| 1 |
In the present account advantage
has been taken of Prof. James Tait's
study of the barony, manor, and borough
in his Mediaeval Manch. published in
1904. |
| 2 |
The 'manor' in the narrowest sense
included the townships of Manchester,
Harpurhey, Blackley, Bradford, and Beswick. At Blackley was the lord's deerpark; at Bradford was a wood, and
another wood was at Alport (within Manchester). The manor was usually understood in a wider sense, the extent of
1322 mentioning seven or eight hamlets—
Ardwick, Openshaw (Gorton), Crumpsall,
Moston, Nuthurst, Ancoats, and Gotherswick; Mamecestre (Chet. Soc.), ii, 371. |
| 3 |
The extent of the manor made in
1282, soon after the death of Robert
Grelley, gives an account of the manorhouse of Manchester with its orchard,
the small park called Aldparc and
Litheak, the park of Blakeley with its
trees and eyries of sparrowhawks, plats
of demesne land at Bradford, Brunhill,
Greenlawmon, Openshaw Cross, the
Hules, Kepirfield, Millward Croft, Samland, and Kipirclip; rents from Denton
and Farnworth, from the water-mill, fulling
mill, and oven of Manchester, from the
burgages, market, and fair there, from the
ploughings near the vill, from Openshaw,
the bondsmen of Gorton, the Hall land
and mill of the same place, the bondsmen
of Ardwick, a plat called Twantirford,
and the bondsmen of Crumpsall; from
the free foreign tenants, sake fee and
castle guard, farm of the bailiwicks (five
foot bailiffs), perquisites of the borough
court and of the manor court, and the
value of the Withington ploughing. Of
all these the value was £84 12s. 6¼d., the
corn-mill alone paying more than onefifth, and the burgage rents and market
and fair tolls nearly one-sixth. In addition the lord of Manchester drew revenues
from Heaton Norris, Barton, Cuerdley,
and Horwich Forest. The clear annual
value of the whole was £124 11s. 8¼d.;
Lancs. Inqs. and Extents (Rec. Soc. Lancs.
and Ches.), i, 244–48. |
| 4 |
Though Thomas Grelley was styled
lord of Manchester till his death, he had
in 1309 transferred to Sir John La Warre
and Joan his wife the manor of Manchester with its appurtenances, the advowsons of the churches of Manchester and
Ashton, all homages, rents, fisheries,
chases, liberties, &c., at a rent of 100
marks to Thomas during his life; Mamecestre, ii, 248–52.
An elaborate extent made in 1320–2
has been preserved. It gives the bounds of
the lordship of Manchester, showing that it
included the whole of the parishes of
Manchester and Ashton except Salford,
with its dependencies of Broughton and
Cheetham; Reddish, Stretford, and Trafford. It is noticeable that the small
portion of Manchester which projects
into Cheetham north of the Irk was then
within the manor; the present North
Street seems to be that called the Causey.
The manor-house and appurtenant land
occupied about two acres; outside the
gate was a house formerly a dog-kennel,
and beyond the stable wall was a plot of
pasture bounded by the Irk and the
Irwell. There were a mill by the Irk at
which the tenants of the vill and adjacent
hamlets were bound to grind their corn to
the sixteenth measure; a common oven;
and a walk-mill. The fisheries were
those of the Irk, Medlock, and Gorebrook, and half of the Irwell.
The free tenants within Manchester
were John Bibby, Robert son of Hugh,
Adam de Radcliffe, and Richard son of
Clement, holding in all 16 acres of land.
Full details are given of the arable land
(being seventy-one oxgangs), heath land,
meadow, and pasture; also the woods,
moors, and mosses, mostly situated in the
surrounding hamlets.
The lord had ten villeins in Ardwick,
Gorton, and Crumpsall; none in Manchester itself, where the burgesses were
relieved of agricultural services. In addition to money rents the villeins had to do
a day's ploughing on the lord's demesne
with their own ploughs, a day's harrowing, a day's reaping in autumn, and a
day's carrying of corn in their own carts;
they had also to carry mill-stones, when
needed, from the quarry to the mill. At
death the lord had a right to a third of the
villein's goods, and in certain cases took a
fine on the marriage of a daughter. Customary services were also required from
the tenants of Withington, though this
was a distinct manor.
The manor was held of the Earl of
Lancaster by five-and-a-quarter knights'
fees, paying £4 2s. 6d. for sake fee and
£2 12s. 6d. for ward of Lancaster Castle;
suit to the county and wapentake courts
had to be compounded for by fines of 20s.
and 13s. 4d. The Manchester court
baron, held from three weeks to three
weeks, was attended by judges from Childwall, Harwood, Pilkington, and the other
subordinate manors of the fee; the lord
claimed toll, team, infangenthief and out-fangenthief; and 'be it known that the
pleas there are impleaded according to the
custom nearest to the common law.'
The value of the whole barony to the
lord seems to have been about £440 a
year; Mamecestre, ii, 273–421.
The liberties of the manor (or barony)
were in 1359 declared to include, besides
infangenthief, peace-breach, &c., those of
the gallows, pit, pillory, and tumbril; ibid.
iii, 449. |
| 5 |
Among the lands of Thomas La
Warre were Hall field and Hardecroft,
specially settled in 1411; also John de
Hulton's Field and Ingelfield, the bounds
of which began at Barlow Cross in the
highway from Manchester to Stanedge,
went by that highway to the lane to Beswick Bridge as far as Shootersbrook,
thence to the head of Dogsfield, and by
the boundary as far as the lane from Ancoats to Manchester, and so to Barlow
Cross; Chan. Inq. p.m. 5 Hen. VI, no.
