Parliament Rolls of Medieval England. Originally published by Boydell, Woodbridge, 2005.
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'Henry V: October 1416', in Parliament Rolls of Medieval England, (Woodbridge, 2005) pp. . British History Online https://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/parliament-rolls-medieval/october-1416 [accessed 21 April 2024]
In this section
1416 October
Introduction October 1416
Westminster
19 October - 18 November
(C 65/78. RP , IV.94-105. SR , II. 196-200.)
C 65/78 is a roll of 10 membranes, each approximately 310mm (12 ins) wide, sewn together in chancery style and numbered at the head and foot in a later hand. The text is in a neat and clear chancery script, occupying the rectos only. The versos are blank, apart from a brief identification of the roll, on membranes 1 and 10. This occurs twice on m. 10, in the forms 'pl. 4. H 5' and, even more briefly, '4. H 5', and on m. 1 it is in a later hand, in the words 'Parl. de anno 4 to H. 5 ti '. The roll appears to be complete, and is in a reasonably good condition, apart from a large tear at the foot of m. 1, and there are only a few small stains, mostly on membranes 10, 7 and 2. Most of membrane 4 is blank, between the main business of parliament and the commons' petitions, and there are also substantial gaps left at the ends of membranes 9 and 6. The marginal headings for the main business of parliament, and also for the last two items - 'Le pardone grantee par le roy' and 'Del rumperie des trieues du roy' - are contemporary, but those of most of the commons' petitions are later. The numbering of items is also later, but the Roman numerals given to the commons' petitions are contemporary. Several of the initials are given simple penwork decorations.
The parliament which was summoned to Westminster on 19 October 1416 was the third to have met in the past eleven months, and the sixth to have met during the three and a half years since Henry V had come to the throne. Its purpose was unambiguous: to provide money and support for the king's projected second expedition to France. The summer had been almost entirely devoted to diplomatic manoeuvring designed to improve Henry's chances of repeating his spectacular military triumphs of 1415. The Holy Roman Emperor, Sigismund, remained in England until late August, and before leaving concluded the Treaty of Canterbury with Henry (which this parliament duly ratified). Then, in early October, in a three-cornered conference at Calais with Sigismund and Duke John of Burgundy - the details of which were a tightly-guarded secret at the time, and are still far from clear (fn. o1416int-1) - Henry seems to have succeeded in securing the sort of guarantees from Duke John (if not active support, then at worst benevolent neutrality) which would allow him to plan his forthcoming campaign with confidence. The Calais conference broke up on 13 October, and three days later the king returned to England to attend the opening of parliament on the 19th. Simultaneously, another English embassy was visiting Paris, where, on 20 October, agreement was reached to prolong the Anglo-French truce until the beginning of February 1417. But it was clearly neither peace nor an enduring truce that was really in Henry's mind, but war.
The writs summoning the parliament had been issued from Sandwich on 3 September, the day before the king crossed to Calais. The list of lords spiritual summoned was, apart from the exclusion of the abbots of Bury St Edmunds and St Mary's York, the same as for the parliament in March. The number of lords temporal summoned was probably thirty-six, or possibly thirty-seven. The only certain newcomer amongst these was Henry Percy, the new earl of Northumberland, who had been restored to his grandfather's title during the previous parliament. It is possible - or at least it was later alleged - that John Lord Maltravers was also summoned, under the style of earl of Arundel, but if this was the case, it was the only parliament to which he was summoned, although he lived until 1421. (fn. o1416int-2) This was, at any rate, the last parliament for five years to which a respectable number of lay peers was summoned (although that does not mean that a respectable number attended; in fact, there is evidence that a total of only about thirty lords,spiritua l and temporal combined, were present, out of the seventy-seven summoned). (fn. o1416int-3) The returns of the elected members are more deficient than for any other parliament of the reign; the names of only thirty of them are known, including virtually none of the county members. (fn. o1416int-4)
The opening speech delivered by Bishop Henry Beaufort of Winchester to the lords and commons when, on Monday 19 October, they assembled in the Painted Chamber at Westminster, was as audacious as it was eloquent. This was, he reminded his audience, the sixth parliament that Henry V had held; in the first he had worked to restore good government, in the second he had made good laws, in the third he had sought support for his attempts to recover his rights in France. Yet, despite his God-given victories over the French, they still refused to bow to His judgment, so that yet again it was clear that the issue must of necessity be determined by the sword. And yet, Beaufort was careful to point out, war was not an end in itself; the end of war was peace, and it was towards this end that the king and the nation must work, so that, like the Holy Trinity, which created the world in six days and rested on the seventh, so too the king, following this his sixth parliament, might ultimately be able to bring the war to an end and 'come to perpetual peace and quiet'. Only if adequate provision were made, however, was this likely to be achieved - and it was, of course, the duty of the commons to make such provision. (fn. o1416int-5)
Two days later, on Wednesday 21 October, the commons presented as their speaker Roger Flore, esquire and MP for Rutland, a man of vast parliamentary and administrative experience who, a few weeks later - perhaps as a reward for his management of the commons - was to be appointed chief steward of the duchy of Lancaster in the north. He seems to have satisfied all parties, for his companions also elected him speaker in the next two parliaments, of 1417 and 1419, a feat (ie, three successive speakerships) not equalled until the seventeenth century. (fn. o1416int-6) Following Flore's election, there are very few indications as to the chronology of the remainder of the parliament. The author of the Gesta Henrici Quinti noted that the anniversary of Agincourt (25 October) was celebrated with a Te Deum in the royal chapel, but the only other date mentioned in the roll is Wednesday 18 November, the day of the dissolution. Presumably this was also the day on which the two tenths and fifteenths were formally granted to the king, although this is not stated on the roll.
A double subsidy was a generous grant - Henry could hardly have expected more - but there are indications that, notwithstanding the commons' liberality, the 'shoe was now clearly beginning to pinch', (fn. o1416int-7) and it was not granted unconditionally. One and a half of the two tenths and fifteenths were to be collected by February, but the remaining half was not to be collected until November 1417, and under no circumstances were any further taxes to be granted in the meantime, nor any acceleration of this timetable to be permitted. This was, perhaps, not quite as speedy as the king had hoped, for he promptly sought permission to take out loans in anticipation of the half subsidy not due until November; this was agreed, but only as long as this half would be strictly applied to the repayment of these loans, an undertaking which all the lords who were present, including (and especially) the king's brothers, were personally required to guarantee. (fn. o1416int-8) It may well be that Henry was also obliged to make certain further concessions in return for his taxes. As in November 1414, for example (when a double subsidy was last granted), he issued, 'at the request of the commons', a comprehensive general pardon to all those who wished to sue for one before Michaelmas 1417; he also agreed to modify the 1414 Statute of Truces so as to allow right of reprisal to any of his subjects who was unable to gain redress against foreign truce-breakers by peaceful means, which effectively emasculated this thoroughly unpopular statute. (fn. o1416int-9)
Two further significant items of business were brought forward at the king's instigation: the ratification of the Treaty of Canterbury, and the promotion of Thomas Beaufort, earl of Dorset (the latter occurring on the final day of the session). The former was of course a formality (there was no chance that the commons would withhold their assent), but it is interesting that ratification by both the English parliament and the German imperial electors had been written into the treaty as a condition of its validity. Consequently, the entire text of the treaty was rehearsed and enrolled on the roll of parliament. The promotion of Beaufort, the king's uncle, to the dukedom of Exeter was a recognition of the crucial role he had played in the war during the past fifteen months, especially in resisting the French siege of Harfleur (of which he was captain) during the spring and summer. Although his dukedom was only granted to him for life, it was accompanied by a hereditary grant of £1000 per annum, to be taken at the exchequer until suitable lands could be found. According to the St Albans chronicler, when the lords were asked to approve Beaufort's promotion, they replied that it would have been better if the king's gift had been somewhat larger, for it 'was not commensurate with the merits and virtues of such a man'. (fn. o1416int-10) Coincidentally, the last holder of the dukedom of Exeter had been John Holand, who was deprived of the title in 1399 and executed for treason in 1400, and whose son John petitioned in this parliament for the restoration of his father's subsidiary title of earl of Huntingdon. This was granted to him, as were his father's entailed estates from the moment he came of age in March 1417, but the estates which his father had held in fee simple were to be retained by the king. (fn. o1416int-11) He did, however, eventually recover his father's dukedom, though not until January 1444, seventeen years after Thomas Beaufort's death.
Of the commons' petitions, the most noteworthy (apart from those already discussed) was the modification of the Statute of Labourers, whereby in future fines were to be imposed solely on those who received, and not on those who gave, wages higher than the prescribed norm; employers had apparently been discouraged from prosecuting their employees under the statute, since they too would be the sufferers. There was also a repetition of the request made in the March parliament that shipowners should receive compensation for the time during which their vessels were impressed in the king's service. Given the undisguised intentions of the king, this was no doubt becoming a matter of some urgency, and the commons' generosity, by enabling Henry to move swiftly forward on the road to war, perhaps made it more urgent still. Once again, Henry had succeeded in getting practically everything he wanted from parliament. The Canterbury convocation had also granted a double tenth, and shortly after Christmas the York convocation also met and agreed to grant a tenth. As a result, the Michaelmas 1416-17 term saw more money pouring into the royal exchequer than any other single term between 1399 and 1485. (fn. o1416int-12) Yet Henry had not merely persuaded his subjects to open their purses, he also seems to have won their hearts and minds; for, notwithstanding the propagandist bent of the Gesta Henrici Quinti , there is much that bears out the essential truth of its closing words, written during the first half of 1417, that the parliament ended 'with the final adoption of the king's unbreakable resolve to go overseas in the following summer to subdue the stubborn and more than adamantine obduracy of the French, which neither the tender milk of goats nor the consuming wine of vengeance, nor yet the most thoroughgoing negotiations, could soften'. (fn. o1416int-13) So indeed it was to prove.
Text and translation
| [p. iv-94] | |
| [col. a] | |
| [memb. 10] | |
| ROTULUS PARLIAMENTI TENTI APUD WESTM', DECIMO NONO DIE OCTOBRIS, ANNO REGNI REGIS HENRICI QUINTI POST CONQUESTUM QUARTO. | THE ROLL OF THE PARLIAMENT HELD AT WESTMINSTER ON 19 OCTOBER, IN THE FOURTH YEAR OF THE REIGN OF KING HENRY THE FIFTH SINCE THE CONQUEST. |
| Pronunciacione du parlement. | [The opening of parliament]. |
| 1. Fait assavoir, q'al parlement tenuz a Westm', le .xix. jour d'Octobre, l'an du regne del Roy Henry quint puis le conqueste quarte, mesme nostre tressoverain [seignur] le roy seant en sa [see roiale] en la Chambre Depeinte dedeinz soun palois a Westm', et auxi les seignurs espirituelx et temporelx, et les chivalers des countees, et citezeinz et burgeoises de soun roialme, venuz a dit parlement pur tout la commune de mesme le roialme, illoeqes adonqes esteantz, monseignur l'evesqe de Wyncestre, uncle a roy, et chanceller d'Engleterre, par commandement de roy disoit, qe le roy voet, qe seinte esglise ait et enjoise ses droitures, libertees, et franchises, par luy, et auxi par ses nobles progenitours, bien grantez, et par les ercevesqes, evesqes, abbes, priours, et autres gentz de seinte esglise, bien et duement usez, et par nostre dit tressoverain [seignur] confermez; et auxi qe les seignurs temporelx, citees, et burghs, aient lour libertees et franchises, a eux par mesme le roy, ou par ses ditz progenitours, bien grantez, et par eux bien et duement usez, et par nostre dit tressoverain seignur confermez. Et puis mesme le chanceller, del commandement le roy, pronuncia la cause del somons du dit parlement. | 1. Opening of parliament. Be it known that at the parliament held at Westminster on 19 October, in the fourth year of the reign of King Henry the fifth since the conquest - with our same most sovereign lord the king sitting on his throne in the Painted Chamber in his palace at Westminster, and the lords spiritual and temporal, and the knights of the shires and the citizens and burgesses of his realm, who had come to the said parliament on behalf of the whole commons of the same realm, present there at that time - my lord the bishop of Winchester, the king's uncle and chancellor of England, said at the king's command that the king wishes holy church to have and enjoy its rights, liberties and franchises, properly granted by him and also by his noble progenitors, and correctly and properly exercised by the archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors and other people of holy church and confirmed by our said most sovereign lord; and also that the lords temporal, cities and boroughs should have their liberties and franchises properly granted to them by the same king or by his said progenitors, and correctly and properly exercised by them and confirmed by our said most sovereign lord. And then the same chancellor, at the king's command, declared the reason for the summons of the said parliament. |
| 2. Et prist pur soun theame, Operam detis ut quieti sitis. (fn. iv-94-7-1) Et surceo disoit entre ses autres allegeances, qe desicome la tressainte Trinite en sys jours [creast et] ournast tout le monde, et en le septisme jour se mist a repos, come dit est en seinte escripture, combien qe sanz labour tout le monde il fesoit; semblablement le roy nostre soverain seignur terrene, en accomplissement de ceo, a le quelle il fuit liez a sa coronacione [par soun serement] , ad tenuz ceo enarere [cynk] parlements, es queux ad laboree diverses choses, pluis commendables, al honour de Dieu, et del esglise [d'Engleterre] , [et pur grande profit] et honure de luy mesmes, et de tout soun roialme; et nomement de ceo, qe a soun primer parlement tenuz cy a Westm', il labora entour l'establissement de paix, et bone governance par my le roialme; les queux tanqe encea, loie soit luy toutpuissant, ont continuelment endurez; et de ceo auxi q'en soun seconde parlement tenuz a Leycestre, y fesoit bones et necessaries leies, en plusours cases pluis meschivouses, as queux [y faute de leie] pardevant. Et puis par la ou a pluseurs requisicions faitz, depart nostre dit soverain seignur, par voie de pees, en eschuance d'effusion del sanc Cristiene, [pur] restitucione avoir de les droitures de sa corone d'Engleterre, pardela le meer, envers soun adversair de France, luy fuit deniee par mesme l'adversair, le bone accorde, et traite du pees, la quele est [l'un] issue de chescune querele terrene, et si fuit mys a l'autre issue de querele, q'est [l'espee.] | 2. And he took as his theme, 'Study to be quiet'. (fn. iv-94-7-1) Whereupon he said among other things that just as the most holy Trinity created and adorned the whole world in six days, and rested on the seventh day, as holy scripture says, although they made the whole world without effort; similarly the king our sovereign earthly lord, in order to accomplish that to which he was bound at his coronation by his oath, has up to the present time held five parliaments, in which he has worked to achieve many praiseworthy things to the honour of God and of the English church, and to his own great honour and advantage and that of his whole realm. And specifically he mentioned this: that in his first parliament held here at Westminster, he worked for the establishment of peace and good government throughout the realm; which, may the Almighty be praised, have continued to last until now; then in his second parliament, held at Leicester, he made good and necessary laws in many very troublesome cases for which there was previously no law. And then, when in response to many requests made on the part of our said sovereign lord - following the way of peace, to avoid the shedding of Christian blood - to his French adversary for the restoration of the rights of his crown of England overseas, the same adversary denied him that honest agreement and peace treaty which is one way of proceeding in every earthly dispute, and so he was forced back on the other way of proceeding in a dispute of this nature, which is the sword. |
| 3. [Nostre dit] soverain seignur, en soun tierce parlement tenuz auxi a Westm', del assent de toutz l'estats, et < del > communalte du roialme, [soi] transportant a les parties de France, si avant labora, q'en brieve temps, del haute grace de Dieu, y gaina la ville de Hareflu, q'est la principalle [claeve de France] , et puis combatist a Echyncourt, en la terre de [col. b] France, ove tout la poair de France, des queux Dieu luy dona la tresgracious victorie. Et non obstant, q'en celle conflict [fuit] tuee la grande partie de la chivalrie del partie Franceis, et auxi, qe plusours ducs, conts, et autres grandes seignurs, et chiveuteins de France, nostre dit soverain seignur tient victore en sa garde ses prisoners, ou ceo, qe le roy mesme nostre soverain seignur, puis tanqe encea, deinz quelle temps deux autres parlements ont estee tenuz cy a Westm', ad pursue auxi charitablement come il fist pardevant, pur bone et pesible accorde avoir ovesqe soun dit adversair; les Franceis, pleins d'orguille, et riens pensantz de lour dit rebuc, ou fiblesse, nullement vorront a ceo applier. Pur quoi covient a nostre dit soverain seignur a force se prendre autrefoitz al issue del [espee] , s'il de soun droiturelle purpos et querele avoir vorra fyn, pees, et terminacione, et dire auxi ove luy sage, qe dit: Bella faciamus, ut pacem habeamus, quia finis belli, pax. (fn. iv-94-8-1) Et ore est ceste le sisme parlement nostre dit soverain seignur, en le quelle par le force et execucione du bone et gracious aide, conseil, et assistence, des seignurs et communaltee du roialme, cy presentz a donerz et purveierz en ycelle, tiel effect et esploit, par la haute [editorial note: A letter has been erased at the end of this word.] grace de Dieu, en la dite querele se prendront, q'en apres de guerre cesserons, et a pees et quiete perpetuelle aviendrons. Et outreceo le dit chanceller disoit, qe pur tant qe nostre dit soverain seignur voet, qe droit et ouele justice soit fait a toutz ses lieges, sibien povres, come riches, si ascuny soit qe se vorra compleindre d'ascune tort a luy fait, quelle ne purra estre remediee par la commune leie, q'il mette avant sa peticione parentrecy et lundy prochein avenir, as receivours des peticions, les nons des queux, et auxi les nons des les triours d'icelles, ensuent cy dessoutz. Et a cestes choses et maters par l'aide de Dieu bien parfairez, et a bone fyn deducerz, moun dit seignur le chanceller, par comandement du roy, assigna a les ditz chivalers, citezeins, et burgeoises, une maisone appellee le Froytour, dedeinz l'abbe de Westm', a tenir en ycelle lour conseilles, et assemblees, et q'ils aillent al eleccione de lour commune parlour ceste jour, issint q'ils luy purront presenter a roy demain, en le parlement avantdit. | 3. Whereupon our said sovereign lord, following his third parliament, also held at Westminster, by the assent of all the estates and of the community of the realm, travelled to the parts of France, and worked so hard there that in a short time, by the bountiful grace of God, he won there the town of Harfleur, which is the chief key to France; and then he fought at Agincourt, in the land of [col. b] France, with all the power of France, over whom God most graciously gave him victory. And - notwithstanding that in that conflict the greater part of the knights on the French side were killed, and also that our said sovereign lord, as victor, has in his keeping as his prisoners many dukes, counts and other great French lords and captains, or that the king our same sovereign lord, from then until now, during which time two other parliaments have been held here at Westminster, has tried as generously as he did before to come to a good and peaceful agreement with his said adversary - nevertheless, the French, full of pride, and thinking nothing of their said defeat or weakness, have absolutely refused to reach any agreement. For which reason our said sovereign lord is again of necessity obliged to have recourse to the issue of the sword if he wishes to achieve an end, peace and termination of his just aim and quarrel, thereby fulfilling the words of the wise man, who says: 'Let us make wars so that we might have peace, for the end of war is peace'. (fn. iv-94-8-1) And now this is our said sovereign lord's sixth parliament, in which, with the help and provision of the good and gracious aid, advice and assistance of the lords and commons of the realm, present here to give and provide it, such a course and purpose, with the great grace of God, will be undertaken in the said quarrel, that we will afterwards cease from war and come to perpetual peace and quiet. And furthermore the said chancellor said that since our said sovereign lord wishes right and equal justice to be done to all his lieges, whether poor or rich, if there is anyone who wishes to complain about any wrong done to him which cannot be remedied by common law, he should submit his petition between now and Monday next [26 October] to the receivers of petitions, the names of whom, as well as the names of the triers of petitions, follow below. And in order to accomplish these things and matters properly, with God's help, and to bring them to a fitting conclusion, my said lord the chancellor, at the king's command, assigned to the said knights, citizens and burgesses a house called the frater in the abbey of Westminster, to hold their councils and meetings there, and instructed them to proceed to the election of their common speaker that day, so that they could present him to the king the next day in the aforesaid parliament. |
