joachino.
1 April. R. O.	1234. WOLSEY to [HENRY VIII.] (Postscript of a letter.)
	I have received your gracious token by the hands of Sir Thos. Boleyn, treasurer of your household, who tells me that you will come here if it be to the advancement of your affairs. Nothing would be better for the speedy execution of your causes than your presence, where I could from time to time consult you. "Wherefore, if it shall please your Grace to take the pain to come to this my poor house, the same shall not only be to the setting forth of your said causes, but also to my singular rejoicing, consolation, and comfort. And as welcome shall your Grace be as heart can think." Signed.
	P. 1.
1 April. Cleop. F. VI. 336. B. M. Ellis, 3 Ser. I. 376.	1235. DUKE OF NORFOLK to WOLSEY.
	Ordered the sheriff to assemble at Norwich the gentlemen mentioned in the enclosed bill, on Wednesday the 29th of this month. (fn. 3) Sent to Sir Roger Townesend and Sir John Skelton to meet him on Tuesday last, at White's coming, with the commissions. Rode to Norwich on Wednesday; arranged for the loans; ordered fires to be made in every town on Sunday, and the overthrow of the French king to be declared to the people. Has for the present deferred proceeding into Suffolk. Has placed the mayor of Norwich in the commission, declaring to him and others the prosperous affairs in Italy. After dinner they returned to the Duke, and told him that it would be very commodious at this time to invade France, but they could not raise the money required. They offered, however, their plate; gilt plate at 4s. per oz., parcel gilt at 4s. 8d., white plate at 3s. 4d. They said that the prosperity of the city depended on worsted and straw making, and the hands must be paid weekly. The Duke told him that he had no commission to take their hands to be set to the book after those prices; but he would not refuse their offer, and would advertise the King of it. Wishes to know what he ought to do;—thinks the offer should be accepted, and that dandipratts might be coined, as at the going of Henry VII. to Boulogne, and these would be good enough to spend in France. Though these commissioners have behaved so well, is afraid there will be great difficulty in raising the money generally throughout the country. Kenynghale, 1 April.
	To my lord Legate, &c.
1 April. Vit. B. VII. 95. B. M.	1236. TREATY PROPOSED BY THE POPE.
	As the late victory of the Imperialists in Italy seems to put an end to the war which has afflicted Christendom, and especially Italy, Clement VII. proposes to join the Emperor, Henry VIII., and the archduke of Austria in a league against the Turks, who, profiting by the dissensions of Christendom, have conquered many towns and provinces, and threatened Hungary, Dalmatia and Italy. He has accordingly made the following treaty with the Imperial ambassadors, Aloisius de Corduba duke of Suessa, and Jo. Bartholomæus de Gattinaria, subject to the approval of England.
	1. The Pope and Emperor to be perpetual allies, friends of friends, and enemies of enemies, and to be bound to defend each other's possessions within Italy and without. 2. A place to be left for all Italian Powers that desire to be included in the treaty, and give in their names within twenty days,—as the duke of Milan, the Florentine republic, and the marquis of Mantua have done already. 3. The Emperor, England, and the Archduke to take under their protection the Pope, the house of Medici, and the Italian Powers adhering to the treaty, especially Florence; the Pope in like manner protecting the Emperor, King, and Archduke in all their rights, especially in the kingdom of Naples. 4. The Emperor, King, and Archduke to withdraw their protection from all subjects of the Holy See within twenty days. 5. If a war is to be undertaken against the Turks, the confederates must consult as to the amount of aid which each shall contribute, and in order to avoid delay they shall empower their ambassadors at Rome to arrange the matter with the Commissioners of the Pope and Emperor. 6. Rebels and declared enemies of any confederate shall not be allowed to remain in the country of another, but after ten days' notice be apprehended and delivered up, if demanded. Rome is excepted, being the common fatherland, and a place of refuge, except to the rebels of the Emperor, king of England, and archduke of Austria. 7. This treaty affords no protection to other treaties, either with confederates or not, if they are contrary to this; but it is not intended to interfere with any treaties made or to be made between the Emperor and king of England. 8. This treaty will be in force from the day on which it is settled, and will last a year longer than the lives of any of the contracting parties, none of whom shall enter into a treaty to the prejudice of this without the consent of the others. In the case of Italian princes who may be comprehended, the treaty will endure from their admission till a year after the death either of the Pope or of the Emperor; and they must not enter any other treaty without consent of the Pope and Emperor. 9. The three temporal princes promise to persecute the heretics; 10. and to assist the Pope in reforming the Church. 11. If the Emperor wishes to come to Rome to be crowned, the Pope will treat him with all honor, and will oppose by spiritual and temporal arms all who endeavor to hinder him from coming. 12. These conditions are to be ratified in four months, and to be observed by their agents and leaders, until ambassadors arrive with certain powers. 13. In anything for which the assent of the Emperor, England, and the Archduke may be required, it may be signified by the agents of the Pope and by Charles de la Noy, viceroy of Naples, as captain of the Holy League. Done at St. Peter's, Rome, 1 April 1525, in the presence of the Pope, and of the ambassadors of the Emperor, Aloysius, duke of Suessa, Jo. Barth. de Gattinaria,—of England, Jo. Clerk, bishop of Bath,—and of Ferdinand Peter Salamanca. Signed by the Pope and the said ambassadors.
	Lat., copy, pp. 8.
R. O.	2. Draft of the preceding, without date, and omitting the 13th article.
	Lat., pp. 9. Endd. by Tunstal: Copia Novi Fœderis.
1 April. Vesp. C. III. 129. B. M. Ellis, 3 Ser. I. 347.	1237. SAMPSON to [WOLSEY].
	Roger Basyng, the King's servant, arrived here on March 22, with letters to the Emperor from the King and Wolsey, letters from Wolsey to himself of Feb. 21, the Emperor's letters taken by the watch, copies of letters from the ambassador there to lady Margaret, from Wolsey to the bishop of Bath and Mr. Secretary, to Sir John Russell, instructions to Sir Gregory Casalis, and Italian news sent to Joachin. Went on the 24th to the Emperor, who was the day before in recreations after his sickness. After he had read the King's and Wolsey's letters, explained to him the interception of his ambassador's despatches, and gave him an account of it in Latin, with the dangers that such an ambassador might produce. Encloses a copy of the writing. He answered that he was glad to hear from his brother the King,—that he was sorry his ambassador had behaved thus, and that the letters had been intercepted, but was glad the interception was none otherwise. He was surprised, however, that as the letters were intercepted by chance, the others to the Fulkars should have been restrained by force, and said that the takers of the first letters were worthy of punishment.