54. The uses for which these and other
lands were committed to trustees are not
stated. The jury declared John Griffin
to be heir general of Thomas La Warre,
ignoring the half-sister's issue. A number
of notices respecting the lands of Thomas
La Warre may be seen in Dep. Keeper's
Rep. xxxii, App. 337–9, 346; xxxiii,
App. 27–9.
The inquisition after the death of Sir
Reginald West in 1450 has some particulars of the manor, which included the
hamlets of Withington, Denton, Openshaw, Clayton, Ardwick, Crumpsall,
Moston, Nuthurst, Gotherswick, and
Ancoats, as well as a borough commonly
called Manchester of which each burgess
paid 12d. yearly for a whole burgage and
in which there was (or ought to be) a
common oven at which all the burgesses
and residents ought to bake. The fishery
of the Irk, Medlock, and Gorebrook was
the lord's, as well as the Manchester half
of the Irwell. There were two mills, one
a fulling-mill, the other for grain; at the
latter all the burgesses and tenants of the
borough and hamlets ought by custom to
grind to the fifteenth grain. Richard
West, the son and heir, was nineteen
years of age; Lancs. Rec. Inq. p.m. no.
41, 42; Dep. Keeper's Rep. xxxvii, App.
177.
The rental of 1473, printed in Mamecestre, iii, 477–91, shows the sums for
castle ward and sake fee received from
the tenants by knight's service, the chief
rents, tolls, and other rents and dues from
the whole barony, the net total reaching
£131. From Manchester proper the
principal receipts were the burgage rents
£8 0s. 3d., the fair and market tolls
£3 6s. 8d., corn mill £6, fulling mill
£2, rents of Over and Nether Alport
£4 13s. 4d.
In 1503 the manor with its hamlets
was restored by the king to Thomas Lord
La Warre for a year; Duchy of Lanc.
Misc. Bks. xxi, p. 32 d. The will of
Thomas (son of Richard) Lord La Warre,
dated 1505, is printed in N. and Q. (Ser. 8),
iv, 382; it names his sons Sir Thomas,
William, and Owen.
Thomas West, Lord La Warre, was in
1498 called upon to show by what
warrant he claimed to hold Manchester
as a free borough and market town, with
amends of the assize of bread and ale, infangenthief, peace-breach, gallows, pillory,
and tumbril, market and fair, free warren,
and other liberties; Pal. of Lanc. Writs
Proton. (20 Aug. 13 Hen. VII).
An Act of Parliament was passed in
1552 settling the manor of Manchester on
Thomas, Lord La Warre, with remainders
to his half-brother, Sir Owen West, and
to the heirs male of Sir George West,
&c. |
| 6 |
Mamecestre, iii, 523. Lacy was
mortgagee of Sir Thomas West, Lord La
Warre, and his son William West; and
his loan not being repaid he foreclosed
and obtained possession in 1581 or 1582,
being recognized as lord of the manor at
the court leet of April 1582; Manch.
Ct. Leet Rec. i, 225.
It was while the sale was imminent
that Sir John Radcliffe, as deputy steward
of the hundred or manor of Salford,
began to amerce inhabitants of Over
Hulton, Rumworth, Lostock, Aspull,
Harwood, Pilkington, Heaton, Halliwell,
Chorlton, Withington, Heaton Norris,
Westhoughton, and Ashton under Lyne,
in the view of frankpledge held in Salford, on account of their non-appearance.
Thereby Lord La Warre was not able
to pay the rent due to the queen for the
town and manor of Manchester, the inhabitants being illegally compelled to
appear at the Salford leet. Sir Edmund
Trafford, as seised of the town of Chorlton, made complaint about the matter in
1578, and Lord La Warre at the same
time stated that the inhabitants of Failsworth, Droylsden, Ashton under Lyne,
Gorton, and Moston had refused to pay
amercements for absence from the Manchester leets at Michaelmas and Easter;
Duchy of Lanc. Plead. Eliz. cviii, W. 1. |
| 7 |
a Mamecestre, iii, 523, 524; Ct. Leet
Rec. ii, 110. |
| 8 |
See further in the accounts of Withington and other townships. The history
of the family is given in the Baronetage,
in Sir Oswald Mosley's Family Memoirs,
and in E. Axon's Mosley Fam. Mem. (Chet.
Soc.).
Sir Nicholas Mosley died at Withington
on 12 Dec. 1612, holding the manor of
Manchester of the king as of his duchy
of Lancaster by three knights' fees; its
clear value was £40; Lancs. Inq. p.m.
(Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), ii, 4. His
son Rowland, then over fifty-four years of
age, died on 23 Feb. 1616–17, holding the
manor as before, and a capital messuage
called Alport Lodge by the twentieth part
of a knight's fee. Edward, his son and
heir, was not six months old; ibid. ii,
66–70. |
| 9 |
See the account of Withington. |
| 10 |
Manch. Ct. Leet Rec. v, 78, 116;
the dispute over Sir Edward's will lasted
until 1669, so that the first court held in
his widow's name was in 1670. The
courts were held in the names of Charles
(Lord) North and Katherine his wife till
1679, and thence till 1683 in Lord North's
name alone. From 1683 Edward Mosley
was lord of the manor; cf. Axon's
Mosley Fam. Mem. and Earwaker's introduction to Ct. Leet Rec. vi. |
| 11 |
See the account of Ancoats. |
| 12 |
Mamecestre, iii, 530; Sir Oswald
had in 1815 offered to sell the manor to
the inhabitants for £90,000, and rejected
the counter offer of £70,000 made by
them. He died in 1871. |
| 13 |
Printed in Mamecestre, i, 90; Cal.
Chart. R. 1226–57, p. 342. |
| 14 |
Lancs. Inq. and Extents, i, 245, 246.
The burgage rents amounted to £7 3s. 2d.
or 1431/6 burgages. The perquisites of the
court of the borough were reckoned as
worth 8s., while those of the court baron
were worth 100s. |
| 15 |
Cal. Chart. R. 1226–57, p. 56;
Mamecestre, i, 45; the grant was made to
Robert Grelley, who had obtained a preliminary grant in 1222, 'until the full age
of the king'; ibid. 46.
The tolls levied on both buyers and
sellers in 1320 are printed ibid. ii, 316–25.
Besides cattle and poultry, grain and provisions, honey, wax, fish (herring and
salmon being named), and pottery there
were exported linen cloth, coals, bakestones and iron. A burgess was by the
charter free of tolls, unless he used the
stall or shop of a stranger. The profits
of the tolls and stallage were £6 13s. 4d.;
Mamecestre, i, 287. |
| 16 |
A burgess might freely sell land which
he had not inherited, but his heir had a
right of pre-emption; inherited land could,
as a rule, be sold only with the heir's consent. A burgess might sell his burgage
and buy another, or transfer it to a neighbour; if he sold it, wishing to leave the
town altogether, he must give the lord 4d.
He could transfer his personal chattels to
anyone within the fee without the lord's
interference, and in case he had no heir
could bequeath his burgage and chattels to
anyone.
In 1312 Sir John La Warre, lord of
Manchester, granted Thomas Marecall
and John Bibby plots of land in the marketplace 'for a half-burgage'—ad dimidium
burgagium—measuring 40 ft. by 20 ft., at
rents of 6d. sterling each; Manch.
Corp. D. One burgage was called the
Kennel; it was opposite the gates of the
lord's manor house; ibid. dated 1333, 1340,
1345. |
| 17 |
The swine were allowed to go into
the woods freely during summer time, but
not in mast-time. |
| 18 |
A small facsimile of the charter is
printed as a frontispiece to Mamecestre;
the text and a translation are printed in
the same work, ii, 212–39. Professor
Tait has printed the text so as to show its
agreement or otherwise with the charters
of Salford and Stockport, and has given a
commentary and translation, in Mediaev.
Manch. 62–119.
The borough port mote was in 1320 held
four times a year. To its meetings every
burgess was bound to come, either in
person or by his eldest son or his wife; the
burgess, being usually a trader, might often
be absent from the town on business. If
necessary a law mote might be held between
the hall motes for the more speedy administration of justice. The profits of
the port motes and law motes were estimated at 13s. 4d. a year; Mamecestre, ii,
287, 315. The customs of the charter
seem to have been in full force. |
| 19 |
In 1341 it was declared that there
was no city or borough within the wapentake of Salford; Inq. Non. (Rec. Com.),
39.
The record of the inquiry of 1359 is
printed in Mamecestre, iii, 447–50; see
also Dep. Keeper's Rep. xxxii, App. 339,
346. It appears that the officers of the
Duke of Lancaster had fined certain persons in Manchester for breach of the assize
of bread and ale, also for breach of the
peace; whereupon Sir Roger La Warre
put forward his claim to hold the vill of
Manchester as 'a borough and market
town' with amends of the aforesaid
breaches and with various other liberties,
particularly those to 'a borough and
market-town' appertaining. The jury,
after due consideration, reported that Sir
Roger did not hold the vill as a 'borough,'
nor had his ancestors so held it; but they
had, from time without mind, held it as a
'market-town,' enjoying all the liberties
claimed by Sir Roger both in the vill and
in the manor of Manchester. Afterwards
an agreement was come to between the
duke and the lord, the latter agreeing to
pay 50 marks; but this sum was remitted
on 8 Jan. 1359–60, Sir Roger La Warre
having justified his claim.
The names of the burgage-holders in
1473 are printed in Mamecestre, iii, 487–
91. About ninety burgages are accounted
for, and the rents, together with the rents
for the lands in the town, amounted to
£8 0s. 3d. The market tolls were leased
for £3 6s. 8d. |
| 20 |
Tait, Mediaev. Manch. 57. |
| 21 |
The usual heading of the record is
Curia cum visu franci plegii, but in Sept.
1562 it is in English, 'The Portmouthe'
&c.; Manch. Ct. Leet. Rec. i, 75. |
| 22 |
Edited by the late J. P. Earwaker,
and published at the expense of the corporation in 1884 and later years. The
printed series, in twelve volumes, extends
from 1552 to 1687, and 1731 to 1846.