| [p. iv-95] | |
| [col. a] | |
| 4. Receivours des peticions d'Engleterre, Irland, Gales, et d'Escoce: | 4. Receivers of petitions from England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland: |
| 5. Receivours des peticions de Gascoigne, et des autres terres et paiis depardela le meer, et des Isles: | 5. Receivers of petitions from Gascony and from the other lands and countries overseas, and from the Channel Islands: |
| Et ceux qe voillent liverer lour peticions, les baillent parentrecy, et le lundy proschein avenir. | Those who wish to submit their petitions should deliver them between now and Monday next. |
6. Et sont assignez
triours des peticions d'Engleterre, Irland, Gales, et d'Escoce:
|
6. The following are assigned to be triers of petitions from England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland: |
| Toutz ensemble, ou sys des prelatz et seignurs avauntditz au mains; appellez a eux les chanceller, et tresorer, et auxint les serjantz du roy, qant y bosoignera. Et tiendront lour place en la Chambre du Chamberleyn, pres la Chambre Depeinte. | To act all together, or at least six of the aforesaid prelates and lords, consulting with the chancellor and treasurer, as well as the king's serjeants when necessary. And their session shall be held in the Chamberlain's Chamber, near the Painted Chamber. |
| 7. Et sont assignez triours des peticions de Gascoigne, et des autres terres pardela le meer, et des Isles: | 7. The following are assigned to be triers of petitions for Gascony and the other lands and countries overseas, and for the Channel Islands: |
| Toutz ensemble, ou quatre des prelatz et seignurs avauntditz; appellez a eux les chanceller, et tresorer, et auxint les serjantz du roy, qant y bosoignera. Et tiendront lour place en la Chambre Marcolf. | To act all together, or four of the aforesaid prelates and lords, consulting with the chancellor and treasurer, as well as the king's serjeants when necessary. And their session shall be held in the Marcolf Chamber. |
| Presentacione du parlour. | [Presentation of the speaker]. |
| 8. Mekerdy, le tierce jour de ceste parlement, viendrent les communes devant le roy et les seignurs en parlement, et presenterent Rogier Flour esquier pur lour commune parlour; a qi le roy s'agrea bien. Et apres ceo le dit parlour pria q'il purra parler dessoutz tiele protestacione come autres parlours avoient fait pardevaunt. Et le roy luy ottroia, q'il averoit tiele protestacione, come autres q'avoient estee parlours devaunt ces heures ont eu, el temps de les nobles progenitours mesme nostre seignur le roy. Et pria auxi le dit parlour a nostre dit tressoverain seignur, qe s'il parleroit riens autrement qe n'estoit accorde par ses ditz compaignons, q'il soy purroit corriger et refourmer par lour bone advis. A qi le roi se tient content. | 8. Presentation of the speaker. On Wednesday the third day of this parliament, the commons came before the king and the lords in parliament and presented Roger Flore esquire as their common speaker, whom the king readily accepted. And after this the said speaker requested that he might speak under such protestation as other speakers had done previously. And the king agreed that he should have such protestation as others who had previously been speakers had had in the time of the noble progenitors of our same lord the king. And the said speaker also requested of our said most sovereign lord that if he should say anything to which his said companions had not agreed, he could be corrected and put right by their good advice. To which the king agreed readily. |
| [col. b] | |
| Le graunte fait a roy de deux xv es , et de deux x es . | [The grant made to the king of two fifteenths and two tenths]. |
| 9. Al honoure et reverence de Dieu, et pur les grauntz affiance et affeccione, et entier coer, qe voz poeveres communes de vostre roialme d'Engleterre ount a vous, nostre tressoverain et tresgracious seignur le roy, mesmes voz poevers communes, par assent des seignurs espirituelx et temporelx, assemblez a vostre parlement tenuz a Westm', le .xix. jour d'Octobre, l'an de vostre regne quart, grauntont a vous, nostre dit soverain seignur, pur defens de vostre roialme d'Engleterre, deux entiers quinzismes, et deux entiers dismes, pur estre levez des leyes gentz, < en manere > accustume: c'estassavoir, une entiere quinzisme, et une entiere disme, et une demy quinzisme, et une demy disme, pur estre levez des leyes gentz, et paiez a le feste de la Purificacione de Nostre Dame proschein avenir; et l'autre demy quinzisme, et demy disme qe remaynt, pur estre levez des leyes gentz, et paiez a le fest de Seint Martyn en yvere proschein apres le dite fest de la Purificacione de Nostre Dame. Sur condicione, qe nulle autre imposicione ne charge soit mys, ne levez de vostre commune d'Engleterre, en le mesme temps, et qe les ditz jours de paiementz, ne soient abrevez, ne chaungez en ascune manere. | 9. The grant made to the king of two fifteenths and two tenths. In honour and reverence for God, and from the great trust and affection and sincere regard which your poor commons of your realm of England have for you, our most sovereign and most gracious lord the king, your same poor commons, by the assent of the lords spiritual and temporal assembled at your parliament held at Westminster on 19 October in the fourth year of your reign, grant to you, our said sovereign lord, for the defence of your realm of England, two whole fifteenths and two whole tenths to be levied from the laity in the accustomed manner: that is, one whole fifteenth and one whole tenth, and one half fifteenth and one half tenth, to be levied from the laity and paid at the feast of the Purification of Our Lady next [2 February 1417]; and the other remaining half fifteenth and half tenth to be levied from the laity and paid at the feast of St Martin in the winter [11 November] following the said feast of the Purification of Our Lady. And this is to be done on the condition that no other tax or charge should be imposed on or levied from your commons of England in the meantime, and that the said days for payment are not brought forward or changed in any way. |
| [memb. 9] | |
| La seurete de la chevance affaire a roy. | [Security for the loan to be made to the king]. |
| 10. Fait a remembrer, qe desicome sur la moytee d'une disme et d'une quinzisme grauntez sur les laies en cest present parlement, a estre levez a le fest de Seint Martyn en yverne, qe serra l'an de grace mille .ccccxvij., il semble a nostre soverain seignur le roy, et as seignurs espirituelx et temporelx en cest present parlement, qe y faut avoir chevance devaunt le < dit > fest, au fyn qe par my la provisione de tiele chevance, le roy nostre soverain seignur puisse estre le mieulx, et pluis tost purveux, pur resister a la malice de ses enemys, et en conservacione de ses droitures, et la sauf garde de soun roiamme, il est ordeigne en ce mesme parlement, qe par auctoritee d'icelle, soit la dite demy disme, et demy xv me , de les lays, assignez a la repaiement de ceux qi sur ceo vuillent faire la chevance; et qe le chaunceller d'Engleterre, par le tresorer de mesme le roialme, certifiez de la chevance, qe ascunes chapitres des esglises cathedrales, ou collegiales, ou abbeies, ou priories, citees, ou burghs, ou autres singulers persones averont, ou avera < fait > , sur promesse d'en avoir repaiement de la suisdite demy disme et demy xv me , face faire a tieles chapitres, colleges, abbeies, priories, citees, et burghs, et a chescune autre singuler persone, de la somme dont ils averont, ou avera, ainsi fait la chevance, lettres patentes desoubz le grande seal du roy nostre soverain seignur, briefs, tailles, et autres garrantz suffisantz et busoignables, sanz riens paier pur ycelles, en due fourme, pur en avoir repaiement de mesmes les demy disme et demy xv me , solonc le purport d'icelles lettres patentes, briefs, tailles, ou autres garrantz; et qe pour nulle chose ou cause qe poet avenir, la levee de les ditz demy disme et demy xv me , ne soit retardee, ne delaiee, outre le suisdit fest de Seint Martyn, mes qe alors elle soit levez et paiez, a celux qe sur ceo averont fait la chevance, solom l'effect, et purport de les lettres patentes du roy nostre seignur briefs, tailles, ou autres garrantz suisditz, qe par manere come dessuis sur ceo serront faitz; et au fin qe l'effect de ceo present enact serra le pluis effectuelment execut sanz variance, toutz les seignurs espirituelx et temporelx esteantz presentes, des quelx les nons sont desoubz escriptz, sont asseurez en la presence du roy, qe unqes ils ne assenteront qe l'effect du dit enact serra anulle ne change, mes qe toutz ycelx qi averont fait chevance, sur les suisdites demy disme et demy xv me , enaveront repaiement, solom l'effect de les lettres patentes du roy, briefs, tailles, ou autres garrantz suisditz, qe sur ceo leur serront faitz; et par especial les tresnobles et puissantz princes, les ducs de Clarence, de Bedeford, et de Gloucestr', ount fait asseurance a nostre dit seignur le roy en cest present parlement, q'en cas qe mesme nostre seignur le roy aille de [p. iv-96][col. a] vie a trepassement deinz le suisdit temps, qe Dieux defende, les suisditz ducs ferront, et chescun de eux ferra, sa loial diligence et poiar, qe la suisdite moitee de x me et xv me serra leve en manere come desuis, et les avauntditz creditours ent repaiez; solonc l'effect et contenu de les enact, et lettres patentz suisditz. | 10. The security for the loan tobe made to the king. Be it remembered that - inasmuch as on the security of the half tenth and fifteenth granted on the laity in this present parliament, to be levied at the feast of St Martin in the winter which will be in the year of grace 1417, it seems to our sovereign lord the king and to the lords spiritual and temporal in this present parliament to be necessary to take out a loan before the said feast, so that, through the provision of such a loan, the king our sovereign lord can be the better and more swiftly provided with the means to resist the malice of his enemies, and for the preservation of his rights and the safekeeping of his realm - it is ordained in this same parliament that, by its authority, the said half tenth and half fifteenth from the laity should be assigned to the repayment of those who thereupon wish to advance the loan; and that the chancellor of England - when informed by the treasurer of the same realm about these loans which various chapters of cathedral or collegiate churches, or abbeys or priories, cities or boroughs or other individual persons shall make on the promise of being repaid from the said half tenth and half fifteenth - should cause letters patent under the great seal of the king our sovereign lord, and writs, tallies and other sufficient and necessary guarantees for the sum which they will have thus lent, to be issued in due form, without anything being paid for them, to those chapters, colleges, abbeys, priories, cities and boroughs, and to each other individual person, so that they may be repaid from the same half tenth and half fifteenth in accordance with the tenor of those letters patent, writs, tallies or other guarantees; and that for no reason or circumstance which may occur should the levy of the said half tenth and half fifteenth be postponed or delayed beyond the aforesaid feast of St Martin, but that at that time it should be levied and paid to those who have thereupon made the loan in accordance with the effect and tenor of the aforesaid letters patent of the king our lord, and the writs, tallies, or other guarantees which will be made on this matter in the manner specified above; and so that the intention of this present enactment might be more effectively enforced without any variation, all the lords spiritual and temporal who are present, whose names are listed below, guarantee in the presence of the king that they will never assent to the tenor of the said enactment being annulled or altered, but that all those who make a loan on the aforesaid half tenth and half fifteenth will be repaid in accordance with the effect of the aforesaid letters patent of the king, and the writs, tallies or other guarantees which will be made to them on this matter; and in particular the most noble and mighty princes, the dukes of Clarence, of Bedford and of Gloucester have given a guarantee to our said lord the king in this present parliament that in the case of our same lord the king [p. iv-96][col. a] dying within the aforesaid time, which God forbid, the aforesaid dukes, and each of them, will work hard and faithfully to the best of their ability so that the aforesaid half tenth and fifteenth may be levied in the manner described above, and the aforesaid creditors repaid from it; in accordance with the effect and content of the aforesaid enactment and letters patent. |
| La pardone grantee par le roi a present, et les prorogacione et declaracione de sa aunciene pardone. | [The present pardon granted by the king, and the extension and clarification of his former pardon]. |
| 12. Fait assavoir, qe nostre tressoverain seignur le roy, de sa grace especiale, granta en ceste present parlement, a la requeste de les communes esteantz en ycelle, sur une peticione par eux baillee a roy illoeqes, une certeine pardone, dont le tenure et la respons de mesme la peticione, en ceste rolle du parlement, entre les communes peticions sont dessoutz escriptz. Et outreceo, nostre dit soverain seignur, de sa grace especiale, granta de novelle, en ceste present parlement, a toutz ses lieges, toutz les articles de le pardone quelle il fist en soun parlement tenuz a Westm', l'an de soun regne seconde, de sa propre mocione et especiale grace; adurer mesme celle presente graunte et renovellement, tanqe a le feste de Seint Michelle proschein avenir, issint qe chescun de ses lieges eit le benefice de mesme le pardone, q'ent vorra suer sa chartre, solonc la fourme et effect de mesme l'aunciene pardone, affaire parentre cy, et le fest de Seint Michelle avauntdit, et nonpas autrement. Et quaunt al article contenu en mesme l'aunciene pardone, touchant l'offenses encountre l'estatuit des draps et liverees perpetretz, le roy nostre dit seignur tressoverain, del assent sibien des seignurs espirituelx et temporelx, come des communes assemblez en ceo mesme present parlement, ad grantee en ycelle, pardone de tout ceo q'est contenu en mesme l'article des draps et liverees, affaire dessoutz l'aunciene fourme et effect, a toutz ses lieges q'ent vorront suer lour chartres parentre cy, et le dit fest de Seint Michelle. Et outreceo, nostre soveraigne seignur declara en ceste present parlement, et granta, qe la dite aunciene pardone, qaunt a toutz les fines, redempciones, amerciaments, relieves, issues, [col. b] forfaitz, et peines, ou sommes pecuniers, faitz, accordez, ou adjuggez en ascune de ses courts, puis sa coronacione, de ou pur ascuns maners trespasses, eschapes des felons, maters, causes ou choses dedeinz mesme l'aunciene pardone especifiez, et devaunt sa coronacione sourdantz, eschuz, ou perpetretz, et les queux trespasses, eschapes, maters, causes, et choses, si tieux fines, redempciones, et peines, ou sommes pecuniers, ne ussent estee faitz, accordez, ne adjuggez, duissent avoir estee, par force et vertue de la dite aunciene pardone exteintz, pregne effect, et soit alloue a toutz les lieges du roy, aiantz et monstrantz chartres de mesme la pardone; ceo qe la nature de les trespasses, eschapes, choses, causes, et maters avauntditz, par fines, redempciones, et sommes, ou peines pecuniers, ensi faitz, accordez, et adjuggez soit change non obstante. | 12. The present pardon granted by the king, and the extension and clarification of his former pardon. Be it known that our most sovereign lord the king, of his special grace, granted in this present parliament, at the request of the commons assembled there, in answer to a petition delivered by them to the king there, a certain pardon, the tenor of which, with the response to the same petition, are copied below in this roll of parliament among the common petitions. And furthermore our said sovereign lord, of his special grace, granted again, in this present parliament, to all his lieges, all the articles of the pardon which he made in his parliament held at Westminster in the second year of his reign [1414], on his own initiative and of his special grace; and this same present grant and renewal are to last until the feast of Michaelmas next [29 September 1417], so that each of his lieges who wishes to sue his charter for it should have the benefit of the same pardon, in accordance with the form and effect of the same former pardon, between now and the aforesaid feast of Michaelmas, and not otherwise. And with regard to the article included in the same former pardon concerning offences committed against the statute of cloth and liveries, the king our said most sovereign lord, by the assent both of the lords spiritual and temporal and of the commons assembled in this same present parliament, has granted in it a pardon for everything that is included in the same article on cloth and liveries, to be drawn up according to the previous form and effect to all his lieges who wish to sue their charters for it between now and the said feast of Michaelmas. And furthermore, our sovereign lord explained in this present parliament and granted that the said former pardon should take effect, with regard to all the fines, redemptions, amercements, reliefs, issues, [col. b] forfeits and penalties, or sums of money awarded, agreed or adjudged in any of his courts after his coronation, for or concerning all manner of trespasses, escapes of felons, matters, causes or things specified in the same former pardon, and which occurred, happened or were committed before his coronation, and which trespasses, escapes, matters, causes and things (if such fines, redemptions and penalties, or sums of money, had not been awarded, agreed or adjudged) would by force and virtue of the said former pardon have been annulled: and this should be allowed to all the king's lieges who have and exhibit charters of the same pardon; notwithstanding the fact that the nature of the aforesaid trespasses, escapes, things, causes and matters awarded, agreed and adjudged in this way through fines, redemptions and sums or penalties in money may have changed. |
| La prefeccione de le duc de Excetre. | [The creation of the duke of Exeter]. |
| 13. Fait assavoir, qe mekerdy le .xviij. jour de Novembre, qe fuit le darrein jour de ceste parlement, le roy nostre tressoverain seignur, seant en parlement en sa see roiale, creast et prefist Thomas Beaufort, count de Dorsete, soun honurable uncle, en duc de Excetre, et < puis > fuit il commandee par le roy, de seier en le lieu ou seete en parlement a luy par le roy assignee, selonc soun estat; et ceo en presence des seignurs espirituelx et temporelx, et de les communes du roialme assemblez en ceo mesme present parlement. (fn. iv-94-48-1) | 13. The creation of the duke of Exeter. Be it known that on Wednesday 18 November, which was the last day of this parliament, the king our most sovereign lord, sitting in parliament on his throne, created and appointed Thomas Beaufort earl of Dorset, his honourable uncle, duke of Exeter; whereupon he was commanded by the king to sit in the place or seat in parliament assigned to him by the king, in accordance with his status; and this was done in the presence of the lords spiritual and temporal and of the commons of the realm assembled in this same present parliament. (fn. iv-94-48-1) |
| [memb. 8] | |
| La confirmacione des alliances parentre le roy et le roy des Romains prisez et accordez. | [Confirmation of the alliance made between the king and Sigismund, the king of the Romans]. |
| 14. Fait assavoir, qe sur certeins alliances, parentre nostre soverain seignur le roy, pur luy, ses heirs, et successours, rois d'Engleterre, d'une parte, et l'onurable prince Segismund le roy des Romains, pur luy et ses successours, rois des Romains, d'autre parte, nadgairs pris et accordez, solonc l'effecte et la fourme especifiez es lettres patentz nostre dit soverain seignur, ent faitz, et en ceste present parlement overtement monstrez et declarez, des queux lettres le tenure cy ensuit: | 14. The confirmation of the alliances made and agreed between the king and the king of the Romans. Be it known that with regard to certain alliances formerly made and agreed between our sovereign lord the king for himself, his heirs and successors, kings of England, on the one hand, and the honourable prince Sigismund, the king of the Romans, for himself and his successors, kings of the Romans, on the other hand, in accordance with the effect and the form specified in the letters patent of our said sovereign lord made on this, and openly exhibited and explained in this present parliament; the tenor of which letters follows here: - |
