New College
New College Arms
(17) New College stands between New College
Lane and Queen's Lane and the Town Wall. The
walls are of local rubble and ashlar and the roofs are
covered with lead and slates. The college was founded
in 1379 by William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester.
The site was acquired in the same year and the foundation-stone is said to have been laid in 1380; formal
possession was taken of the main buildings, including
the Hall, Chapel and rooms in the Great Quadrangle in
1386. At about the same time the Kitchen and Long
Room were built. The Cloister was consecrated as a
cemetery in 1400 and the Bell-Tower was built at the
same time; the Barn was being erected in 1402. In
1449 a small wing was added E. of the main E. range;
it was given an upper floor c. 1480 which became the
Senior Common Room c. 1675. The hall was panelled
and ceiled in 1533–5 and in the second half of the century attics began to be added to the rooms round the
great quadrangle; these additions were regularly faced
in 1633, but did not give place to the present third
storey till 1674; the parapet concealing the gables was
added still later. The Warden's Lodging was altered
and enlarged at different times in the 16th and following
centuries. In 1682–3 a new wing corresponding to the
Senior Common Room and two ranges N. and S. of the
Garden Quadrangle were built, the contracting mason
being William Byrd of Oxford. A further block to the
S.E. of the S. range was built in 1700 and the corresponding block on the N. side was built in 1707; the
iron screen closing in the Quadrangle was set up in 1711.
About 1718 the windows of the Great Quadrangle were
modernised and fitted with sashes and in 1715 and 1720
the old staircases were replaced; in 1722 the undercroft
of the hall was substituted for former chambers there.
The chapel had been repaved in 1637 and in 1735–40 the
S. windows were reglazed by William Price, Jun.; in
1773–4 the N. windows were reglazed by William
Peckett of York who had previously supplied glass for
the W. window; this glass was replaced by Sir Joshua
Reynolds' design in 1779. The chapel and reredos were
restored by James Wyatt in 1789–94, when the roof was
renewed; under Sir Gilbert Scott in 1877–81 the roof
was again renewed and the reredos completed. The
roof of the hall had been renewed in 1786 and this was
again replaced by a design of Scott in 1865. In 1778
the upper library was refitted. An addition was made
to the S. of the Junior Common Room in 1912 and
additions were made N. of the Senior Common Room;
the Warden's Lodging was altered and enlarged in
1903–4.
Architectural Description—The Great Quadrangle
(177½ ft. by 125½ ft.) is entered by the late 14th-century
Gatehouse (Plate 160) on the W. side and at the E. end of
New College Lane. It is of three storeys with a plain
parapet. The outer archway has jambs of two hollow-chamfered orders and a four-centred head and is fitted
with original oak doors of two leaves with a wicket;
the leaves have two tiers of five panels, nail-studded
and fixed to square and diagonal framing. The first
floor on the W. has two restored square-headed
windows and there are two 17th or 18th-century windows on the floor above; at this level also there are
three canopied niches, the middle one with diagonal
side-pilasters and a cinque-foiled arch under a crocketted
gable; the side ones are shorter and plainer and have
cinque-foiled heads; they contain weathered figures
of the Virgin, with St. Gabriel on the N. and the founder
on the S. both kneeling; the central figure has lost its
arms. The E. face of the gatehouse is generally similar
to the W. but the arch is of one chamfered order and
is not fitted with doors; the figures in the niches are
similar to those on the W. front, but that of the Virgin
has an 18th-century head. The gatehouse itself is of
three bays covered with a stone vault; this has ridge,
diagonal and wall-ribs springing from vaulting-shafts
with moulded capitals and bases; the bosses at the
intersections are carved with foliage, and a rose, a dog
and a human-mask. The room above, now part of the
Warden's Lodging, is lined with late 16th or early 17th-century panelling with Corinthian pilasters and an
entablature; on the W. side is a shield of the arms of
the founder, in a garter; above the fireplace are six
terminal figures. At the W. end of both side walls are
original windows each of two trefoiled lights; these
indicate that the projecting part of the gatehouse
formerly stood free of adjoining buildings. The Ranges
on the E., S. and on the rest of the W. sides of the great
quadrangle, were originally of two storeys; the existing
third storey front was built in 1674 and the embattled
parapet added later. The windows generally are square-headed with moulded reveals, but many of them have
been altered and all of them were fitted with sashes
c. 1718. On the W. side, against the chapel, is an
original doorway with moulded jambs and two-centred
arch in a square head with quatre-foiled spandrels; the
other doorways, where original, have two-centred
heads; between the gatehouse and the chapel there
was formerly a bay-window above the first floor level;
it has been removed but the outline of the coved support is still visible. This formerly lighted the Warden's
study; the N. part was formerly a separate room said
to have been an oratory; it has a loop-light opening
into the ante-chapel and an original window in the W.