	Answered, that Wolsey, finding what was in the first letters, thought it better to stop the second also, till the Emperor was informed of it. He said it would have been better to have given back the first letters to his ambassador, for nothing his ambassador could say would have made him suspect Henry or Wolsey; that by withholding these letters, he is ignorant of English affairs, and of other matters therein contained. He will speak with his Council about it. Told him, that although it was now past by the other news of the victory, the chancellor of Alençon had come well instructed with convenient offers. He answered that he had more cause to do so now than before.
	March 25. The gentleman arrived who brought the news of the victory to England, with congratulatory letters from the King and Wolsey to the Emperor. Delivered them this afternoon; he was much pleased, especially that an honorable personage was coming from England. Told him the said personage would show him the King's mind more at length, and meantime the King wished to know his further pleasure, for he was ready to take whatever way the Emperor would. He promised a speedy answer after deliberation with his Council. Spoke again about the ambassador, asking him to consider his past behavior, and the danger of his continuing there, and offered to prove to him by copies of letters the diligence that Wolsey has used about his affairs in Italy.
	He answered, that he never had nor would have any suspicion of the King in consequence of reports; he believes him too virtuous to change his mind after the friendship that has passed between them, and the causes they have for unity. Said he might trust equally in Wolsey. He said he never suspected him, although some things had been done there much to the hindrance of his affairs, and Wolsey had many times spoken so as to cause his ambassador to suspect; still he considered Wolsey his very friend; and as he was faithful to his master, he could not but be faithful to the Emperor also. He perceived, he said, nothing in the letters to move Wolsey so much, and thinks he would often find worse words. Wolsey may be sure he does not intend to revenge himself. Told him of the four principal points of Mons. Bevers's charge, which he had heard before. He answered only the last, that his brother, with certain towns, was asked as hostage for the delivery of the Princess; to which he said that he had no power over his brother, and, as to the towns, the ambassadors had no such commission. Answered that she was the only child, that there was no mistrust of the Emperor, but if he died before the marriage it would be necessary to have her safely restored.
	M. de la Schaulx is gone to Portugal to bring the Queen's daughter, whom she left there. Sends copies of letters from the French king's mother to the Emperor, Nassau, and Le Schaulx, written on hearing of the victory. There was no knowledge here of the King's purpose to aid the Emperor's army till these letters came, except the 50,000 cr. to be given after the battle, which were not much esteemed. One crown before they esteemed more than forty after. De Rieux (fn. 4) has just gone hence through France to Italy, to discover how the French are disposed to the Emperor's conditions about himself and Bourbon; and as to the King, that he be either fully restored or satisfied. Has shown the chief councillors Wolsey's endeavors in the affairs of the Emperor, the Pope, and Venice, which they did not know, and the manner of the detention of the letters. Both the Emperor and his Council are well content with Wolsey's conduct.
	The letters to the Pope were a great help, for he was in despair of England, and Venice also. Showed them Wolsey's chief letters. They esteem the interception of the letters a very grievous matter, both on its own account, and for the reports that may arise. They say that the courier, who was an Englishman, was taken by More's servants, and he and the letters taken by More to Wolsey, and they believe that a packet given to Tuke for lady Margaret was first taken, and that then those to the Emperor were purposely intercepted. Has tried to make them believe what Wolsey wrote about it. The Emperor writes about it by the gentleman who brought the news to England, who is returning with a charge to the King, but what Sampson does not know. Has charged this bearer to be before him, that Wolsey may know of it first. They confess here that the ambassador was very indiscreet, but will not hear of his removal; but if Wolsey would pass over the matter for three or four months, means might be found to change him; to do so now would be a dishonor to the Emperor. He is, however, to be admonished.
	"The Emperor is very desirous of the personage who should come now," and will not declare his mind till he comes. Told him that if he would do so now, time would be saved. He answered that there would be time enough for the armies to "win lodgings in the enemies' ground" before the hard time of the year, and meantime the inclinations of the French would be known. There is no hope of the King's obtaining the aid he desires, 3,000 horse and certain foot, and 100,000 or 50,000 ducats for their support, nor yet ordnance, except for a battle, for they think the King "should make the rest of any conquest with his own charge." The Emperor will entirely maintain his army in Italy, and make an entry on this side, if the case require. Sends other letters which were written before to send when there was opportunity. Sends a book, printed in Spanish, about the victory. It is said that Mons. d'Alençon is returned to France, and that Ric. de la Pole was slain "there." Writes also to the King. Madrid, 1 April 1525.
	Hol., pp. 8.
1 April. Vesp. C. III. 134. B. M.	1238. SAMPSON to [WOLSEY].
	Since closing his other letters, there has come a servant of the archbishop of Capua to the Nuncio who arrived here lately. He came through France, but only reports that Brian, the French king's minion, is coming to the Emperor with Don Hugo, captain of the imperial galleys, who was taken prisoner by Janes (Genoa?) Advises that the personage coming from the King be sent with diligence, for no efforts will be omitted on the part of France. Has, however, great trust in the Emperor's constancy. Thinks the King should not show himself very anxious to prosecute the war unless the enemy be obstinate. Some of the Council have told him that in England they are bent on doing marvels against a prisoner; also that Henry should not "set forth much practices" about the Emperor and the French king, but only for his own affairs; for though the Emperor would take it well, the Council would resent interference in their master's interests. Has charged the bearer to use diligence and take a zabre. Madrid, 1 April 1525.
	Hol., pp. 2.
1 April. Calig. B. III. 158. B. M.	1239. WILLIAM FRANKELEYN to WOLSEY.
	On Tuesday, 28 March, 400 highlanders and Scotch thieves overran Yngoo and Kirkeheton, in Northumberland, to within eight miles of Newcastle. They are so audacious because it is bruited by lord Dacre's friends that he shall have the whole governance of the country. Hexhamshire, Wardale, and other countries near the bishopric, are in hourly danger. Requests a warrant to be sent to the prior of Durham, for paying the garrison at Norham according to his Grace's arrangement with Bulmer. Durham, 1 April.
	Hol., p. 1. Add.: "To, &c., my lord Cardinal's grace."