| Henricus, Dei gracia, rex Anglie, et Francie, et dominus Hibernie, in certitudinem presencium, et memoriam futurorum. Cum serenissimus princeps Sigismundus, Dei gracia, Romanorum rex semper augustus, ac Hungarie, Dalmacie, Croacie, etc. rex, frater noster precarissimus, ad perpetuam rei memoriam, debito caritatis, que non sua sunt, querit, summaque rei ecclesiastice, ac libertatis publice necessitate cogente, que sine universali periculo negligi non poterat, nec postponi, excitatus ab intimis, et studiose sollicitudinis instancia propulsatus, ut negocium unionis sancte matris et universalis ecclesie, prosperum, divina favente clemencia, sortiretur effectum, in quo tanto fuerat tempore et labore sudatum; et ut ipsius sacrosancte matris ecclesie illibata unitas reformaretur, nulla recidive tempestatis naufragia deinceps incursura, sed rediret ad ecclesiam ipsam sua consueta libertas, populus que Christianus, sub unico summo pontifice, in amplitudine gaudiorum respiraret; qui ex divisione ecclesie angustis molestiis, et molestis angustiis, diucius suspiravit. Et ne ecclesiastice pacis tranquillitas aliqua turbaretur tempestate bellorum, ad inquietudines et differencias, inter Anglie et Francie regna resurgentes, mitigandas, Karolum adversarium nostrum Francie multa diligencia pulsaverit, ut ad pacis solide reformacionem nobiscum ineunde, animam flecteret, vel saltem treugas iniret congruentes. Et post multa preambula, ad pacis tractatum faciencia, concepti, prelocuti, apunctuati fuere et concordati nonnulli articuli, concordiam probabiliter inducturi, et sub ipsius serenissimi principis, fratris nostri precarissimi, necnon illustris Gwilhelmi, ducis Bavarie, comitisque Hanonie, et Holandie etc., consanguinei, et fidelis, ac dilecti dicti serenissimi principis, fratris nostri precarissimi, signetis, eidem adversario nostro destinati; super quibus capta deliberacione, per sua scripta, idem adversarius [p. iv-97][col. a] noster dicto serenissimo principi, fratri nostro precarissimo, rescripsit, quod articulos ipsos matura consilii, tam sue regalis prosapie, quam aliorum de suo magno consilio, deliberacione prehabita, parte sui, prout in dicta cedula continebantur, adimpleri decrevit; sed facti experiencia aliud, terminis advenientibus, manifeste demonstravit: ymmo sumpta occasione, tanquam discordie amator et scismatis antiqui alumpnus, detractavit pacem acceptare, quam inquirere se asserebat, ut machinacione pestifera pacificum statum et coadunacionem ecclesiasticam disturbaret, sicut recolitur fuisse per ipsum adversarium nostrum, retroactis temporibus, scisma in ecclesia Dei factum et nutritum: sed et novissime, ipsum serenissimum principem, fratrem nostrum precarissimum, in multis, precipue perprimam in regno Aragonum, in unione ecclesie sancte Dei, deductis tractatibus, et parlamentis, per occultas suorum ambasiatorum practicas, ad disturbandam coadunacionem ecclesiasticam perperam attemptatas, facti experiencia docuit, et palpate veritatis evidencia instruxit. Quid plura? Idemipse adversarius noster, ac ceteri principes sue prosapie, ambicionis, et cupiditatis oculos, et manus rapaces in messem alienam mittentes, plurima bona, terras, ac jura, ad dictum serenissimum principem, fratrem nostrum precarissimum, et sacrum Romanum imperium, de jure pertinentes, et pertinencia, propria auctoritate pro dicto adversario nostro adudum usurparunt, et detinent temere occupata, nec illas et illa curaverunt hactenus a dicto serenissimo principe, fratre nostro precarissimo, et sacro imperio, prout merito debuissent et deberent, recognoscere: sed et nos, eidem serenissimo principi, fratri nostro precarissimo, vicibus frequentatis, dedimus intelligere, quod et nobis, in occupacione plurium jurium nostrorum, et terrarum occupacione violenta, multipliciter injuriati erant; sicut et dictum serenissimum principem, fratrem nostrum precarissimum, jam in pluribus desuper expertum, notorie docuit occulata certitudo. Et clare liquet cuilibet racionabiliter et recte consideranti, dum pacem expetitam per ipsum adversarium nostrum, pro qua inter ipsum et nos reformanda, labores a tanto tempore citra, videlicet, fere per decursum dimidii anni, pro parte sua invitatus et excitatus et < studia > adhibuit sollicitudine indefessa, sed minime proficere potuit, sed magis dilubria expertus, et delusiones, et idem serenissimus princeps Rex Sigismundus, frater noster precarissimus, volens contra talia machinamenta, quemadmodum et nos volumus potissimum, pro conservacione et reformacione pacis, et unionis ecclesie sancte Dei recuperacione, nichilominus jurium utriusque nostrum unita virtute, in nomine Domini excercituum, nos mutuo firmare, et in tempore, dolis fraudibus que < obviare > ; hiis et aliis consideracionibus moti, cum prefato serenissimo principe, et fratre nostro precarissimo, qui erga inclitissime memorie Henricum, nuper Anglie et Francie regem ac dominum Hibernie, metuendissimum dominum ac genitorem nostrum, singularissime dileccionis, et affeccionis votum, dum in humanis agebat, semper gessit, et simili nos affeccione prosequitur, adeo quod, non sine magnis sue celse persone laboribus, ab oriente in occidens, per longissima viarum spacia condescendens, nos et regnum nostrum Anglie personaliter visitavit, amicicias, alligancias, et confederaciones, bonas, firmas, reales, et perpetuas, promisimus, inivimus, et concordavimus, ac per presentes promittimus, inimus, et concordamus, qui eciam una nobiscum, promisit, iniit, et concordavit, in vim, formam, et effectum qui sequntur. | Henry, by the grace of God king of England and France and lord of Ireland, for the information of the people of the present, and the memory of those of the future. Since the most serene prince Sigismund, by the grace of God the ever august king of the Romans and king of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, etc., our most beloved brother, for the perpetual memory of the matter, spurred on by his deepest feelings, and driven forward by the pressure of his urgent concern to perform a work of love (which it is not incumbent upon him to do), and mindful of the importance of ecclesiastical matters and the need for public liberty (which cannot be neglected or postponed without universal danger), desires that the matter of the union of our holy mother the universal church should, with the help of divine mercy, reach a favourable conclusion (on which matter a great deal of time and effort has been expended), and that the unimpaired unity of the most holy mother church herself should be re-established, henceforth to undergo no shipwreck in any subsequent storm, but that her accustomed liberty should return to the church herself, and that the Christian people, who because of the division of the church have for a long time sighed under distressing grievances and grievous distresses, should, under one pope, breathe in an abundance of joys. And lest the tranquillity of the ecclesiastical peace should be disturbed by any storm of wars, in order to calm the disturbances and differences reappearing between the realms of France and England, he has urged Charles, our adversary of France, with great diligence, to bend his mind to the re-establishment of a genuine peace, which he would enter into with us, or at least to enter into a suitable truce. Whereupon, after many preambles designed to achieve a peace treaty, several articles likely to usher in peace were devised, discussed, agreed and settled, and, under the signets of the most serene prince, our most beloved brother, himself, and also of the noble William, duke of Bavaria and count of Hainault and Holland, etc., the faithful and beloved kinsman of the said most serene prince, our most beloved brother, were sent to our same adversary; who, when he had had deliberation on these, our same adversary [p. iv-97][col. a] wrote back in a letter to the said most serene prince, our most beloved brother, that, having had mature deliberation with the counsel both of his royal family and of others of his great council, for his part he decided to fulfil those articles, as they were set out in the said schedule; but when the stipulated period arrived, the experience of his deeds clearly showed something else: for instead, seizing the opportunity, like a lover of discord and a disciple of the ancient schism, he refused to accept the peace which he claimed to seek, in order to disturb the peaceful status and unity of the church by his noxious machinations, just as it is remembered that in times past the schism in the church of God had been brought into being and supported by our adversary himself: and, even more recently, the experience of his deeds, through the hidden practices of his ambassadors, attempting to disturb the defective unity of the church, taught, and the evidence of palpable truth instructed, the most serene prince, our most beloved brother, himself, in many discussions and parliaments which had been summoned, principally and especially in the realm of the Aragonese, for the union of the holy church of God. What more? Our very same adversary and the other princes of his family, casting the eyes of ambition and greed upon, and thrusting covetous hands into, another's harvest, have for some little time usurped many goods, lands and rights properly belonging to the said most serene prince, our most beloved brother, and to the holy Roman empire, on their own authority, for our said adversary, and they have boldly continued to occupy them; nor have they thus far troubled to acknowledge the lordship over them of the said most serene prince, our most beloved brother, and the holy empire, as they rightly should have done and should do: moreover, we have also many times given the same most serene prince, our most beloved brother, to understand that they have injured us too in many ways in the occupation of many of our rights and the violent occupation of our lands; exactly as the evidence of his own eyes notoriously also taught the said most serene prince, our most beloved brother, who had already, moreover, experienced this in many ways. And it is quite clear to anyone considering this rationally and rightly that while he, moved and encouraged on his own behalf, with tireless concern applied effort and care from a long time before - indeed, for the course of almost half a year - to recreate the peace aspired to by our adversary himself between him and us, he did not succeed in any way, but rather experienced snares and deceptions; and the same most serene prince King Sigismund, our most beloved brother, also wishes to act against such machinations, just as we also most greatly wish, for the preservation and restoration of peace and the recovery of the unity of God's holy church, and also uniting the strength of both our rights in the name of the Lord of hosts, that we should strengthen ourselves mutually, and in time should resist his deceits and schemes; wherefore, moved by these and other considerations, we have promised ourselves to, entered into and concluded, and through the present document we promise ourselves to enter into and conclude, good, firm, real and perpetual friendships, alliances, and treaties with the aforesaid most serene prince, and our most beloved brother, who always paid to Henry of most glorious memory, formerly king of England and France and lord of Ireland, our most dread lord and father, while he lived, the tribute of unparalleled love and affection, and who honours us with similar affection to such an extent that, not without great trouble to his lofty person, he has personally visited us and our realm of England, condescending to travel a very great distance from east to west, and he also together with us has promised himself to enter into, and has entered into and concluded, these alliances, in the manner, form and effect which follow. |
| In primis, quod nos Henricus, Dei gracia, rex Anglie et Francie, et dominus Hibernie antedictus, heredes nostri a nobis legitime procreandi et descendentes; et si heredum solacio et propagacione nos destitui, divino nutu, in quo vivimus, movemur, et sumus, orbari, ac decedere contingeret, per consequens eciam Thomas Clarencie, Johannes Bedeford, et Humfridus Gloucestr', duces, fratres nostri precarissimi, heredes ipsorum, directo que [col. b] et naturali ordine, et jure, sibi invicem succedentes, ymmo semine prosapie ipsorum, quod absit, prorsus deficiente, eciam successores ipsorum, in regno nostro Anglie, qui pro tempore fuerint, ac ipse serenissimus princeps, frater noster precarissimus, et successores sui, reges Romanorum, qui pro tempore fuerint, invicem boni, firmi, et stabiles imperpetuum erimus, et erunt, amici, alligati, et confederati, pro nobis, heredibus et successoribus nostris, regnis, terris, et dominiis, subditis, et vasallis nostris quibuscumque, contra omnes homines, cujuscumque gradus, status, dignitatis, aut condicionis existant, et contra omnes homines qui vivere aut mori possint, exceptis sacrosancta ecclesia Romana, et Romano pontifice qui pro tempore fuerit. | Firstly, that we, Henry, by the grace of God the aforesaid king of England and France and lord of Ireland, our heirs legitimately to be begotten of us and descending from us (and, if it should happen, by the divine will in which we live, move and have our being, that we should die bereaved and destitute of the comfort and descent of heirs, then consequently also the dukesThomas of Clarence, John of Bedford, and Humphrey of Gloucester, our most beloved brothers, and their heirs succeeding [col. b] one another in turn, in direct and natural order and right, and indeed if descendents of their line should fail utterly, which God forbid, also their successors in our realm of England at the time), and the most serene prince himself, our most beloved brother, and his successors, the kings of the Romans at the time, will to one another be good, firm and constant friends, allies and confederates forever, for us, our heirs and successors, our realms, lands and domains, and all our subjects and vassals, against all men, of any degree, status, dignity or condition, and against all men who may live and die, except the most holy Roman church and the Roman pope at the time. |
| Item, quod nullus nostrorum successorum, aut heredum nostrorum, in consilio erit, aut auxilio, quod aliquis nostrorum successorum, aut heredum nostrorum quorumcumque, dignitatis imperialis, seu regalis, corone, honoris, sive status, quicquam amittat, aut dampnum in persona, imperio, regnis, terris, rebus, aut dominiis, pati possit, vel injuriam; et si quod dampnum, prejudicium, vim, vel fraudem, alter alteri inferri, aut procurari viderit, aut concipere possit, ipsa et ipsorum quodlibet pro posse impediet, et si < hoc > impedire nequiverit, quamcicius poterit, alter alteri revelabit. | Also, that none of our successors or our heirs will contrive or give help towards any of our successors or heirs whatsoever which might result in them losing anything of imperial or royal dignity, or his crown, honour or status, or suffering any harm or injury in his person, empire, realms, lands, possessions or domains; and if one sees any damage, injury, force or deceit being brought to bear on the other, or if he sees that it is intended, or if he believes this, he should prevent these things and each of them as far as possible, and if it cannot be prevented, one should reveal it to the other as soon as possible. |
| Item, quod tam nos, quameciam heredes, et successores nostri predicti, commodum et honorem cujuscumque nostrum, imperii, regnorum, terrarum, et dominiorum nostrorum, cessantibus dolo et fraude quibuscumque, procurabimus, bona fide, et vasallos ac subditos nostros, presentes et futuros, procurare faciemus, pro locis et temporibus oportunis. | Also, that we ourselves and also our aforesaid heirs and successors will, abandoning all deceit and subterfuge, strive for the advantage and honour of each of us, of our empire, realms, lands and domains in good faith; and we will oblige our vassals and subjects, present and future, to strive for it, where and when it is suitable. |
| Item, quod neuter nostrum, nec aliquis successorum, vel heredum nostrorum predictorum, qui pro tempore fuerint, vasallos, aut subditos nostros, aut suos, per se, aut cum aliis, arma contra alium, successores, vel heredes nostros, aut suos, levare, aut guerram facere permittet; sed ipsos, si arma levaverint, aut levare vellent, seu guerram fecerint, aut facere vellent, impediet juxta vires; et in casu quo alter nostrum, aut aliquis successorum, vel heredum nostrorum predictorum, hoc facere non possit, hoc quilibet nostrum, successorum, et heredum nostrorum, alteri revelabit, et nostra et eorum communi potencia, et unitis viribus, talia attemptantes reprememus aut repremi faciemus. | Also, that neither of us, nor any of our aforesaid successors or heirs at the time, will permit our or his vassals or subjects, themselves or with others, to take up arms or make war against the other, or our or his successors or heirs; but, if they do take up arms, or intend to, or make war, or intend to, he will hinder them as far as he can; and in the case of either of us or any of our aforesaid successors or heirs not being able to do this, each of us, our successors and our heirs will reveal this to the other, and with our and their common strength and united forces we will put down those attempting such things, or cause them to be put down. |
| Item, quod nos reges antedicti, successores et heredes, subditi et vasalli nostri, ac successorum et heredum nostrorum, in et ad Romanum imperium, regna, terras, dominia, civitates, villas, opida, et castra, alterius nostrum, successorum, et heredum nostrorum, salvo, secure, libere, et absque impedimento quocumque, venire, per ea transire, et in eis expectare, et mercandisare, ac de eis exire, necnon et ad lares proprios redire possimus, et possint, tam per terram, quam per mare, et aquas, solvendo custumas, gabella, et deveria, pro tempore debita et consueta, observando semper leges, consuetudines regnorum, terrarum, et parcium, ad que nos aut ipsos applicare, aut in quibus conversari contigerit. | Also, that we, the aforesaid kings, our successors and our heirs, our subjects and our vassals, and those of our successors and heirs, should be able to come to and into the Roman empire, realms, lands, domains, cities, towns, municipalities and castles of either of us, our successors and our heirs, safely, securely, freely and without any impediment whatsoever, and travel through them, and remain and trade in them, and leave them and return to our own homes, either by land or over sea or water, paying the customs, tolls and duties customarily paid and due at the time, always observing the laws and customs of the realms, lands and regions in which we or they should happen to land, or in which we should happen to travel. |
| Item, quod nullus nostrum, successorum, vel heredum nostrorum quorumcumque, rebelles, bannitos, aut proditores alterius, infra imperium, regna, terras, et dominia alterius, scienter receptabit, aut ipsos receptari sinet, sed quamcicius de rebellione, banno, aut prodicione hujusmodi, alicui nostrum constare poterit, ab imperio, regnis, terris, et dominiis suis removebit; proviso semper quod mercatores quicumque, qui ad imperium, regna, terras, et dominia nostra, applicare voluerint, in mercandisando, liberi et quieti existant, prout in imperio, [p. iv-98][col. a] regnis, terris, et dominiis hujusmodi, hactenus fuerat consuetum. | Also, that none of us, nor any of our successors or heirs, will knowingly receive the rebels, banished persons or traitors of the one in the empire, realms, lands and domains of the other, or will allow them to be received; but as soon as any of us has certain knowledge of a rebellion, banishment or treason of this sort, he will remove the offender from his empire, realms, lands and domains; provided always that all merchants who wish to land in our empire, realms, lands and domains in order to trade should be able to do so freely and peaceably as was the custom until now in these empire, [p. iv-98][col. a] realms, landsand domains. |
| Item, quod nullus nostrum, heredum, aut successorum nostrorum predictorum, contra regem vel principem, regna, terras, aut dominia quecumque, que tempore presencium alliganciarum, cum altero nostrum in guerra non existant, guerram incipiet, absque alterius nostrum, heredum, vel successorum nostrorum quorumcumque, consilio, avisamento, et consensu, nisi forte in defensionem juris nostri, heredum, aut successorum nostrorum, aut ad propulsandas injurias eorum, qui aliquem nostrum, heredum, vel successorum nostrorum, imperium, regna, terras, aut dominia ipsorum, vel nostrorum, invadere, aut quicquam mali inferre, voluerint. | Also, that none of us, nor our aforesaid heirs or successors, will begin a war against any king or prince, realms, lands or domains whatsoever, which at the time of the present alliances are not at war with the other of us, without the counsel, advice and consent of the other of us, or any of our heirs or successors, unless it should be in defence of our right, or that of our heirs or successors, or to counter the injuries of those who wish to invade, or bring any evil to any of us, our heirs or successors, or their or our empire, realms, lands or domains. |
| Item, quod non obstantibus alliganciis predictis, bene liceat nobis, regi Anglie predicto, heredibus, et successoribus nostris, regibus Anglie, pro recuperacione et acquisicione regni nostri Francie, et aliorum hereditatum, et jurium nostrorum quorumcumque, cum appendenciis eorundem, contra adversarium nostrum de Francia, presentem vel futurum, et quoscumque alios, quociens et quando nobis, heredibus, aut successoribus nostris placuerit, arma levare, et quibuscumque contra dictum adversarium nostrum, presentem < vel > futurum, et quoscumque alios, aut suos, arma levantibus, succursum dare, ac per alias vias accomodas, pro premissis prosequi et procedere, prout nobis melius videbitur expedire; absque tamen prejudicio inferendo terris ad prefatum serenissimum principem Romanorum regem, et sacrum Romanum imperium spectantibus. Et consimiliter, bene liceat prefato serenissimo principi, fratri nostro precarissimo, et successoribus suis, pro terris, juribus, et possessionibus imperialibus recuperandis, quociens et quando sibi aut eis expedire videbitur, contra dictum adversarium nostrum, pro tempore existentem, et ceteros quoscumque principes, et magnates, de sanguine, domo, et familia regali Francie, presentes et futuros, arma levare, prosequi, et procedere, prout sibi aut eis melius videbitur expedire; absque tamen prejudicio inferendo terris, aut dominiis, ad nos, heredes, et successores nostros, reges Anglie, spectantibus. | Also, that notwithstanding the aforesaid alliances, it is fully permitted to us, the aforesaid king of England, and to our heirs and successors, kings of England, for the recovery and acquisition of our realm of France, and of all our other inheritances and rights, with their appurtenances, to take up arms against our adversary of France, present or future, and any others, when and as often as it pleases us, our heirs or our successors, and to give help to anyone who takes up arms against our said adversary, present or future, and any others, or any of his people, and to act and proceed against the aforesaid by any other suitable means, as seem to us to be most expedient; without however, inflicting damage upon the lands belonging to the aforesaid most serene prince, the king of the Romans, or to the holy Roman empire. And similarly, it is fully permitted to the aforesaid most serene prince, our most beloved brother, and to his successors, for the recovery of imperial lands, rights and possessions, to take up arms, act and proceed, when and as often as it seems expedient to him or to them, against our said adversary at the time, and any other princes and magnates of the blood, house and royal family of France, present and future; without however inflicting damage on the lands or domains belonging to us, our heirs or our successors, the kings of England. |
