The household below stairs: King's Kitchen 1660-1837

Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 11 (Revised), Court Officers, 1660-1837. Originally published by University of London, London, 2006.

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'The household below stairs: King's Kitchen 1660-1837', in Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 11 (Revised), Court Officers, 1660-1837, (London, 2006) pp. 473-496. British History Online https://www.british-history.ac.uk/office-holders/vol11/pp473-496 [accessed 19 March 2024]

In this section

Kings Kitchen 1660–1837

This sub-department was until 1761 officially designated the King's privy kitchen to distinguish it from the Queen's privy kitchen and the household kitchen. With the disappearance of these two subdepartments after 1761 it was known simply as the kitchen. This description has been employed throughout the period covered by these lists. The establishment consisted of master cooks appointed by royal warrant, yeomen, grooms and children appointed by lord steward's warrant, and turnbroaches, scourers, soil carriers and door keepers appointed by the clerks of the green cloth (or, from 1782, the clerks of the household) in rotation.

Originally there was one master cook. A second was appointed in 1683, a third served 1698–1718 and 1737–61 and a fourth 1702–9. In 1662 the wages were fixed at £11 8s 1½d, plus diet, livery and lodging. The board wages, settled then at £219, were subject to fluctuation under Charles II, falling to £80 in 1680. However, the Establishment of that year provided an additional £91 5s 'for Lambstone, pallato, sweetherbs, Marrow-bones, Cocks-combs, Newland Eggs, etc.' In 1685 the two master cooks were granted salaries of £150 and £80. In 1689 the remuneration of the first master cook was fixed at £150 consisting of wages of £11 8s 1½d and board wages of £138 11s 10½d; that of the others at £120 consisting of the same wages and board wages of £108 11s 1½d. In 1761 the two remaining master cooks were granted salaries of £150 and £130 and allowances in lieu of diet of £87 10s each. Finally, by 1810 the second master cook was allowed an additional £65 in lieu of house rent, coal and candles. (fn. 1)

In 1812 the master cooks were reduced to sinecure status at St. James's with salaries of £172 and £158, respectively. The holders of both offices died within the year. At the same time two effective master cooks were appointed at Carlton House both with salaries of £221. These were absorbed into the main Household in 1820. In 1822 they were replaced by three cooks: a chief with a salary of £240 raised to £250 in 1830; a first master with a salary of £221 reduced to £200 in 1830; and a second master with a salary of £150. (fn. 2)

In addition, two roasting cooks, appointed by the lord steward, were established at Carlton House in 1822 at £80 per annum apiece. From 1830 the second such servant was reduced to £70 and both became simply 'roasting cooks'. The woman cook at Carlton House was also appointed by the lord steward and made £58 per annum. (fn. 3)

According to The Present State of the British Court, yeomen of the kitchen were chiefly responsible for soups and ragouts. One yeoman was appointed in 1660, with a second serving by early 1662. The number was fixed in principle later that year at one, with two supernumeraries, although there were in fact frequent temporary increases. There were two yeomen by 1674; four by 1698, five 1701–2 before falling again to four at the accession of Queen Anne. The number was fixed at seven in 1715, then at four in 1727, but grew again to seven by 1740, probably as a result of the absorption of the yeomen of the Queen's kitchen disbanded on her death in 1737.

In 1662 the remuneration was fixed at wages of £5. The board wages, settled then at £30 8s 4d, were subject to fluctuation between £30 and £50 under Charles II. In 1685 salaries of £50 were provided. In 1689 these were converted to wages of £5 and board wages of £45 raised in 1699 to £55. In 1761 two yeomen were appointed with salaries of £70 and allowances of £60 consolidated into a salary of £130 in 1782. A third yeoman was appointed in 1772. In 1806, the positions of two yeomen of the mouth and yeoman pottagier were split from those of first, second and third yeomen, resulting in six yeomen's positions. The position of third yeoman of the mouth was abolished in 1807. (fn. 4)

In 1812 three yeomen were transferred to the Windsor establishment and a fourth became a sinecure at St. James's. At the same time provision was made for a yeoman of the mouth and a yeoman of the kitchen at Carlton House, each with a salary of £113, who were absorbed into the main Household in 1820. In 1822 these were replaced by two yeomen of the mouth with salaries of £109 and £100 and two yeomen of the kitchen with salaries of £80 and £60, respectively. In 1830 the salaries of the former were fixed at £110 and of the latter at £80. (fn. 5)

The grooms of the kitchen were responsible for boiled meats. One groom was appointed in ordinary in 1660; two in 1685, four by 1702. There was a temporary increase to five in that year. Five were appointed again in 1715. In 1741 the number had reached seven probably as a result of the absorption of grooms from the late Queen Caroline's kitchen. In 1662 the wages were fixed at £2 13s 4d. The board wages, fixed at £36 10s in 1664, fluctuated between £40 and £27 6s 8d under Charles II. In 1685 salaries of £30 were provided. In 1689 wages of £2 13s 4d and board wages of £37 6s 8d were substituted. Two grooms were appointed in 1761 with salaries of £60 and allowances of £40 consolidated into a salary of £100 in 1782. A third and fourth groom were appointed in 1771–2. (fn. 6)

In 1812 two grooms were transferred to the Windsor establishment; the remaining two were reduced to sinecure status at St. James's with salaries of £93, raised in the following year to £112. Their offices appear to have been suppressed by 1820. (fn. 7)