3 April. R. O.	1240. WOLSEY to TUNSTAL and SIR RIC. WINGFIELD.
	Since they left, a servant of the Emperor's has arrived from Spain with letters to De Praet, and orders to pass immediately to Lady Margaret. When he left Spain, there was no news of the battle in Italy, but I have got the president of Malains to disclose more secrets than Bevers would. The said letters stated that, as Francis was in Italy, the Emperor wished the King to make an invasion, offering to send into Narborne a force of 800 men-at-arms, 500 light horse, 7,000 Spaniards, and 4,000 Almains, with artillery, besides maintaining the army in Italy, and assisting the King with 3,000 horse and 1,000 foot from the Low Countries. Although thus informed of the Emperor's intention, De Praet wished the Lady Margaret to know of it before the King or Wolsey, that, whatever was concluded, she might have most of the thanks. This mode of proceeding I "deciphered" out of the president apart, and told him that if Margaret wished to be thanked (which she had not much deserved, for everything is due to the Emperor), she should increase the number of horsemen to 4,000, and the foot to 3,000. He said he thought my Lady might be induced to do it, but it would be difficult to persuade them to go so far from their frontiers as Normandy. Told him that if the King landed at Calais, sending part of his army by sea into Normandy, they could not object to their aid joining and marching where he thought best. This seemed to content him, and he promised to advertise my Lady. You are advertised of all this, that you may know what were the Emperor's inclinations before the battle.
	A clause was omitted in your instructions, declaring that if the Emperor, intending to invade in person should say it was not right to charge him with maintaining Bourbon, that then it was agreed by word of mouth that the Duke should command the forces in the Low Countries; which should be somewhat increased. You must propose this matter by degrees: first, the Emperor and the King are each to contribute half to Bourbon's entertainment, the King's portion to be deducted from what the Emperor owes him; secondly "this failing, the King's grace, rather than fail, will bear the whole 30,000l. last lent unto the Emperor, his Majesty supporting the rest, and the same to be paid by the Emperor in deduction of the said debt." If neither of these is feasible, propose the Duke's going to the Low Countries as aforesaid.
	Sends commissions and letters in the King's, the Queen's and Wolsey's own hand, with an emerald which the Princess sends to the Emperor; and you shall say "her Grace hath devised this token for a better knowledge to be had, when God shall send them grace to be together, whether his Majesty do keep himself as continent and chaste as with God's grace she woll, whereby ye may say his Majesty may see that her assured love towards the same hath already such operation in her that it is also confirmed by jealousy, being one of the greatest signs and tokens of hearty love and cordial affection." Westminster, 3 April. Signed.
	Pp. 3. Add. Endd.: "From my lord Cardinal."
4 April. R. O.	1241. THOMAS DUKE OF NORFOLK to WOLSEY.
	Hears that lord Marney is not likely to live. In case he die before Norfolk's return, begs Wolsey to remember the wardship of one of his two daughters was promised him by the King. Has conferred with Suffolk about practising the grant. They hope to be with the King on St. George's even; but will not leave till they have practised all the rates, and know what will come of them. Six or seven small French sail of 24 to 60 tons have been cruising about the coasts of Norfolk and Suffolk, and have taken within ten days past five divers crays. Thinks the King should send to Orford Nas one of his smallest sail, and another of 100 or 80 tons, now in the narrow seas, till others can be sent. They should come quickly, and "be appointed of the most swyper with a sail of others," else they will do little good. Kenyngale, 4 April.
	P.S. in his own hand: On Thursday, Friday and Saturday all the rates from 20l. and upwards will be practised in Norfolk and Suffolk; on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, from 20l. downwards. Signed.
	P. 1. Add.: To my lord Legate.
5 April. R. O.	1242. ITALY.
	The substance of letters of 5 April 1525.
	The Pope thanks the King and Wolsey for befriending him, especially in these most perilous times, when many thought after the victory his affairs were in the worst condition on account of the league made with Francis before his arrival in Italy. The bishop of Bath also gives great satisfaction to his Holiness.
	In order to restore peace in Italy, his Holiness thinks some confederation necessary; and a league has been concluded, so far as he is concerned, according to the enclosed copy, but it has not yet been published or ratified, for want of authority from the Emperor. The league could not be more honorable to the king of England, according to Clerk's opinion; and it will appear better when the articles are published, which Clerk shall receive. The Pope will pay to the Imperialists and Florentines 100,000 ducats. The duke of Ferrara will pay 50,000, the Siennese 15,000, the marquis of Montferrat 15,000, the duke of Milan a very great sum; and what the Genoese will pay is not yet known. He hopes that the Imperial leaders will remove the troops in the States of the Church to prevent further devastation, at the instance of the King and Cardinal, and that they will also give their assistance in composing the difficulties with the Venetians.
	Today Barth. Gattinara went back to the Emperor, and will probably have to carry the articles from the Viceroy to the Emperor. Albany left eight days ago by sea, for Provence, with 4,000 men victualled, only for fifteen days. Renzius followed him, and could take only 30 of the 70 horse with him. Fever is very prevalent here. The castellan of St. Angelo and Cardinal de Jacobatiis have died of it. The Pope is in good health. The king of France is at Pizguitone. The Emperor has not yet sent his resolution. The marquis of Pescara holds Carpi.
	Lat., pp. 2. Headed: "Substantia literarum de quinta Aprilis 1525." Endd.: "Copia."
5 April. Cleop. F. VI. 339. B. M. Ellis, 3 Ser. I. 367.	1243. ARCHBISHOP WARHAM to WOLSEY.
	At the sitting of the commission at Otford, March 30, obtained from the contributors the names and sums enclosed. It will be hard to raise the money, specially as other parliamentary grants are now payable. Reports, for the secret ear of the Cardinal, the dissatisfaction prevailing: 1. That the people speak cursedly, saying they shall never have rest of payments as long as some (fn. 5) liveth. 2. That some of the commissioners, through fear of the people, will only announce the King's command without pressing it further, leaving the obnoxious portion to the Archbishop. 3. That complaint is made that the loan is not repaid, nor will this grant be. 4. They would give, but cannot; and will not at any other than the King's appointment. 5. That too much coin of the realm is exported already into Flanders. 6. That it would be the greatest means of enriching France to have all his money spent there, out of the realm; and if the King win France, he will be obliged to spend his time and revenues there. 7. They are sorry, rather than other- wise, at the captivity of Francis I. 8. That all the sums already spent on the invasion of France have not gained the King a foot more land in it than his father had, "which lacked no riches or wisdom to win the kingdom of France if he had thought it expedient."
	Would have been glad if the time had allowed "that this practising with the people for so great sums might have been spared to the cuckoo time, and the hot weather (at which time mad brains be most busy) had been passed." Otford, 5 April.