| Item, quod nos, heredes, et successores nostri, reges Anglie, prefato serenissimo principi, fratri nostro precarissimo, et successoribus suis, in recuperacione et acquisicione jurium, terrarum, et dominiorum, ad sacrum Romanum imperium pertinencium, et per dictum adversarium nostrum, necnon principes et magnates prelibatos, occupatorum vel detentorum, assistenciam, auxilium dabimus, et favores. Et consimiliter, viceversa, prefatus serenissimus princeps, frater noster precarissimus, et successores sui predicti, nobis, heredibus, et successoribus nostris, regibus Anglie, in recuperacione et acquisicione corone et regni nostrorum Francie, ac aliorum jurium, et hereditatum nostrorum, per predictum adversarium nostrum et suos occupatorum vel detentorum, assistet et assistent, ac dabit et dabunt, auxilium et favorem. | Also, that we, our heirs and our successors, kings of England, will give assistance, help and favour to the aforesaid most serene prince, our most beloved brother, and to his successors, in the recovery and acquisition of the rights, lands and domains belonging to the holy Roman empire and occupied or held by our said adversary, and also the aforementioned princes and magnates. And similarly, in turn, the aforesaid most serene prince, our most beloved brother, and his aforesaid successors, will assist and will give help and support to us, our heirs and successors, kings of England, in the recovery and acquisition of our crown and realm of France and of our other rights and inheritances occupied or held by our aforesaid adversary and his followers. |
| Item, in casum et eventum quo pax diu desiderata, inter duo regna Anglie et Francie, pro qua procuranda prefatus serenissimus frater noster precarissimus diligenciam adhibuit et labores, ad finem optatum perduci possit, et alique terre, aut dominia, per ipsam pacem, nobis restituta fuerint, et realiter liberata, prefatus serenissimus princeps, frater noster precarissimus, et successores sui predicti, in possessione et retencione dictorum jurium, terrarum, et dominiorum, nobis, heredibus, et successoribus nostris, regibus Anglie, assistet et assistent, ac dabit et dabunt, auxilium et favores; si vero ipsa pax hac vice stabiliri nequiverit, quod absit, aut aliquo casu interveniente, ex post facto rupta aut dissoluta extiterit, [col. b] predicte alligancie, quo ad acquisicionem [memb. 7] et recuperacionem corone et regni nostrorum Francie, ac aliorum jurium, et hereditatum nostrorum, firme et stabiles, in omnibus suis articulis, perseverent; et pari modo, si per aliquam concordiam, inter prefatum serenissimum principem, fratrem nostrum precarissimum, et dictos adversarium nostrum, [...] principes, et magnates domus Francie ineundam, aliqua jura, terre, aut dominia, ad dictum serenissimum principem, fratrem nostrum precarissimum, et prefatum Romanum imperium, de jure spectancia, eidem serenissimo principi, fratri nostro precarissimo, restituta fuerint, et realiter liberata: nos, heredes, et successores nostri, reges Anglie, in possessione et retencione ipsorum jurium et terrarum, sic ad ipsum serenissimum principem, fratrem nostrum precarissimum, et Romanum imperium, pertinencium, sibi et successoribus suis, Romanorum regibus, dabimus et dabunt, auxilium et favores. Et si aliquo casu emergente, ipsa concordia non facta, vel postea rupta vel dissoluta fuerit, prefate alligancie, quo ad recuperacionem jurium, terrarum, et dominiorum, ad dictum imperium pertinencium, et per eundem adversarium nostrum, principes, et magnates Francie, occupatorum vel detentorum, firme et stabiles, in singulis suis articulis, perseverent. Ita quod in singulis alliganciis, sive confederacionibus, inter nos, heredes, fratres, et successores nostros, reges Anglie, ex parte una, et personam seu personas, aliam vel alias, cujuscumque dignitatis, imperialis vel regalis, status, seu gradus, aut condicionis, existat vel existant, ex altera parte, decetero fiendis; prefatum serenissimum principem, fratrem nostrum precarissimum, et successores suos, reges Romanorum, nominatim, et in specie excipere teneamur, et heredes ac successores nostri quicumque, imperpetuum excipere teneantur; idemque serenissimus princeps, frater noster precarissimus, et successores sui, Romanorum reges, modo simili, nos, fratres, heredes, et successores nostros, reges Anglie, in suis alliganciis, amiciciis, et confederacionibus, inter eundem serenissimum principem, fratrem nostrum precarissimum, et successores suos, Romanorum reges, ex parte una, et personam seu personas, aliam vel alias, cujuscumque dignitatis, imperialis vel regalis, seu gradus, aut condicionis existat, vel existant, ex altera parte, decetero fiendis, nos, heredes, fratres, et successores nostros [sic] tenebuntur excipere viceversa. Ita quod, ammodo inantea nos, heredes que nostri, et consequenter fratres nostri prelibati, ipsorum que heredes, et tandem successores, ut prelibatur, cum prefato serenissimo principe, fratre nostro precarissimo, suisque successoribus, < Romanorum > regibus prenominatis, in sacro Romano imperio, et cum toto imperio intelligamur et simus; et vice reciproca, idem serenissimus princeps, frater noster precarissimus, et successores sui, Romanorum reges, cum toto imperio, ut prelibatur intelligantur et sint, semper et imperpetuum, mutua vicissitudine alligati et confederati, bonique, reales, et legales amici; et juxta contenta, et superius apunctuata capitula, seu articulos concordatos, adinvicem teneamur succurrere, et patrocinari, consiliis, auxiliis, et favoribus oportunis. Et si in uberiores [sic: read 'uberioris'] hujusmodi alliganciarum roboris fulcimentum, nos in parliamento nostro, alligancias ipsas, juxta vim, formam, et effectum earumdem, pro nobis, nostris que heredibus predictis, vita comite, postquam vero sicut Domino placuerit, nos que sine heredibus superstitibus de hoc mundo migraverimus, consequenterque [eque bene] et cum eisdem modis, formis, et efficacia, pro predictis Thoma, Johanne, et Humfrido, ducibus, fratribus nostris precarissimis, jure et ordine naturali directe et legitime, sibi invicem, succedentibus, ipsorum < que heredibus > , et tandem modo premisso, pro successoribus nostris in regno Anglie, ratificaverimus, confirmaverimus, et approbaverimus, et reales ac perpetuas fieri fecerimus, cum effectu; et taliter ratificatas, confirmatas, et approbatas, ac reales, et perpetuas effectas, prefato serenissimo principi [p. iv-99][col. a] et fratri nostro precarissimo, liberaverimus; et idem serenissimus princeps, frater noster precarissimus, per electores imperii, omnes et singulos easdem alligancias, pari forma ratificare, confirmare, et approbare, ac reales et perpetuas fieri procuraverit et fecerit cum effectu; et taliter ratificatas, confirmatas, et approbatas, ac reales et perpetuas effectas, nobis liberaverit; tunc presentes alligancie, in suo perpetuo robore permaneant, et effectu; alioquin nostra, et dicti serenissimi principis, fratris nostri precarissimi, vita durante dumtaxat, p ermaneant et subsistant: promittentes verbo regio, ymmo jurejurando ad sancta Dei evangelia, nostra manu dextera corporaliter tacta, nos propensius obligamus, et juramus, omnia et singula suprascripta, in suis clausulis, punctis, articulis, et sentenciis, cum modis, formis, modificacionibus, ut supra specificatis et expressatis, inconcusse < attendere > , firmiter tenere, et inviolabiliter observare. | Also, in the case and event that the long-desired peace between the two realms of England and France, to obtain which our aforesaid most serene and most beloved brother has dedicated effort and labour, can be brought to the desired end, and any lands or domains are restored to us and in practice delivered by the peace itself, the aforesaid most serene prince, our most beloved brother, and his aforesaid successors, will assist and give help and support to us, our heirs and our successors, kings of England, in the possession and retention of the said rights, lands and domains; if, however, this peace cannot be established on this occasion, which God forbid, or if some event occurs whereby, once made, it is broken or dissolved, [col. b] the aforesaid alliances, with regard to the acquisition [memb. 7] and recovery of our crown and realm of France and our other rights and inheritances should remain firm and constant in all their articles; and equally, if by some agreement to be entered into between the aforesaid most serene prince, our most beloved brother, and our said adversary and the princes and magnates of the house of France,any rights, lands or domains belonging by right to the said most serene prince, our most beloved brother, and the aforesaid Roman empire, are restored to the same most serene prince, our most beloved brother, and in practice delivered: we, our heirs and our successors, kings of England, will give help and support to him and to his succesors, kings of the Romans, in the possession and retention of the rights and lands themselves thereby belonging to the most serene prince, our most beloved brother, himself, and to the Roman empire. And if some event occurs whereby the agreement itself is not made, or if it is afterwards broken or dissolved, the aforesaid alliances, with regard to the recovery of the rights, lands and domains belonging to the said empire and occupied or held by our same adversary, the princes and the magnates of France, should remain firm and constant in all their articles. In such a way that in all the alliances or treaties henceforth to be made between us, our heirs, our brothers and our successors, kings of England, of the one party, and another person or persons of any dignity, imperial or regal, status, degree or condition whatsoever, of the other party, we should be bound to except, and all our heirs and successors should be bound to except forever, by name and specifically, the aforesaid most serene prince our most beloved brother, and his successors, kings of the Romans; and the same most serene prince, our most beloved brother, and his successors, kings of the Romans, in a similar way, in their alliances, friendships and treaties henceforth to be made between the same most serene prince our most beloved brother, and his successors, kings of the Romans, of the one party, and any person or persons of any dignity, royal or imperial, or degree or condition, of the other party, will in turn be bound to except us, our heirs, our brothers and our successors, kings of England. In such a way that henceforth, from now on, we and our heirs, and our aforementioned brothers and their heirs and eventual successors in succession, as has been said above, with the aforesaid most serene prince our most beloved brother and his successors, the aforementioned kings of the Romans, in the holy Roman empire, and with the whole empire - and in turn, the same most serene prince, our most beloved brother, and his successors, kings of the Romans, with all the empire, as has been said above - should be understood to be, and should be, always and forever, mutually allied and bound as good, real and lawful friends; and in accordance with the contents and points determined or articles agreed above, we should be bound to aid one another mutually, and to support one another with counsel, help and appropriate support. And when, in order to further strengthen these alliances, we in our parliament have ratified, confirmed and approved the alliances themselves and caused them to become real, perpetual, and effective in accordance with the force, form and effect of the same, for ourselves and our aforesaid heirs, during our life, and then, as indeed it may please God, if we leave this world without surviving heirs, this shall apply equally well, and in the same ways, forms and effectiveness, successively for the aforesaid dukes Thomas, John, and Humphrey, our most beloved brothers, succeeding one another in turn directly and legitimately in natural right and order, and their heirs, and finally, in the aforesaid manner, for our successors in the realm of England; and when they have been ratified, confirmed and approved in this way and made real and perpetual, and we shall have delivered them to the aforesaid most serene prince [p. iv-99][col. a] and our most beloved brother; and if the same most serene prince, our most beloved brother has arranged and caused all and each of the same alliances to be ratified, confirmed and approved in a similar way by the electors of the empire, and made real, perpetual and effective; and when he shall have delivered them to us, ratified, confirmed and approved in this way, and made real and perpetual; then the present alliances should remain in their perpetual force and effect: otherwise they should last and remain valid only during our lifetime and that of the said most serene prince, our most beloved brother; promising on the royal word, or rather swearing on God's holy gospels, physically touched with our right hand, that we very readily bind ourselves and swear resolutely to give heed to, firmly to keep and inviolably to observe all and each of the above in their clauses, points, articles and statements, with the means, forms and measures specified and listed above. |
| In quorum omnium testimonium, atque fidem, has presentes litteras nostras nostri magni sigilli munimine fecimus communiri. Date apud civitatem nostram Cantuar', anno gracie millesimo cccc o sextodecimo, quintodecimo die mensis Augusti, anno vero regni nostri quarto. | In testimony and faith of all which things we have caused these our present letters to be strengthened with the support of our great seal. Given at our city of Canterbury in the year of grace 1416, on 15 August in the fourth year of our reign. |
| Le roy nostre tressoverain seignur suisdit voillant, qe les ditz alliances duissent estre perpetuelx, eu sur toutz les choses contenuz en les ditz lettres due et solempne tractee en ceo mesme parlement, ovesqe trestoutz les ercevesqes, evesqes, ducs, counts, et barons, et toutz autres estats espirituelx et temporelx, et auxi les communes du roialme en mesme le parlement assemblez, les ditz alliances et confederacions, et toutz les choses avauntditz, en manere et fourme en les dites lettres patentz recitez, de lour commune assent et consent, en le dit parlement, et par l'auctorite dicelle, < qantqe > en nostre dit soverain seignur est, pur luy et ses heirs et successours avauntditz, ratifia, approva, et conferma; et de fait ratifie, approve, et conferme, par ycestes. | - The king our aforesaid most sovereign lord, wishing the said alliances to be perpetual, had on all the things contained in the said letters due and solemn discussion in this same parliament with all the archbishops, bishops, dukes, earls and barons, and all the other estates spiritual and temporal and also the commons of the realm assembled in the same parliament; and when the said alliances and treaties and all the aforesaid things had been read in the way and form in which they are contained in the said letters patent, by their common assent and consent, in the said parliament, and by its authority, insofar as it is in the power of our said sovereign lord, he ratified, approved and confirmed them for himself and his aforesaid heirs and successors; and they were indeed ratified, approved and confirmed by them. |
| Pur Robert Whityngton', et Guy soun fitz. | [Petition from Robert Whittington and Guy his son]. |
| 15. Item fait a remembrer, qe les communes assemblez en yceste parlement, baillerent a roy en mesme le parlement une supplicacione, a eux [depart] Robert Whityngton' esquier, et Guy soun fitz, direct; et prierent surceo les ditz communes a roy, qe les parties compleignantz en ycelle, fuissent remediez en le cas, par ordinance affaire en mesme le parlement; et de la quelle supplicacione le tenure cy ensuit: | 15. On behalf of Robert Whittington and Guy his son. Also, be it remembered that the commons assembled in this parliament delivered to the king in the same parliament a petition addressed to them on behalf of Robert Whittington, esquire, and Guy his son; and thereupon the said commons requested of the king that in this case a remedy should be provided for the parties who thus complained, by an ordinance to be made in the same parliament; the tenor of which petition follows here: |
| A les tressages communes en cest present parlement, supplient treshumblement, Robert Whityngton' esquier, et Guy soun fitz, qe come ils, le lundy proschein devaunt le fest de les apposteles Simone et Jude, [pendant cest] parlement, [en chivauchantz] de la citee de Hereford, ovesqe troys lour vadletz et deux pages, envers lour hostielle, furent maliciousement et sanz cause resonable, [en assaut] et agait purpense ove fort main pris a la ville de Mordeford en le counte de Hereford, par Philipe Lyngeyn', Johan Crew, Richard Loutley, Laurence Smyth', William Kervere, Wauter Bradford, Johan Bradford, et Wauter Walker, servantz de Richard Oldecastell' esquier, et par eux et autres malfesours disconuz jesqe a le noumbre de trent persons armez et arraiez a faire de guerre, d'illeoqes sodenement amesnez ove lour chivalx, et hernois, tanqe a un mountyn appelle Dynmorehille en mesme le counte, et illeoqes de lour chivalx et harnois despoillez, et d'illeoqes noetaundrent, la noet ensuyant, tanqe a un chapelle disconuz, par estimacione distaunt de le dit mounteyn par deux leges, a pee amesnez, et par tut mesme la noet en mesme la chapelle detenuz; ascun foitz, manassez d'estre tuez; a la foitz, manassez d'estre amesnez en Gales, par les meffesours avauntditz, < et > autres gentz disconuz, de lour assent la adherentz, et issint la durement emprisone, et detenuz en graunde dispoir de lour vies; et le marsdy lendemayn ensuant, ils lesserount le dit [col. b] Guy, sur soun seurment, d'aler en lour message,luy chargeauntz de revenir a eux areremain, et issint fist la noet ensuant, et en le mesne temps eux amesnerount le dit Robert de bois en bois, par diverses bois disconuz, tanqe a un auncien molyn en mesme le countee, et la lez < ditz > Robert et Guy adonqes en mesme le molyn emprisonerount, par tut la seconde noet, et manasserount d'estre amesnez en Gales, si issint soit q'ils ne voillent faire sufficeantz gentz de dit counte, d'estre obligez a lez ditz malfesours suisnomez, ou a autres a lour denominacione, en siz centz liverez, qe les ditz Robert et Guy, quaunt ils viendrount en lour pais a large, relesserount a les ditz malfeisours, toutz maners accions qeux ils purrent avoir devers eux; < et > surceo, lesserount le dit Guy d'aler parquerer les persons qeux serroient issint obligez, et detiendroient le dit Robert pur mesme le suerte; et puis apres, c'estassavoir le joefdy proschein apres le dit fest des apposteles Simone et Jude, Johan Broun gentilman, Johan Paunton' gentilman, de mesme le counte, et Johan Riche gentilman del counte de Glouc', chescun de eux par soun escript obligatorie, severalment fuist oblige a un Wauter Hakeluyt esquier, del dit counte de Hereford', par denominacione de les ditz malfeisours, en cent et unsze liverez; sur condicione, qe si le dit Robert Whityngton' ensealleroit al avauntdit Philipe Lyngeyn' et ses compaignones, et a Richard Oldecastell', et Wauter Hakeluyt esquiers, deux acquitauncez et relessez generalx, de toutz maners accions personels, del comencement de mounde, tanqe al fest de Toutz Seintz adonqes proschein avenir, qe adonqes lez ditz escriptz obliger soient de nulle force; autrement q'ils estoisent en lour force et vertu; a cause de quoy, le dit Robert Whityngton' ad enseale deux relessez en le forme avauntdit, a tresgrevous et tresdolorous peynez, et tressovent doute de morte de les suppliauntz avauntditz. | To the most wise commons in this present parliament, Robert Whittington, esquire, and Guy his son request most humbly that whereas they, on the Monday immediately before the feast of the apostles Simon and Jude [26 October], during this parliament, while riding from the city of Hereford towards their home with three valets of theirs and two pages, were maliciously and without reasonable cause taken forcibly after an assault and an ambush at the town of Mordiford in the county of Herefordshire by Philip Lyngeyn, John Crew, Richard Loutley, Laurence Smyth, William Kervere, Walter Bradford, John Bradford and Walter Walker, servants of Richard Oldcastle esquire, and by them and other unknown malefactors up to the number of thirty persons, armed and arrayed for war, taken immediately from there with their horses and equipment to a mountain called Dinmore Hill in the same county, where their horses and equipment were taken from them; and from there they were taken on foot by night, the following night, to an unknown chapel, which they estimated to be two leagues from the said mountain, and for the whole of the same night held in the same chapel, at times threatened with death by the aforesaid malefactors and other unknown people, their adherents and associates, and at times threatened with being taken to Wales; and thus they were harshly imprisoned there and held in great despair of their lives; and on the following Tuesday they allowed the said [col. b] Guy, on his oath, to go with their message, commanding him to return to them again, which he did the next night; and in the meantime they took the said Robert from wood to wood, through various unknown woods, as far as an old mill in the same county, and there they then imprisoned the said Robert and Guy in the same mill for the whole second night, and they threatened them with being taken to Wales if they refused to force sufficient people of the said county to pledge themselves to the said malefactors named above, or others named by them, for the sum of £600, that the said Robert and Guy, when they came to their country in freedom, would release to the said malefactors all manner of actions which they could have against them; whereupon they allowed the said Guy to go to look for people who might be pledged in this way, and they kept the said Robert as hostage for the same security; and then afterwards, that is on the Thursday following the said feast of the apostles Simon and Jude [29 October], John Brown gentleman, John Paunton gentleman, of the same county, and John Rich gentleman of the county of Gloucester, each of them by his letters obligatory, were individually pledged to one Walter Hakeluyt esquire of the said county of Herefordshire, named by the said malefactors, for £111; on condition that if the said Robert Whittington would seal to the aforesaid Philip Lyngeyn and his companions, and to Richard Oldcastle and Walter Hakeluyt esquires, two general acquittances and releases of all manner of personal actions from the beginning of the world until the feast of All Saints following [1 November], then the said letters obligatory would be annulled; but otherwise they would remain in force and effect; because of which the said Robert Whittington has sealed two releases in the aforesaid form, to his most grievous and most terrible harm, because of the very frequent fear of death of the aforesaid supplicants. |