The records from 1642 to 1646, 1666 to
1669, 1688 to 1730 are missing. The
Manchester Constables' Accounts from
1612 to 1647 and from 1742 to 1776 have
also been printed in three volumes. Attention may be directed to the lists of uncommon or provincial words added to
each volume. |
| 23 |
Ct. Leet Rec. i, 1–4. Three sets of
burleymen were appointed for the districts
of (1) Marketstead Lane, (2) Deansgate,
(3) Withy Grove, Hanging Ditch, Millgate, and so to Irk Bridge. Seven sets of
scavengers were appointed to look after the
cleansing of the following streets:—(1)
Marketstead Lane, (2) Deansgate and St.
Mary's Gate, (3) Old Marketstead, (4)
Smithy Door, (5) Fennel Street, (6) Millgate and Hunt's Bank, and (7) Hanging
Ditch and Millgate. The growth of the
town is shown by the increase in the
number of these districts, and the modifications of their arrangement.
Only fifty-four officers were appointed
in 1562, but sixty-six in 1572 and seventy
in 1582; ibid. i, 75, 147, 229. The
number had sprung up to ninety-three by
1601, to 117 in 1661, and to 135 in
1761.
Two or three officers were specially
appointed 'for the making clean of the
market-place'; in 1570 two of them were
women; ibid. i, 134. The same catchpoll was usually re-elected from year to
year; but this officer disappears before
1731. |
| 24 |
Ibid. i, 112. He had to collect the
swine every morning, blowing his horn as
a signal, and take them to Collyhurst;
ibid. i, 114, 117. For an anticipatory
order see i, 15. |
| 25 |
Ibid. i, 158; a fresh order was made
in 1614; ibid. ii, 293; also iii, 163. As
time went on he had assistants provided.
There are many particulars as to his dress;
e.g. iii, 242. |
| 26 |
Ct. Leet Rec. i, 199, 200. Butter
and suet were forbidden to be put into
bread or cakes; ibid. i, 69, 259. Later,
butter and eggs were forbidden in gingerbread; ibid. iii, 320. Breadmakers in
1639 were ordered to sell to innkeepers
and others at thirteen to the dozen, not
at sixteen as they had begun to do. Ibid.
iii, 289. |
| 27 |
In the 16th century, judging from
the regulations for dunghills, privies, pigsties and gutters, the town was unsavoury.
Casting carrion and other offensive matter
into the Irwell and Irk was forbidden;
ibid. i, 67, 80, 122; iii, 60. |
| 28 |
In 1573 collectors were appointed to
gather money for the repair of the conduit, a 'special ornament of the town,'
and bring water to it from fresh springs;
ibid. i, 160. The conduit was in 1586
ordered to be unlocked in the winter
from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m., and in the summer
from 6 a.m. to 9 a.m., and from 3 p.m.
to 6 p.m.; this was the revival of an order
made in 1536; ibid. i, 259. Washing at
the conduit was forbidden in 1586; ibid.
i, 257. |
| 29 |
See, for example, the order to a skindresser, ibid. i, 117. |
| 30 |
In 1461 it was allowed that each
burgage plot should have a clear space of
ground from the house front to the middle
of the channel; to this the lord had no
claim, but the burgess could not build
upon it or close it up, and had to keep it
clean; De Trafford D. no. 49. |
| 31 |
The first presentment recorded is
'that Lawrence Langley hath encroached
upon the king's highway with building of
a house'; Ct. Leet Rec. i, 4; see also 118,
185. Erecting a porch in front of a house
was a favourite practice, but was often
forbidden as obstructing the pathway; i,
185. Stiles were ordered to be erected at
the ends of byways; ibid. i, 22. Leaving
baulks of timber about the streets appears
to have been a common offence; e.g. i,
103. |
| 32 |
See the regulations made in 1568 for
keeping the market-place clean. Horses
were not to be tied there to be fed;
coopers and apple dealers were to pay a
small fee to the scavenger; fish-dealers at
Smithy Door must fix their boards over the
channel; ibid. i, 121. The standing
place of dealers in turnips, besoms, and
straw hats was regulated in 1578; ibid.
i, 201.
By 1593 a second weekly market had
grown up, so that Saturday and Monday
were market days; and ten years later a
smallwares market on Friday was forbidden, but had at last to be allowed; ibid.
ii, 78, 189, 295. |
| 33 |
The law in this matter was kept in
force. In 1582 John Birch alias Crook,
miller, was forbidden to buy any malt,
grain, or corn within the market, and sell
it again in the said market; ibid, i, 232.
The offences were guarded against as late
as 1771; Manch. Constables' Accts. iii,
206. |
| 34 |
An order was made in 1566 that
lawful weights of brass should be provided
and sealed with the town seal; Ct.
Leet Rec. i, 104. The lord of the manor
was requested to provide a standard set for
use in Manchester; ibid. i, 126, 154.