wall. To the S. of this window is a doorway with an
elliptical head; the 16th-century fireplace, in the same
wall, has stop-moulded jambs and four-centred arch
in a square head; the overmantel (Plate 19) is of two
bays, divided and flanked by Ionic pilasters supporting
an enriched entablature; the bays have arched and enriched panels enclosing the arms of the founder and
those of Thomas Bilson, Bishop of Winchester (1597–
1616), both in garters. The warden's staircase (Plate
162), S. of the gatehouse, was built in 1675; it is of welltype with turned balusters, moulded strings and rails and
square newels with ball-terminals; the staircase has
been reinforced by posts in 1903–4. The Warden's
Dining Room, further S., has a 16th-century fireplace
with a four-centred arch in a square head. On the first
floor of the staircase are two beams which may have
formed part of the original roof of the range; in the W.
wall of the range, further S., are remains of a stone bay-window of three lights with one light on the returns; it
was built late in the 16th century to light one of the attic
rooms added to the range at that time; the window is
now blocked and only visible externally. At the S. end
of the range the original gable remains with the later
heightening of the S. range built against it; this
heightening is now faced with modern stonework but
below it runs the original parapet string-course with a
series of carved and weathered bosses with masks,
beasts, a rose, etc. As originally arranged the chambers
round the quadrangle were of two storeys, the upper
approached by five staircases; each set consisted of a
large bed-room for four or three beds with as many
small studies opening off it. The sets were remodelled c. 1720 but many of the old partitions were
retained; they now consist normally of a study and bedroom each. The staircase No. 1 in the W. range is of
late 17th or early 18th-century date and the upper
flights have symmetrically turned balusters and square
newels with moulded pendants; the other staircases
are of c. 1720 and have twisted balusters. The rooms
have a certain amount of late 16th and 18th-century
panelling. A room in the S. range off Stair No. 2, has
early 16th-century moulded ceiling-beams and an overmantel (Plate 19) similar to that in the Warden's study
but of three bays and without coats-of-arms; behind
it are parts of a painted design of roses and foliage,
overpainted with a black and yellow pattern. In a
room, off Stair No. 3, is a mediæval niche with a
rounded arch in a square head. In the middle of the
E. range is a passage-way entered at both ends by archways with chamfered jambs and four-centred heads;
the outer one is rebated for doors; the passage has an
original quadripartite ribbed vault of two bays with
bosses at the intersections carved with foliage and two
masks. The Old Bursary, N. of the passage, has a late 15th
or early 16th-century panelled ceiling with moulded
ribs and bosses, either of wood carved with double
roses or of lead with lion-masks. In the bursary are
preserved a late 16th-century achievement of the
founder's arms, and seven 17th-century painted panels
of biblical kings and prophets from the former organscreen; in the S.E. window is a 15th-century glass
roundel with a peewit and motto—"Redde quod
debes". The W. end of the staircase to the N. has a
ceiling similar to that in the bursary, with lead bosses.
On the first floor are the Main Library and the Auctarium, both refitted in 1780; the original windows in
the E. wall of the Library have been blocked by the
addition of the Senior Common Room; on the second
floor are the Upper Library, refitted in 1778, and the
Classical Library. Between the storeys on the E. face
are three achievements-of-arms of (a) George Morley,
Bishop of Winchester (1662–84), (b) Edwin Sandys
(Sandys quartering Barker) and (c) Thomas Ken, Bishop
of Bath and Wells (1685–91).
The Muniment Tower at the N. end of the range is of
late 14th-century date and of four storeys finished with
a plain parapet and pinnacles at the angles. The
ground floor now forms the Treasure-chamber on the S.
and the staircase to the hall on the N. The Treasurechamber has a ribbed quadripartite vault in two bays
springing from moulded corbels carved with male
figures and a head; the pavement has some late 14th-century slip-tiles with arms of the college and paterae.
The room above has similar vaulting, some of the
corbels being carved with half angels; it has slip-tiles
similar to those in the room below. The staircase to
the hall is entered by an archway with hollow-chamfered
jambs and moulded two-centred inner order to the
arch with a label; above it is a partly restored window
of three trefoiled lights with vertical tracery in a two-centred head; the stairs are in one flight with moulded
hand-rails of oak; the ribbed stone vault (Plate 4) is of
lierne or star form and of three bays, with moulded ribs
springing from foliated corbels. The window contains late 14th-century glass shields of the College,
St. George, See of Ely (but with the crowns in pale)
and France ancient quartering England; there are also
later shields, mostly 16th-century, of (a) Archbishop
Warham, (b) Tudor royal arms, (c) Stephen Gardiner,
Bishop of Winchester, 1531–56, (d) Tudor royal arms,
with a label and E.P. (e) See of Winchester, (f)
William Knight, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 1541–7 and
(h) Robert Sherborn, Bishop of Chichester, 1508–36.
The two top storeys of the tower have both a single
room, with a ribbed quadripartite vault of two bays;
the ribs spring from moulded corbels; the pavements
include slip-tiles similar to those in the lower floors;
these rooms are reached by a turret-staircase in the
N.E. angle, fitted with old iron-bound doors. The
windows are square-headed and fitted with iron grates;
those in the third storey on the W. are flanked and
divided by niches similar to those on the main gatehouse; they are similarly occupied by figures of the
Virgin, St. Gabriel and the founder; the head of St.
Gabriel has been re-cut.