| Qe please a voz tressagez discressions, de considerer lez orriblez faitz et tortz avauntditz, et prier a nostre tressoverain seignur le roy, qe luy please, del assent des seignurs espirituelx et temporelx en cest present parlement, ordiner et establier, par autorite de le dit parlement, qe sibien lez ditz acquitaunces et relesses par le dit Robert Whityngton' faitz, come autre qeconqe acquitaunce, relesse, obligacione, ou autre qeconqe fait, par ascun liege de roy, en cas semblable, affaire en temps avenir, soient, et soit de nul force et vertue, mez de tut voide en ley. Et outre, qe suffisaunt remedie soit ordine par mesme l'autorite, sibien pur les ditz suppliantz, et chescun de eux, en cest cas, come pur toutz autres qeux serront grevez en cas semblable de temps avenir; pur Dieux et en oevere de charitee. | May it please your most wise discretions to consider the aforesaid horrible deeds and wrongs, and to request our most sovereign lord the king that it might please him, by the assent of the lords spiritual and temporal in this present parliament, to ordain and establish, by authority of the said parliament, that both the said acquittances and releases made by the said Robert Whittington, and any other acquittance, release, obligation or any other deed to be made in future in a similar case by any liege of the king's, should be of no force and effect, but entirely void in law. And furthermore that sufficient remedy should be ordained by the same authority for the said supplicants, and for each of them, in this case, and for all others who will be injured in similar cases in future; for God and by way of charity. |
| La quelle supplicacione, leeu en le dit parlement, et bien entendue, fuit mesme la supplicacione par le roy, del assent des seignurs espirituelx et temporelx en ycelle esteantz, et a la priere de les ditz communes, respondu en le manere ensuant: | When this petition had been read in the said parliament and fully heard, reply was made to the same petition by the king, by the assent of the lords spiritual and temporal present there and at the request of the said commons, in the following manner: |
| Soient les parties nomez en la peticione, et les autres malfesours qe serront declarez par les dites parties, par auctorite de ceste parlement, amesnez devaunt le counseil nostre seignur le roy, ovesqe les escriptz et evidences especifiez en ycelle, par tiel proces, come as seignurs de mesme le counseille, pur le temps esteantz, par advis des juges du roy, semblera multz expedient. Et qe mesmes les seignurs eient, par l'auctorite suisdite, plein poair d'oier et terminer, par advis de tieux juges, toutz les maters contenuz en la dite peticione, et les circumstances d'icelles, et ent faire tiele agarde et execucione, come par le dit advis eux multz semblera en le cas, et ceo par l'auctorite avauntdite. Et en cas qe les parties, et malfesours suisditz, ne veignent a jour a eux assigne celle partie, q'adonqes soit brief faithors de la chauncellerie, adrescer al viscount del counte ou la dite trespas est suppose estre fait, retournable devaunt le dit counseille, a certein jour alimiter par discrecione des ditz seignurs, pur faire proclamacione en mesme le counte, q'ils veignent devaunt le counseil le roy, [p. iv-100][col. a] pur y respoundre a les ditz materes. Et s'ils veignent a mesme le jour, alors les ditz seignurs du conseil facent et procedent en la matere, come desuis est dit. Et s'ils ne veignent my a dit jour, et proclamacione ent soit tesmoigne, q'adonqes soient ils tenuz convictz de les matiers comprisez en la peticione suisdite. Et qe mesmes les seignurs du conseil eient poair, par auctorite du dit parlement, d'agarder damages, par lour discreciones, a chescun des ditz pleintifs celle partie; et qe les ditz malfesours soient commys a prisone, illeoqes ademurer, tanqe ils eient fait fyn et ranceone a roy, pur les trespasses et offenses suisditz; et q'adonqes toutz les escriptz et evidences suisditz soient en tout voidez, adnullez, et de nulle force pur toutz jours. | Let the parties named in the petition and the other malefactors who may be identified by the said parties, by authority of this parliament, be brought before the council of our lord the king, together with the deeds and documents specified in it, by such process as seems most expedient to the lords of the same council at the time, with the advice of the king's judges. And the same lords should have, by the aforesaid authority, full power to hear and determine, on the advice of these judges, all the matters mentioned in the said petition and their adjuncts, and on them to make such judgment and execution as, with the said advice, will seem best to them in the case; and this should be done by the aforesaid authority. And in the case of the aforesaid parties and malefactors not coming on the day assigned to them on that matter, then a writ ahould be issued from chancery, to be addressed to the sheriff of the county where the said trespass is alleged to have taken place, to be returned before the said council on a certain day to be specified by the discretion of the said lords, to have proclamation made in the same county that they should come before the king's council [p. iv-100][col. a] to reply there to the said matters. And if they come on the same day, then the said lords of the council should act and proceed in the matter as has been said above. And if they do not come on the said day, and the proclamation on these matters is attested, then they should be considered to be convicted of the matters specified in the aforesaid petition. And the same lords of the council should have the power, by authority of the said parliament, to award damages at their discretion to each of the said plaintiffs on this matter; and the said malefactors should be sent to prison, to remain there until they have paid a fine and redemption to the king for the aforesaid trespasses and offences; and then all the aforesaid deeds and documents should be completely anulled, void, and of no effect forever. |
| [memb. 6] | |
| Pur Johan de Holand count de Huntyngdon. | [Petition from John Holand, earl of Huntingdon, for restitution of his inheritance]. |
| 16. Fait a remembrer, qe Johan de Holand, fitz a Johan de Holand nadgairs count de Huntyngdon', bailla a roy nostre tressoverain seignur en ceste parlement une supplicacione, dont le tenure cy ensuit: | 16. On behalf of John Holand, earl of Huntingdon. Be it remembered that John Holand, son of John Holand, formerly earl of Huntingdon, delivered to the king our most sovereign lord in this parliament a petition, of which the tenor follows here: |
| A nostre tresexcellent, tresgracious, et tressoverein seignur le roy, supplie vostre humble liege et nurry Johan de Holand, fitz a Johan de Holand nadgairs count de Huntyngdon', qe Dieu assoile, qe come l'avauntdit nadgairs count et Elizabethe sa femme, avoient issue entre eux, Richard l'eisne ore mort saunz issue de son courps, et le dit Johan ore suppliant le puisne, loialment engendrez. Et qe comme toutz les chastelx, honoures, manoirs, terres, tenementz, rentes, services, et reversiones, offices, fees des chivalers, wardes, mariages, releves, et eschetes, advoesones dez abbeyes, priories, hospitales, chantaries, et chapelles, et autres advoesones d'esglises qeconqes, chaces, parkes, wareines, piscaries, feires, merches, franchises, libertees, custumes, moleines, passages, veries, bois, mores, maresces, prees, et pastures, fee fermes, hundredes, wapentakes, vieus de frank plegges, wrekkes de meer, profitz, issues, revenues, et toutz autres possessiones et enheritementes quelconqes, ove lour appurtenances quelconqes, < queux le dit nadgairs > cont avoit et tenoit, le quinte jour de Janver, en la veille del fest de la Tiffanie nostre seignur Ihesu Crist, l'an de regne de vostre tresnoble pier, qe Dieu assoille, primer, et les quelles, adonqes ou unqes apres, furent seisez en sez maines, a cause de la forfaiture de dit nadgairs count, et par force d'un juggement rendue en son parlement tenuz a Westm', al oeptaves de Seint Hillarii, l'an de soun regne secund, a cause de dit forfaiture, ou pur ascun autre cause, et les queux par sire Richard nadgairs roy d'Engleterre le secund puis le conquest, vostre predecessour, qe Dieu assoile, ou par ascun de voz predecessours, roys d'Engleterre, ou par ascuns autres persones ou persone, as ditz nadgairs count et Elizabethe sa femme, ou ascun de eux, ou ascuny dez auncestres de dit nadgairs count, ascunement furent donez, et grantez, en le taille. | To our most excellent, most gracious and most sovereign lord the king, your humble liege and foster-son John Holand, son of John Holand formerly earl of Huntingdon, whom God absolve, requests that whereas the aforesaid former earl and Elizabeth his wife had issue legitimately engendered between them, namely Richard, the eldest, now dead without issue of his body, and the said John, the present supplicant, the younger. And whereas all the castles, honours, manors, lands, tenements, rents, services and reversions, offices, fees of knights, wardships, marriages, reliefs and esheats, advowsons of abbeys, priories, hospitals, chantries and chapels, and all other advowsons of churches, chases, parks, warrens, fisheries, fairs, markets, franchises, liberties, customs, mills, passages, ferries, woods, moors, marshes, meadows and pastures, fee-farms, hundreds, wapentakes, views of frankpledge, shipwrecks, profits, issues, revenues and all other possessions and inheritances whatsoever, with all their appurtenances, which the said former earl had and held on 5 January, the eve of the feast of the Epiphany of our lord Jesus Christ, in the first year of the reign of your most noble father [1400], whom God absolve, and which then, or at any time afterwards, were seized into his hands because of the forfeiture of the said former earl, and by virtue of a judgment given in his parliament held at Westminster on the octave of St Hilary in the second year of his reign [20 January 1401], because of the said forfeiture, or for any other reason, were variously given or granted in tail to the said former earl and Elizabeth his wife, or to either of them, or to any of the forebears of the said former earl, by lord Richard, formerly king of England, the second since the conquest, your predecessor, whom God absolve, or by any of your predecessors, kings of England, or by any other persons or person. |
| Please a vostre mageste roiale, de vostre grace especiale grauntier en cest present parlement, par auctoritee d'ycelle, a dit suppliant, d'estre able, abletz, et restore, a lez noun de count de Huntyngdon', fame, honour, et dignitee de son dit pere, saunz corupcione de sang; sibien d'estre fitz et heir lineal a dit nadgairs count son pere, et auxi frere et heir al dit Richard son frere, a lez chastelx, honours, manoirs, terres, tenementz, rentes, services, et reversiones, offices, fees des chivalers, wardes, mariages, releves, et eschetes, advoesones des abbeyes, priories, hospitales, chantaries, et chapelles, et autres advoesones d'esglises qeconqes, chaces, parkes, wareines, piscaries, feires, merches, franchises, libertees, custumes, moleines, passages, veries, boys, mores, maresces, prees, et pastures, fee fermes, hundredes, wapentakes, vieus de frank plegges, wrekkes de meer, profitz, issues, revenues, et toutz autres possessiones et enheritementes quelconqes, ove lour appurtenances quelconqes, come d'estre able, et abletz, [col. b] pur estre heir et enheritable, a dit nadgairs count son pere, et a dit Richard soun frere, et a chescun dez auncestres du dit suppliant, en toutz choses, et par toutz choses, auxi pleinement et entierment, sicome nulle forfaiture par le dit nadgairs count ust estee faite, ne juggement sur la dite forfaiture done envers mesme le nadgairs count son pere. Et qe le dit suppliant poet entrere et seiser toutz les ditz chastelx, honoures, manoirs, terres, tenementz, rentes, services, et reversiones, offices, fees des chivalers, wardes, mariages, releves, et eschetes, advoesones des abbeyes, priories, hospitales, chantaries, et chapelles, et autres advoesones d'esglises qeconqes, chaces, parkes, wareines, piscaries, feires, merches, franchises, libertees, custumes, moleines, passages, veries, boys, mores, maresces, prees, et pastures, fee fermes, hundredes, wapentakes, vieus de frank plegges, wrekkes de meer, profitz, issues, revenues, et toutz autres possessiones et enheritementes quelconqes, ove lour appurtenances quelconqes, forspris toutz lez chastelx, manoirs, terres, tenementz, rentes, services, et reversiones, ove lour appurtenances quelconqes, queux la dite Elizabethe tient pur terme de sa vie, de duche de Cornewaille, et forspris lez chastel et manoir de Manerbier et Pennaly en le countee de Penbr', le manoir de Ardyngton' et Filbertescourt en le countee de Berks', le manoir de Bereford en le countee de Wiltes', et le manoir de Flete Amarle en le countee de Devon', ove lez appurtenances qeconqes as mesmes lez chastel et manoirs regardantz, queux la dite Elizabethe tient pur terme de sa vie, de sa jointure, come ele dist, quant le dit suppliant viendra a sa pleine age, c'estassavoir xxix me jour de Marcz proschein avenir, come appiert pluis au plein, par un office troeve devant Robert Cary alors eschetour del countee de Devon', par vertue d'un brief de diem clausit extremum, a luy ent direct, et en vostre chancellarie retorne, saunz proever de sa age, ou ascun autre manere processe, ou suyte, en ycelle partie affaire par la leye; la seisine ent en lez maines de vostre dit pere, ou en voz maines propres, pur cause del forfaiture et juggement, ou pur ascun autre cause, ou corupcione de sang suisditz, ou ascun graunte ou doune par vostre dit pere, ou par vous ent faitz, nient contresteantz: purveu toutfoitz, qe la dite Elizabethe eit ent sa resonable dower; purveu auxi, qe le dit suppliant par iceste present bille ou peticione, ou par ascune chose contenuz en ycelle, ne soit mye, en temps avenir, forbarre ne forclose, de ascune manere accione, ou suyte, ou ascun manere benefice, qe il poet, en temps avenir purra avoir par la commune leye d'Engleterre, en oevre de charitee. | May it please your royal majesty, of your special grace, to grant in this present parliament, by its authority, to the said supplicant that he may be able, enabled and restored to the name of earl of Huntingdon, to the renown, honour and dignity of his said father, without corruption of the blood; both to be the son and lineal heir to the said former earl his father, and also to be brother and heir to the said Richard his brother, in respect of the castles, honours, manors, lands, tenements, rents, services and reversions, offices, fees of knights, wardships, marriages, reliefs and escheats, advowsons of abbeys, priories, hospitals, chantries and chapels, and all other advowsons of churches, chases, parks, warrens, fisheries, fairs, markets, franchises, liberties, customs, mills, passages, ferries, woods, moors, marshes, meadows and pastures, fee-farms, hundreds, wapentakes, views of frankpledge, shipwrecks, profits, issues, revenues and all other possessions and inheritances whatsoever, with all their appurtenances; and to be able and enabled [col. b] to be heir to and with right of inheritance from the said former earl his father and to the said Richard his brother, and to each of the forebears of the said supplicant, in all things and through all things, as fully and wholly as if no forfeiture of the said former earl had taken place, nor any judgment been given on the said forfeiture against the said former earl his father. And that the said supplicant may enter into and hold all the said castles, honours, manors, lands, tenements, rents, services and reversions, offices, fees of knights, wardships, marriages, reliefs and escheats, advowsons of abbeys, priories, hospitals, chantries and chapels, and all other advowsons of churches, chases, parks, warrens, fisheries, fairs, markets, franchises, liberties, customs, mills, passages, ferries, woods, moors, marshes, meadows and pastures, fee-farms, hundreds, wapentakes, views of frankpledge, shipwrecks, profits, issues, revenues and all other possessions and inheritances whatsoever, with all their appurtenences (except for all the castles, manors, lands, tenements, rents, services and reversions, with all their appurtenances, which the said Elizabeth holds for the term of her life of the duchy of Cornwall, and except for the castle and manor of Manorbier and Penally in the county of Pembroke, the manor of Ardington and Filbertscourt in the county of Berkshire, the manor of Barford in the county of Wiltshire, and the manor of Fleet Amarle in the county of Devon, with all appurtenances belonging to the same castle and manors, which the said Elizabeth holds for the term of her life from her jointure, as she says); these to be held from the time when the said supplicant comes of age, that is on 29 March next - as appears more fully from an office held before Robert Cary, then escheator of the county of Devon, by virtue of a writ of diem clausit extremum sent to him on this matter and returned to your chancery - without proving his age or having to bring any other kind of process or suit through the law on that matter; notwithstanding the seizure of them into the hands of your father, or into your own hands, because of that forfeiture and judgment, or for any other aforesaid reason, or the aforesaid corruption of blood, or any gift or grant of them made by your said father or by you; provided always that the said Elizabeth should have her reasonable dower from them; and provided also that the said supplicant is not in future barred or foreclosed by this present bill or petition, or by anything contained in it, from any kind of action or suit or any kind of advantage which he can have, or will in future be able to have, by the common law of England; by way of charity. |
| La quele supplicacione, overtement leeu, et entendu en le dit parlement, fuit ycelle supplicacione par le roi nostre dit soverain seignur, del assent sibien des seignurs espirituelx et temporelx, come de les communes assemblez en mesme le parlement, respondu en le manere ensuant: | When this petition had been publicly read and heard in the said parliament, reply was made to that petition by the king our said sovereign lord, by the assent both of the lords spiritual and temporal and of the commons assembled in the same parliament, in the following manner: |
| Soit le suppliant hablie, come est desire par la peticione, par l'auctorite de ceste parlement. Et qant as terres et tenementz taillez, des queux mesme la peticione fait mencione, le roy voet, qe le dit suppliant de toutz ceux terres et tenementz, queux il purra monstrer en la chauncellerie du roy estre taillez du record, ou par autres evidencs creables du taille, et queux sont es mains du roy ou de ses fermers, et dont soun piere fuist seisi, a temps de sa moriant, eit brief du liveree en la chauncellerie suisdite, le .xxix. jour de Marcz proschein avenir, solonc la discrecione du chaunceller d'Engleterre, pur le temps esteant, par l'auctorite suisdite; forprises les forprises en la dite peticione contenuz. Et qant a les autres terres et tenementz taillez, queux sont es autres mayns qe du roy, q'il eit briefs de scire facias devers les terretenauntz d'icelles, amonstrer pur quoy il n'avera liveree de mesmes les terres et tenementz: salvant toutditz [p. iv-101][col. a] a roy, le forfaiture de toutz les terres et tenementz, queux le piere le dit suppliant avoit en fee simple. Et salvez auxi a roy et a ses heirs, toutz les chasteux, honures, manoirs, terres, tenementz, rentes, services, et reversions, offices, fees de chivalers, gardes, mariages, relieves, et eschetes, advoesones des abbeies, priories, hospitalx, chanteries, chapels, et d'autres benefices de seinte esglise qeconqes, chaces, parkes, gareins, piscaries, feires, merches, franchises, libertees, custumes, molins, passages, feries, bois, mores, mareis, prees, et pastures, fefermes, hundredes, wapentakes, vieux de frank plegge, wrekkes de meer, profitz, issues, revenuz, et toutz autres choses, possessions, et droitures, ove lour appurtenances, queux sont, ou furent parcelle de le duche de Cornewaill', ou annexez a mesme le duchee, a ascun temps devaunt ces heures. | Let the supplicant be enabled as the petition desires, by the authority of this parliament. And as to theentailed lands and tenements which the same petition mentions, the king wishes that the said supplicant should have a writ of livery in the king's chancery on 29 March next, at the discretion of the chancellor of England at the time, by the aforesaid authority, concerning all those lands and tenements which he can demonstrate in the aforesaid chancery to have been entailed as a matter of record, or for which he has other trustworthy documents proving the entail, and which are in the hands of the king or of his farmers, and of which his father was seised at the time of his death; except for the exceptions specified in the said petition. And as to the other entailed lands and tenements, those which are in other hands than those of the king, let him have writs of scire facias against their land-tenants to show why he should not have livery of the same lands and tenements; saving always [p. iv-101][col. a] to the king the forfeiture of all the lands and tenements which the father of the said supplicant had in fee simple. And saving also to the king and to his heirs all the castles, honours, manors, lands, tenements, rents, services and reversions, offices, knights' fees, wardships, marriages, reliefs and escheats, advowsons of abbeys, priories, hospitals, chantries, chapels, and of all other benefices of holy church, chases, parks, warrens, fisheries, fairs, markets, franchises, liberties, customs, mills, passages, ferries, woods, moors, marshes, meadows and pastures, fee-farms, hundreds, wapentakes, views of frankpledge, shipwrecks, profits, issues, revenues and all other things, possessions, and rights, with their appurtenances, which are or were part of the duchy of Cornwall, or attached to the same duchy, at any time previously. |
