Folios cii - cx: Nov 1410 -

Calendar of Letter-Books of the City of London: I, 1400-1422. Originally published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1909.

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'Folios cii - cx: Nov 1410 - ', in Calendar of Letter-Books of the City of London: I, 1400-1422, (London, 1909) pp. 90-101. British History Online https://www.british-history.ac.uk/london-letter-books/voli/pp90-101 [accessed 19 April 2024]

In this section

Folio cii.

Br'e pro mili tib' faciend'.

Writ to the Sheriffs to make proclamation for all persons having yearly £40 in land or rents to take up knighthood. Witness the King at Westminster, 20 Nov., 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1410].

Returnum inde.

Return to the above. (fn. 1)

Commissio de Neugate pro delib' acione faciend'.

Letters patent appointing Thomas Knolles, the Mayor, William Gascoigne, William Thirnyng, John Cokayne, Hugh Huls, William Hankeford, and John Prestone, or any six, five, four, three, or two (the Mayor being one), to be Commissioners for gaol-delivery of Newgate. Witness the King at Westminster, 29 Jan., 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1410-11].

Folio cii b.

Presentacio d'ni Joh'is Briggewater ad cantariam in capella supra ossa menta mortuor' in cimiterio eccl'ie sc'i Pauli Lond'.

Letter from Thomas Knolles, the Mayor, to Richard [Clifford], Bishop of London, presenting John Bryggewater, chaplain, for admission to the chantry founded by Roger Beyvin in the chapel over the charnel-house of st. Paul's. (fn. 2) Dated 8 Jan., A.D. 1410[-11].

Exon'acio Roberti Whityngham Cissoris London' etc.

21 March, 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1410-11], Robert Whytyngham, tailor, discharged by Thomas Knolles, the Mayor, and the Aldermen from serving on juries, &c., owing to increasing old age.

Exon'acio Will'i atte More civis pouchemaker London' etc

12 May, 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], William atte More, "pouchemaker," similarly discharged for like cause.

Exon'acio Joh'is Lang dyche fruter London'.

20 July, 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], John Langdyche, "fruterer," similarly discharged for like cause.

Pro Joh'e Mullyng seniore fil' Joh' Mullyng

27 July, 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], came Walter Pope and Thomas Piryton, executors of John Mullyng, "brasier," and delivered to John Proffyt, the Chamberlain, the sum of £30 bequeathed by the said John Mullyng to John his eldest son, to hold the same in trust for the said son.

Exon'acio custodie

Afterwards, viz, on the 23rd October, 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], came the above son, being then of full age, and acknowledged satisfaction.

Folio ciii.

Custodia puer' Steph'i Maplesdene

26 Feb.s, 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1410-11], the guardianship of John and William, sons of Stephen Maplesdene, goldsmith, together with their patrimony, committed to John Pake, goldsmith, who married their mother. Sureties, viz., John Grantham and William Grantham, goldsmiths.

Exon'acio custodie predicte.

Afterwards, viz., on the 15th Dec., i Henry V. [A.D. 1413], the above orphans having died under age, their patrimony was delivered to Richard Osborne, executor of the above Stephen.

Presentacio Will'i Test.

Letter from Thomas Knolles, the Mayor, and John Proffyt, the Chamberlain, to Richard [Clifford], Bishop of London, presenting William Test, chaplain, of Lincoln diocese, for admission to a chantry in the chapel of the Blessed Mary near the Guildhall, vacant by the death of William Marche Dated 28 March, A.D. 1411. (fn. 3)

Permutacio int' d'um Joh'em Clee capell'm et Joh'em Dalby capellanum.

Letter from Thomas Knolles, the Mayor, under the Mayoralty seal, to William, the Prior of Holy Trinity, the Rector of the church of st. Botolph without Algate, and Wardens and parishioners of the same, notifying the presentation of John Dalby, Rector of the church of Horsey, in the diocese of Norwich, to the chantry of John Romeney, potter, in the said church of st. Botolph, by exchange with John Clee, the present chaplain of the chantry. (fn. 4)

Folio ciii b.

Licencia adquirend' certa terras et tenementa ad valenciam centum librar' per annum Maiori et co'itati etc.