	Add.: My good lord of York, legate de Latere, &c.
5 April.	1244. For St. MARY'S, GLASTONBURY, Bath and Wells diocese.
	Restitution of temporalities on the election of Ric. Whiting as abbot, vice Ric. Bere, deceased, by Wolsey, to whom the abbey delegated its right of election. Whiting was confirmed by John abbot of St. Peter's, Westminster, and John Dowman, LL.D., the Cardinal's commissioners. Westm., 5 April.
	Pat. 16 Hen. VIII. p. 1, m. 38.
6 April. Vit. B. VII. 102. B. M. Ellis, 2 Ser. I. 317.	1245. CLERK to WOLSEY.
	Received, 28 March, his letters of the 6th. Has accordingly shown the Emperor's ambassador the new commission made by the King and Wolsey for their necessity, enlarging on the King's benevolence to them and to the Emperor's affairs in Italy; at which they were greatly rejoiced, and they suppose that when Wolsey hears of the success in Lombardy he will make further demonstration. Thinks he can do no less than pay them as much of the King's money as he can, and has therefore authorized them to take 23,000 cr. from the merchants who have received the King's money, at such price as they can agree upon,—the Imperialists to bear the loss; to which, with much ado, they have agreed. They will have much trouble to get it from the merchants, who demand all their letters of exchange retained by Wolsey in England. His bond will be accepted for their delivery by a day, if Wolsey will send them back, or else quittances by Wyat. The whole sum in the handling of the Turcuplier and of Russell was 46,000 cr. of the sun. 2,000 cr. remained with Russell, who is not here; and Clerk knows he has spent a great part of it, for he had no other money. Fermar has 8,000 cr., my lord of St. John's 10,000 cr., and Clerk 3,000 cr., of which he asked Wolsey to allow 1,000 for his diets; and he sent the bills of the rest to England. The Imperialists will receive the 23,000 cr. and Clerk's 2,000 cr.
	Has written to Pace to pay them in Venice 20,000 cr. more; so they will receive 45,000 cr. of the sun. Wolsey reckons 46,000 cr. of the sun equal to 50,000 other crowns; and he has therefore told them they shall receive 50,000 cr., less 1,000 cr. spent in the transmission. For this they are very thankful. Thinks it better to fall short than to exceed his commission; besides, they are not now in such extremity, for by this recent league they will obtain large sums. It was not comprised in the articles "for the more honesty," but Clerk believes that the Pope and Florentines will pay 100,000 ducats, the Venetians 150,000 ducats, the duke of Ferrara 150,000 ducats, and Mantua, Luke, Senys, Genua, Saluce, and Monteferratt at least 100,000 between them. Besides this, they ha[ve levied] in sundry cities in the duchy of Milan since the victory at least a i[ij.] or four score thousand ducats, and more comes in daily. The Emperor's money also will arrive shortly. For this reason, was in doubt whether he should deliver them any of the King's money; but on receiving Wolsey's letter determined to do so, because it is to the King's honor to keep his promise, and that these captains should keep up their courage, as they say openly they will undertake nothing more upon the Emperor's promises. The Imperial army is chiefly in the territories of Parma and Pleasance. The Pope says they have already eaten and destroyed to the value of 200,000 ducats; and if they continue long, the territories will be destroyed for ever. It was for this reason that the Pope hurried on the league, which was concluded on the 1st instant, between his Holiness and the agents of the King and Emperor, according to the articles enclosed; and though they do not quite agree with those concluded, they are not very different, especially in matters concerning the King, who is included as principal contrahent, rather for reputation than any benefit on either side. He has an honorable part without charge; so Clerk accepted it, though he had no commission. Wolsey may, therefore, send him one at his pleasure. Those he has hitherto had have been for treating of peace and truce with Francis, and particular points about the payment of money and Italian matters, which were not expressly mentioned.
	The Emperor will, doubtless, get large sums of money, besides what he will have yearly from Milan, which must be considered in treating with him. Went yesterday to the Pope with the Scotch solicitors in the matters about which Wolsey has written. He told them that for the King's sake, who had written in their behalf, they should have all possible favor in the bishop of Dunkeld's matter. As to the archbishop of St. Andrew's, the Pope is loth to revoke the archbishop of Glasgow's exemption, for whom James has written, as Wolsey will see by the enclosed copy. Besides, the Scotch here say that the Archbishop has been engaged in a new conspiracy against the King and Queen. Delays, therefore, to speak for him till he hears more. The Pope desires to be recommended to Wolsey, and says that all his trust is in him. Asks him to use good words to the Papal agent, that it may be seen that Clerk has done his message. Assures him that any such demonstration is thankfully taken. Albany sailed this week towards France. Rome, 6 A[pril]. Signed.
	Pp. 9, mutilated. Add.: To my lord Legate's grace. Endd.
6 April. Cal. B. VI. 93. B. M. St. P. IV. 355.	1246. RO. BISHOP OF DUNKELD and ALEXANDER ABBOT OF CAMBUSKENNETH to WOLSEY.
	Transmit a letter of the master of the posts, just received, with two letters to themselves. Had they received sufficient instructions for peace, would have spared no pains to return. As England has absolutely refused to agree to the abstinence, my lord of St. Andrew's desires they will make the better speed home, that Parliament may be called and a peace concluded. Huntingdon, 6 April. Signed.
	Add.: "To my lord Cardinal's grace."
6 April. Galba, B. VIII. 111. B. M.	1247. MARGARET OF SAVOY to WOLSEY.
	Understands from her ambassador's letters the terms on which they are with the King and Wolsey. Writes to them what she thinks she can and ought to do, waiting news from the Emperor. Would have recalled De Praet, had it been in her power. Has written to the King, hearing it said that he would have had De Praet punished before he left England. Cannot believe the King has ever thought of it. Has desired the English ambassador to write, and ordered her ambassadors to ask the King to send him back. If he insists on his punishment, will send the letters of the King and Wolsey to the Emperor. Brussels, 6 April '24. Signed.
	Fr., p. 1, mutilated. Add. Endd.
7 April. Galba, B. VIII. 111 b. B. M.	1248. MARGARET OF SAVOY to HENRY VIII.
	As soon as she heard that the King was displeased with De Praet, and had forbidden him the court, anticipating the Emperor's pleasure she ordered him to return to the Emperor or come hither. Desired the Emperor's ambassadors to ask that he may be sent back, but they write that the King would like to have him punished before he leaves England; which she thinks must be a mistake. Cannot believe Henry would commit such an outrage. Begs he may be sent back with De Beures and the president. If the King thinks he should be punished, will forward the whole case to the Emperor. Brussels, 7 April '24. Signed.