| [memb. 5] | |
| Pur Johan Aleyn et autres. | [Petition from John Allen and others]. |
| 17. Item les ditz communes baillerent a roy en le dit parlement une autre supplicacione, a eux depart Johan Aleyn, Johan Coventre, et autres, direct; et prierent a roy, qe les persones compleignantz en mesme la peticione, furent remediez de la matere contenu en ycelle, et de la quelle supplicacione le tenure cy ensuit: | 17. On behalf of John Allen and others. Also, the said commons delivered to the king in the said parliament another petition addressed to them on behalf of John Allen, John Coventry and others; and they requested of the king that remedy should be given to the persons who complained in the same petition with regard to the matter contained in it; and the tenor of this petition follows here: |
| As treshonurables et tressages communes de ceste present parlement, supplient Johan Aleyn, Johan Coventre, Everard Flete, Johan Abbot, William Trymnell', William Beverage, Aleyn Forman, Thomas Broun', Thomas Burbage, Esmond Thorp', Richard Flete, Philipe Albert, et Johan Victory, qe come ils ount severalment porte et delivere devaunt ces hoeures, a la tour de Loundres, a Richard Garner' nadgairs maister del mestier de moneye en le dit tour de Loundres, diverses sommes d'ore et argent de veille moneye, amountantz en tout a la somme de cynk centz quatrevyntz et cynk livres, dys oept souldz, et quatre deniers, de moneye ore apresent esteant, pur estre coignez illeoqes de novelle, accordant a l'estatut et ordinance de coigne, et de poys de moneye d'Engleterre ore tarde fait; et del resceyt del dit moneye, les ditz suppliantz ount severals billes enseales ove le sealle de dit Richard, ou de Henry Whitbred, nadgairs soune depute, tesmoignauntz les resceytes avauntditz; de queux sommes les ditz suppliantz ne puissent avoir deliverance, par cause qe toutz les biens et chateux de dit Richard Garner, et tout le moneye en la possessione de dit Richard Garner, et de sez deputez, a lors esteauauntz [sic: read 'esteauntz'] , furent pris et seises en le main le roy, par le counte d'Arondell' qi mort est, nadgairs tresorer d'Engleterre, et issint demouregent unqore seisez, et nulle gree ou deliverance fait as ditz suppliantz de lour moneye suisdit, a graunde arerisement de l'estates des ditz suppliantz. | To the most honourable and most wise commons of this present parliament, John Allen, John Coventry, Everard Fleet, John Abbot, William Trymnell, William Beverage, Alan Forman, Thomas Brown, Thomas Burbage, Edmund Thorpe, Richard Fleet, Philip Albert and John Victory request that, whereas they recently individually brought and delivered to the Tower of London, to Richard Garner formerly master of the office of the mint in the said Tower of London, various sums of gold and silver in the old currency, amounting in total to the sum of £585 18s. 4d. in current money, to be re-coined there in accordance with the statute and ordinance recently made concerning the currency and the weight of coin of England; and concerning the receipt of the said money the said supplicants have individual bills sealed with the seal of the said Richard, or of Henry Whitbread, formerly his deputy, bearing witness to the aforesaid receipts; of which sums the said supplicants cannot have delivery, because all the goods and chattels of the said Richard Garner, and all the money in the posssession of the said Richard Garner and of his then deputies, were taken and seized into the hands of the king by the earl of Arundel, who is now dead, formerly treasurer of England, and they still remain seized in this way, and no satisfaction or delivery of their aforesaid money has been made to the said supplicants, to the great ruin of the estates of the said supplicants. |
| Que please a voz tressages discreciones, de considerer cest matere, et de faire peticione a nostre tresexcellent seignur le roy, qe les ditz suppliantz puissent fraunchement, et saunz delay, severalment avoir restitucione et deliverance del moneye suisdit, accordant a lours billes avauntditz; considerantz qe lez ditz suppliantz ount fait longe suyte pur le dit moneye, sibien a le counseylle nostre seignur le roy, come al tresorer d'Engleterre, saunz ascun remedye avoir en cest matier. | May it please your most wise discretions to consider this matter, andto petition our most excellent lord the king that the said supplicants can freely, and without delay, individually have restitution and delivery of the aforesaid money in accordance with their aforesaid bills; considering that the said supplicants have sued for a long time for the said money both to our lord the king's council and to the treasurer of England, without obtaining any remedy in this matter. |
| La quelle supplicacione, leeu et bien entendue en le dit parlement, fuit mesme la supplicacione par le roy, del assent de mesme le parlement, respondu en le manere q'ensuit: | When this petition had been read and fully heard in the said parliament, reply was made to the same petition by the king, by the assent of the same parliament, in the following manner: |
| Eit Johan Aleyn, et chescun de les autres suppliantz nomez en mesme la supplicacione, par advis et ordeinance del conseil du roy, pur le temps esteant, satisfaccione ou aggreement pur les sommes d'ore et d'argent, par ceux suppliantz liverez severalment, a Richard Garner nadgairs cuneour de roy a le tour de Loundres, pur avoir estee cuneez ove le novelle cune illeoqes, et demurantz [col. b] en sa garde nient rebaillez as ditz suppliantz, si avant et solonc l'afferante come les biens du dit Richard, queux par l'areste du Thomas nadgairs count d'Arundell' et tresorer d'Engleterre aviendrent as mains et al oeps du roy, se verront extendre; monstrantz adeprimes devaunt le dit conseil billes, ou endentures ensealez, tesmoignantz verraiment les receites du dit Richard Garner celles parties. (fn. iv-94-110-1) | Let John Allen and each of the other supplicants named in the same petition have, by advice and ordinance of the king's council at the time, satisfaction or compensation for the sums of gold and silver which were delivered individually by those supplicants to Richard Garner formerly the king's coiner at the Tower of London to have it coined in new currency there, and which remained [col. b] in his keeping without being given back to the said supplicants, to the extent and in proportion as the goods of the said Richard which came into the hands and the use of the king through their seizure by Thomas, formerly earl of Arundel and treasurer of England, can be proved to amount: but only after sealed bills or indentures bearing witness truthfully to the receipt of these things by the said Richard Garner have first been shown before the said council. (fn. iv-94-110-1) |
| Pur William Clyfford. | [Petition from Sir William Clifford]. |
| 18. Item les ditz communes baillerent en le dit parlement une peticione, dont le tenure cy ensuit: | 18. On behalf of William Clifford. Also, the said commons delivered into the said parliament a petition, of which the tenor follows here: |
| Plese a tressages communes de cest present parlement considerer, coment monsire William Clyfford, constable de Burdeux, ad par la grace de Dieu, et la bone et graciouse fortune nostre tressoverain seignur le roy, et de soun graunde labour et travaille, ad [sic] gaignez les chastelle et ville de Reule, en Guyen', et sustenuz puis le departir de monseignur Dorset, plusours autres garnysons en mesmes les parties, a ses propres costages et expenses. Et auxint, < coment > le viscont de [Lommayn'] , fitz a count d'Armynak, et le seignur de la Bret, ovesqe plusours autres seignurs et gentz d'armes, a la nombre de .xiiij. mille et pluis, en diverses villes, chastelx, et forteresses entour les ditz ville et chastel de la Reule, gisont, issint qe le dit William, ne nulle de ses gentz, ne poent issir pur gaigner vitailles, n'autres necessairs a lour vivre, a final destruccione du dit William, et de ses gentz suisditz, et auxi de tout le paies enviroun, qe Dieu defende, sinoun ils soient hastifment succurruz et aidez par nostre seignur le roy suisdit. | May it please the most wise commons of this present parliament to consider how Sir William Clifford, constable of Bordeaux, has, by the grace of God and the good and gracious fortune of our most sovereign lord the king, and through his great labour and effort, won the castle and town of La Reole in Guyenne, and has maintained, following the departure of my lord of Dorset, many other garrisons in the same parts at his own cost and expense. However, the viscount of Lommayn, son of the count of Armagnac, and the lord of Albret, with many other lords and men at arms to the number of 14,000 and more, lie in various towns, castles and fortresses around the said town and castle of La Reole, so that neither the said William nor any of his people can leave them in order to find victuals or other such vital things, which may result in the final ruin of the said William and of his aforesaid people, and also of all the surrounding country, which God forbid, unless they are swiftly succoured and aided by our aforesaid lord the king. |
| Et sur ceo par vostre tressages discrecions, de supplier a nostre tressoverain seignur le roy, pur le dit William, qe attenduz les graundes labours et travailles, et auxi les excessives et importables costages et expenses, q'il ad sustenuz et supportez, entour le gaigner, et garde des chastel et ville suisditz, et le paies enviroun, il plese a mesme nostre seignur le roy, de luy avoir recomendez, et auxi de faire si hastif ordeignaunce pur luy, q'il ne soit outrement destruitz, ne les ditz chastel et ville de la Reule, et le paiis enviroun perduz, qe Dieu ne voille, come a soy treshaut mageste meultz sembera [sic: read 'semblera'] . | And thereupon in your most wise discretion to petition our most sovereign lord the king for the said William that, considering the great labours and efforts and also the excessive and intolerable costs and expenses which he has borne and suffered with regard to the winning and keeping of the aforesaid castle and town and the country around, it might please our same lord the king to commend him, and also to make such swift provision for him as will seem best to his most high majesty, so that he is not utterly ruined, nor the said castle and town of La Reole and the country around lost, which God forbid. |
| La quelle peticione, leeu en le dit parlement, fuit respondu en la fourme ensuant: | When this petition had been read in the said parliament, reply was made in the following form: |
| Le roy vorra purvoier de remedie, si tost come il purra bonement. | The king wishes to provide a remedy for this as soon as it can properly be done. |
| Pur l'abbe de Founteyns. | [Concerning the dispute over the abbacy of Fountains]. |
| 19. Item les ditz communes baillerent en le dit parlement une peticione, dount le tenure cy ensuit: | 19. Concerning the abbot of Fountains. Also, the said commons delivered into the said parliament a petition, of which the tenor follows here: |
| Pleise as honurables et sages communes d'icest parlement, al plesaunce de Dieu, en avauncement de droiture, supplier a roy nostre seignur tressoverain, qe luy pleise, al plesaunce de Dieu, en accomplissement de droiture, considerer, coment par longe temps, grande debate ad estee el courte de Rome, et unqore est el courte Cristiene el counseille general a Constaunce, parentre sez lieges Roger Fraunk, et Johan de Rypon', de ceo qe chescun de eaux soy pretende d'avoir droit a l'abbacie de Founteyns, a tresgraunde trouble de diverses sez lieges, dispercione des moignes du dite abbecie, et graunde empoverisment d'icelle, et a graunde desclaundre del religione del ordre de Cisteux; et sur ceo, pur la dite busoigne hastier a droiturelle fyn, et pur eschuer les damages qe ent purrount avenir, s'il dure pluis longement, graunter sez graciouses lettres du graunt seal, directz a sez ambassiatours, et toutz sez lieges el dit counseille, eaux donauntz en charge de notifier as jugges, et a toutz nacions illoeqes assemblez, qe soun desire est, desicome Dieu luy ad ordeigne droiturelle jugge el temporalte, qe owelle droit lour soit fait, sibien el spiritualtee come el temporalte. Et q'ils mettent lour labour pur la dite querelle hastier a droiturelle fyn, saunz favour faire a nully, pur Dieu et en oevere de charitee. | May it please the honourable and wise commons of this parliament, to please God and to uphold right, to request of the king our most sovereign lord that it might please him, to please God and to maintain right, to consider how there has for a long time been a great dispute at the court of Rome, and there still is in the Christian court of the general council at Constance, between his lieges Roger Frank and John of Ripon, because each of them claims to have a right to the abbacy of Fountains, to the very great prejudice of various of his lieges, the dispersion of the monks of the said abbey, and its great impoverishment, and to the great discredit of the religion of the Cistercian order; and thereupon, in order to speed the said business to a proper end, and to avoid the misfortunes which could come from this if it lasts any longer, to grant his gracious letters under his great seal addressed to his ambassadors and to all his lieges at the said council, commanding them to inform the judges and all the nations assembled there that, as God has ordained him a legitimate judge as to the temporality, his desire is that equal justice should be done to them, both as to the spirituality and as to the temporality. And that they should give their attention to bringing the said dispute swiftly to a rightful end, without showing favour to anyone; for God, and by way of charity. |
| [p. iv-102] | |
| [col. a] | |
| La quelle peticione, leeu en le dit parlement, fuit respondu en la fourme ensuant. | When this petition had been read in the said parliament, reply was made in the following form: |
| Le roy vorra envoier tieux ses lettres a les ambassatours de sa terre, esteantz a Constance, touchant la matere contenu en la peticione, come luy bone semblera affaire. | The king wishes to send such letters to the ambassadors of his land who are at Constance concerning the matter contained in the petition as will seem good to him. |
| Pur David Howell'. | [Petition from David Howell]. |
| 20. Item les ditz communes baillerent en le dit parlement < une supplicacione, dont le tenure cy ensuit: > | 20. On behalf of David Howell. Also, the said commons delivered a petition into the said parliament, of which the tenor follows here: |
| < As treshonurables et graciouses seignurs le commune du cest present parlement, supplie le plus treshumblement vostre treshumble povere et continuel oratour, David Howell' de le counte de Pembr' > , qe come mesme le suppliant ore tarde esteant en service du roi, et a ceste gracieux viage fait sur la meer par le trespuissant seignur le duc de Bedeford, et en le mesne tiemps un Johan Elyot soun grande adversarie, pur malice et enemyte luy fesoit estre endite de tresoun devaunt Robert Hill', un des justices nostre dit seignur le roi en le counte de Pembr', sanz ascune manere cause de droit, come est bien conuz, quar cy devaunt mesme le Johan Elyot fesoit un appelle sur le dit suppliant, et al temps d'apparance, pur la probacione d'icelle devaunt nostre < dit > seignur le roy, mesme le Johan Elyot n'oesa apparer, nientmains de jour en autre, il est unqore dutour a cause d'enmyte q'il ad vers le dit povere suppliant, de luy outrement et disloiaulment [destruir] , al perpetuel destruccione et anientisement de le dit suppliant, sanz vous graciouses d'aides celle partie. | To the most honourable and most gracious lords, the commons of this present parliament, your most humble poor and continual petitioner, David Howell of the county of Pembrokeshire, requests with the greatest humility that, whereas the same supplicant was recently in the king's service and took part in that auspicious expedition made over the sea by the most mighty lord the duke of Bedford; and in the mean time one John Eliot, his great enemy, out of malice and enmity caused him to be indicted of treason before Robert Hill, one of the justices of our said lord the king in the county of Pembrokeshire, without any kind of legitimate reason, as is well known, because previously the same John Eliot appealed the said supplicant, and when it was time for them to appear for the case to be tried before our said lord the king, the same John Eliot did not dare to appear; but nevertheless he is still every day occupied in utterly and unlawfully destroying the said poor supplicant because of the enmity which he has towards him, to the perpetual destruction and ruin of the said supplicant unless he has your gracious aid on this matter. |
| Que pleise a vous, treshonurables et graciouses sires, la dissoial purpos avauntdite graciousement considerer, et que vous please ent parler a nostre dit seignur le roy, que luy please, de sa grace especial, a luy pardoner le suyt de sa peas, que a luy envers luy appartient,pur toutz maners tresonnes, felonnies, et trespaces queconqes, et toutz aultres maners surfaitz par luy faitz, ou perpetre, dont il est endites, rettes, ou appelles; et auxi les utlegaries, si ascuns envers luy soient prononcies, pur cause des choses avauntditz, ou pur ascuns d'icelles, et toutz maners des conusances des felonies et abjuracions, faitz pur icelles; pur Dieu et en ovre de charitee. | May it please you, most honourable and most gracious lords, to consider the aforesaid unlawful action, and may it please you to speak to our said lord the king about it, so that it might please him, of his special grace, to pardon him the suit of his peace which belongs to the king against him for all manner of treasons, felonies and trespasses whatsoever, and all other kinds of crimes committed or perpetrated by him, for which he is indicted, accused or appealed; and also for outlawries, if any have been pronounced against him because of the aforesaid things or of any of them, and for all kinds of admissions of felonies and abjurations made in relation to them; for God and by way of charity. |
| La quelle supplicacione, leeu en le dit parlement, fuit respondu en la fourme ensuant: | When this petition had been read in the said parliament, reply was made in the following form: |
| Le roy soy avisera. | The king will consider this further. |
| Pur la terre d'Irland. | [Petition from the commons concerning Ireland]. |
| 21. Item les ditz communes baillerent a roy en le dit parlement une autre supplicacione, touchant sa terre d'Irland, dont ils prierent de remedie, par ordinance affaire en mesme le parlement, et de la quelle supplicacione le tenure cy ensuit: | 21. Concerning the land of Ireland. Also, the said commons delivered to the king in the said parliament another petition regarding his land of Ireland, to which they requested a remedy through an ordinance to be made in the same parliament; and the tenor of this petition follows here: |
| As honurables et sages sires les communes d'icest present parlement, suppliont les povers loialx lieges nostre seignur le roy en Irland, qe come la dite terre est [devise par] deux nacions: c'estassavoir, lez ditz suppliantz, Engloys et de Engloys nacione, et les Irroys nacione, enemyes a nostre seignur le roy, lez queux par subtile ymaginacione, privement, come en destruccione overtment en faire de guerre, purposent continuelment les ditz lieges a destruer, et la dite terre conquerer; et ore comence un subtile prive conquest, en destruccione des ditz lieges; qe come ordeigne fuist en temps de les [col. b] progenitours nostre dit seignur le roy, estatutz en la dite terre, qe nulle d'Irroys nacione ne serroit eslu par eleccione en ercevesqe, evesqe, abbe, priorie, ne en nulle manere resceu n'accepte a nulle dignite ne benefice deins la dite terre; nient obstant, en temps des ditz progenitours, et predecessours, as ditz Irroys ount estee chartres de libertees grauntez par les lieutenauntz del dite terre, d'accepter et resceiver lez ditz dignite et benefice, encountre le dit estatut, et pardone pur l'acceptacione d'icelles, issint q'il ad ercevesqe et evesqe deins la dite terre, del dite nacione, les queux fount lour [collacione as] Irroys clercz, de lour dignites et benefices, et sount peers de les parlement et counsailles en la dite terre tenuz, accordantz a lour estatz; et Irroys servauntz ovesqe eux; issint le feblenez, les privetes, et meschiefs des ditz lieges par eux conuz, et as ditz enemys discoverez. | To the honourable and wise lords, the commons of this present parliament, the poor loyal lieges of our lord the king in Ireland request that, whereas the said land is divided into two nations: which are, the said supplicants, that is the English of the English nation, and the Irish nation, enemies of our lord the king, who secretly, by cunning schemes, and in open destruction, by making war, aim continually to destroy the said lieges, and to conquer the said land; and recently a cunning secret conquest has been begun to destroy the said lieges; and whereas in the time of the [col. b] progenitors of our said lord the king, statutes were ordained in the said land that no-one of the Irish nation should be chosen by election to be an archbishop, bishop, abbot, prior, or received or accepted in any way into any dignity or benefice in the said land (notwithstanding that in the time of the said progenitors and predecessors, charters of liberties were granted to the said Irish by the lieutenants of the said land to accept and receive the said dignities and benefices, contrary to the said statute, and pardons were granted for accepting them, so that there are archbishops and bishops in the said land of the said nation, who appoint Irish clerks to their dignities and benefices, and are peers of the parliament and councils held in the said land, in accordance with their estates; and bring Irish servants with them, so that the weaknesses, the secrets, and the misfortunes of the said lieges are discovered by them and revealed to the said enemies). |