The Great Hall (Plate 153) (114½ ft. by 40 ft.) is of
late 14th-century date and occupies the E. half of the N.
range with the chapel to the W. It stands on a basement and is of four bays divided by buttresses and
finished with a restored parapet and pinnacles; the
low-pitched E. gable has a restored central pinnacle
with a niche and a modern figure of St. Michael (the
old figure is now at Trinity College). Each free bay of
the hall has a window of two cinque-foiled and transomed lights with a quatrefoil in a two-centred head
with a label and stops carved with male busts including
a king and bishop; the rear-arches are moulded and
the recesses have window-seats. In the E. bay on the
S. is a doorway with moulded jambs and four-centred
arch in a square head with quatre-foiled spandrels. In
the E. wall of the 'screens' are three doorways and a
staircase, the middle doorway with moulded jambs and
four-centred head and the side ones of similar form with
chamfered jambs. The roof is modern but rests on
moulded stone corbels carved with heads of kings,
queens and bishops. The 18th-century pavement is of
square stones with small black marble squares set in
the angles. The side walls are lined, to a height of
12 ft., with early 16th-century linen-fold panelling with
cornices, restored inscription, cresting and pinnacles;
the cresting is carved with shields supported by cherubs
and roundels with carved heads; the panelling at the
W. or dais end is carried up higher and is finished with
similar cornice and cresting brought forward on a
vaulted cove; the bosses of the vaulting are carved
with masks and foliage and two bear the initials I.L.
(for John London, Warden 1526–42); the upper panels
(Plate 50) are carved, mostly with scrolled foliage,
monsters and strapwork and shields painted with later
arms; eight panels have carved shields of the founder,
Warham Archbishop of Canterbury, Longland Bishop
of Lincoln, Sherborn Bishop of Chichester, Tudor royal
arms and a panel with the Passion emblems; the later
painted shields bear the arms of Francis Edmonds,
1708, John Rawlinson, 1694, Thistlethwaite, Porter,
Sandys, William Rolfe 1658, Roger Stanley 1662, V.
Chernocke, 1795, Guy Wentworth, Cholmondeley
Deering, Francis Page, Robert Sharrock, Henry Penton,
William Thomas 1696, Adolph Meetkirke 1684, John
Bagshall 1712, Walter Holford, 1715 or 1713, Henry
Coker 1731, Rayener Harris, William Bouchier, Barker,
Edward Hooper, Warnford, etc. On the cresting of
this and the panelling of the side walls are painted
shields including the University, see of Winchester, the
founder, the College, the City, etc. The screen (Plate
153) at the E. end of the hall is treated like the panelling
of the side walls; it has two doorways with four-centred arches in square heads and spandrels carved
with a rose or lily and foliage; the back of the screen
has linen-fold panelling and the N. end has been altered
to provide light for the passage. The E. wall of the
passage is lined with linen-fold panelling; the spandrels
over the middle doorway (Plate 8) have elaborate rose
and foliage designs and a shield of the arms of the
college; those over the N. doorway have carved male
figures carrying flagons, etc.; over the middle doorway
is a carving of the royal Stuart arms. The Undercroft of
the hall was originally used as chambers for the chaplains, there being one set to each bay; in 1722 these
chambers were cleared away and barrel-vaults inserted,
springing from a central wall. Each bay on the S. has
a central pointed doorway flanked by square-headed
windows; on the N. side each bay has a central
window of two trefoiled lights, flanked by square-headed windows; the central windows have been
altered to doorways in the end bays and the W. bay
now forms a modern passage.
The Chapel (Plates 151, 160, 161) (102 ft. by 33 ft.)
with Ante-Chapel (80 ft. by 37 ft.) is of late 14th-century
date and is finished with buttresses, a restored parapet
and pinnacles similar to those of the hall. The chapel
is of five bays, each bay of the side walls having a partly
restored window of four cinque-foiled and transomed
lights with moulded reveals and vertical tracery in a
two-centred head with a label; below the second N.
window is a doorway with moulded jambs and two-centred head. The Ante-chapel (Plates 150, 151) is
crossed by arcades of two bays continuing the side walls
of the chapel; the arches are two-centred and moulded
and spring from moulded and shafted piers and responds
with moulded capitals and bases. The E. wall of each
arm of the ante-chapel has a partly restored window of
six cinque-foiled and transomed lights with vertical
tracery in a four-centred head with moulded reveals and
label; the end and W. walls of the ante-chapel have
windows similar to those in the chapel; the western
window in the S. wall is represented only by panelling,
unpierced except by the double loop from the warden's
lodging; in the same bay is a partly restored doorway
with moulded jambs and two-centred head. The central
bay of the W. front has a stair-turret on the N. with a
crocketted capping; the low-pitched gable has a
restored pinnacle and niche with a modern figure of
the Virgin; the great W. window is of seven cinque-foiled and transomed lights with vertical tracery in a
two-centred head with moulded reveals and label; the
internal reveals are carried down to the floor and up
above the window-head to form a segmental-pointed
head; this would appear to indicate an alteration in
design in the course of the work and possibly a first
intention to extend the chapel to the W. with an open
arch; the partly restored W. doorway has moulded
jambs and two-centred arch in a square head with
foliated spandrels; it is flanked by diagonal pilasters
with crocketted pinnacles. The roofs are modern but
rest on moulded corbels carved with the heads of kings
and bishops. The Sacristy and Music Room, N. of the
chapel, were formerly vestries and are probably of the
15th century. The existing features have been restored.