	Fr., p. 1. Add.
7 April. R. O.	1249. WOLSEY to TUNSTAL and SIR RIC. WINGFIELD.
	Sends copy of a letter from the bishop of Bath, received since he wrote last, stating that the Pope is minded to enter an offensive and defensive league with the King and Emperor, which the Nuncio here confirms;—that the Florentines and Venetians propose a defensive league between Italy and the Pope, who refuses it;—that the Pope wished to see the realm of France "diminished of certain great portions," and the Dauphin admitted to the crown thereof, and other matters, showing that the King has overtures enough made to him if he would leave the Emperor. It was reported to the Pope that the French king's mother intended to repair to the Emperor, which Wolsey can well believe. If she have power to treat, it is not likely he will agree to a personal invasion, or do any great feat of war, till he sees what will ensue therefrom. Considering the uncertainty of this matter, and that it is doubtful how soon sufficient money can be levied, though all the shires are ready to contribute,—that to invade Normandy eight days' victuals must be furnished, which will be very difficult,—that it is doubtful how the passage may be had by Blanchetake, which failing, the King will have on his back Monstel (Montreuil), Heding, Tirwyn, and Boleyn,—Wolsey has persuaded him to send Norfolk with the vanguard and the rearguard, numbering 20,000 men, besides the aid from Flanders, and himself to wait till he sees what the Emperor intends, and how the passage succeeds.
	They may show the Emperor the offers made by Italy and other parts to divert the King from him, and their fear lest Charles should become monarch of Christendom by marrying the Princess. Has mentioned this to his ambassadors here, stating that the potentates of Italy have offered the King 500,000 ducats to maintain his wars against France, and that they consent to the French king's son having the crown, and to Henry's taking large portions of his patrimony if he will give the Dauphin my lady Princess; all which he has utterly refused. The Scots, again, have offered that if Henry will give his daughter to their King, they will deliver him into the King's hands with certain Border towns, and abandon France for ever; which also he has refused, saying that he will not break his promise to the Emperor; and the ambassadors have departed without any conclusion of peace or truce. He trusts, therefore, that the Emperor will show mutual kindness, and not do or pass anything without the King's consent. These will be good grounds for pressing the Emperor to do what the King desires.
	Hears that Diego de Moncade is sent by the Viceroy to the Emperor, and with him, at the French king's request, Brion and Montmorency, probably to arrange for the coming of his mother.
	Sends copy of a writing sent to the Pope's ambassadors by the archbishop of Capua in confirmation of what my lord of Bath mentions, and that John Matheas meddles no more with state affairs, which are entrusted wholly to the Archbishop, so that Matheas is employed only in dating bulls, which if he had so done before had been to the Pope's great honor and reputation. Westminster, 7 April. Signed.
	Pp. 3. Add. Endd. by Tunstal: 7 Aprilis 1525.
7 April. Vesp. C. III. 157. B. M.	1250. TUNSTAL and WINGFIELD to [WOLSEY].
	Have received by Richmond Herald his letter of the 3rd, a great box sealed with his seal containing commissions, &c., and a token from the Princess to the Emperor. Perceive by his letter the Emperor's inclination before the battle; the dexterity with which Wolsey handled the President; and how they endeavored to have all the thanks for aid from Flanders attributed to my lady Margaret, they trying to get great thanks for little desert, after their accustomed manner. Will remember to put forward the clause omitted in their instructions about the contribution by the Emperor for Bourbon's support in the Low Countries.
	The day after their arrival here, went to Portsmouth to see in what readiness their ships were. Brygantine says they shall be ready by next Sunday, Palm Sunday. Will, meanwhile, ship their baggage, and on Monday their horses. Hampton, 7 April.
	Have received from Suffolk and the French queen a commission and instructions, to which they will attend. Signed.
	P. 1.
7 April. Vit. B. VII. 107. B. M.	1251. PACE to WOLSEY.
	Received on the 27th ult. his letters of the 5th. Sent immediately for Antoni Vi[val]di's correspondent and Nicolas Dode, who, on seeing the letters, offered to serve the King to the best of their power, though there was great scarcity of money. They asked how much he wanted, and when. Said he would write to Clerk, and let them know. Sent a courier at once, because he had heard that day from Clerk that he intended to pay the Imperialists a good part of the 50,000 cr. promised by the King, and he wished to know precisely how much, that he might act accordingly. Received answer yesterday that he would pay 24,000 or 25,000 cr., and wished Pace to procure 22,000 cr. of the sun. Has since received another letter that 20,000 cr. will suffice; which sum he desires Pace to pay in all haste to the Emperor's ambassador here, according to the agreement he made with the duke of Suessa at Rome. Sent immediately for the merchants, who, notwithstanding their promise, demand unreasonable gain; Dode 5s. 2d. to be repaid in England for every crown, and Vivalde's factor 4s. 9d. Would not take it at this excessive rate without informing Wolsey. If they come to a reasonable price, will receive it for the promise made by Clerk, but he sees no likelihood, as they say they have no money, and must take it by exchange. Asks Wolsey to make an order there about the price of the crown of the sun, for they cannot agree.
	Has written to Clerk to ask him if he can provide money cheaper there. The delay may be the better borne since the victory. The French king's mother has sent a Milanese exile to desire the Signory to help the delivery of her son. He told them that the realm would be governed by her and the Council, and that great preparations are made for its defence. The Signory sent an ambassador to reside in England six days ago. Doubts not Clerk has told him of the league concluded at Rome on the 1st. Venice, 7 April.
	The Emperor's brother has written to the Viceroy that 200,000 villains have risen in Almayne to defend Luther's heresy.
	Hol., pp. 7, mutilated. Add.: To my lord Legate's grace. Endd.
7 April. R. O.	1252. BEGHAM.
	Commission by Wolsey to Robt. bishop of Chichester and Wm. Burbank, for the visitation of the monastery of Begham, of the Premonstratene Order, and to inquire into certain scandals alleged against the abbot and monks. Westm., 7 April 1525. Sealed.
	Lat., vellum.
7 April. R. O. Ellis, 3 Ser. I. 330.	1253. SUFFOLK to WOLSEY.
	In favor of the priory of Conyssed, co. Lancashire, which Wolsey is pressed to take into the King's hands. The house is of great succor to the King's subjects, the prior of good and virtuous disposition. Eye, 7 April.