Licence in mortmain by the King to the Mayor and Commonalty to purchase lands, tenements, rents, and advowsons in the City and suburbs held of the King in free burgage to the yearly value of 100l., provided that it be found on inquisition that such grant be not prejudicial to any one. Witness the King at Westminster, 11 May, 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411].

Adquisicio maner it sive placee voc' ledenhalle.

Letters patent (pursuant to the above) granting licence to Richard Whityngtone, John Hende, John Shadworth, and William Askham to assign to the Mayor and Commonalty the manor or place called "le ledenhalle," together with the advowson of the churches of st. Peter de Cornhulle and St. Margaret Patyns, (fn. 5) held of the King, like the rest of the City, in free burgage, estimated to be of the yearly value of £12 by inquisition held before Thomas Knolles, the Mayor and King's Escheator. Witness the King at Westminster, 29 May, 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411].

Folio civ.

Cons'iles bille directe fuerunt cuil't Aldermanno.

Precept to the several Aldermen for an armed watch to be kept in their Wards on the nights and vigils of st. John the Baptist [24 June] and SS. Peter and Paul [29 June], and for precautions to be taken against fire. Dated 18 June, 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411].

Proclamacio fact' dieveneris prox' ante festum Sc'i Joh'is Bapt'e anno H iiij ti xij° .

Friday before the Feast of st. John Bapt. [24 June], 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], proclamation forbidding taverners, brewers, hostelers, hucksters, cooks, or pie-bakers to keep their houses open after 9 o'clock on the eves of the above Festivals, and ordering a pendent light or lantern to be burning before every house on the highways on the same evenings.

Presentacio dn'i Joh'is Glattone capellani.

Letter from Thomas Knolles, the Mayor, and John Proffyt, the Chamberlain, to Richard [Clifford], Bishop of London, presenting John Glatton, chaplain, of Lincoln diocese, for admission to the chantry in the chapel of the Blessed Mary near the Guildhall, vacant by the death of Thomas Maltone. Dated 18 August, 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411].

Folio civ b.

Procla° facta die veneris p'x' ante festum sc'i Bartholomer a° H xii°.

Friday before the Feast of st. Bartholomew [24 Aug], 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411] :—

"That no manere man ne child of what estate or condicioun that he be be so hardy to wrestell or make ony wrestlyng within the seintuary ne the boundes of Poules ne in non other open place within the Citee of London up [sic] peyne of emprisonement of fourty dayes and makyng fyn un to the chambre after the discrecioun of the Mair and Aldermen." (fn. 6)

Exon acio Joh'is Coventre lymynour.

28 Aug., 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], John Coventre, "lymynour," discharged by Thomas Knolles, the Mayor, and Aldermen from serving on juries, &c., owing to increasing old age.

Exon'acio Thome Whyttone, brace at.

The same day, Thomas Whyttone, brewer, similarly discharged for like cause.

Exon'acio Thome filii Will'i Blosse.

29 Aug., 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], Thomas, son of William Blosse, "stokfisshmongere," similarly discharged for like cause.

Exon'acro Joh'is York armuirer.

The same day, John York, "armurrer," similarly discharged for like cause.

Exon'acio Thome filii Nich'i Kayle de Trumpetone.

2 Sept., 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], Thomas, son of Nicholas Kayle, of Trumpetone, co Cambr, who was apprentice of John Asty, "pouchemaker," similarly discharged for like cause.

Exon'acio Walt'i filii Henr' atte Welle.

3 Sept., 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], Walter, son of Henry atte Welle, of Chidyngleye, co Sussex, who was apprentice of William de Herkstede, pepperer, similarly discharged for like cause.

Folio cv.

Eleccio Vicecomitum.

Monday the Feast of st. Matthew [21 Sept.], 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], in the presence of Thomas Knolles, the Mayor, John Prestone, the Recorder, Richard Merlawe, William Walderne, William Croumere, Thomas Fauconer, Nicholas Wottone, William Nortone, Henry Bartone, Stephen Speleman, William Louthe, Thomas Polle, John Penne, and Thomas Pyke, Aldermen, and very many Commoners summoned for the election of Sheriffs, John Reynewelle, Commoner, was elected one of the Sheriffs by the Mayor, and Walter Cottone, Alderman, was elected the other Sheriff by the Commonalty for the year ensuing.