Children were responsible for roasting meats. Six children were appointed in 1660. Their number fell to two (with two supernumeraries) in 1662, then one (with seven supernumeraries) in 1664, before rising back to two in 1668, then three in 1680. The number fell again to two in 1685, rose to three by 1690, to four in 1701 and to six in 1715. It fell again to three in 1727 but had risen to eight by 1753. In 1662 wages were fixed at board wages of £18 5s. After 1664 they were awarded £2 plus board wages which fluctuated on the various establishments of Charles II between £22 6s 8d and £36 10s. In 1685 salaries of £25 were provided. In 1689 wages of £2 and board wages of £33 were substituted, the latter rising to £35 in 1699. Two children were appointed in 1761 with salaries of £50 and allowances of £40 consolidated into a salary of £90 in 1782. The number of children was increased to three in 1768, to four in 1779 and to five in 1797. In 1812 their allowances were calculated to be worth £36 per annum apiece (fn. 8)

In 1812 two children were transferred to the Windsor establishment; the remaining three were reduced to sinecure status at St. James's with salaries of £80, raised in the following year to £99 in compensation for the loss of allowances in kind. Their offices had 'no duties to perform' by 1815 and appear to have been suppressed by 1820. Supernumerary children were appointed between 1665 and 1690. (fn. 9)

The two apprentices, established by 1730, were appointed by the lord steward. These positions seem to have been abolished in 1761. Three kitchen boys were established at Carlton House in 1812. They made £15 per annum apiece. Their number rose to four about 1824. (fn. 10)

As established in June 1660, the royal kitchens (privy and household) had a total of 36 turnbroaches, appointed by the chief clerk and master cook in rotation. By the eighteenth century these servants seem to have been appointed by the clerks of the greencloth (from 1782, the clerks of the household) in rotation. The Establishment of 1662 provided for six turnbroaches at £18 5s per annum apiece with a further eighteen supernumeraries at £15 4s each. That of 1664 reduced the number in ordinary to four at the same wages, with 27 supernumeraries at £9 2s 6d apiece. In 1668 six turnbroaches in ordinary were named at the above wages, sixteen supernumeraries at £13 13s 9d apiece. James II's establishment lists three turnbroaches in ordinary plus fifteen supernumeraries at £12. William III raised the number in ordinary to six at £30 per annum in board wages and twelve supernumeraries at £12 in board wages. The latter lost their supernumerary status in favour of pensions of £12 per annum by the Establishment of 1 Oct. 1699. The number of ordinary turnbroaches fell to five in 1702, rose to eight in 1714; fell to four in 1727 and rose back to six in 1760. Despite the attack on 'turnspits' contained in Burke's speech on Economical Reform, this remained their number and remuneration until the place was abolished in 1815. (fn. 11)

A list from June 1660 gives a total of ten scourers and porters of the kitchens, all appointed by the clerks of the kitchen and master cooks in turn. By the eighteenth century, they appear to have been appointed by the clerks of the green cloth and then, from 1782, the clerks of the household in rotation. The Establishment of 1662 reduced their number to four at £15 4 s 2d apiece, with two supernumeraries at the same remuneration. That of 1664 provided for two scourers at £2 in wages and £18 5s board wages plus six supernumerary scourers at £2 and £9 2s 6 d apiece. The number of supernumeraries fell to two at £13 13s 9d in 1668; they were eliminated entirely in 1674. In 1685 one scourer was named at £25 per annum, with a second one added the following year. There were also four supernumeraries at £14 apiece. In 1689 three scourers in ordinary were raised to £2 and £28 in board wages, with two supernumeraries at £2 and £12 apiece. Their number in ordinary fell back down to two by 1699, with the supernumerary positions abolished in favor of pensions. Remuneration rose to £40 plus an allowance of £40 apiece by 1760. The Establishment of 1782 changed their title to master scourers to distinguish them from the new assistant scourers and under scourers. Their remuneration fell to £62 c. 1812 and the positions were abolished in 1815. Two scourers at Carlton House were appointed by the lord steward and paid £40 per annum. From 1817 they were referred to simply as master scourer and second scourer of the privy kitchen. (fn. 12)

The three assistant scourers were appointed by the lord steward and made £30 per annum apiece. (fn. 13)

The two soil carriers were appointed by the clerks of the green cloth (from 1782 the clerks of the household) in rotation. Under George II they made £20 per annum apiece in board wages. In 1782 this was raised to £25 and again by 1813 to £38. The kitchen maid, first established at Carlton House in 1812, received £40 per annum until the reign of George IV, when she was established at £30 per annum. (fn. 14)

At the Restoration, the two door keepers were appointed by the clerk of the kitchen and master cook in rotation. By the eighteenth century they were appointed by the clerks of the green cloth (from 1782, the clerks of the household) in turn. The Establishment of 1662 reduced their number to one at £18 5s board wages. The place was left out of the 1664 establishment but restored in 1668. In 1689 the doorkeeper's remuneration was raised to £30 per annum, which remained his compensation until about 1812, when the place was raised to £37 per annum apiece. The number of doorkeepers was raised to two 1699–1708, 1715–1727 and 1761–1815. (fn. 15)