	Add.: My lord Card. grace.
8 April. R. O.	1254. TREATIES.
	Indenture dated 8 April 16 Hen. VIII., witnessing that Ric. Sparcheford, clerk, steward of the household to Cuthbert bishop of London, has delivered the following writings to Sir Thos. More, under treasurer. A box with four parchment instruments, two sealed with red wax, one with white, and one with lead; a paper indenture; a French letter, without the box; a paper indenture; and two parchment instruments with red seals, one a broad seal, the other less. Not signed.
	Endd.: Mr. More.
10 April. Vesp. C. III. 146. B. M.	1255. TUNSTAL and WINGFIELD to [WOLSEY].
	Have received Wolsey's letters of 7 April, with a copy of Clerk's of March 19, and news from Italy and Rome of the 15th and 16th. Perceive thereby the Pope's inclination to enter a league with the King and Emperor, and his refusal to join in one with the Venetians and Florentines for defence of Italy. His desire for the diminution of the realm of France, and the placing of the King's son on the throne, they will make known to the Emperor, if they do not find mutual kindness in him. The offer made by the Italian Powers to the King of 500,000 ducats for the maintenance of his wars against France if he will give his daughter to the French king's son, and so deliver Italy from fear of the Emperor's monarchy,—and the offer of the Scots, that if the Princess is married to their King they will give him up to Henry, with certain towns on the Borders,—both which have been disregarded by the King, hoping the Emperor would be constant,—they will show to Charles.
	Approve of the King's postponement of his personal invasion until the result of the proposed visit of Louise. Suggest that the Admiral should not advance his voyage till he hears of the Emperor's disposition, lest the Emperor should think the King considers himself powerful enough to do without him, and he will probably expect to be consulted. Hear from Portsmouth that the ships are ready as far as carpentry goes, but part of the victuals is here, and there is only one hoy in this town to carry them thither. Have sent for mariners to man another old hoy. The wind is westerly, and though they intend to go by the tides as far as Plymouth or Dartmouth, they fear it will drive them back more than the tide can advance them.
	A merchant stranger here, named Ant. Guidotti, hears from his factor in Guernsey that a Parliament has been held in France, and the Dauphin chosen King; and that another had been held in Brittany, and the Bretons were determined to have a Duke. Hampton, 10 April. Signed.
	Pp. 4.
10 April. Le Glay, Négociations, II. 598.	1256. ADRIAN DE CROY, LORD OF BEAURAIN AND RŒUX, to MARGARET OF AUSTRIA.
	As soon as the Emperor heard of the victory which God has given him over his enemies, he despatched Beaurain to Madame the Regent, on leaving whom he is to pass into Italy with instructions intended for Bourbon, the Viceroy, and himself. Arrived yesterday evening, and presented the Emperor's letters to the Regent. Communicated to her the said instructions. She finds the Emperor's demands very exorbitant. (fn. 6) Cannot see how any peace can be negotiated here, for they are braver than ever. Margaret should therefore entertain the English. Though by this last courier from Spain the Emperor has directed Margaret to keep matters in statu quo, without concluding a descent [by the English on France], Beaurain now thinks they ought to be urged to make it, and the sooner the better. Is sure that when the Emperor becomes acquainted with the state of affairs here,—which will be soon, as Chasteau is being sent back to his Majesty,—he will be of this opinion. As yet the French show no intention of offering anything, except the King's ransom, which is not our chief object. The Emperor was greatly pleased with what Monsr. de Bevres and the president of Mechlin had accomplished in England. St. Jeu dessus Lyons, 10 April.
	French.
R. O.	1257. CHARLES V. to [his AMBASSADORS in ENGLAND].
	"Extraict des lettres de l'Empereur."
	Is sending the Sieur d[e Bea]urains to Bourbon and the Viceroy, and will inform the king of England of whatever he does. "They are to tell the King and Legate that Charles does not intend to disarm in any quarter, and urges the King to make all necessary preparations for war, for it would not be wise to let slip this good fortune trusting to the fair words of the French.
	Another clause in the letter. Intends to maintain as much as possible his friendship with the King, and they may always say this on his part.
	Extract from Madame's letters.
	Has received their two letters of the 20th about their interviews with the King and Legate, of which De la Sauch also has given her an account. Has received a letter from the Sieur du Roeux, from Lyons, stating that the Emperor was sending him to Bourbon and the Viceroy to declare to them his intentions as to their charges. (fn. 7)
	Yesterday the sieur Meneze, escuier to the Archduke, on his way from Spain, sent her by the German posts a letter from the Emperor, of 28 March, saying that he had sent her news with word of his intention by sea. Retains De la Sauch till it arrives. Desires them to assure the Legate of her trust in him, and to ask him to hasten the warlike preparations, which she will do for her part. Until her said answer arrives they must occupy themselves about the safe-conducts, the safeguards and the fishery. As to the safe-conducts, which the King and Legate are willing either to prolong or to revoke, thinks they should be continued to French merchantships, or the French will grant none in return. They must ask permission for the merchants of Scotland and the Low Countries to trade together under the Emperor's safe-conduct, as the English and Scotch do under the safe-conduct of their sovereigns. Is content to do as the King wishes about the safeguards given by the Emperor to French subjects, and vice versâ; but she thinks those given by the Emperor to his subjects in Bapausmes, Hesdin, and other places taken by France, ought to be continued, and that the King ought not to allow his people to take the Emperor's subjects because they have favored the French. They must ask for the delivery of those already taken, as the receiver of Lannoy at Rolencourt in the bailliage of Hesdin. They must try to secure safety for the fishers; for, without it, it will be impossible for the people here to pay aids, or serve the Emperor in any way. Security for the French and Scotch fishers should be granted also.
	Fr., pp. 3. Add.: A Monseigneur le Legat.
R. O.	1258. NIC. WEST BISHOP OF ELY to WOLSEY.
	Cannot come up as he intended, on account of disease of his legs and other infirmities. His predecessors, by right of their Church, have always "had cognizance of pleyes of all matters within the Isle by reason of general words" in their charters and patents, but the present judges will not allow this "in an action of annuity," because the words are general. Hopes he will cause the judges to allow them cases as heretofore. It will injure neither the King nor any one else, but will bind the poor inhabitants "daily to pray for your prosperous estate; for by the same all they shall be greatly quieted." The bearer Mr. Mynn, his counsel, will explain further. Somersham. Signed.
	Pp. 2. Add.: To my lord Legate's grace.