The market-lookers had charge of them;
ibid. i, 256. In later volumes of the
Records will be found numerous lists of
persons fined for using wrong measures. |
| 35 |
See the injunctions to tanners; ibid.
i, 184, &c., and as to wet rug or cotton
in the streets; i, 129. |
| 36 |
Thus, an angry woman was punished
for calling someone 'no honest man' and
'a recetter (receiver) of thieves.' Two
women who had stolen 'chips' from a
house 'contrary to honesty and civil order,
and to the evil example of all good people,' were sent to condign punishment;
afterwards they were to kneel down and
ask mercy from God and the person defrauded. An eaves-dropper was expelled
from the town in 1573; ibid. i, 24, 70,
155. |
| 37 |
The jury in 1573 expressed the opinion
that thirty alehouses and inns were enough
for Manchester; ibid. i, 153. In 1588
complaint was made of the number of
alehouses and bakers in the town; Local
Glean. Lancs. and Ches. i, 127. It had
been ordered in 1560 that no one should
brew or sell unless he had 'two honest
beds' for travellers; in which case he
must hang out a hand as a sign. Those
who had a larger number of beds were also
to show 'a fair and commendable sign'
for the benefit of strangers; Ct. Leet
Rec. i, 60. Further regulations were made
from time to time; no drink or food was
to be sold, except to passengers, during
time of divine service; drunken men were
to be punished by a night in the dungeon;
ibid. i, 151, 161, 185. |
| 38 |
Single women were not to be 'at
their own hands' and bake, brew or
otherwise trade for themselves; nor might
they keep any house or chamber in the
town; ibid. i, 241. 'Inmakes' and
strangers were not to be received as lodgers
unless they had appeared before the constables of the town and given an account
of themselves: this was to prevent the
settling of beggars and idle persons; ibid.
i, 226. |
| 39 |
No one was to pay more than 4d. at
a wedding dinner; ibid. i, 84. This order
was frequently renewed. |
| 40 |
In 1569 the lord of the manor was
requested to make 'a pair of stocks';
ibid. i, 126.
The dungeon was the old chapel on the
bridge. It appears to have had an upper
and a lower chamber; ibid. It remained
in use until 1778, when on the bridge
being widened it was removed. A cage,
or temporary place of confinement, was
also in use in 1590; ibid. ii, 47. The
cross, stocks, and cage are mentioned as
standing near each other in the market
place in 1600; ibid. ii, 163. A House
of Correction existed in 1615; ibid. ii,
335. The Cucking-stool Pool is named
in 1586, and the cuckstool was 'in great
decay' in 1590; ibid. ii, 6, 47, 178.
This instrument of punishment remained
in use till 1775 or later. The pillory or
gallows ordered in 1625 were in use in
the Civil War; ibid. iii, 80, 93,; iv, 64.
Whipping was a punishment used for both
men and women; ibid. ii, 333, 334. |
| 41 |
Two waits were appointed in 1563;
ibid. i, 83. They were to 'do their duties
in playing morning and evening together,
according as others have been heretofore
accustomed to do'; ibid. i, 115. There
were four waits in all, and in 1588 and
later it was found necessary to protect
them from the competition of 'strange
pipers and other minstrels' who came to
play at weddings, &c.; ibid. ii, 29, 163,
164. |
| 42 |
The butts were erected at different
times in Marketstead Lane, and at Collyhurst, also at Alport and in Garrett Lane;
ibid. i, 55, 177, 196; iii, 142. Each
burgess was in 1566 ordered to provide an
'able man' armed with bill, halberd or
other weapon to attend the steward upon
fair days; ibid. i, 100. This entry was
marked out. There is an essay on Manchester Archery in Lancs. and Ches. Antiq.
Soc. xviii, 61. |
| 43 |
No one over twelve years of age was
allowed to play 'giddy-gaddy or the cat's
pallet'; Ct. Leet Rec. i, 205. Football in the
streets was forbidden in 1608 because of
the 'great disorder' it caused, and the
charges incurred by the inhabitants in
'making and amending of their glass
windows, broken yearly and spoiled by a
company of lewd and disordered persons';
ibid. ii, 239. The word 'yearly' should
be noticed. |
| 44 |
Stocks of firewood, gorse and 'kids,'
or bundles of brushwood, were in 1590
ordered to be removed to a distance from
each dwelling-house; ibid. ii, 50, 51; see
also 83, 288. A dangerous fire led the
jury in 1616 to order a lay for providing
ladders, buckets, hooks, and ropes to be
ready in case of any like casualty; ibid. ii,
308. In 1636 the watchmen were engaged to walk the town from 10 p.m. to
4 a.m. in order to discover or prevent outbreaks of fire; ibid. iii, 248. |
| 45 |
The watchman of 1568 had to provide himself with a jack, a sallet, and a
bill at least; ibid. i, 123. It was suspected
in 1578 that the watchmen had been
bribed by gamesters and other evil-doers,
and the constables were exhorted to
appoint none but 'honest, discreet and
sober men . . . favourers to virtue and
enemies to vice'; ibid. i, 195.
The night-watch for protection against
fire and burglary was appointed in 1636;
ibid. iii, 248. |
| 46 |
Those persons who did not send their
swine to Collyhurst in charge of the
swineherd were ordered to keep them
safely in their back premises; Ct. Leet. Rec.
i, 15. Pigsties were not to be placed near
the street; ibid. 50.
Mastiffs and great 'ban dogs' or bitches
were not to go abroad unmuzzled; ibid.
72, 241. This order was frequently
renewed. |
| 47 |
Ibid. iii, 266 (1638). An earlier
payment is recorded in 1613; Manch.