Master Cooks 1660–1837

1660 1 July Sayers, J.
1683 14 Feb. Lamb, P.
1683 23 July Centlivre, J. (cook and potagier)
1685 13 Apr. Fourmont, C.
1690 22 July Horitiner, U.
By 1698 Castres, J.
1698 7 Feb. Leimbeck, S.
1702 17 Apr. Faverall, J.
1702 17 Apr. Hounsleff, W.
1702 17 Apr. Dissell, J.
1724 17 Mar. Centlivre, J.
1725 22 Jan. Arnaud, C.
1727 1 July Brexton, C.
1734 2 Nov. Lyon, H.
By 1739 Daniel, W.
1739 16 June Arnaud, C.
1748 1 Dec. Ayres, J.
1754 21 Jan. Weston, C.
1760 15 Dec. Philpot, D.
1770 1 Jan. Tegetmeyer, H.
1772 14 Apr. Smith, B.
1778 28 Jan. Dixon, J.
1779 6 Mar. Wybrow, W.
1782 30 Aug. Harris, G.
1799 13 Nov. Gardiner, N.
1804 6 Jan. Donaldson, P.
1810 2 Aug. Rawlinson, G.
1820 26 July Crepin, P.
1822 10 Oct. Vilmet, A. (chief cook)
1822 10 Oct. Morell, F.E.
1826 5 Apr. Huggins, T.
1830 15 July Ball, W.
1830 15 July Miller, J.

Master Cooks at Carlton House 1812–1820

1812 19 Feb. Badua, F.
1812 19 Feb. Vilmet, A.

Roasting Cooks at Carlton House 1817–1837

(From 1830 Roasting Cooks)

By 1817 Bohn, J.J.
1817 Feb. Jones, E.
1822 5 Apr Barnesly, J.
1822 5 Apr. Parkes, C.
1830 6 Apr. Brudenell, J.
1830 8 Aug. Barnesly, J., jun.

Woman Cook at Carlton House 1812–1837

1812 19 Feb. Ullersperger, S.
1816 5 Apr. Witham, A.

Yeomen 1660–1837

1660 Betterton, M.
1661 15 Sept. Beeley, W.
1662 2 Jan. Des Lawton, N.
1664 1 Oct. Mushey, M.
By 1667 Beeley, W.
1667 21 Sept. Causham, J.
1674 4 Sept. Marshall, T.
1674 9 Dec. Tattau alias La Brie, J.
1677 21 Sept. André, L.
1681 10 Mar. Tattau alias La Brie, J.
1681 3 Dec. Buss, T.
By 1683 Wilson, T.
1683 3 July Centlivre, J.
1683 30 July Rose, G.
1685 22 Apr. Centlivre, J.
1685 30 June Audley, P.
1685 1 July Budding, T.
1687 18 Jan. Thompson, J.
1689 22 Mar. Horitiner, U.
1690 13 Dec. Leimbeck, S.
1690 13 Dec. Hicks, E.
By 1698 Linchcombe, J.
1698 9 Feb. Centlivre, J.
1698 9 Feb. Welbeck, L.
1699 21 Feb. Arnaud, C.
1701 19 June Le Meray, J.
1702 3 July Cookoe, R.
1708 23 Mar. Daniel, W.
1714 12 Feb. Calhoune, W.
1715 21 June Sells, J.
1715 21 June Wells, T.
1715 26 July Centlivre, J.
1715 26 July Le Meray, J.
1724 18 Mar. Evans, H.
1725 22 Jan. Hicks, E.
1727 1 July Collins, W.
1727 1 July Lyon, H.
1727 1 July Ayres, J.
1729 1 July Durant, D.
1734 2 Nov. Le Meray, J.
By 1739 Arnaud, C.
1739 16 June Dissell, R.
1741 6 Oct. Frolling, A.
By 1745 Hicks, E.
1745 1 Oct. Richardson, E.
By 1746 Calhoune, W.
1746 1 Jan. Weston, C.
1748 1 Feb. Davis, R.
1748 1 Aug. Griffith, T.
1748 1 Dec. Godding, J.
1750 28 Mar. Jordan, C.
1750 17 Nov. Peddy, C.
1753 22 Jan. Goodwin, J.
1754 22 Jan. Francis, G.
1754 24 Dec. Coutour, L.
1757 12 May Fraser, C.
1759 28 Aug. Lloyd, S.
1760 15 Dec. Tegetmeyer, H.
1770 1 Jan. Smith, B.
1770 26 Nov. Dixon, J.
1772 27 Feb. Wybrow, W.
1772 14 Apr. Matthews, C.
1772 11 June Harris, G.
1778 28 Jan. Gardiner, N.
1779 6 Mar. Donaldson, P.
1782 30 Aug. Winfield, T.
1799 13 Nov. Cope, W.
1806 6 Feb. Rawlinson, G.
1806 19 Aug. Teede, J.
1807 10 Dec. Wybrow, G.
1810 2 Aug. Law, A.
1810 24 Dec. Spencer, T.
1812 19 Feb. Ullersberger, M. (Carlton House)
1812 19 Feb. Grillon, B. (Carlton House)
1816 5 Apr. Brand, H. (Carlton House)
1817 6 Apr. Morell, F.E. (Carlton House)
1822 5 Apr. Huggins, T.
1822 10 Oct. Chevasset, F.
1822 10 Oct. Miller, J.
1822 10 Oct. Jacquiery, A.
1826 5 Apr. Sheppard, G.
1830 7 Aug. Hutin, J.A.
1830 9 Nov. Querini, J.
1834 28 Feb. Baylis, E.