| Que vous please pur declarer les ditz meschiefs, en cest present parlement, a nostre tresexcellent et tressoveraigne seignur le roy, luy treshumblement suppliaunt, qe nul de ses lieutenauntz, justice, ne ministre del dite terre, ne de ses heirs, eient poer desoutz lour tesmoignaunce par le graunt seal del dite terre, de graunter licence a ascuny de Irroys nacione, pur accepter ascun dignite ou benefice deins la dite terre, ne pardone pur l'acceptacione d'icelles, encountre lez ditz estatutz, en temps avenir; et si ascune licence ou pardone par eux soient grauntez, q'ils soient tenuz pur nulles. Et qe nulle ercevesqe, ne evesqe, de Irroys nacione, deins la dite terre, ne ferront lour collacione a nulle clerc de Irroys nacione, de nul dignite ne benefice; ne q'ils amesnent ovesqe eux a nul parlement ne counsaille tenuz deinz la dite terre, nul servaunt de Irroys nacione, sur peyne de forfaiture de lour temporaltees. | May it please you to make the said misfortunes known in this present parliament to our most excellent and most sovereign lord the king, requesting of him most humbly that none of his lieutenants, justices or ministers in the said land, or those of his heirs, should in future have power under their testimony through the great seal of the said land to grant permission to anyone of the Irish nation to accept any dignity or benefice in the said land, or to grant any pardon for accepting them, contrary to the said statutes; and if any licence or pardon is granted by them, they should be considered to be null. And that no archbishop or bishop of the Irish nation in the said land should appoint any clerk of the Irish nation to any dignity or benefice; nor should they bringwith them to any parliament or council held in the said land any servant of the Irish nation, on pain of forfeiture of their temporalities. |
| La quelle supplicacione, leeu en le dit parlement et bien entendu, fuit mesme lasuppl icacione par le roy, del assent des seignurs espirituelx et temporelx en ycelle esteantz, et a la priere de les [memb. 4] ditz communes, respondu en la fourme ensuant: | When this petition had been read in the said parliament and fully heard, reply was made to the same petition by the king, by the assent of the lords spiritual and temporal present there and at the request of the [memb. 4] said commons, in the following form: |
| Estoisent les estatutz en la dite supplicacione especifiez en lour entier force, et soient bien et duement gardez et executz, sur la grevous indignacione du roy. Et si ascuns tieux ercevesqes, evesqes, abbes, ou priours, del nacione Irroys, rebeux a roi, facent evant ou ont faitz enarere, nulles collacions ou presentements as benefices de seinte esglise en la terre d'Irland, encontre la fourme des ditz estatutz, ou amesnent ovesqe eux entre les Engleis illoeqes, as parlementz, conseils, ou autres assemblees dedeinz mesme la terre, ascuns Irrois, rebeux a roy, pur conustre les privitees et l'estat Engleis illoeqes, et les adescoverer a les rebeux, q'adonqes soient maintenant toutz lour temporaltees sesiez es mains du roi, ademurrerz en ycelles, tanqe ils eient faitz sufficeantz fyns a roy celle partie. Et outreceo, qe trestoutz les lieutenantz du roy et de ses heirs en Irland, soient toutoutrement defenduz et restreintz, desore en avant de chescune manere poair avoir, a doner ou grantier ascunes tieles licences, ou pardons, as persones Irrois, nient Engleis. Et qe toutz tieux licences nient executz, faitz, et grantez, par les lieutenantz de roy en mesme la terre, avant ces heures, et auxi par eux a grantierz desore enavant, soiez voides et de nulle force ou value. (fn. iv-94-153-1) | Let the statutes specified in the said petition remain in their entire effect, and be well and duly kept and enforced, on pain of the grievous displeasure of the king. And if any such archbishops, bishops, abbots or priors of the Irish nation, rebels against the king, make in future or have made previously any appointments or presentations to benefices of holy church in the land of Ireland contrary to the form of the said statutes, or bring with them amongst the English there, to parliaments, councils or other assemblies in the same land, any Irish, rebels against the king, to spy out the secrets and circumstances of the English there and to reveal them to the rebels, then all their temporalities should immediately be seized into the hands of the king, to remain in them until they have paid an adequate fine to the king for this matter. And furthermore all the lieutenants of the king and his heirs in Ireland should henceforth be completely forbidden and prevented from having any kind of power to give or grant any such licences or pardons to people who are Irish, not English. And that all such licences which have previously been given and granted by the king's lieutenants in the same land but not yet put into execution, and also those henceforth to be granted by them, should be void and of no force or value. (fn. iv-94-153-1) |
| [p. iv-103] | |
| [memb. 3] | |
| PLEISE A NOSTRE TRESSOVERAIGNE SEIGNUR LE ROY, EN EAS ET SUPPORTACIONE DE VOZ POEVERS COMMUNES, DE GRAUNTER LES PETICIONS Q'ENSUENT. | [THE COMMON PETITIONS]: MAY IT PLEASE OUR MOST SOVEREIGN LORD THE KING, FOR THE BENEFIT AND SUPPORT OF YOUR POOR COMMONS, TO GRANT THE FOLLOWING PETITIONS. |
| [col. a] | |
| I. < Pur tener de graunt chartre. > | I. [Concerning the keeping of the Great Charter]. |
| Primerement, qe la graunte chartre, et la chartre de la foreste, et toutz autres estatutz et ordeignaunces, faitz en temps de voz tresnobles progenitours, roys d'Engleterre, et en vostre temps demesne, et nient repellez, soient firmement tenuz et gardez en toutz pointz. | 22. I. Concerning the keeping of the Great Charter. Firstly, that the Great Charter and the Charter of the Forest, and all other statutes and ordinances made in the time of your most noble progenitors, kings of England, and in your own time, and not repealed, should be firmly kept and observed in all points. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roy le voet. (fn. iv-94-160-1) | The king wills it. (fn. iv-94-160-1) |
| II. < Pur les visconts d'accompt en l'exchekar. > | II. [On behalf of the sheriffs who account in the exchequer]. |
| 23. Item priont les communes, qe come par diverses estatutz, sibien en temps del noble Roy Edward tierce, come en temps du Roy Henry vostre pere, qe Dieux assoile, al request des communes du roiaume [editorial note: Here, and in the three examples in the next petition, the word has been altered from 'roiamme' by erasing part of the second m.] , feust purveu et ordeine, qe le viscont de Essex' et Hertf', et toutz autres viscontz d'Engleterre, pur le temps esteant, accompterent en l'escheqer, et averont allowance et descharge, par lour serementz, des issues et profitz des ditz countes. Et ce nient contresteant, les tresorer et barons de vostre escheqer, ne vuillent descharger les ditz viscontz, en lour accomptes, par lour serementz, en le dit escheqer, solonc la fourme des ditz estatutz, a cause qe l'usage en le dit escheqer, estoit contraire du dit estatut, a tresgraund anientisment des viscontz des ditz countes. | 23. II. On behalf of the sheriffs who account in the exchequer. Also, the commons pray that, whereas by various statutes, both from the time of the noble King Edward the third and from the time of King Henry your father, whom God absolve, at the request of the commons of the realm, it was decided and ordained that the sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire and all other sheriffs of England at the time should account in the exchequer and should have an allowance and discharge, on their oaths, from the issues and profits of the said counties. Yet notwithstanding this the treasurer and barons of your exchequer refuse to discharge the said sheriffs in their accounts by their oaths in the said exchequer in accordance with the form of the said statutes, because the custom in the said exchequer remains contrary to the said statute, to the very great ruin of the sheriffs of the said counties. |
| Que pleise considerer le meschief suisdit, et sur ceo graunter en cest present parlement, qe les viscontz suisditz, et chescun de eux, soient deschargez sur lour accomptes, par lour serementz; ascuns usages ou ordeignances en le dit escheqer, a contraire devaunt eux, ou ascuns feefermes, blanchefermes, ou novelles encreces de novo incremento, ou ascun autry cause ou chose, nient obstantz. | May it please you to consider the aforesaid wrong, and thereupon to grant in this present parliament that the aforesaid sheriffs, and each of them, should be discharged in their accounts on their oaths; notwithstanding any previous usages or ordinances to the contrary in the said exchequer, or any fee-farms, white-farms, or new increases de novo incremento, or any other thing or reason. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Eient toutz les visconts d'Engleterre allouance sur lour accomps, par lour serements, des choses casuels, qe ne sounent ne courgent my en ferme n'en demande annuelle, mes de toutz ceux choses qe sounent ou courgent en tieux fermes annuels, ou demandes annuelx, soient ils chargez envers le roy, come les visconts on estee chargeez devaunt ces heures en le cas. (fn. iv-94-167-1) | Let all the sheriffs of England have an allowance in their accounts, on their oath, for casual things which are not concerned with or arise from farms or annual demands; but for all those things which are concerned with or arise from such annual farms or annual demands, they should be charged before the king as sheriffs have been charged previously in this case. (fn. iv-94-167-1) |
| III. < Touchaunt fletchers. > | III. [Concerning fletchers]. |
| 24. Item supplient les communes, pur profit du roy et de roiaume, [editorial note: See above.] qe come les flecchers del citee de Loundres, et aillours par my le roiaume, [editorial note: See above.] ount tout temps cy devaunt uzes, et unqore covient de user, pur faire toutz maners settes, et autre archelrie, de mearisme appelle aspe, et de nulle autre mearisme. Et ensi est a present, qe les gentz appelles patynmakers de la dite citee, et aillours, ount de novelle susprenduz de faire toutz lour patyns, et autres choses de lour mestier, de la dite mearisme de aspe, et de nulle autre, la ou ils usoient et fesoient toutditz cy devant lour patyns, et autres choses de lour mestier, de weloghe, alder, et de tielle autre mearisme. Et sur ceo ils ount si graundement susgroses la dite mearisme appelle aspe, qe les ditz suppliantz ne purront avoir sufficeante d'icelle, pur servier nostre dit seignur le roy, et soun roialme; et en brief temps est verray semblable, mesme la mearisme appelle aspe d'estre finalment destruit par les ditz patynmakers, a graund et perpetuel arrerisment de l'archelrie de la dite roialme, si bonne et hastive remedie et correccione pur icelle en cest present parlement ne soit ordeigne et purveu. | 24. III. Concerning fletchers. Also, the request of the commons for the benefit of the king and of the realm: whereas the fletchers of the city of London and elsewhere in the realm have always been accustomed to use, and still do use, a wood called aspen, and no other wood, for making arrows of all kinds and for other archery equipment. It is now the case, however, that the people called pattenmakers of the said city and elsewhere have recently begun to make all their pattens and other objects relating to their craft from the said aspen wood, and from no other, whereas they were always previously accustomed to make their pattens and the other objects of their craft from willow, alder and such other woods. And because of this they have so greatly monopolised the said wood called aspen that the said supplicants cannot find enough of it to serve our said lord the king and his realm; and it is probable that within a short time the same wood called aspen will be completely exhausted by the said pattenmakers, to the great and perpetual detriment of archery in the said realm, if a good and swift remedy and correction is not ordained and provided for it in this present parliament. |
| Que pleise ordeiner en cest present parlement qe [col. b] les patynmakers deinz le roiaume [editorial note: See above.] d'Engleterre desore enavaunt ne facent pateyns, ne clogges, de tielle mearesme appelle aspe, sur peyne de paier a roy c s. a chescun foitz qe les ditz patynmakers fount aucunes patyns ou clogges de dit mearesme appelle aspe. Et qe chescun qe voet suir pur le roy, eit l'un moitee del peyn issint forfaite. | May it please you therefore to ordain in this present parliament that [col. b] the pattenmakers in the realm of England should not henceforth make pattens or clogs of this wood called aspen, on pain of paying to the king 100s. each time the said pattenmakers make any pattens or clogs of the said wood called aspen. And anyone who wishes to sue on behalf of the king should have half of the penalty thus forfeited. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roy le voet, parissint qe les flecchers par my le roialme vendent lour seetes a pluis aise et resonable price desore enavaunt, qe ne soleient vendre avaunt ces heures. (fn. iv-94-174-1) | The king wills it, provided that fletchers throughout the realm sell their arrows at a more moderate and reasonable price in future than they sold them for previously. (fn. iv-94-174-1) |
| IIII. < Pur le certeintie des wages dell servantes. > | IIII. [Concerning the setting of servants' wages]. |
| 25. Item priont les communes, qe come en un estatut fait a Cantebrigge, en temps du Roy Richard seconde, l'an de soun regne duszisme, estoit ordeignes serteins lowers par an, pur baillifs et autres servantz de housbondrye, et auxint pur autres servantz et laborers, sibien dedeins cites et burghs, come aillours parmy tout le roialme; et qe si nulle doune ou preigne par covenaunt par an, pluis qe n'est specifies en le dit estatut, qe a la primer foitz q'ils soient ent atteintz, qe sibien les donourscome les parnours paieront l'excesse issint done; et qe a la seconde foitz, la double de le excesse issint done. (fn. iv-94-177-1) Et ore est ensi, qe les donours qaunt ils sount sermentez devant les justices de la pees, ne voillent tiel excesse en nulle maner presenter, pur eschuer lour punissement demesne, a tresgrant perde de nostre seignur le roy de ses fyns et amercementz par le dit concelement, et grevous damage as seignurs, et autres communes de cest roialme, de noun due punissement des defautes des servantz et laborers avauntditz. | 25. IIII. Concerning the setting of servants' wages. Also, the commons pray that, whereas in a statute made at Cambridge in the time of King Richard the second, in the twelfth year of his reign [1388], certain annual hiring fees were ordained for bailiffs and other agricultural servants, and also for other servants and labourers working both within cities and boroughs and elsewhere, throughout the whole realm; so that if anyone gives or takes, through a yearly agreement, more than is specified in the said statute, then the first time that they are convicted of this, both the givers and the receivers should pay the excess which is thus given, and the second time double the excess thus given. (fn. iv-94-177-1) Yet now it is the case that the givers, when they are on oath before the justices of the peace, absolutely refuse to bring a charge of excess payment of this kind, in order to avoid their own punishment, to the very great loss to our lord the king of his fines and amercements through such concealment, and to the great injury of the lords and the other commons of this realm through the lack of due punishment for the faults of the aforesaid servants and labourers. |
| Que please a nostre seignur le roy, a cause suisdit, de ouster la peine de le donour. Et qe le peine contenuz en le dit estatut courge tout soulement sur le parnour. | May it please our lord the king, for the aforesaid reason, to abolish the penalty for the giver. And let the penalty specified in the said statute fall entirely on the receiver. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roy le voet, tanqe a le fest de Seint Michelle proschein avenir, et delors tanqe a fyn de deux ans proscheins ensuantz. (fn. iv-94-180-1) | The king wills it, until the feast of Michaelmas next [29 September 1417], and then for two years following that. (fn. iv-94-180-1) |
| V. < Pur Johan Tutberye, touchaunt la prise del neif. > | V. [On behalf of John Tutbury, concerning the capture of his ship]. |
| 26. Item priount les communes, pur vostre humble liege Johan Tutbery, possessour del niefe appelle Cristofre de Kyngeston' sur Hull', qe come la dite niefe charge ove certeins vines a Burdeux, fuist oretarde par les marchantz d'Engleterre illoeqes esluz pur estre admiralle pur le Northe, et en rescuant vostre niefe appelle Graunte Hull' de Bretayne, en retournaunt en Engleterre par voz enemys de Jene estoit pris; a tresgraunde damage et perde du dit Johan, et arrerisment de soun poevere estate; apres quelle temps la dite niefe appelle Christofre, ove .c iiij xx xix. tonelx de vyn, des vynes pardevaunt par les ditz enemys de Jene prisez, par vertue de voz graciouses lettres de prive seal, directz a l'onurable companye de l'estaple, fuist par mesme la companye, de voz ditz enemys, al oeps et profit du dit Johan achatez, et par mesme le Johan a dit port amesnuz. | 26. V. On behalf of John Tutbury, concerning the capture of his ship. Also, the request of the commons for your humble liege John Tutbury, owner of the ship called the Christopher of Kingston upon Hull: whereas recently, when the said ship was loaded with certain wines at Bordeaux, he was chosen by the English merchants there to be admiral for the North and, while rescuing your ship called Great Hull from Brittany, was captured by your enemies of Genoa while returning to England; to the very great injury and loss of the said John, and the detriment of his poor estate; following which the said ship called the Christopher, with 199 tuns of wine (which wine had previously been captured by the said enemies from Genoa), by virtue of your gracious letters under your privy seal addressed to the honourable company of the staple, was bought from your said enemies by the same company for the use and profit of the said John, and brought to the said port by the same John. |
| Que pleise a vostre roial magestee et tressoverain seignurie, de considerer les premisses, et surceo de pardoner et releser au dit Johan xxixli. xvij s. a vous duez, pur la subside de chescun tonelle de vyn, de les .c iiij xx xix. tonelx avauntditz. Et en outre, de graunter a dit Johan, dux tonelx de vyn, a vous, tressoverain seignur, duez et appurtenauntz, pur vostre prise de la niefe appelle Cristofre avaundite; et sur ceo de [p. iv-104][col. a] commaunder vostre chaunceller d'Engleterre, de faire suffisantz garrantz, directz as tresorer et barons de vostre escheqer, d'acquiter et descharger le dit Johan, envers vous, tressoverain seignur, et toutz autres, sibien de les xxixli. xvij s., come < de > les deux tonelx de vostre prise avauntditz. Considerantz, tressoveraine seignur, qe .iiij xx . tonelx de les vynes avauntditz furent et sount rebulez, et issint de nulle value. Et ensement qe < une > balengere, del value de ccli., du dit Johan oretarde pleignement frectee ove vitaille, pur vitailler vostre ville de Harefleu, en retournaunt de mesme la ville, fuist par voz enemys de Fraunce pris sur la meer, a tresgraunt anientisment du dit Johan, saunz vostre tresgracious seignurie en ceste partie. | May it please your royal majesty and most sovereign lordship to consider the aforementioned, and thereupon to pardon and release to the said John £29 17s. due to you for the subsidy on each tun of wine from the aforesaid 199 tuns. And furthermore, to grant to the said John two tuns of wine due and belonging to you, most sovereign lord, for your aforesaid prise from the aforesaid ship called Christopher; and thereupon to [p. iv-104][col. a] command your chancellor of England to issue sufficient warrants addressed to the treasurer and barons of your exchequer to acquit and discharge the said John towards you, most sovereign lord, and all others, both for the £29 17s. and for the two tuns from your aforesaid prise. Considering, most sovereign lord, that eighty tuns of the aforesaid wine were and are spilt and thus valueless. And similarly that a balinger of the said John's valued at £200, recently fully loaded with victuals to victual your town of Harfleur, returning from the same town was captured at sea by your enemies of France, to the very great ruin of the said John, without your most gracious lordship in this matter. |
| [memb. 2] | |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roy le voet. | The king wills it. |
| VI. < Touchant la prysell del neyfes. > | VI. [Concerning the impressment of ships]. |
| 27. Item supplient voz communes, qe come en temps de le tresnoble prince le Roy Edward, vostre besaiel, qe Dieu assoile, ordeine et accustume estoit, qe a quelle temps qe les niefs de le roialme d'Engleterre furent arestuz, et detenuz par soun admiralle, ou ascun autre officer, ou ministre, d'aler ove vostre dit besaiel pur luy servir, qe les possessours de mesmes les niefs, furent duement paiez, et allouez de lour tontyghte, pur lour ditz niefs, outres les gages des mariners de mesmes les niefs: c'estassavoir, pur chescun tontighte de quelle portage qe la niefe fuist, iij s. iiij d. pur le quarter del an, durant le temps q'ils furent ensy retenuz en la dite service; et puis en vostre temps la dit tontighte ad estee detenue, et nient paie a les possessours des niefs par tout vostre roialme, a tresgraunt anientisment et empoverisment des ditz possessours, et veraisemblable destruccione de vostre dite navye. | 27. VI. Concerning the impressment of ships. Also, the request of your commons: whereas in the time of the most noble prince, King Edward [III], your great-grandfather, whom God absolve, it was ordained and customary that whenever ships of the realm of England were impressed and kept by his admiral, or by any other officer or minister, to go with your said great-grandfather in his service, the owners of the same ships were duly paid and allowed their tonnage for their said ships, in addition to the wages of the sailors of the same ships: that is, for each ton, of whatever tonnage the ship was, 3s. 4d. for each quarter of a year, during the time that they were thus kept in the said service; but in your time the said tonnage has been retained and not paid to the owners of ships in any part of your realm, to the very great ruin and impoverishment of the said ship owners, and the probable destruction of your said navy. |