New College
Fittings—Altar: See Brass (15). Brasses and Indents. Brasses: In N. arm of ante-chapel—(1) of
John Rede, S.T.B., warden, 1521, figure of priest in
cope, etc.; (2) of John Yong, Bishop of Callipolis and
warden, 15[25], figure of bishop in mass-vestments
with head and crozier in composition; (3) of [Thomas
Cranley, Archbishop of Dublin and warden, 1417]
figure of archbishop in mass-vestments, with pall, mitre
and broken cross-staff, canopy of three bays with tracery,
crockets and pinnacles, foot and remains of marginal inscriptions, two shields-of-arms of Cranley; (4) of Walter
Hyll, M.A., warden, 1494, figure of priest in cope, etc.,
with initials W.H. on the cope; (5) of Antony Aylworth,
1619, figure of man in cap, hood and gown, shield-of-arms, foot and marginal inscriptions, part missing;
(6) of [Richard Malford, warden, 1403], figure of
priest in cope, etc., with initials R.M. on cope, inscription and scroll missing; (7) to Nicholas Osylbury,
S.T.B., warden, 1453, inscription with indent of figure;
(8) of Geoffrey Hargreve, 1447, figure of priest in
cassock, gown, tippet and hood, with scroll; (9) of
John Lowthe, Professor of civil law, 1427, figure of
man in academic dress of a Doctor of civil law, with
cap and scroll; (10) of John Frye, 1507, half-figure of
priest in mass-vestments with chalice and wafer; (11) of
John Palmer, B.A., 1479, figure of priest in cassock,
gown, tippet and hood, with scroll; (12) figure of
notary in long gown with pen-case and ink-bottle, head
missing, indents of inscription-plate and shield, c. 1510;
(13) of John London, M.A., 1508, figure of priest in
cassock, gown, hood and tippet; (14) of William
Hautryve, Dec. D., 1441, figure of priest in rochet with
slit in front, hood and cap, with scroll; (15) of Walter
Bailey, 1592–3, figure of man in civil costume, with
shield-of-arms, foot and parts of marginal inscriptions,
set in slab with indent of earlier brass and also four
crosses, probably first used as an altar; (16) of Walter
Wake, 1451–2, half-figure of priest in gown and tippet;
(17) of Thomas Hylle, S.T.P., 1468, figure of priest in
gown with slit in front, hood and cap, holding T-cross,
and with scroll; (18) to [Hugh Holes, 1430], scroll
only, with indents of figure, inscription-plate, two
shields and a second scroll; (19) to [Thomas Gascoigne, S.T.D., 1457], shield-of-arms of Gascoyne
differenced, indents of half-figure of priest, inscription-plate and device; (20) of John Desford, J.Can.B.,
Canon of Hereford, 1419, half-figure of priest in cope;
(21) of [Richard Wyard, B.C.L., 1478] figure of priest
in cassock, gown, tippet and hood, holding a T-cross,
lower part of figure loose, and inscription and scroll
missing; (22) of Thomas Flemyng, LL.B., 1472, small
figure in shroud; (23) to William Fryth, S.T.B., 1420,
inscription only visible. In S. arm of ante-chapel—
on W. wall, (24) of Hugh Lloyd, J.C.D., 1601, kneeling
figure of man in gown and hood at prayer-desk with
shield-of-arms. In cloister—on S. wall, (25) to Richard
Dyke, M.A., 1604 or 5, inscription only. See also Monument (2). Indents: In ante-chapel, N. arm, (1) of man
in doctor's cap, inscription and four shields. In
cloister—in N.W. angle, (2) of figure, scroll and inscription-plate; (3) of inscription-plate; (4) of half-figure
and inscription-plate; (5) of inscription-plate. Glass:
In N. windows of chapel—series of apostles and
prophets by William Peckett of York, 1765–74;
tracery lights filled with late 14th-century glass; in the
first window figures of the wise virgins under canopies;
in second to fifth windows similar canopies with figures
of angels, archangels, virtues and powers. In S.
windows of chapel—series of figures of saints, patriarchs, and bishops, eight in each window and set under
Gothic canopies, glass largely the work of William
Price, Jun., 1735–40, but incorporating a considerable
number of earlier pieces including crosier-heads, parts
of canopies, etc., all probably a restoration of the late
14th-century windows and bearing the request for
prayers for the founder; tracery-lights with original
glass as on N. side and the five windows having figures
of the remaining orders of angels, cherubim, dominions,
seraphim, thrones and principalities; figures in third
window and some others restored in the 18th century.