Supernumerary Yeomen 1662–1683; 1686–1688

1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1664 1 Oct. Wilson, T.
1664 1 Oct. Causham, J.
1668 1 Oct. Pritchard, M.
1674 30 June Wilson, T.
1686 1 Feb. Foxall, R.

Grooms 1660–1837

1660 22 Aug. Marshall, T.
By 1661 Mushey, M.
1674 4 Sept. Foxall, R.
1683 30 July Thompson, J.
1685 22 Apr. Linchcombe, J.
1687 18 Jan. Beacher, J.
1690 13 Dec. Welbeck, L.
1690 13 Dec. Beacher, A.
By 1698 Cooper, G.
1698 9 Feb. Sells, J.
By 1699 Beacher, J.
1702 3 July Golding, W.
1702 3 July Pritchard, J.
1702 3 July Daniel, W.
1702 3 July Calhoune, W.
1707 14 July Hounsleff, W.
1708 23 Mar. Frolling, C.
1708 23 Mar. Webb, T.
1712 29 Oct. Smith, J.
1714 12 Feb. Evans, H.
1715 21 June Lisney, C.
1717 12 Dec. Hicks, E.
1718 13 Dec. Arnaud, C.
1720 29 Sept. Thornburgh, J.
1721 1 Aug. Dissell, R.
1724 18 Mar. Ward, W.
1725 22 Jan. Frolling, A.
1727 1 July Durant, D.
1727 1 July Conyers, J.
1729 1 July Richardson, E.
1733 12 Mar. Chambers, H.W.
1733 1 Oct. Griffith, T.
1734 2 Nov. Godding, J.
By 1739 Dissell, R.
By 1739 s Frolling, A.
1739 16 June Weston, C.
1741 6 Oct. Jordan, C.
By 1742 Labelle, A.
1742 31 Aug. Peddy, C.
1744 1 Nov. Goodwin, J.
1745 1 Oct. Chambers, H.W.
1745 1 Oct. Francis, G.
1747 1 July Coutour, L.
1748 1 Aug. Ried, D.
1748 1 Dec. Fraser, C.
1750 28 Mar. Lloyd, S.
1750 17 Nov. Maybank, R.
1753 22 Jan. Durant, J.
1753 22 Jan. Burnet, E.
1754 22 Jan. Dale, W.
1754 24 Dec. Smith, B.
1757 12 May Jackson, T.
1759 28 Aug. Lewis, D.
1765 16 Jan. Dixon, J.
1770 1 Jan. Wybrow, W.
1770 26 Nov. Matthews, C.
1771 24 Apr. Harris, G.
1772 27 Feb. Gardiner, N.
1772 14 Apr. Donaldson, P.
1772 11 June Smailes, W.
1772 30 July Winfield, T.
1778 28 Jan. Cope, W.
1779 6 Mar. Rawlinson, G.
1782 21 Feb. Smith, C.
1782 30 Aug. Kennedy, A.
1799 13 Nov. Pye, J.
1801 23 Feb. Teede, J.
1804 3 Dec. Wybrow, G.
1806 6 Feb. Law, A.
1806 6 Apr. Spencer, T.
1806 19 Aug. Mann, J.
1807 10 Dec. Pye, J.
1810 2 Aug. Cocks, J.
1810 24 Dec. Barnard, W.

Supernumerary Grooms 1662–1681

1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1664 1 Oct. Rose, G.
1664 1 Oct. Plater, T.
1664 1 Oct. Clarke, T.
1664 1 Oct. Pritchard, M.
1664 1 Oct. Tooley, T.
1668 1 Oct. Buss, T.
1686 1 Feb. Smith, H.