Afterwards, viz., on Monday the eve of st. Michael [29 Sept], the said Sheriffs were sworn at the Guildhall, and on Wednesday the morrow of the said Feast were presented and accepted before the Barons of the Exchequer.

The same Monday, the Feast of st. Matthew [21 Sept.], Stephen Speleman and William Chichele, Aldermen, Alan Everard, mercer, William Burton, grocer, William Fitz Hugh and William Westone, Commoners, were elected auditors of the accounts of the Chamberlain and Wardens of London Bridge.

Presentacio d'ni Will'i Gyles capellani

Letter from Thomas Knolles, the Mayor, and the Commonalty to Richard [Clifford], Bishop of London, presenting William Gyles for admission as Rector of the church of st. Margaret Patyns, vacant by the death of Adam Wordesworth. Dated 21 Sept, A.D. 1411.

Exon'acio Joh'is Morys civis et Grocer' London'.

28 Sept., 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], John Morys, grocer, discharged by Thomas Knolles, the Mayor, and Aldermen from serving on juries, &c., owing to increasing old age.

Exon'acio Thome fil' Will'i in the lane de Grajton etc.

12 Oct., 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], Thomas, son of William "in the lane," of Grafton, co Northampt, similarly discharged for like cause.

Exon'acio David de Dromy Cissoris.

13 Oct., 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], David de Dromy, tailor, similarly discharged for like cause.

Folio cv b.

Exon'acio Will'i Carter de Westfeld incom' Sussex'.

16 Oct, 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], William, son of William Cartere, of Westfeld, co. Sussex, similarly discharged for like cause.

Breve d'ni Regis pro parliamento.

Writ to the Sheriffs for the election of four citizens to attend a Parliament to be held at Westminster on the morrow of Souls [2 Nov]. (fn. 7) Witness the King at Westminster, 21 Sept., 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411].

Pursuant to the above writ, Richard Merlawe and Thomas Fauconer, Aldermen, and John Suttone, grocer, and John Michell, grocer, Commoners, were elected.

Pro mercato rib' de Hansa.

7 Jan., 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1410-11], came Henry Droste, Hilbrand Southerman, and Henry Mygrave, merchants of the Hanse of Almaine, residing in London, before the Mayor and Aldermen, and complained of toll being unlawfully exacted from them, contrary to the "composition" made between the City and the merchants of the Hanse (fn. 8) At their request, the said Mayor and Aldermen appoint John Shadworth, Alderman, John Prestone, the Recorder, and John Westone, the Common Pleader, to inquire into the matter and report thereon. Afterwards, viz., on Wednesday, 21 Jan., report made to the effect that toll had been unlawfully demanded. Judgment thereupon given that the said merchants should be quit of toll as theretofore.

Folio cvi.

Ordinacio de Cordewaners et Cobelers.

10 December, 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1410], the Masters of the Mistery of Cordewaners free of the City and certain Cobelers, English and foreign, summoned to appear and submit their differences before Thomas Knolles, the Mayor, Richard Whityngtone, "Drewe" Barantyn, John Shadeworth, William Askham, Richard Merlawe, William Croumer, Nicholas Wottone, William Louthe, Thomas Polle, Stephen Speleman, Henry Haltone, Henry Pountfreyt, William Nortone, and William Chichele, Aldermen, John Penne and Thomas Pyke, Sheriffs and Aldermen, when the agreement made between Cordewaners and Cobelers, anno 19 Richard II, and recorded in Letter-Book H, fo ccciv, (fn. 9) was read And whereas the Cordewaners alleged that "pecyng" was a part of a "quarter" of a shoe, whilst the Cobelers said that it extended to a whole "quarter," the said Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs gave judgment in favour of Cobelers being allowed thenceforth to apply a whole "quarter" of new leather to old boots or shoes, either above or beneath, in front or behind, provided that the rest remained of old leather.

Folio cvi b.

Restitucio Will'i Kyngescote ad officium suum de Ludgate

16 July, 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], William Kyngescote, who had been removed for insubordination (fn. 10) from office as Keeper of the Ludgate and of the prisoners there, reinstated by order of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council.

Judicium Gal fr'i Lovey ad pillor' promendac' factis sup' Th' Fauconer Aldr'.