In all windows of ante-chapel except great W. window
is original late 14th-century glass, by Thomas, glazier,
largely in situ but re-set c. 1899; all windows have
large figures under canopies and across the base of each
window is the inscription, more or less complete
"Orate p. Willmo Wykham epo. Wyton. fundatore
istius Collegii". In E. window in N. arm, lower part
of six lights had two Crucifixions with the Virgin and
St. John, no doubt over the two altars below; the
figure of Christ has been replaced in each case as has
the figure of St. Mary in the N. light; here the substituted figure has a background powdered with
crowned Cs; the base of the cross and the mound with
crowned Xs, in the next light, remain, but above is
part of a figure with crowned Es and crowned Cs on
the field; below the cross is a small figure on a pedestal;
the second St. Mary in the fourth light is largely complete and the field has crowned Ms; the crucifixion in
the fifth light retains only the base with the small figure
on a pedestal below; the figure above is made up and
has crowned Rs on the field; the St. John remains in
the sixth light; the upper lights of this window have
figures of apostles, St. Peter, St. Andrew, St. James
(the Great), St. John, St. Thomas and St. James (the
Less) with their names; in the tracery are figures of
angels and a kneeling figure of a bishop. The N.E.
window (Plate 164) contains, in the four lights, figures
from the old dispensation with their names, Jacob
patriarcha, Judas Maccabeus, Moses dux populi Dei,
Aaron summus sacerdos and above the prophets
Zephaniah, Daniel, Jeremiah, and Obadiah with scrolls
bearing extracts from their books; in the tracery are
figures of angels of the order of Dominions. The N.W.
window (Plate 164) has figures of patriarchs and prophets with their names, Mathusale filius Enoch, Noe
qui archam fabricavit, Abraham patriarcha, Isaac
patriarcha, and the prophets Hosea, Habakkuk, Isaiah
and Baruch with scrolls bearing extracts from their
books; in the tracery are angels of the order of Principalities. In the W. window of the N. arm are again
figures of patriarchs and prophets with their names,
Ada.....pater, Eva mater oi~m vive~ciu~. Seth filius
Ade, Enoch translatus and the prophets Jonah, Joel,
Amos and Micah with scrolls as before; in the tracery
are angels of the order of Thrones. The E. window of
the S. arm had two Crucifixions with attendant figures
as in the corresponding window on the N., both figures
of the crucifixion have had the upper parts replaced by
figures from elsewhere; both figures of the Virgin and
St. John remain; in the six upper lights are figures of
apostles, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Simon,
Matthias and Jude; in the tracery are angels and a
coronation of the Virgin. The S.E. window has
figures of saints, in the lower row St. Athanasius, St.
[Bern]ard, St. Nicholas (?) and St. Anselm, with their
names and their crowned initials on the field; in the
upper row are a bishop with the initial D, St. Pelagius,
St. Alphege and possibly St. Germanus, with names
(some damaged) and initials as before; all are vested
as bishops except Pelagius as a pope, Bernard as a
monk and St. Anselm; in the tracery are figures of
Cherubim. The W. window of the S. arm has figures
of a bishop and female saints, in the lower row, St.
B .... a bishop, St. Brigit, St. E ...., St. Elizabeth
(of Hungary ?); in the upper row, St. Mary of Egypt,
St. Martha, St. Mary the mother of James, upper part
of figure replaced by that of prophet, and a queen with
the initial W. but with the name of St. Cuthbert below;
all the figures have names and initials; in the tracery are
figures of Seraphim. The glass in the great W. window
was executed in 1778–85 by Thomas Jarvis from the
designs of Sir Joshua Reynolds. Monuments and Floor-slabs. Monuments: In ante-chapel—on E. wall of S.
arm, (1) to Michael Woodward, S.T.P. warden, 1675,
alabaster, black and white marble wall-monument (Plate
31), with bust of man in Doctor's cap, etc., flanking
figures of cherubs, pediment, achievement-of-arms and
enriched apron; (2) to Thomas Hopper, 1623–4,
alabaster tablet with enriched pilasters, shelf and entablature, enclosing brass plate, with architectural
composition, figures of Aesculapius and Ceres and a
pentagram, designed by Richard Haydock; on the W.
wall, (3) of Richard Traffles, LL.D., Warden, 1703,
white marble tablet with bust and cartouche-of-arms;
(4) of Robert Pinke, S.T.D., Warden, 1647, black and
white marble tablet with bust of man in round-headed
recess, with scrolls, pediment and cartouche-of-arms,
erected 1677; (5) of Hugh Barker, LL.D., 1632, black
and white marble tablet, by Nicholas Stone, with bust in
recess on scrolled bracket, with tablet pediment and
achievement-of-arms above; (6) to John Harmar,
S.T.D., Regius Professor of Greek, 1613, alabaster and
black marble tablet with side-pilasters, entablature and
achievement-of-arms. In cloister—on E. wall, (7) to
James Wither, M.A., 1627, framed tablet; (8) to Giles
Field, S.T.D., 1629, framed tablet; on N. wall, (9) to
Thomas Lydiat, rector of Alkerton, 1646, framed tablet,
cenotaph erected 1669; (10) to John Cowderoy, 1714,
draped cartouche with cherubs and shield-of-arms;
(11) to Richard Edmonds, 1660, tablet with scrolls,
entablature, pediment and cartouche-of-arms; on S.