Constables' Accts. i, 9. |
| 48 |
A list of the 'Committee for the
detection and prosecution of felons, and
receivers of stolen or embezzled goods' is
printed in the first Manchester Directory of
1772; see also Procter, Bygone Manch. 99. |
| 49 |
A find of twenty-two 'old Halfaced
groats called "crossed groats" ' was recorded
in 1575; Ct. Leet Rec. i, 171. A stray
mare having remained in the pound a
year and a day became the property of
the lord; three proclamations had been
made; ibid. i, 253. |
| 50 |
Dr. Aikin, writing about 1790,
thought that Manchester's being an 'open
town' was 'probably to its advantage';
Country round Manch. 191. The reason
was that there were no 'such regulations
as are made in corporations, to favour
freemen in exclusion to strangers'; Ogden,
Description. |
| 51 |
32 Geo. III, cap. 69. An earlier Act
(5 Geo. III, cap. 81) had been obtained
for cleansing and lighting the streets.
An abstract of the contract of 1799 for
lighting the town is given in the Directory for 1800; spermaceti and seal oils
were to be used; the lamps were to be
lighted for seven months in the year, and
twenty dark nights were reckoned in each
month. |
| 52 |
The Act was several times amended.
In 1829 the commissioners for the two
townships were definitely separated, and
those for Manchester became a limited
number elected by the different police districts. The following was the method
of government immediately preceding incorporation: The borough reeve and two
constables were elected at the court leet
by a jury of the most influential inhabitants summoned by the deputy steward
of the manor. The duties and precedence
of the borough reeve were similar to those
of the mayor of a borough; the constables
took cognizance of the policing of the
town, having a paid deputy who superintended the day police. The night force
was under the rule of the police commissioners, who also superintended the fire
police, hackney coaches, lighting and
scavenging. The commissioners, 240 in
all, were elected in varying number by the
fourteen districts into which the town had
been divided for watch purposes; the
borough reeve and two constables were
added ex officio. The voters were occupiers
of entire tenements rated at not less than
£16; persons occupying tenements rated
at £28, or owning premises of £150
yearly value, were eligible as commissioners. Eighty commissioners retired
yearly. They were empowered to levy
rates not exceeding 1s. 6d. in the pound.
See Wheeler's Manch. 305–23. |
| 53 |
30 Geo. III, cap. 81. |
| 54 |
The waterworks company obtained
an Act in 1809 (49 Geo. III, cap. 192)
for supplying Manchester and Salford.
The powers were enlarged in 1813 and
several times subsequently. |
| 55 |
This work had been begun in 1777
under an Act for widening several streets
in the centre of the town and opening
new streets; 16 Geo. III, cap. 63. The
highways were regulated by an Act of
1819 (59 Geo. III, cap. 22), each township being thereby made responsible for
its own roads. |
| 56 |
In 1813 a paid stipendiary magistrate
was appointed under a local Act (53
Geo. III, cap. 72), William David Evans,
afterwards knighted, being the first.
A court of requests, for the recovery of
small debts, was established in 1808; 48
Geo. III, cap. 43. |
| 57 |
The town had returned members to
the Parliaments of 1654 and 1656.
The Parliamentary borough of 1832
included not only the township of Manchester but the adjoining ones of Harpurhey, Newton, Bradford, Beswick, Ardwick,
Chorlton-upon-Medlock, Hulme, and
Cheetham. Of these the first three were
not included in the municipal borough of
1838. Two members were allowed by
the Act, and the first were Mark Philips
and Charles Poulett Thomson, elected
13 and 14 Dec. 1832; both belonged to
the Liberal or reforming party.
A third representative was allowed by
the Act of 1867, and at the ensuing election (17 Nov. 1868) a Conservative and
two Liberals were returned. Under the
Redistribution Act of 1884 the boundaries
were enlarged, but the area was divided
into six constituencies, returning one
member each, and called North-west, North,
North-east, East, South, and South-west
Manchester. At the election on 26 Nov.
1885 five Conservatives (including Mr. A.
J. Balfour) and one Liberal were returned. |
| 58 |
The charter is dated 23 Oct. 1838.
For some time there was a dispute as to
its legality. The borough was divided
into fifteen wards, of which New Cross,
St. Michael's, Collegiate Church, St. Clement's, Exchange, Oxford, St. James's,
St. John's and St. Ann's were in the
township of Manchester; All Saints' and
St. Luke's in Chorlton; St. George's and
Medlock Street in Hulme; Ardwick ward
included both Ardwick and Beswick, and
Cheetham coincided with the township of
that name. Each ward had an alderman
and three councillors, except New Cross,
which had a double representation.
The police force was handed over to the
corporation in 1842, and in the following
year the commissioners' powers were transferred to it; 6 & 7 Vict. cap. 17. |
| 59 |
By Letters Patent 29 Mar. 1853. |
| 60 |
No change was made between 1838
and 1885, in which year Bradford, Harpurhey, and Rusholme were added to the
municipality by the City Extension Act,
1885. In 1890 Blackley, Moston, Crumpsall, Clayton, Kirkmanshulme, Newton
Heath, Openshaw and part of Gorton
were included; City of Manchester Order
1890. Lastly, in 1904, Moss Side, Withington, Chorlton with Hardy, Burnage
and Didsbury were added.