12 Feb., 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1410-11], Geoffrey Loveye, mercer, condemned to the pillory for slandering Thomas Fauconer, an Alderman. Judgment respited on condition of good behaviour in future. (fn. 11)

18 July, 12 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], in the presence of Thomas Knolles, Mayor, John Prestone, Recorder, Richard Whityngtone, John Shadworth, William Walderne, John Warner, William Nortone, Thomas Polle, John Lane, Henry Haltone, William Crowmere, Henry Bartone, and Thomas Fauconer, Aldermen, it was agreed that the sign of the Elephant (signum Olifantis) in Chepe should remain with Simon Sewale, saddler.

Folio cvii.

Eleccio Rob'ti Chichele Maioris Londoniar'.

Monday the Feast of st. Edward [13 Oct.], 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], after Mass of the Holy Spirit celebrated in the Guildhall Chapel, pursuant to the ordinance made during the Mayoralty of John Wodecok, in the presence of Thomas Knolles, the Mayor, John Prestone, the Recorder, Sir William [Harewdone] the Prior of Holy Trinity, Richard Whityngtone, John Shadeworth, William Askham, Richard Merlawe, Robert Chichele, William Walderne, Thomas Fauconer, William Croumere, William Nortone, Henry Bartone, Henry Haltone, William Louthe, Stephen Speleman, Nicholas Wottone, John Penne, Thomas Pyke, John Lane, and William Sevenoke, Aldermen, John Raynewelle and Walter Cottone, the Sheriffs, and an immense Commonalty summoned for the election of a Mayor for the year ensuing-Robert Chichele was elected.

Afterwards, viz, on the Feast of SS. Simon and Jude [28 Oct.], the said Robert Chichele was sworn in the Guildhall, and on the morrow was admitted and sworn before the Barons of the Exchequer.

Exon'acio Ade Turke pellipar'.

20 Oct., 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], Adam Turke, skinner, discharged by Thomas Knolles, the Mayor, and the Aldermen from serving on juries, &c., owing to increasing old age.

Presentacio Cantarie in eccl'ia Sc'i Thome Ap'li London'.

Letter from Robert Chicheley, the Mayor, to Richard [Clifford], Bishop of London, presenting William Comelond for admission to the united chantries founded in the church of St Thomas the Apostle for the souls of William Chaumpeners and Thomas Romeyn, (fn. 12) vacant by the resignation of Sir Walter Multone, the last chaplain. Dated 10 Dec., A D. 1411.

Folio cvii b.

Magna proclamacio Maioris.

A Great Proclamation of the Mayor was made on Friday the 6th Nov, 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], in manner and form as recorded when Thomas Knolles was Mayor, anno 12 Henry IV. (fn. 13)

Proclamacio facta die Jovis p'x' ante festum sc'e Kat'ine virg'is anno r' r' Henrici quarti tercio decimo.

Thursday before the Feast of st. Katherine [25 Nov.], 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411], ordinance by the Mayor, with the assent of the Aldermen, that by Christmas next every brewer, breweress, hosteler, cook, piebaker, and huckster selling ale in their houses provide themselves with pewter pots (pootz destayne), viz, gallons, potels, and quarts, sealed with the seal of the Chamber, according to their requirements to serve their customers, and not use tankards and hanaps (fn. 14) or anything else contrary to this ordinance under penalty prescribed.

Le serement des assaiours et provours des quris tannez.

Form of oath to be taken by those appointed Surveyors and Assayers of tanned leather.

Folio cviii.

Consi'les bille directe fuerunt cuil't Aldr'o.

Precept to the Aldermen to hold their Wardmotes, to set the customary watch at Christmas, to see to the lighting and cleansing of the streets, and to take steps for the election of members of the Common Council (fn. 15) and make a return of the same to the Guildhall by Monday next after the Feast of the Epiphany [6 Jan] Dated 10 Dec., 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411].

Proclamacio facta vicesimo tercio aie Decembr'.

Writ to the Mayor and Sheriffs that they proclaim and cause to be observed an ordinance made in the last Parliament to the effect that pepper in the hands of any merchant shall be sold to any one requiring it at 20 pence a pound until fresh pepper arrive from abroad, when the price may be lowered (fn. 16) Witness the King at Westminster, 22 Dec., 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411].

Exon'acio Alani Roche de Irlond cissoris.