wall, (12) to Henry Brome, 1667, tablet with consoles,
entablature, pediment and achievement-of-arms; (13) to
Laurence Saintloe, A.M., 1675, oval convex tablet of
alabaster and black marble with cherubs and cartouche-of-arms; on W. wall, (14) to Edwin Sandys, LL.B.,
1684–5, scrolled marble tablet with cherub-heads and
cartouche-of-arms; (15) to Robert Baynham, M.A.,
1669, scrolled tablet with cartouche-of-arms; (16) to
Hugh Barker, 1690, framed tablet with shield-of-arms;
(17) to Josias Calmady, 1701, scrolled marble tablet with
cherub-heads and shield-of-arms. Floor-slabs: In
cloister—E. walk, (1) to Robert Dallam, organ-builder,
1665, re-cut; N. walk, (2) with date 1675; (3) to John
Taylor, 1686; (4) to James [Bewmont], M.B., 1712;
(5) to .... Baynham (?), 1669; (6) to George
Tayler (?), A.B., 1697 (or 67); (7) to William Finch,
1695; (8) to Bartholomew ...., 1668 (?); (9) to
John Philips, 1691; (10) to Matthew Finch, LL.B.,
1665; (11) to Charles Yate, LL.B., 1688, with shield-of-arms; (12) to Francis Noyes, 1679–80, with
achievement-of-arms; (13) to Edwyn Sandys, [1684–
5], with shield-of-arms; in W. walk, (14) to Peverell
Moggs, 1678–9; (15) to John Newman, 1692, with
achievement-of-arms; (16) to Giles Raymond, 1675;
(17) to Josias Calmady, 1701; (18) to Paul Acton,
A.M., 1686–7; in S. walk, (19) to Thomas Bowyer,
probably late 17th-century; (20) to John Pyle, A.B.,
1696–7, with shield-of-arms; (21) to William King,
organist, 1680, with shield-of-arms; (22) to William
Merideth, organist, 1637–8; (23) to M.M. 1640, with
defaced shield-of-arms. Pavement: In chapel—altarpace of white marble; rest of chapel and ante-chapel
paved with pattern of black and grey marble and white
stone, late 17th or 18th-century. Reredos (Plate 161):
Against E. wall, almost entirely modern, but based on
remains found cut back against the wall; parts of backing of upper ranges of panels or niches may be old;
behind altar, range of late 18th-century marble panels,
by Westmacott, replacing and (except in one instance)
reproducing the subjects of the original late 14th-century panels, remains of which are now preserved in
the Music Room; these panels, all more or less
damaged, represent (a) the Coronation of the Virgin,
(b) the Annunciation, (c) the Ascension, rock in middle
with print of feet, (d) the Nativity, (e) the Resurrection.
Screen: At W. end of chapel—modern but incorporating, in lower panels, fourteen panels with trefoiled
heads and foliated spandrels, and doors in two leaves;
each leaf has trefoil-headed lower panels and open upper
panels forming three trefoiled lights with tracery in a
four-centred head and traceried spandrels in an outer
main head; the main mouldings are enriched with
paterae, late 14th-century, partly restored. Sedilia and
Piscina: In chapel—all modern restoration but perhaps
based on remains of earlier work. Stalls: In chapel,
with returns at W. end—largely modern but incorporating late 14th-century misericordes, back stall-divisions
and buttresses between the panels on wall at back; stalldivisions have old moulded cappings, elbow-rests and
bases; the elbow-rests (Plate 43) are carved with a
variety of small subjects mostly foliage with grotesque
heads, monsters, angels, men's heads, dolphin, lionmasks, pelican in her piety, armed man fighting monster,
double roses, woman with garland, and a bishop's head,
probably the founder; the carvings of the misericordes
(Plates 154–159) only are old and are as follows, N. side
—(1) eagle with scroll, eagles at sides, (2) lion's mask,
scallops at sides, (3) man's head with vine-leaves, similar
leaves at sides, (4) king's head, harpies at sides,
(5) ram's head, paterae at sides, (6) man's head with
foliage, paterae at sides, (7) shield of Beauchamp of
Warwick, two shields of Calveley and Curzon (?) at
sides, (8) monster with six heads, small figures at sides
including an exorcism, (9) foliage, foliage at sides,
(10) corbel with double rose, roses at sides, (11) gateway with portcullis, heads in armour at sides, (12)
monster, leaves with faces at sides, (13) mask and
foliage, leaves at sides, (14) foliage, leaves at sides,
(15) Jack and the Beanstalk, giant with animals and
birds, mother and Jack at sides, (16) foliage, foliage at
sides, (17) winged monsters, crowned heads at sides,
(18) rose-tree, garlands at sides, (19) winged beast,
foliage-masks at sides, (20) stag-hunt, leaves and masks
at sides, (21) male mask, with wings, leaves at sides,
(22) seated man in hood, oak leaves at sides, (23) foliage,
leaves at sides, (24) two birds, leaves at sides, (25)
bearded mask, foliage at sides, (26) foliage-mask,
foliage at sides, (27) three-faced man, monsters at
sides; S. side, (1) peacock, peacocks at sides, (2) faun
or centaur with drum, centaurs at sides, (3) mask and
foliage, modern sides, (4) foliage, leaves at sides,
(5) harpy, roses at sides, (6) bearded mask, griffins at
sides, (7) monster, hedgehogs at sides, (8) figure sub
ject of a lecture, doctor at desk, man presenting book
and other attendant figures, man carrying books and
man with liripipe-hood reading at sides, (9) foliage,