In 1896 the townships then in the
borough were consolidated into three—
Manchester, North Manchester, and South
Manchester—the old township boundaries
being obliterated. The first was the
old township of Manchester, the second
was formed of the old townships of
Beswick, Bradford, Clayton, Kirkmanshulme, Newton Heath, Harpurhey,
Blackley, Moston, Crumpsall and Cheetham; the third, of the old townships
of Ardwick, Chorlton-upon-Medlock,
Hulme, Rusholme (including parts of Moss
Side and Withington), Openshaw and
West Gorton. Two of these townships
were modern, created in 1894, Clayton
having been the western part of Droylsden and West Gorton of Gorton. |
| 61 |
The present wards are: Collegiate
Church, from the church north-eastwards
and south to Lever Street and Piccadilly;
Exchange, south of the former, including
the old market-place but not the Exchange
building; New Cross, between Oldham
Road and the Medlock, including the
eastern part of Ancoats; St. Michael's,
between Oldham Road and the Irk; St.
Clement's, between Piccadilly and Great
Ancoats; Oxford, touching the Medlock,
and including Gaythorn; St. James's, including the Town Hall, Infirmary and
Central Station; St. Ann's, including the
church of that name, the Free Library and
Exchange building; St. John's, the corner
between the Irwell and Medlock. The
above nine are all within the township of
Manchester, part of which (Collyhurst) is
included with the old township of Harpurhey to form the Harpurhey Ward.
Medlock Street and St. George's Wards
are the east and west portions of Hulme;
St. Luke's and All Saints' of Chorltonupon-Medlock. Ardwick coincides with
the former township; Bradford includes
Beswick, Bradford and Clayton; Chorlton
with Hardy, Withington, and Didsbury
are formed from the townships so named
and Burnage, with certain adjustments of
boundaries; Moss Side East and West are
the divisions of Moss Side; Openshaw
and Rusholme coincide with those townships; Longsight is formed from Kirkmanshulme and part of West Gorton, the
rest of the latter township being St. Mark's
Ward; Newton Heath and Miles Platting
are the east and west portions of Newton;
Blackley and Moston includes those townships and part of Prestwich (added in
1903); Crumpsall and Cheetham coincide with the old townships.
Each ward has an alderman and three
councillors, except New Cross, which has
six councillors. There is also an alderman not attached to any particular ward. |
| 62 |
Hibbert-Ware, Manch. Foundations,
iii, 8, &c. |
| 63 |
Mosley, Fam. Mem. 43; the feoffees
of the school prosecuted Sir Oswald
Mosley in 1732 for having erected a
malt mill in Hanging Ditch, and won
their case. See Axon, Annals, 82; Hibbert-Ware, op. cit. 35–42, where particulars of many suits may be seen. |
| 64 |
32 Geo. II, cap. 61. |
| 65 |
In 1783 the three mills were employed thus: The upper one, by Scotland
Bridge, used for grinding malt; the central one, let as a corn mill; the lower
one, near the college, let as a frieze and
fulling mill, with a snuff manufactory
attached; Ogden, Description. |
| 66 |
There was formerly (1766 onwards)
a windmill in Deansgate, Windmill Street
denoting its position; Procter, Manch.
Streets, 131. |
| 67 |
See Ogden's Description. |
| 68 |
Mosley, Fam. Mem. 60–63; Axon,
Annals; Manch. Guardian N. and Q.
no. 1276. The market was discontinued
in 1803. |
| 69 |
In 1790 and 1791 the lord of the
manor brought actions to establish his
claim to a Saturday market for flour, oatmeal, &c.; Axon, Manch. Annals, 117
118.
In 1806 he sought to compel two
persons to undertake the office of constable; they pleaded that they had obtained the conviction of someone for a
capital offence—such offences were then
very numerous—and judgement was given
in their favour. Such certificates as they
exhibited were called 'Tyburn tickets';
ibid. 136. |
| 70 |
Mosley, Fam. Mem. 77. |
| 71 |
9 & 10 Vict. cap. 219 and 10 Vict.
cap. 14. 'Butchers and fishmongers were
empowered to sell in their private shops
upon taking out an annual licence from
the corporation; and by the schedules to
the Act the maximum rates of tolls, stallage, and rent to be paid in respect of
goods sold in the market and for space
occupied therein were definitely fixed';
Axon, Annals. It was afterwards held
that the Act had created an entirely new
market; ibid. 391. |
| 72 |
Ibid. 398. |
| 73 |
Smithfield Market, Shudehill, built
in 1822, was covered over in 1854. A
wholesale fish and game market was
opened in 1873. Knott Mill Market, on
the old fair ground, was begun in 1877.
For a notice of the older market-places
see Baines, Lancs. (ed. 1868), i, 389;
also Manch. and Salford Official Handbook. |
| 74 |
The lighting of the town by oil
lamps was not always satisfactory; see
Aikin, Country round Manch. 192. The
commissioners of police, it is stated, first
established gas works in Water Street,
near St. Mary's Church in 1817, and soon
afterwards built additional works in St.
George's Road (Rochdale Road); Baines,
Lancs. Dir. (1825), ii, 155. Gas Acts
were passed in 1824, 1830, &c.; 5 Geo.
IV, cap. 133; 9 Geo. IV, cap. 117.
The works have thus always been in the
hands of the town authorities. |
| 75 |
The water supply, until a century
ago, was derived from wells, the rivers,
and the conduit. In 1816 there was only
one draw well, and that was kept locked
except when in use; two springs in Castle
Field had the best reputation for their
water; next came the water from a pump
in College Yard. Ordinary dwellinghouses had cisterns for rain water; Aston,
Manch. 3, 4.