13 Jan., 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411-12], Alan Roche, of Irlond, tailor, discharged by Robert Chichele, the Mayor, and the Aldermen from serving on juries, &c., owing to increasing old age.

Folio cviii b.

Commissio pro subsidio levand' con cesso d'no Regi in ulti'o Parliamento apud Westm'.

Letters patent appointing the Mayor and King's Escheator, the Sheriffs, and Richard Whityngtone and Thomas Knolles to be commissioners to ascertain the names of all men and women liable to pay the subsidy of 6s. 8d. imposed by the last Parliament on every £20 by the year of land or rent, in their own hands or held in trust, in the City and suburbs as well as elsewhere, and to make a return of the same to the Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer before the last day of February Witness the King at Westminster, 2 Jan., 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411-12]. (fn. 17)

Exon'acio Ade Ramme civis et Bladsmyth'.

10 Feb., 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411-12], Adam Ramme, "bladsmythe," discharged by Robert Chichele, the Mayor, and the Aldermen from serving on juries, &c., owing to increasing old age.

Folio cix.

Exon'acio Rad'i Martyn de com' Cante brigge etc.

13 Feb., 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411-12], Ralph Martyn, of co Camb, skinner, similarly discharged for like cause.

Exon'acio Thome Henle Glover London'.

23 Feb., 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411-12], Thomas Henle, glover, similarly discharged for like cause.

Exon'acio Rad'i Ote wyche fruiter etc.

The same day, Ralph Otewyche, "fruiter," similarly discharged for like cause.

Custodia Joh'is senior' filii Rogeri Jaket nup' civis et pistoris Lond' et Johanne filie ejusdem Rogeri etc.

The same day, the guardianship of John and Johanna, children of Roger Jaket, late baker, committed by Robert Chichele, the Mayor, and John Proffyt, the Chamberlain, to Stephen Sedere, "fleccher," their grandfather, executor of the said Roger. Sureties, viz., John Burgh, "vynter," Thomas Prentys, "fleccher," and William Haverisham, clerk.

Afterwards, viz., on the 9th Sept, 9 Henry V. [A.D. 1421], came the above John, son of Roger, and received his patrimony from John Bederendene, the Chamberlain, and acknowledged satisfaction.

Folio cxii b.

Afterwards, viz., on the 9th Dec., 2 Henry VI. [A.D. 1423], came Thomas Twygge, baker, who had married the above Johanna, before William Crowmer, the Mayor, and Aldermen, and received the said orphan's patrimony from John Bederendene, the Chamberlain.

Folio cix b.

Statute of Westminster, 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411]. (fn. 18)

Folio cx.

Exon'acio Rob'ti filii Martini Fitz Rob't de Ibernia.

23 March, 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411-12], Robert, son of Martin "Fitz" Robert, of Ireland, discharged by Robert Chichele, the Mayor, and the Aldermen from serving on juries, &c., owing to increasing old age.

Exon'acio Thome Boteler civis et cementar' London'.

20 April, 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1412], Thomas Boteler, of co Huntingdon, citizen and mason of London, similarly discharged for like cause.

Ordinacto to et proclamac' pro corriis tannat' assaiand' et proband'.

Proclamation to the effect that all tanned leather brought into the City for sale be taken to the selds of old appointed and not elsewhere, there to be assayed on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday in each week. The Assayers to be presented to the Mayor and Aldermen and sworn, and to comprise four cordwainers, a gudler, a "malemaker," a "botelmaker," and a currier, eight, six, or four of them at the least; if six in number, three to be cordwainers and three of the other misteries; if four, two to be cordwainers and two of the other misteries. (fn. 19)

Folio cx b.

Br'e d'ni Regis proemendac' aur' et argent' proclam' xvi mo die Marcii a° H xiii mo.

Writ to the Sheriffs to make proclamation of the ordinance that follows. Witness the King at Westminster, 13 Feb., 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411-12] :—

16 March, proclamation made accordingly.

Tenor ordina cionis predicte in br' predicto specificat'.