Children 1660–1820

1660 16 Aug. Clarke, T.
1660 24 Aug. Harcourt, A.
1660 28 Aug. de la Tour, J.
1660 29 Aug. Buss, T.
1660 28 Sept. Thompson, J.
1660 12 Oct. Whitmore, T.
1662 18 Jan. Cragg, J.
1664 1 Oct. Foxall, R.
1667 26 Jan. Carpenter, J.
1668 1 Oct. Thompson, J.
1672 20 July Smith, H.
1673 12 Mar. La Marr, C.
1679 7 June Linchcombe, J.
1683 30 July Housedon, A.
1684 23 Jan. Arnold, W.
1685 22 Apr. Beacher, J.
1686 2 Dec. Cooper, G.
1687 18 Jan. Drew, P.
1690 11 Aug. Frolling, C.
1690 13 Dec. Sells, J.
1690 13 Dec. Golding, W.
1697 17 Mar. Arnaud, C.
1698 9 Feb. Golding, W.
1698 9 Feb. Wells, T.
1699 21 Feb. Pritchard, J.
1699 21 Feb. Daniel, W.
1701 19 June Calhoune, W.
1702 3 July Hounsleff, W.
1702 3 July Smith, J.
1702 14 July Webb, T.
1702 14 July Sheppard, E.
1707 14 July Evans, H.
1708 23 Mar. Centlivre, E.
1710 8 Feb. Arnaud, C.
1712 29 Oct. Dissell, R.
1714 12 Feb. Hicks, E.
1714 15 Feb. Ward, W.
1715 21 June Thornburgh, J.
1715 21 June Cookoe, R.
1716 18 June Frolling, A.
1717 16 Dec. Labelle, A.
1718 13 Dec. Fraser, J.
1720 29 Sept. Godding, J.
1721 1 Aug. Howard, N.
1724 18 Mar. Weston, C.
1725 22 Jan. Jordan, C.
1727 1 July Higgenson, R.
1727 1 July Chambers, H.W.
1727 1 July Griffith, T.
1732 1 Feb. Hobbs, J.
1732 15 Feb. Supply, P.
1733 12 Mar. Jackson, J.J.
1733 1 Oct. Calhoune, W.
1734 1 Mar. Godding, J.
1734 2 Nov. Ried, D.
1735 1 Sept. Peddy, C.
1737 1 June Weston, C.
1739 16 June Jordan, C.
1739 16 June Coutour, L.
1740 1 Jan. Prothero, J.
1741 6 Oct. Goodwin, J.
1741 6 Oct. Withers, W.
1742 31 Aug. Oswald, J.
1743 1 Apr. Fraser, C.
1743 1 Sept. Barbee, J.
1744 1 Nov. Francis, G.
By 1745 Lloyd, S.
1746 1 Jan. Maybank, R.
By 1747 Burnet, E.
1747 1 Jan. Durant, J.
1747 1 July Dale, W.
1748 1 Aug. Burnet, D.
1748 1 Dec. Smith, B.
1750 28 Mar. Jackson, T.
1750 17 Nov. Lewis, D.
By 1753 Reeves, J.
1753 22 Jan. Price, A.
1753 22 Jan. Matthews, C.
1753 16 May Fallowfield, J.
1754 22 Jan. Okes, J.
1754 15 July Cammëyer, J.C.
1754 24 Dec. Rolls, J.
1757 12 May Dixon, J.
1757 25 Dec. Puttick, E.
1759 28 Aug. Kennedy, P.
1761 1 July Wybrow, W.
1765 16 Jan. Matthews, C.
1768 2 June Harris, G.
1770 1 Jan. Grove, E.
1771 15 Jan. Gardiner, N.
1771 25 Feb. Whitfield, H.
1771 24 Apr. Donaldson, P.
1771 29 Nov. Smailes, W.
1772 27 Feb. Winfield, T.
1772 14 Apr. Cope, W.
1772 11 June Rawlinson, G.
1772 13 Oct. Macklow, E.
1775 11 Oct. Smith, C.
1778 28 Jan. Kennedy, A.
1779 6 Mar. Bear, R.
1779 6 Mar. Pye, J.
1782 21 Mar. Steil, C.
1783 30 Aug. Teede, J.
1782 12 Oct. Wybrow, G.
1793 16 Sept. Law, A.
1797 16 May Spencer, T.
1799 13 Nov. Camp, J.
1800 4 Mar. Mann, J.
1801 23 Feb. Pye, J.
1804 3 Dec. Cocks, J.
1806 6 Feb. Barnard, W.
1806 6 Apr. Clarke, A.
1806 19 Aug. Poyntington, W.
1807 10 Dec. Wilson, G.
1810 2 Aug. Clode, J.
1810 24 Dec. Hook, G.

Supernumerary Children (1662–1685; 1686–1688; 1690)

1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1664 1 Oct. Cragg, J.
1664 1 Oct. Dickens, W.
1664 1 Oct. Jones, M.
1664 1 Oct. Knowles, J.
1664 1 Oct. Wateridge, E.
1664 1 Oct. Whitmore, T.
1665 15 Aug. Smith, H.
1668 1 Oct. Carpenter, J.
1668 1 Oct. Paschall, L.
1671 22 Nov. Budding, T.
1672 15 May Randall, W.
1674 30 June Smith, H.
1674 4 Sept. Housedon, A.
1676 15 July Richards, J.
1680 9 Jan. Linchcombe, J.
1682 25 July Roberts, J.
1683 28 Aug. Chance, J.
1683 28 Aug. Shaw, J.
1686 1 Feb. Sands, H.
1686 1 Feb. Warden, R.
1690 2 Feb. Frolling, C.

Apprentices by 1730–1761

By 1730 Mackenzie, H.
By 1730 Hobbs, J.
1730 14 Jan. Jackson, J.
1732 14 Feb. Fifefield, B.
1733 12 Mar. Coutour, L.
1739 16 June Rolls, J.
1744 1 Jan. Maybank, R.
1745 Jan. Crouch, C.
1748 1 June Burnet, D.
1748 1 Aug. Puttick, E.
1756 29 Apr. Whitfield, H.
1760 15 Dec. Turner, C.

Kitchen Boys (from c. 1820 Apprentices) at Carlton House 1812–1837

1812 19 Feb. Brand, H.
1812 19 Feb. Mora, L.
1812 19 Feb. Talkes, T.
1816 5 Jan. Spring, C.
1816 5 July Miller, J.
1816 5 July Morel, E.F.
1817 5 Apr. Jacquires, A.
1820 5 July Vasset, C.
1820 10 Oct. Lezerou, ?F.
1822 5 July Mason, W.
1822 10 Oct. Brand, H. W.
1822 10 Oct. Lloyd, A.
1824 5 Apr. Cook, W.
1825 5 July Drew, G.
1826 5 Apr. Cagney, H.
1827 6 Jan. F. Byrne
1828 5 Apr. Baylis, E.
1825 5 Apr. Seabrook, W.
1829 10 July Couroux, A.
1830 5 Apr. Cullen, W.
1831 6 Apr. Johns, J.
1832 1 Apr. Ellis, C.
1832 20 Nov. Heale, ?G.
1833 1 Oct. Thompson, W.
1835 1 Apr. Hakes, W.
1836 1 Apr. Mullins, B. W.