10 April. Calig. B. VII. 1. B. M. St. P. IV. 358.	1259. MAGNUS to WOLSEY.
	Received on the 5th his letters of the 29th March, with particulars of the French king's overthrow, and instructions how to act towards the archbishop of St. Andrew's and others of the Council here, the Queen and the King, in delivering the King's letters; informing him also, that the Scotch ambassadors were at a point to return on the 3rd, and that Magnus was to get a prolongation of his safe-conduct. The young King and the Queen were then at Dundee with only Argyle and Lennox, the rest of the Council being dispersed,—St. Andrew's at Dunfermline, and Angus on the Borders. Sent to the Queen, who told him the King was too ill to see him, and put him off till Saturday, when they were to have returned to Edinburgh. The King is now recovered, and is today at Burlay. Tomorrow he is to be at Dunfermline, and next day, being Tenable Wednesday, at Edinburgh. My lord of St. Andrew's regrets the King is no better pleased with the answer given to Cassillis, but cannot do more till the Council assemble these Easter holidays. Angus keeps company with Magnus till the King and Queen come over the water. He maintains the Chancellor is well-minded to England, and that Scotland desires peace. Will try and get the young King to speak sharply to the Council in favor of his uncle. Is to have his safe-conduct prolonged a month. Is informed of the coming homeward of the ambassadors, by Carlisle Herald, in a letter dated Huntingdon the 5th inst. Edinburgh, 10 April. Signed.
	Add. Endd. by Wriothesley.
11 April. R. O.	1260. SUFFOLK to WOLSEY.
	Last week went through all Suffolk, except Ipswich, with the Commissioners, to induce the people to contribute to the grant for the King's voyage to France. Notwithstanding divers "allegements" of many of them to the contrary, the people are now conformable to the King's request. On Tuesday in Easter week will sit at Ipswich, and trusts to find the people conformable. They say they do not yet perceive that the spiritualty are put to any charges, and complain that public thanksgivings are not offered by them for the fall of the King's enemies, while the lay people are charged to pay, and have made fires in remembrance of it, according to the King's instructions. The Commissioners have answered to this that the spiritualty will not fail to pay double, and make general processions. There are ten French ships of war daily doing hurt on the coasts of Norfolk and Suffolk. Much corn is passing over by licence, which the King will want for his journey, and the price is thereby enhanced. Measures should be taken for defence of the coasts, and the said licences should be restrained. Will name the collectors when he and the others have viewed and ordered their books. Wishes to know what authority the collectors shall have if any person denies payment of the sum he has granted. Has found all the gentlemen very diligent, and they have deserved great thanks. Intends to return to the King after finishing the business at Ipswich. Eye, 11 April. Signed.
	Pp. 3. Add.: To my lord Cardinal's grace.
11 April. Calig. E. III. 4. B. M.	1261. WOLSEY to NORFOLK.
	* * * [when his] grace shall in person pass the seas to ... his lieutenant with such and greater no[mbre] ... for the vauntegard and reregard shall cu ... go and make your entry into the same, an[d] ... at Calais, as well for winning and taking ... Blanchestake, as for gaining of some port ... in the which the King may make a staple ... and descend personally with the corse of his b ... the same port, or else pass by Blanchest[ake, as it is] thought to his Highness and his council m[ost] convenient." The King therefore desires him to put in train the amicable grant to be made by his subjects in Norfolk, and that ... [pen]ding your absence ye shall think the same may [be brought] to such effect and rates as is specified in your inst[ructions]." The King trusts no difficulty will be made, as Middlesex and other shires adjoining have liberally condescended to it. Wishes him to come hither to prepare for his departure. During his absence, ordnance has been appointed, with shot, p[owder], lymoners, &c., sufficient for two batteries "[for] guarding of your field," of which a ra[te] and proportion has been given to Fitz[willi]am, who is gone to Flanders to provide it * * *
	A book has been prepared of the noblemen [who will accompany] him personally, with their retinues. Supposes the troops will amount to 20,000 men. [Fitz]william will be your marshal, with Sir Thos. Cheyny as assistant. Lord Curson, as master of the ordnance, has a commission for taking up pioneers and artificers. Ryngeley and Candisshe will be his assistants. Sir Andrew Wyndesore will be treasurer of the army, Lilgrave treasurer of the ordnance, Whetill comptroller, and Isle provost m[arshal]. Lord Fitzwater, Sir Robt. Wingfield, "with other lords and sad men," will form the council with Norfolk. Will appoint today proveditors of victuals, and on Thursday letters shall be sent to all those who are [going in] person or sending men. Doubts not that when Norfolk has heard the King's reasons for sending him before his own departure, considering "the great zeal that ye have to his royal person [and the good] of his said realm and his affairs, ye wol no[t mis] like the same." Greenwich, 11 April. Signed.
	Pp. 3, mutilated. Add.: The duke of Northfolke, treasurer and admiral of England.
12 April. R. T. 143. R. O.	1262. HENRY VIII. to the ARCHBISHOP OF PALERMO.
	Dispatches Sir William Fitzwilliam and Sir Robert Wingfield to congratulate the duchess dowager of Savoy on the good health and recovery of the Emperor "de victoire succédée," and to lay before him certain great matters. Begs the Archbishop to exert himself for their expedition. Greenwich, 12 April. Signed.
	Add.
12 April. R. O.	1263. WARHAM to WOLSEY.
	Called before him most of the clergy of his peculiars and the adjoining deaneries, and read them the preamble of the King's instructions. Found them not inclined to the grant; and as it was not convenient to keep them from their cures at this Easter time, has appointed another day, the Thursday in Easter week. Most of the heads of the religious houses, possessioners in Kent, answer that they cannot contribute as they are required, and have desired respite to communicate with the convents annexed to them. Those of the religion of the houses which are newly suppressed, grudge sorely at it. Suggests that it would be better not to proceed further "till this great matter of the King's grace be ended. I refer it to your Grace, albeit it hath been thought good policy in times past not to broach too many matters of displeasure at once." The bearer, William Potken, will inform him what Warham's chancellor has done about the grants in other parts of Kent. Has now written concerning both the spiritualty and temporalty "of such things as be done already." Otford, 19 April. Signed.