foliage at sides, (10) head-corbel, leaves and masks at
sides, (11) foliage, foliage at sides, (12) bearded mask,
masks at sides, (13) foliage, foliage at sides, (14) gateway, portcullis falling on Ewain's horse, gate with
sentries at sides, (15) monkey with hood, lilies and
monkeys at sides, (16) bearded man, foliage at sides,
(17) swan, birds at sides, (18) winged monster, flowers
at sides, (19) bearded mask, foliage at sides, (20) corbel,
architectural features at sides, (21) monster, foliage at
sides, (22) pair of tumblers, flowers at sides, (23) rosebush, roses at sides, (24) foliage, foliage at sides,
(25) foliage, lions' masks at sides, (26) foliage, monsters
at sides, (27) winged demon grasping two women,
cripple and monk at sides; return-stalls, N. to S.,
(1) monster and crouching man with club or mace,
foliage at sides, (2) old woman with distaff and cat,
monsters and mouse at sides, (3) three men fighting,
men with swords at sides, (4) crowned lion with two
bodies, (5) walled city, presumably Oxford, with church,
bishop on bridge and groups of figures at sides, (6)
winged monster, leaves at sides, (7) holly-branch, fleurs-de-lis and foliage at sides, (8) woman's mask, leaves at
sides. In ante-chapel—six ranges of 17th-century stalls
with moulded and shaped cappings, divisions and seats.
The Cloister (Plates 150, 163) (161 ft. by 116 ft.) was
built between c. 1396 and 1400 and is of twelve bays
from E. to W. and eight bays from N. to S., divided by
two-stage buttresses; the gabled roofs are slate-covered;
each bay has a much restored window mostly of three
cinque-foiled lights with tracery in a two-centred head,
with moulded reveals and label; the sixth bay of the N.
and S. sides and the fourth from the N. on the E. side are
varied by having a wider pointed central light carried
down to the ground to form a doorway. The inner
E. wall has two doorways, one, opposite the W. doorway of the chapel, has moulded jambs and two-centred
arch in a square head with quatre-foiled spandrels; the
second doorway opens into the passage to the quadrangle and has chamfered jambs and pointed head. In
the W. wall is a patch indicating the site of a breach
made in 1899. The alleys of the cloister have roofs of
pointed waggon-form with flat rafters and chamfered
plates.
The Bell-tower (20 ft. by 18 ft.) is of the same date as
the cloister and takes the place of one of the bastions of
the city wall; the tower (Plate 150) is of four stages with
an embattled parapet and a S.W. stair-turret rising above
it. The ground-stage is entered by a doorway in the
S. wall similar to the middle doorway in the E. walk
of the cloister; the E., N. and W. walls have each a
window of one trefoiled light; the E. window is blocked
and has been converted into a doorway, also blocked.
The second stage has a similar window in the E., S.
and W. walls and the third stage in all four walls. The
bell-chamber has, in each wall, two cinque-foiled and
square-headed windows with moulded reveals. There
are ten bells as follows—1st, 2nd and 7th by Abraham
Rudhall, 1712, 3rd, 5th, 8th and 10th by Michael
Darbie, 1655, 4th by Abraham Rudhall, 1703, 6th by
Henry Knight, 1672 and 9th by Abraham Rudhall,
1723.
The Kitchen Block stands immediately to the E. of
the great hall and was built late in the 14th century.
The kitchen is approached by a staircase from the
Hall, with old handrails; it forms the E. part of the
range and is of one storey but the W. part forming the
buttery and pantry is of two storeys with a modern
addition above. The kitchen is lighted by two-light
square-headed windows in the N. and S. walls, the
former are modern restorations but the latter are
restorations of some age; in the E. wall is an original
window blocked by a chimney; the fireplaces seem to
have been put in c. 1598 and are now disused. The roof
is of three bays with four-centred arched braces below
the collar-beams and curved wind-braces; it is probably original. The W. part of the building retains
some original framed partitions and there are two
pointed doorways in the S. wall; in the N.W. angle is a
turret-staircase of stone and a doorway with a four-centred head opening into the Beer-cellar. This is of
late 14th-century date and has a central octagonal pillar
with moulded base and capital supporting the ribbed
quadripartite vault; the ribs spring from moulded
corbels against the side walls.
The Senior Common Room building was added, as the
Chequer, to the E. of the Bursary in the E. range, in
1449; the upper storey was added as the Law Library
c. 1480. The lower room became the senior dining-room in the 16th century and the upper room the
senior common-room c. 1674. The exterior has a
restored embattled parapet and windows with 15th-century reveals and fitted with 18th-century sashes; in
the S. wall of the upper storey are two 15th-century
windows blocked with ashlar; they are each of two
cinque-foiled lights and have transoms visible internally.
The Senior Common Room (Plate 165) has a late 15th-century flat-pitched roof, which extends one bay westwards, with moulded ties, purlins, ridge and plates.