| Pleise a vostre tressoverain seignurie de considerer les premisses, sibien pur le bien et profit de vous, tressoverain seignur, et de vostre roialme, come pur l'encrees et renoveller de vostre dit navye, de grauntier, ordeiner, et establir en cest present parlement, qe desore enavaunt les possessours du dite navye, soient paiez et allouez de les tontightes, pur lour ditz < niefs > et vesselx: c'estassavoir iij s. iiij d. pur chescun tontighte de quelle portage qe la niefe fureit, pur chescun quarter del an, duraunt le temps q'ils serrount en vostre treshonurable service, ou de voz heirs, saunz ent estre forbarrez ou precludez en ascun manere, en temps avenir. | May it please your most sovereign lordship to consider the above and, both for your good and profit, most sovereign lord, and for those of your realm, as well as for the increase and renewal of your said navy, to grant, ordain and establish in this present parliament that henceforth the owners of the said navy should be paid and allowed their tonnages for their said ships and vessels: that is 3 s. 4 d. for each ton, of whatever tonnage the ship is, for each quarter of a year during the time in which they are in your most honourable service or in that of your heirs, without in future being barred or precluded from this in any way. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Sicome la voluntee du roy ad estee declare a les communes cy presentz en le parlement, sur la matere contenu en la peticione, l'entente du roy est de le parfourner. | As the king's will on the matter contained in the petition has been declared to the commons here present in this parliament, the king's intention is to carry it out. |
| VII. < Qe protection ne serra graunt as abbe ou priour s'ils ne serront oustre le mere ou en le service del roy. > | VII. [That protection should not be granted to any abbot or prior unless they are overseas or in the king's service]. |
| 28. Item priont voz communes, qe come diverses abbes, priours, et autres religiouses de vostre roialme, ount donez, grauntez, et venduz, as diverses de voz lieges, par lour lettres patentz desouth lour communes sealx, diverses corodies, pensions, fees, et annuites: c'estassavoir, as ascunes persones, pur lour bon et longe service; ascuns, pur lour deniers a eux paiez devant la main; et a ascuns, pur diverses autres causes. Et coment auxi, ascuns des ditz abbes, priours, et religiouses, qe ne ont my este de bon governance, par colour de pitee et almoigne, ont appromptez de diverses de voz ditz lieges, diverses graundes sommes de deniers, deliverantz a voz ditz lieges lour lettres obligatories desoutz lour communes sealx, pur suerte de paiement de sommes ensi appromptez; ascuns des ditz abbes, priours, et autres religiouses ensi mesgovernez, compassantz et ymaginantz de desceiver, et forbarrer, et delaier voz ditz lieges de lour droites, ont purchacez devant ses heures, et soi purposent de purchacer voz lettres patentz de proteccion, et tuicion; a grande prejudice, anientisment, et finalle destruccion a plusours de voz ditz lieges. | 28. VII. That protection should not be granted to any abbot or prior unless they are overseas or in the king's service. Also, the request of your commons: whereas various abbots, priors and other religious of your realm have given, granted and sold to various of your lieges, by their letters patent under their common seals, various corrodies, pensions, fees and annuities; that is, to some persons for their good and long service, to others for ready money paid to them, and to others for various other reasons. And whereas also, some of the said abbots, priors and religious, who have not managed their affairs properly, under pretext of piety and alms, have borrowed from various of your said lieges various large sums of money, delivering to your said lieges their letters obligatory under their common seals as security for the payment of the sums thus borrowed; and some of the said abbots, priors and other religious whose affairs are thus misgoverned, plotting and scheming to deceive and bar and delay your lieges from their rights, have in the past purchased, and intend to purchase, your letters patent of protection and safekeeping; to the great injury, ruin and final destruction of many of your said lieges. |
| Que pleise a vostre sovereigne roial majeste graciousement considerer les damages, perils, et meschiefs, qe ont ensi avenuz, et semblablement purront avenir, a voz ditz [col. b] lieges, et graunter de vostre grace especiale, et ordeiner en cest parlement, qe par force ou colour de tielx proteccions et tuicions, nul de vostre dit poeple ne soit forbarrez, ne delaiez de son droit, ne de son recoverir en tiel cas; s'il ne soit pur le temps, qe ascun tiel abbe, priour, ou religious, soit hors du roialme, et en vostre roial service. | May it please your sovereign royal majesty graciously to considerthe injuries, perils and wrongs which have thus befallen, and probably will befall, your said [col. b] lieges, and to grant of your special grace and ordain in this parliament that by virtue or colour of such letters of protection and safekeeping, none of your said people should be barred or delayed from their right or from their recovery in any such case; except during the time that any such abbot, prior or religious is out of the realm and in your royal service. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Soient les prerogatives du roy, et la commune leie de la terre, gardeez en le cas. | Let the king's prerogatives and the common law of the land be kept in this case. |
| VIII. < Qe merchantes alienes serra byen use. > | VIII. [That alien merchants should be properly treated]. |
| 29. Item priont les communes, qe come en un estatut fait en le temps de vostre tresnoble pier, qe Dieu assoile, ordeinez fuist, et establiz, qe toutz les marchantz aliens, de quele estat ou condicion q'ils soient, venantz, demurrantz, ou repairantz deins le roialme d'Engleterre, soient traitez et demesnez deins mesme le roialme, en manere, forme, et condicion, come les marchantz denizeins sont, ou serront traitez ou demesnez es parties depardela; sur peine de forfaire au roy toutz les biens et chateux des ditz marchantz aliens, et sur peyne d'emprisonement des corps de mesmes les marchantz aliens. Et ensement ordeinez fuist et establiz, en temps de vostre dit tresnoble pier, qe Dieu assoile, entre autres choses par estatut, q'en chescun citee, ville, et port du meer d'Engleterre, ou les ditz marchantz aliens et estranges sont, ou serront repairantz, soient assignez a mesmes les marchantz suffisantz hosties par les mairs, viscontz, ou baillifs des ditz villes, et portz du meer; et qe les ditz marchantz aliens et estranges, ne soient demurantz en autre lieu, si non ovesqe les ditz hosties ensi a assigners, et qe mesmes les hosties ensi a assigners, preignent pur lour travaille, en manere qe fuist accustumez en auncien temps, come en mesmes les estatutz [est contenuz pluis au plein.] | 29. VIII. That alien merchants should be properly treated. Also, the commons pray that, whereas in a statute made in the time of your most noble father, whom God absolve, it was ordained and established that all alien merchants of any status or condition coming to, living in or repairing to the realm of England, should be treated and dealt with in the same realm in the same manner, form and way as native merchants are or will be treated or dealt with in the parts overseas; on pain of forfeiture to the king of all the goods and chattels of the said alien merchants, and on pain of the bodily imprisonment of the same alien merchants. And similarly it was ordained and established in the time of your said most noble father, whom God absolve, by statute, among other things, that in each city, town and seaport of England where the said alien and foreign merchants repair, or will repair, suitable hosts should be assigned to the same merchants by the mayors, sheriffs or bailiffs of the said towns and seaports; and that the said alien and foreign merchants should not live in any place other than with the said hosts who are assigned in this way, and that the same hosts who are assigned in this way should take for their trouble what they were accustomed to in former times; as is more fully specified in the same statutes. |
| [Que pleise a vostre tressoveraigne seignurie, de graunter] < en cest present parlement, qe les ditz estatutz soient > firmement tenuz et gardez en toutz pointz, et mys en due execucione, de ceo enavant, solonc la contenu en ycelles. | May it please your most sovereign lordship to grant in this present parliament that the said statutes should be firmly kept and observed in all points and duly enforced in future, in accordance with their content. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roy le voet. (fn. iv-94-208-1) | The king wills it. (fn. iv-94-208-1) |
| Le pardone grantee par le roy. | [General pardon]. |
| 30. Item priount les communes, qe vous pleise de vostre roial mageste, considerantz les graundes charges et aides q'ils ount portez et suffertz avaunt ces heures, et les bones et greables voluntees q'ils ount a vous, tressoverain seignur, en cest present parlement, de pardoner et relesser a toutz voz lieges, et a chescuny de eaux, toutz maners fynes, issues, et amerciamentz, et toutz autres forfaitures, peynes pecuniers, dettes, et demaundes tanqe al somme de xxvi s. viij d. et dedeins, devaunt le .xix. jour de Octobre, q'est le primer jour de mesme le parlement, eschuz, terminez, et a determinerz. Et auxint de pardoner et relesser toutz maners fynes et amerciamentz, de et pur toutz maners trespasses, offenses, mesprisions, contemptz, conspiracies, confederacies, negligences, ignorances, concelements, et deceites, faitz ou perpetrez devaunt le dit .xix. jour, purles quelles ou quelle, le fyne, ou amerciament, est ou serra, assis en temps avenir, al somme suisdite et dedeins. Et auxint chateux des futifs, et de felons, waifs et straifs, et chateux de ceux queux sont utlagez, et les chateux des felons de soy mesmes, q'auroy apparteignent, ou pur ascunes des causes suisditz, en ascune manere purront apparteigner, devaunt le suisdit .xix. jour, tanqe a la somme avauntdite, et dedeins forfaitz; et les utlagaries, si queux en voz ditz lieges, ou ascun de eaux, par celles enchesons, ou ascunes d'icelles, soient pronunciez: purveu toutfoitz, qe null enjoise benefice de ceste pardone, q'est ou serra charge ou chargeable outre la dite somme pur les causes suisditz, ou ascuns d'icelles. Et auxint, de vostre grace especiale pardoner, et relesser a voz ditz lieges, la suyte de vostre pees qe a vous envers eux appartient, par cause de ascune tresone faite ou perpetre, par eux, ou ascun [p. iv-105][col. a] de eux, devaunt le dit .xix. jour d'Octobre, pur l'enfreindre de voz trieues et saufconduytz; et auxint les utlagaries, si quelles vers eaux, ou ascun de eaux, soient pronunciez par celle enchesone. Et qe chescun de voz ditz lieges, sibien del counte palatyn de Lancastre, come aillours deins vostre roialme d'Engleterre, enjoise ceste pardone, saunz suer chartre, ou brief celle partie. | 30. The pardon granted by the king. Also, the commons pray that it might please you, of your royal majesty, considering the great expenses and subsidies which they have borne and suffered before now, and the good and agreeable benevolence which they have shown towards you, most sovereign lord, in this present parliament, to pardon and release all your lieges, and each of them, from all manner of fines, issues and amercements, and all other forfeitures, pecuniary penalties, debts and demands up to the sum of 26s. 8d. or less, incurred, imposed or to be imposed before 19 October, which was the first day of this parliament. And also to pardon and release them from all manner of fines and amercements for or concerning all manner of trespasses, offences, crimes, acts of contempt, conspiracies, intrigues, acts of negligence, acts of ignorance, concealments, and deceptions committed or perpetrated before the said 19th day for which the fine or amercement is or will be fixed infuture at the aforesaid sum or less. And also the chattels of fugitives and of felons, waifs and strays, and the chattels of those who have been outlawed, and the chattels of suicides, which belong to the king, or which will in any way be able to belong to the king for any of the aforesaid reasons, which have been forfeited before the aforesaid 19th day, up to the aforesaid sum or less; and the outlawries, if any are pronounced on your said lieges, or on any of them, for those reasons, or any of them: provided always that no-one should enjoy the benefit of this pardon who is or will be required to pay or who may be required to pay an amount greater than the said sum for the aforesaid reasons or any of them. And also, of your special grace, to pardon and release your said lieges from the suit of your peace which belongs to you with regard to them because of any treason committed or perpetrated by them, or any [p. iv-105][col. a] of them, before 19 October, for the breaking of your truces and safe-conducts; and also the outlawries, if any are pronounced on them, or on any of them, for that reason. And that each of your said lieges, both in the county palatine of Lancaster and elsewhere in your realm of England, should enjoy this pardon without suing a charter or writ on this matter. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roy le voet. (fn. iv-94-214-1) | The king wills it. (fn. iv-94-214-1) |
| [memb. 1] | |
| Del rumperie des trieues du roy. | [Amendment of the Statute of Truces]. |
| 31. Fait aremembrer, qe le roy nostre tressoverain seignur, del assent des seignurs espirituelx et temporelx, et al requeste des communes assemblez en ceste parlement, < ad > fait en mesme ceo parlement entre autres, une estatuit en manere et fourme come cecy ensuit: | 31. Concerning the breaking of the king's truces. Be it remembered that the king our most sovereign lord, by the assent of the lords spiritual and temporal and at the request of the commons assembled in this parliament, has made in this same parliament, among others, a statute in the manner and form which follow here: |
| Pource qe le roy nostre soverain seignur ad oiez et conceu la grevouse compleinte de la commune de soun roiaume [editorial note: Altered from 'roiamme'.] en ce present parlement, de ce qe par cause d'un estatut fait en son parlement tenuz a Leycestre, le darrein jour d'Averille, l'an de soun regne seconde, en quel estatut il est contenuz, qe les romperies de trieues, et saufconduitz, et voluntries receite, abettement, procurement, counseil, lower, sustenance et maintenance des rompours de trieues, et saufconduitz du roy nostre soverain seignur, par ses lieges affaires, delors enavant dedeinz les roiammes d'Engleterre, et Irland, et la paiis de Gales, et sur la haut meer, soient adjuggez et terminez pur haut traisone, faite encountre la corone et dignitee du roy: (fn. iv-94-218-1) a cause du quel estatut, combien qe les subgiz du roy soient grevez countre les trieuves, ils n'oosent soy purvoier de remede par voie de fait; pur tant les ennemys du roy nostre soverain seignur, sibien es parties pardela la meer, come en roiaume [editorial note: Altered from 'roiamme'.] d'Escoce, en ount pruis grande courage de grever les foiaux liges du roy, en tuant aucuns de eux, et aucuns en preignant prisouners, et auxi en preignant lour biens et chateux, encountre le teneur des trieuves; sibien sur la haut meer, comme en les marches d'Escoce dessusdit: dont le susdit comune humblement ad supplie nostre dit seignur le roy de remede. | Since the king our sovereign lord has heard and understood the grievous complaint of the commons of his realm in this present parliament that, because of a statute made in his parliament held at Leicester on the last day of April in the second year of his reign [1414] - in which statute it was specified that the breaking of truces and safe-conducts, and the voluntary receiving, abetting, aiding, advising, hiring, supporting or maintaining of breakers of the truces and safe-conducts of the king our sovereign lord, which might thereafter be committed by his lieges in the realms of England and Ireland, or the country of Wales, or on the high seas, should be adjudged amd pronounced to be high treason committed against the crown and dignity of the king - because of which statute, although the king's subjects are injured by the breaking of these truces, they do not dare to take any action to provide themselves with a remedy; (fn. iv-94-218-1) and therefore the enemies of the king our sovereign lord, both in the parts overseas and in the realm of Scotland, have been greatly encouraged by this to injure the king's faithful lieges, killing some of them and taking others prisoner, and also taking their goods and chattels, contrary to the tenor of the truces, both on the high seas and in the marches of the aforesaid Scotland: for which the aforesaid commons have humbly requested a remedy from our said lord the king. |
| Vuillant le roy nostre dit seignur en ce cas et autres toutdis purvoier a l'indempnitee de ses liges et foiaux susdiz, ad declarez en ce present parlement, qe de toutz attemptatz faitz par ses ennemys sur aucuns de ses foialx liges, encountre le teneur d'aucuns trieuves, devant ces heures pruises, en lesquelles n'est pas fait expresse mencione, qe touz marques et reprisailles cesseront, [col. b] mesme nostre seignur le roy, a toutz qi lour sentiront en tiel cas grevez, voet granter marque en due forme, et pariellement ferra nostre dit seignur le roy a touz ses liges, qi se sentiront grevez, encountre le teneur d'aucunes trieuves, qe d'entre lui et aucuns ses enemys serront de novel prises en temps avenir; et a la greindre consolacione de ses ditz foiaux liges, au fin qu'ils purront pluis prestement, et sanz longues delayes avoir remede en ce cas, voet mesme nostre seignur le roy, qe cellui ou ceux qe se sentira ou sentiront grevez, encontre le teneur et forme de tieles trieuves, dedeinz le roiamme d'Engleterre, hors de les susdites marches d'Escoce, ou sur la meer, ou es parties pardela, se compleindra ou compleindront au gardein du prive seel, qi pur le temps serra, qe tiele compleinte oyee et entendue, ent ferra pur la partie compleignante lettres de requeste souz le prive seal en due forme; et si apres tielle requeste faite, la partie requise ne ferra, dedeinz temps covenable, due restitucione ou satisfaccione a la partie grevee, adonques le chaunceller d'Engleterre pur le temps esteant, ferra faire a tielle partie greve, si le voet demaunder, lettres de marque de soubz le grant seal en due forme. Et quant a purveance de remede pur les liges et subgiz du roy, qi se sentont ou sentiront greve en dit roiaume [editorial note: Altered from 'roiamme'.] d'Escoce, ou en Engleterre, es marches adjoignantes au dit roiamme d'Escoce, countre la forme de tielles trieuves, come dessus, le roy nostre seignur dourra poair par commissione as gardeins, sibien de l'estmarche, come de la westmarche vers Escoce, et a chescun de eux, pur oyer les compleintes de toutz yceux de ses liges et subgiz, qi ensi sont ou serront grevez, et pur faire sur ce estre faite requeste, par lettres a bailler a cellui qi ad < ou > avera fait la grevance, ou au gardein de la marche, ou conservatour de les trieuves pur la partie d'Escoce, si se purra bonement faire, ou autrement de faire proclamacione en lieux publiks sur la marche, qe cellui ou ceux qi avera ou averont fait tielx grevances encountre les trieuves, [ent] face ou facent due restitucione ou satisfaccione a la partie grevee, et s'ils ne le facent [point dedeinz] temps convenable, adonqes a l'instance de chescun des liges et subgiz du roy nostre seignur, qi en sente ou en sentra estre grevez en tiel cas, pur donner lettres de marque en due forme desouz les sealx des ditz gardeins, ou desouz le seal de celui de eux a qi la compleinte serra faite en ce cas, saunz difficultee aucune. (fn. iv-94-219-1) | The king our said lord, wishing in this case and others always to provide for the security of his lieges and faithful subjects, has declared in this present parliament that with regard to all outrages committed by his enemies against any of his faithful lieges contrary to the tenor of any truces made before this time, in which it is not expressly stipulated that all marques and reprisals will cease, [col. b] our same lord the king wishes to grant the right of marque in due form to all those who feel that they have been injured in any such case: and our said lord the king will act in a similar way towards all his lieges who feel themselves to have been injured by the breaking of any truces which will be made anew in future between him and any of his enemies; and for the greater comfort of his said faithful lieges, so that they will be able to have a remedy in these cases more readily and without long delays, our same lord the king wishes that any person or persons who feels or feel injured by the breaking of such truces within the realm of England, other than in the aforesaid Scottish marches or on the sea or in the parts overseas, should complain to the keeper of the privy seal at the time and, when such a complaint has been heard and listened to, he will issue for the party making the complaint letters of request on this matter under the privy seal in due form; and if after any such request has been made, the party to whom it has been made does not make due restitution or satisfaction to the injured party within an appropriate time, then the chancellor of England at the time will cause to be issued to the injured party, if he wishes to demand them, letters of marque, drawn up under the great seal in due form. And with regard to the provision of a remedy for the king's lieges and subjects who feel or may feel injured in the said realm of Scotland (or in England, in the marches adjoining the said realm of Scotland) by the breaking of such truces, as has been said above, the king our lord will give power by commission to the wardens both of the East March and of the West March bordering Scotland, and to each of them, to hear the complaints of all those of his lieges and subjects who are or will be injured in this way, and thereupon to cause a request to be made, through letters to be delivered to those who have or will have committted the injury, or to the warden of the march, or to the custodian of the truces on the Scottish side if this can readily be done, or otherwise to make proclamation in public places along the march, that any person or persons who have committed such injuries by breaking the truces should make due restitution or satisfaction for them to the injured party; and if they do not do this within a suitable time, then, at the instance of each of the lieges and subjects of the king our lord who feels or may feel that he has been injured in any such case, to give letters of marque in due form under the seals of the said wardens, or under the seal of whichever of them the complaint will be made to in this case, without any difficulty whatsoever. (fn. iv-94-219-1) |
Appendix October 1416
19 October 1416
Westminster
1
Grant to the inhabitants of the counties of Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland, and of the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, of exemption from payment of the tenths and fifteenths granted in this parliament. By the king. Dated 20-24 November at Westminster.
Source : CPR 1416-22 , 53, 57.