	P. 1. Add.: To, &c., my lord Cardinal of York and legate de Latere.
14 April. R. O.	1264. TUNSTAL to WOLSEY.
	Received this morning his letter dated Westm., 13 April, stating that the King had given to young Mr. Cary the keeping of Beaulieu and other offices thereabouts, vacant by the death of lord Marney, and wished Tunstal to grant him the keeping of the park at Crowndon, which Marney also held. Cannot do this, as he had already, during Marney's life, granted the reversion of it to his servant and kinsman Thos. Tunstal, in lieu of the keeping of Clagthon park, which he had given him on the death of the previous lord Marney, father to this lord, but which he was obliged to forego, at the King's request, in favor of Thos. Palmer. Sir Thos. More, steward of his lands, can tell the King all about it. Will try and persuade Thos. Tunstal to give it up for another office of equal value, sc. 6l. 6s. 8d.
	Thanks him and the King for the promise of the see of Ely, if the Bishop's sickness prove fatal; but although the revenue is more than double what he could spend, must refuse it for the following reasons: 1, he is in debt for the last bulls, though he has sold all his plate but what he carries with him; 2, his friends, from whom he borrowed more than half the sum, as Urswick, Lovell, Ashton, Wolsey's surveyor, the bishop of Durham and others, are dead; 3, his own friends and kinsmen, who were bound for him, are not able to help him, and would be loth to incur any more risk for him, as he saw when he was sick last year; 4, he perceives by the trouble he has had even at home to get money for this voyage, how impossible it would be to get help when absent; 5, "the fifth and chief is, if I should, for ambition of more promotion, dying in the meantime, do damage irreparable to my friends by my great debts, which hitherto I have never helped, should jeopard greatly my soul,—which I would be loth to do;—besides that I would be loth to undo my friends for their kindness towards me."
	Wolsey's letter has so informed "us" of the King's mind about sending out Norfolk with the vanguard, that we must needs "give peace to things and devices whereof we knew not the ground." Hopes the King will be well furnished with money. Wonders that Sampson's letters did not come by the Archduke's servant. who has just arrived, and before whose departure the victory was known. The cause must be that Sampson was not made privy to his departure. Expects he has a message to my lady Margaret which he does not wish known. All this week the weather has been so tempestuous that they have not been able to set forward. Hampton, 14 April. Signed.
	Pp. 4. Add.: To my lord Legate's grace. Endd.
14 April. R. O.	1265. NORFOLK to WOLSEY.
	Has this moment received Wolsey's letter declaring the King's pleasure that he should go immediately to Calais and Normandy as the King's lieutenant. Thanks Wolsey for recommending him for this promotion. Though he cannot recompense him, "ye may be assured I shall observe and keep firmly my words spoken to your Grace in your bedchamber at Mr. Lark's house." Has neither wit nor experience for so high a charge, but hopes to do good service with the aid of the wise men named in Wolsey's letters. Will be with him on Friday next, "trusting that I shall have no cause any longer to remain here; for at this hour all the people that hath been practised withal have granted, and there remaineth no more but Lyn and Yermouth and one small hundred from 20l. down." Kenynghale, Good Friday.
	Hol., p. 1. Add.: To my lord Legate's good grace. Endd.
15 April. Cleop. F. VI. 347. Ellis, 3 Ser. I. 359.	1266. ARCHBISHOP WARHAM to SIR THOS. BOLEYN and others.
	The persons deputed by the Commissioners to induce the people of Kent to contribute to the army now going into France deny that they have banded together to refuse a contribution. Exhorted them to contribute: 1, to avoid this suspicion; 2, considering the captivity of the French king, and that Henry trusts in them specially, "forasmuch as his Grace was born in Kent." 3. That if the King lost the opportunity now offered him in France, through their backwardness, his displeasure would fall heavily upon them. They professed their willingness, but "declared how they were decayed, with weeping tears." 4. That if gentleness would not win them, they would have to go from their homes to attend the Council, which would cost them more than their contributions.
	All his arguments were ineffectual. Thinks there is great poverty in Kent, and lack of money. This is the universal complaint. They discredit the promise that the money shall be returned, alleging that the said promise was made at the former loan, and never kept. Has written to the Commissioners to make espial whether any dangerous assemblies are held, "specially these holidays and this hot weather;" and if so, to suppress them. Has advised the greatest secrecy. Has been in this shire over 20 years, but never found men so unreasonable. Poverty provokes them to outrages. Begs them to ascertain the King and Wolsey's minds about sending the unruly before the Council. If some of the ringleaders were sent to be "induced" by the King and Council, the rest would comply more readily; otherwise it is needless examining those who are to pay from 20l. downwards.
	Will send word if he can perceive anything from the other persons appointed by the Commissioners to be before him this week. Otford, 15 April. Signed.
	Add.
15 April. Titus, B. I. 273. B. M. Fiddes, C. 29.	1267. ARCHBISHOP WARHAM to WOLSEY.
	Is informed by those whom he has "secretly caused to make privy espials amongst the clergy of my diocese" that there is great untowardness among the clergy "to make contribution of the third part of their goods," saying they have now to pay the subsidy granted at the last convocation, which they are not able to do. If they pay this third they will be utterly destitute; and if the King "should now and also in time to come thus, by his Grace's letters missive, privy seals and other ways, hereafter require aid of the spiritualty as oftentimes as it shall please his grace so to do, besides the grants of convocation, to which they knowledge themselves bound, the Church and clergy shall at length be put to such impossible charges as they shall not be able to bear, to the utter undoing and destruction of the same." They com- plain that they cannot support their fathers and mothers, or dispense hospitality;—that the King has already had of them on the average an annual disme for the sixteen years of his reign, and "that the Church was never so continually charged;"—that if the laity oppose the grant, they of the clergy have greater reason to do so.
	Wishes for Wolsey's advice. On Thursday next the clergy will appear before the Archbishop at Otford. Has written to Sir Thos. Boleyn and Sir Hen. Guldeford of the demeanor of the King's subjects reported by the Commissioners. If any of the laity are sent up the to the Council, they must not be well treated, or it will encourage those at home to continue refractory. Otford, 15 April. Signed.
	Add.: Card. of York, legate, &c.
15 April. Calig. B. I. 83. B. M. St. P. IV. 360.	1268. RO. [COCKBURN] BISHOP OF DUNKELD, G. EARL OF CASSILLIS, and ALEXANDER ABBOT OF CAMBUSKENNETH, Ambassadors of Scotland, to WOLSEY.
	Have been convoyed hither by Carlisle herald after their gracious reception by the King. Will do their best to promote peace between the two kingdoms. Coldstream, 16 April. Signed.
	Orig., p. 1. Add.: "To my lord Cardinal's grace, legate and chancellor of England." Endd.