Turnbroaches 1662–1815

By 1661 Granger, W.
1662 1 Dec. ? (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. ? (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. ? (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. ? (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. ? (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. ? (fn. 16)
?1663 1 July Bull, J.
?1663 1 July Terrey, W.
1664 1 Oct. Lane, J.
1664 1 Oct. Webb, J., [sen.]
1664 1 Oct. Housedon, A.
1664 1 Oct. Earnald, J.
1668 1 Oct. Arnold, J.
1668 1 Oct. Lisney, J.
1668 1 Oct. Tompson, R.
1675 9 May Dobson, W.
1682 6 Jan. Beetham, A.
By 1683 Smith, R.
1683 19 Feb. Webb, J., jun.
1683 28 Feb. Weekes, D.
1683 12 Apr. Hookes, E.
1684 1 Apr. Webb, J. [?sen.]
1685 1 July Cooper, G.
1685 29 Dec. Wrookit, J.
1685 29 Dec. Weeks, D.
1686 2 Dec. Harris, W.
1688 6 Jan. Beacher, A.
1689 30 Mar. Smith, J.
1689 30 Mar. Fosbrook, J.
1689 30 Mar. Dissell, J.
1690 ?1 Nov. Colles, E.
1691 5 Nov. Gatley, J.
1697 13 Mar. Lisney, C.
1699 1 Oct. Grimstone, J.
1699 26 Apr. Webb, J., jun.
1702 1 July Edwards, S.
1702 1 July Grecian, T.
1702 1 July Parkinson, E.
1702 1 July Harris, E.
?[1715 1 Feb.] Grimstone, J.
?[1715 1 Feb.] Gatley, J.
?[1715 1 Feb.] Fosbrook, J.
?[1715 1 Feb.] Eatwell, J.
?[1715 1 Feb.] Wheeler, J.
?[1715 1 Feb.] Steele, L.
?[1715 1 Feb.] Turner, S.
By 1718 Hellacher, D.
1721 28 Dec. Mosley, R.
1723 1 Jan. Green, E.
1723 1 Jan. Bickley, T.
1723 1 Oct. Dick, J.
1725 2 June Mathews, J.
1727 11 June Higgenson, T.
1727 1 Oct. Yorke, S.
1729 7 Oct. Yorke, H.
1734 1 July Garnans, G.
By 1741 Pearse, J.
1741 1 July Wynn, W.
1744 1 Jan. Crayford, R.
1745 1 Apr. Hilbord, J.
1747 1 Oct. Wheelwright, H.
1749 1 Jan. Wynn, T.
1749 1 Mar. Adams, T.
By 1751 Sneyd, J.
By 1751 Norton, I.
1751 1 Jan. Mooney, R.
1751 1 July Billingsly, J.
By 1754 Weston, C.
1754 4 Mar. Weston, T.
1760 1 Oct. Prebbel, A.
1776 13 Jan. Cowan, G.
1781 5 Jan. Parks, J.
1782 1 Jan. Brown, R.
1786 14 Jan. Holt, C. H.
1789 8 Sept. Abbot, J.
1792 6 Apr. Walter, J.
1795 11 Feb. Duff, B.
1801 16 Dec. Thompson, J.
1806 22 Jan. Mance, H.
1808 6 Jan. Burrows, J.
1808 6 Jan. Smith, J.
1810 10 Oct. Wynn, W.
By 1812 Barnesley, J.
By 1812 Money, J.
[?1812] 4 Nov. Matthews, W.

Supernumerary Turnbroaches 1662–1688

1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1664 1 Oct. Betterton, C.
1664 1 Oct. Bridges, N.
1664 1 Oct. Capell, J.
1664 1 Oct. Crookey, J.
1664 1 Oct. Eaton, J.
1664 1 Oct. Gardiner, J.
1664 1 Oct. Granger, W.
1664 1 Oct. Gray, H.
1664 1 Oct. Henson, H.
1664 1 Oct. Hill, J.
1664 1 Oct. Hill, W.
1664 1 Oct. Jackson, W.
1664 1 Oct. James, N.
1664 1 Oct. Lee, T.
1664 1 Oct. Levan, L.
1664 1 Oct. Linchcombe, J.
1664 1 Oct. Lisney, J.
1664 1 Oct. Linnet, J.
1664 1 Oct. Martin, T.
1664 1 Oct. Pattison, J.
1664 1 Oct. Sands, T.
1664 1 Oct. Story, F.
1664 1 Oct. Stronwick, R.
1664 1 Oct. Talbot, S.
1664 1 Oct. Tompson, R.
1664 1 Oct. Tomlins, J.
1664 1 Oct. Walton, A.
1668 1 Oct. Alsop, T.
1668 1 Oct. Franklin, T.
1668 1 Oct. Nightengale, J.
1668 1 Oct. Smith, E.
1668 1 Oct. Linchcomb, J., jun.
1668 1 Oct. Walton, W.
1672 28 Oct. Brock, T.
1674 30 June Chambers, T.
1674 30 June King, H.
1674 30 June Lewis, W.
1674 30 June Paris, E.
1674 30 June Pipe, E.
1674 30 June Simmones, J.
1674 30 June Watson, W.
1675 11 Jan. Drinkmetal, J.
1675 1 Oct. Beddoe, R.
1678 14 May Ross, D.
1680 9 Jan. France, W.
1680 9 Jan. James, J.
1680 9 Jan. King, N.
1681 Jan. Webb, J., jun.
1681 5 Jan. Farmer, J.
1683 5 Jan. Watts, T.
1683 1 Apr. Watson, H.
1684 13 Feb. Ganthorne, N.
1684 9 July Lewis, J.
1685 1 July Webb, J., jun.
1685 1 July Yorke, S.
1685 1 July Hibbert, R.
1685 1 July Firebrace, T.
1689 1 Apr. Watson, H.
1689 1 Apr. Shaw, G.