Ordinance made in Parliament to the effect that, in view of the great scarcity of money, the Master of the Mint in the Tower shall make of every Tower-pound of gold 50 nobles of gold, and of a similar pound of silver 30 shillings sterling, so that this gold and silver be of the same good "allay" as the old money, as well within the town of Calais as in the Tower of London. This ordinance to commence at Easter next, and to continue for two years. (fn. 20)

10 March, 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1411-12], the sum of 40 marks formerly bequeathed by John Lake to William, Alice, Johanna, and Margery his children, now delivered by John Profyt, the Chamberlain, to the said William, he being of full age and his sisters being dead.

Br e d ni Reg' proclam' xiiii die April a° xiii q'd nullus exeat regnum [sic].

Writ to the Sheriffs to make proclamation forbidding the King's subjects to leave the realm for France in the present disturbed state of that country. (fn. 21) Witness the King at Canterbury, 10 April, 13 Henry IV. [A.D. 1412]

Footnotes

  • 1. In common form. See 'Cal. Letter-Book F,' p. 105, 'Liber Albus,' i. 193.
  • 2. See the will of Roger Beyvin enrolled in the Court of Husting in January, 1277-8. 'Cal. of Wills,' i. 29..
  • 3. 'Memorials,' p. 577.
  • 4. Vide supra, p. 67.
  • 5. The manor of Leadenhall together with the advowson to the churches of St Peter Cornhill and st. Margaret Patyns were granted in Feb, 1379 80, by Thomas de Coggeshale, Robert Rykedon, John Sergeaunt of co. Essex, and others, to Alice, widow of Sir John de Nevylle, for life, they having previously received from her the fee simple of the same (Hust Roll, 108 (87)). In Jan., 1408-9, a conveyance and reconveyance of the property were made between the above Robert Rykedon and Margery his wife on the one part and John Hethyngham and Hamo Elyot, grocers, on the other part, and in the following February Robert Rykedon and his wife granted the manor and advowson to Richard Whitington and the others above mentioned (Hust Roll, 136 (51) (54) (62)). Cf. Stow's 'Survey' (Thoms's ed.), p. 58.
  • 6. 'Memorials,' p. 580.
  • 7. The writ is similar in form to that recorded in 1409 (supra, p. 81), and does not contain the clause for bidding the election of Sheriffs.
  • 8. The "composition" of 1237, renewed in 1334. 'Liber Cust' 1 64-6, 'Liber Alb,' i. 418-24, 'Cal. Letter-Book G.,' p. 30.
  • 9. See 'Cal. Letter-Book H,' p. 425.
  • 10. Supra, p. 76.
  • 11. 'Memorials,' p. 576. In 1413 he was found guilty of the same offence and committed to Newgate. Infra, fo. cxxiii b.
  • 12. Cf. 'Cal. Letter-Book H,' p. 433.
  • 13. Supra, fos. xcix-ci b.
  • 14. Hanaps, being drinking cups of no certain measure, were to be sup plied by brewers and hostelers to their customers for drinking purposes, but were not to be used for retailing ale, which was to be done by sealed measures See ordinances of 1382, 1388, and 1392, 'Cal. Letter-Book H,' pp. 201, 337, 373.
  • 15. See note supra, p. 90.
  • 16. A petition had been laid before the Parliament which sat in Novem ber complaining of the scarcity of pepper, the spice most used (le pluis usuel Spicerie) by the commons of the realm, owing to its being withheld from the market by Grocers and Lombards, and praying that they might be compelled to sell it at a reasonable profit 'Rot. Parl.,' iii. 662. In 1412 the price of pepper was four shillings a pound. Walsingham, ii. 288. How the price of pepper varied from 8 pence to 8 shillings a pound between 1349 and 1438 is shown by Wylie ('Hist. of England, Henry IV.,' vol. iii. p. 135 note).
  • 17. For return to the above vide infra, p. 103. The tax was not so novel as some have supposed, for an impost of a shilling on every pound s worth of land or rent was carried in 1404. Vide supra, pp. 28, note, 37.
  • 18. 'Statutes at Large' (1758), i. 483-6.
  • 19. The oath to be taken by such Assayers is recorded supra, p. 98.
  • 20. 'Rot. Parl.,' iii. 658. The ordin ance will be found set out in English in Ruding's 'Annals of the Coinage of Great Britain,' i. 493-4. Cf. Kingsford's 'Chronicles,' p. 68.
  • 21. The Dukes of Burgundy and Orleans were at war, and both were anxious to secure the support of Henry.