The fireplace is of veined marble, with pilasters and
frieze carved with a female mask and swags; the walls
were lined with bolection-moulded panelling in 1678,
with drapery-swags on the frieze and bay-leaves above
the windows and doorways; above the doorway on the
W. is an achievement of the arms of the founder. In the
internal walls are 15th-century recesses grooved for
shelves.
The rest of the buildings on the E. side of the main
block of the original quadrangle and flanking the Garden
Quadrangle (Plate 152) were added either in 1682–3 or in
1700–07; the low block of the junior common-room
was designed to balance the senior common-room and
the rest of the buildings form a symmetrical front
towards the gardens. These buildings have been
partly refaced and are of three storeys with cornices
and embattled parapets; the windows of the ground
and top floors have architraves only but the middle
windows have straight or curved pediments in addition;
the doorways have each a panel above with a cartouche-of-arms; near the E. angles of the inner ranges
are cartouches and achievements-of-arms. There are
cartouches-of-arms above the doorways of the outer
ranges. The staircases have turned balusters in the
inner ranges and twisted balusters in the rather later
outer ranges. There is a certain amount of early 18th-century panelling. Across the open E. end of the
Garden Quadrangle is a wrought-iron screen and gates
(Plate 28), executed by Thomas Robinson of London in
1711; it is of five bays on either side of the gateway and
is in three planes with scrolled standards and cresting;
the central gate has square standards with scroll-work
and crestings finished with rose-sprays; the elaborate
scrolled overthrow has a cartouche of the arms of the
founder; the gates are also scrolled and enriched with
lion-masks.
The Long Room lies to the S. of the S. range of the
Quadrangle just described. It was built late in the
14th century as a common latrine. It is of two storeys,
the lower forming only a cess-pit and the upper
approached by a corridor and staircase at the W. end.
The lower storey was cleaned out in 1880 and adapted.
The original doorway at the W. end of the upper storey
has a restored four-centred head and the side walls have
each five small square-headed loop-lights. The original
roof has king-post trusses, with curved braces under the
central purlin.
The buildings to the W. of the main block of the
original quadrangle mostly form part of the Warden's
Lodging. The block between the quadrangle and the
cloister was built partly when the cloister was added
but the upper storey was not built till 1540–1. To the
S. of the Gatehouse is an irregular range forming the
Warden's kitchen and offices. The kitchen is of much
the same date as the original quadrangle; to the N. of
it was the buttery which was connected with the main
quadrangle building by a gallery in 1574–5; the bridge
over Queen's Lane was added in 1676. The former
small courtyard of the warden's lodging was built over
in 1903–4. The windows are mostly of the 16th
century and commonly much altered; in the N. wall
is a bay-window of this period, on the upper floor; it
is of eight four-centred lights with moulded cornice,
sill and corbelling. The scullery at the S. end is
perhaps of the 16th century and S. of it is a doorway of
1734. Inside the building, the kitchen has an original
doorway with a pointed head and above the modern
fireplace is the three-centred arch of an earlier fireplace;
there is a moulded beam in the ceiling. The room over
the scullery has a 16th-century doorway with moulded
jambs. In the gallery at the N. end is a 16th-century
panelled door and a re-set overmantel of three arched
bays; the walls are lined with panelling of c. 1600 and
the ceiling has moulded beams; in the bay-window
are two glass roundels with the arms of the founder
and Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, also two
17th-century quarries. The bridge over Queen's Lane
has been considerably restored; it is of elliptical form
with four-chamfered ribs springing from plain corbels;
the walls are finished with eaves-cornices and the roof
terminates on the W. in a carved console; the windows
have moulded architraves. The room over the bridge
has a cartouche-of-arms of John Thomas, Bishop of
Winchester, 1761–81, and above the entrance outside
three cartouches of the arms of the college.
The Warden's Barn forms a long range on the S. side
of New College Lane. It appears to have been built
in 1402 and to have consisted of the existing skewed
entrance at the W. end and a large barn next to it,
stables in the middle and lodgings, formerly the brewhouse, at the E. end. The N. wall is of ashlar and unpierced except by one loop, now blocked, by an 18th-century window and two doorways, a small one at the
E. end with a four-centred head and a large opening at
the W. end with jambs and four-centred arch of two
chamfered orders; it is fitted with two-fold doors with
chamfered styles and muntins and a wicket. The S. wall
appears to have been much patched and altered; at the
W. end is the four-centred inner arch of the entrance;
further E. is a wide doorway with chamfered jambs and
four-centred arch, set with the splays outwards and with
two wing-walls added, to swing the doors against; it
seems unlikely that this doorway is in situ; the gable has
foiled barge-boards. The remainder of the front has
various 15th and 16th-century doorways and windows,
one of the windows retaining its original trefoiledheaded lights; the eastern part of the building is of
two storeys. The gabled E. wall has an original
window of two trefoiled lights with enriched cusps in
a square head. The original roof remains and has
king-post trusses.
The site of the college towards Queen's Lane and
St. Peter's churchyard is enclosed by stone walls mostly
of the 14th or 15th century and on the outward side by
the city-wall.
Condition—Good.