Scourers of the Privy Kitchen 1662–1815

1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16) (Porter and Scourer)
1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16) (Porter and Scourer)
1664 1 Oct. Barnard, J.(Porter and Scourer)
1664 1 Oct. Smith, H.(Porter and Scourer)
1668 1 Oct. Latour, W.(Porter and Scourer)
1684 2 Jan. Parke, E.(Porter and Scourer)
1685 1 July Blandford, R.
1689 30 Mar. Frossell, J.
1689 30 Mar. Goodwin, J.
1689 30 Mar. Hansard, C.
1693 6 May Tomlin, W.
1699 1 Oct. Drew, P.
1702 1 July Webb, T.
[?1715 1 Feb.] Hobbs, J.
[c.1717 8 Feb.] Lester, T.
1727 11 June Percival, T.
By 1743 How, J.
1743 1 July Carter, D.
1744 1 Jan. Crouch, N.
1747 1 Oct. Hilbord, J.
1749 14 June Rickson, T.
1761 1 Jan. Collins, S.
1761 1 Jan. Harris, G.
1761 1 July Hilbord, J.
1766 17 Dec. Hughes, J.
1768 3 June Lewis, T.
1768 1 July Lewis, J.
1772 3 Dec. Fox, J.
1775 18 Jan. Evans, J.
1779 6 Mar. Luke, J.
1801 2 Mar. Collins, F.

Supernumerary Scourer 1662–1674; 1685–?1686

1662 1 Dec. ? (fn. 16)
1662 1 Dec. ? (fn. 16)
1664 1 Oct. Ibbot, E.
1664 1 Oct. Barnat, W., sen.
1664 1 Oct. Barnat, W. jun.
1664 1 Oct. Brown, R.
1664 1 Oct. Gardiner, B.
1664 1 Oct. Lamb, G.
1685 1 July Frossell, J.
1685 1 July Deakins, W.
1685 1 July Thompson, J.

Scourers at Carlton House [later of the Privy Kitchen] 1812–1837

Master Scourer at Carlton House 1812–1837

1812 19 Feb. Walby, E.
1825 5 July Sicklin, M.

Second Scourer at Carlton House by 1812–1837

1812 5 Jan. Soley, W.
1814 6 Jan. Bokay, S.
1815 10 Oct. Sicklin, M.
1825 5 July Brudenell, J.
1828 8 Apr. Barnesly, J., jun.
1832 5 Apr. Walby, E.
1836 17 Jan. Dawson, J.

Assistant Scourers [Servants to the Scourers] 1761–1815

1761 1 July Maycock, S.
1762 1 Jan. Austin, W.
1762 13 Feb. Sawyer, J.
1762 13 Feb. Siggo, J.
1762 12 Mar. Stratford, D.
1769 25 May Cant, W.
1770 28 Feb. Painter, J.
1771 1 May Luke, J.
1772 4 June Alldin, T.
1772 12 June Porter, R.
1772 30 July George, W.
1773 12 May Miles, R.
1779 6 Mar. Pendrill, T.
1784 6 Jan. Stroud, W.
1791 28 Aug. Bushell, R.
1792 6 July Cowles, T.
1793 11 Oct. Coules, W.
1796 7 Mar. Hawes, J.
1810 15 May Sutherland, A.

Soil-Carriers 1714–1815

1716 14 Mar. Wynn, J.
1723 1 July Maulkin, R.
1727 1 July Hobson, J.
1735 1 July Bean, V.
By 1750 Maulkin, R.
1750 6 Dec. Wheelwright, H.
1761 1 July Browne, J.
1762 1 Apr. Bonner, J.
1779 15 July Baill, T.
1784 6 Jan. Pearse, J.
1791 6 Dec. Walter, C.F.
1794 13 Feb. Reeves, W.

Kitchen Maid at Carlton House 1812–1837

1812 19 Feb. Schreeves, A.
1815 10 Oct. Martin, M.
1822 10 Oct. Jefferies, A.
1826 5 Jan. Martin, J.
1830 8 Sept. Armstrong, P.
1830 1 Apr. Streeter, E.
1833 1 July Whiting, J.

Doorkeepers of the Privy Kitchen 1662–1664; 1668–1815

1662 1 Dec. [?] (fn. 16)
1664 1 Oct. Office vacant
1668 1 Oct. Jones, N.
By 1673 Johnson, R.
167[?3] 26 June Shepheard, W.
1683 19 Feb. Webb, J., sen.
1684 1 Apr. Robinson, R.
1689 30 Mar. Schowfeild, E.
1689 30 Mar. Thomas, W.
?1692 Eckersal, J.
1697 19 Oct. Wynn, J.
[1708c. 24 Apr.] Needham, S.
[1715 1 Feb.] Habberly, R.
[1715 1 Feb.] Needham, S.
1722 1 Apr. Gamul, W.
1722 1 Oct. Tully, R.
1724 1 Oct. Weaver, G
1742 1 Jan. Pullen, E.
1761 1 July Smith, J.
1766 8 Apr. Fielder, T.
1770 4 July Florey, C.
1774 14 Oct. McIntosh, T.
1784 12 Dec. Parsey, J.
1786 6 Jan. Adcock, J.

Supernumerary Doorkeeper of the Privy Kitchen 1685–1688

1685 1 July Lewis, W.

Footnotes

  • 1. 1. LS 13/31, f. 12; LS 13/34, f. 12; LS 13/35, f. 12; LS 13/253, f. 17; LS 13/37, ff. 9v, 11; LS 13/38, f. 11; LS 13/39, p. 20; LS 13/40, p. 21; LS 13/43, f. 12v; LS 13/44, p. 13; LS 13/49, p. 31; LS 13/55; LS 13/184, p. 150; LS 13/69, pp. 58, 60.
  • 2. LS 2/48, 56.
  • 3. LS 2/48, 56, f. 5.
  • 4. PSBC, p. 12; LS 13/7, f. 7; LS 13/8, f. 6A; LS 13/31, f. 12; LS 13/34, ff. 12, 25; LS 13/35, ff. 12v, 19v, 26v; LS 13/36, ff. 13v, 28; LS 13/37 f. 11; LS 13/253, ff. 55, 90; LS 13/38, f. 10v; LS 13/39, p. 20; LS 13/ 43, f. 13; LS 13/44, f. 13; LS 13/49, p. 31; LS 13/55; LS 13/60 f. 2; LS 13/262, f. 42v; LS 13/263, ff. 86, 100; LS 13/266, f. 76v. Under Anne, yeomen of the privy kitchen also received daily bread and beer, dinner when in attendance and fees of honour estimated to yield £4: LS 13/43; for the calculation of fees of honour, see Bucholz, pp. 318–9, n. 102. By 1812, the yeomen also received allowances in kind worth between £45 and £76 14s per annum: LS 13/184, p. 237.
  • 5. LS 13/69 p. 60; LS 13/267, ff. 49, 51v, 68r and v; LS 13/184, p. 252; LS 2/48, 56.
  • 6. PSBC, p. 12; LS 13/31 ff. 12, 16v; LS 13/34, ff. 12, 25; LS 13/35, ff. 12, 19v; LS 13/36, ff. 13v, 19v; LS 13/37, ff. 11, 15; LS 13/38, f. 10v; LS 13/39, p. 20; LS 13/ 43, f. 13; LS 13/44, f. 13; LS 13/49, p. 31; LS 13/55; LS 13/60, f. 2v; LS 13/180, f. 47v. Under Queen Anne, they were also allowed bread and beer. Their allowances in kind were calculated to be worth £36 apiece in 1812: LS 13/43; LS 13/184, p. 237.
  • 7. LS 13/69, p. 59; LS 13/184, pp. 252, 408; LS 2/43, 46.
  • 8. PSBC, p. 12; LS 13/31, ff. 12, 16v; LS 13/34, ff. 12, 25; LS 13/35, f. 12; LS 13/36, f. 13v; LS 13/37, f. 11; LS 13/38, f. 10v; LS 13/39, p. 20; LS 13/ 43, f. 13; LS 13/44, f. 13; LS 13/49, p. 31; LS 13/55; LS 13/62, f. 2v; LS 13/184, p. 237; LS 13/253, f. 30. Under Queen Anne, they were also allowed bread and beer. Their allowances in kind were calculated to be worth £36 apiece in 1812: LS 13/43; LS 13/184, p. 237.
  • 9. LS 2/43; LS 2/46; LS 13/69, p. 59; LS 13/184, pp. 252, 408.
  • 10. LS 2/47.
  • 11. HMC Ormonde MSS. n.s. III, 3; LS 13/31, f. 12, 16v; LS 13/34, ff. 12, 27v; LS 13/35, ff. 12, 20v. An additional supernumerary was named in 1674; their number fell to fourteen in 1680: LS 13/36, f. 20v; LS 13/37, f. 15v; LS 13/38, f. 11; LS 13/39, p. 20; LS 13/40, pp. 21, 26; LS 13/43, f. 12v; LS 13/44, f. 13; LS 13/49, p. 31; LS 13/55; LS 13/62; LS 2/41.
  • 12. HMCOrmonde MSS. n.s., III, 3; LS 13/31, ff. 12, 16v; LS 13/34, ff. 12, 27; LS 13/35, f. 20v; LS 13/36, f. 20v; LS 13/38, ff. 11, 13; LS 13/39, p. 20, 28; LS 13/40, pp. 20, 26; LS 13/55; LS 13/60; LS 2/39; LS 2/41; LS 2/43; LS 2/54.
  • 13. LS 2/13.
  • 14. LS 13/49, p. 31; LS 2/13; LS 2/39, f. 20; LS 2/48.
  • 15. HMCOrmonde MSS. n.s. III, 3; LS 13/31, f. 12; LS 13/34, f. 12; LS 13/35, f. 12. A supernumerary at £14 per annum was named in 1685: LS 13/38, f. 13v. LS 13/39, f. 20v; LS 13/40, p. 21; LS 13/44, p. 13; LS 13/55; LS 2/39.
  • 16. The Establishment of 1 Dec. 1662 lists, but does not name two supernumerary yeomen, two grooms, two children, eighteen turnbroaches and two scourers: LS 13/31, f. 116v).