A company was formed in 1809 to
supply Manchester and Salford. It purchased the lord of the manor's rights and
formed a reservoir at Beswick, and in
1826 two others at Gorton and Audenshaw. Stone pipes were used at first but
about 1817 iron pipes replaced them; ibid.
Baines, Lancs. Dir. ii, 155. Acts were obtained for further powers in 1813, 1816,
&c. In 1847 the corporation obtained
power to supply the borough with water,
and in 1853 the old company was dissolved. The great Woodhead reservoirs
were then constructed; Bateman, Manch.
Waterworks. |
| 76 |
The area now supplied by the corporation includes the old parishes of Manchester (except one or two townships),
Eccles, Flixton, and part of Prestwich.
Thirlmere water may also be supplied to
Wigan, Chorley, Preston, and Lancaster. |
| 77 |
The first tramways were opened
in 1877. |
| 78 |
The first free library was opened in
1852 in a building previously known as
the Hall of Science, Campfield, erected
in 1839. The reference department was
transferred to the old town hall in King
Street in 1878. There are in Manchester branch libraries in Deansgate, opened
1882; Ancoats, 1857; and Livesey
Street, 1860; also a reading-room at
Queen's Park, 1887. A History of the
libraries by W. R. Credland was issued in
1899. A quarterly Record is published. |
| 79 |
There is a municipal museum at
Queen's Park, Collyhurst, opened in
1884. The Manchester Museum at the
University receives an annual grant from
the corporation. |
| 80 |
The building and contents of the
Royal Manchester Institution were in
1881 acquired by the corporation in trust
for the public; there is a permanent collection of pictures and works of art, and
yearly exhibitions also are held. |
| 81 |
a The school of technology was begun in 1895 and opened in 1902. |
| 82 |
In 1282 a 'small park' called Aldeparc and Litheak was valued at 33s. 4d. a
year for herbage and pannage; Lancs. Inq.
and Extents, i, 244. In 1322 there were
at Alport 30 acres of heath, worth 30s. a
year; 2 acres of meadow and 20 acres of
pasture, worth 13s. 4d.; the wood there,
a mile in circumference, might be made
pasturage at the lord's will, and was worth
only 6s. 8d. a year in pannage, honey,
eyries of hawks, &c., but the gross value
of the timber was £300; Mamecestre, ii,
363, 367, 368.
There were timber trees in Alport Park
in 1597; Ducatus Lanc. (Rec. Com.), iii,
382. |
| 83 |
In 1430 Lord La Warre granted
Over Alport to Master John Huntington
and Thomas Phillip at a rent of 30s., increasing to 40s.; Hulme D. no. 97. Six
years later he and the feoffees granted
Nether Alport to Huntingdon; ibid. no.
80. A new feoffment of both parcels
was made by Huntington's trustees in
1463; ibid. no. 85, 86. In 1473 Nicholas
Ravald, chaplain, held the pasture called
Over Alport at a rent of £2; and the
warden of the church held the park called
Nether Alport at a rent of £2 13s. 4d.;
Mamecestre, iii, 484. |
| 84 |
See the account of St. James's
chantry. |
| 85 |
Pat. 3 Edw. VI, pt. 11. The family
had previously held lands at Alport of Lord
La Warre; Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. v, 68.
Henry, Earl of Derby, lived at Alport
Lodge in 1579; Ct. Leet Rec. ii, 75. |
| 86 |
It appears that William, Earl of
Derby, in 1599 granted to Sir Randle
Brereton for a term of 2,000 years the
lodge in Alport Park, the park itself, or
impaled land, and the remainder of his
estate there. The lands were in the same
year transferred to Thomas Ireland of
Gray's Inn, and by him to Edward Mosley
of the same inn, Adam Smith, and Oswald
Mosley of Manchester. The joint purchase was afterwards divided, for Oswald
Mosley's son Samuel in 1626 sold his
portion to George Tipping; deeds copied
by J. Harland. Another portion was by
Oswald's will held by Rowland Mosley;
Manch. Ct. Leet Rec. iii, 129.
Rowland, the son of Sir Nicholas Mosley, lord of Manchester, perhaps acquired
his brother Edward's share, for he died in
1617 seised of Alport Lodge, with land,
meadow, and pasture in Alport Park, held
of the king by the twentieth part of a
knight's fee; Lancs. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.
Lancs. and Ches.), ii, 66, 69. Edward Mosley, a successful lawyer, attorney-general
for the duchy, was made a knight in 1614,
and purchased the manor of Rolleston in
Staffordshire; he died in 1638, and left
his estates to Rowland's son Sir Edward;
Mosley, Fam. Mem. 13, 14.
Adam Smith, the other purchaser, was
in 1600 ordered to make a ditch along
the nearer Alport field; Manch. Ct. Leet
Rec. ii, 156.
In 1620 the jury found that John
Gilliam had purchased lands at Alport of
Thomas Owen; ibid. iii, 23.
Robert Neild of Manchester, attorney,
whose chief estate was at Warrington,
held lands in Deansgate and Alport in
Manchester at his death in 1631. He
left four infant daughters as co-heirs—
Anne, Mary, Ellen, and Katherine; ibid.
iii, 179; Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. xxv,
29. |
| 87 |
Mamecestre, ii, 371. It has never
been a separate township. |
| 88 |
Lancs. Inq. and Extents, i, 56; the
name is spelt Einecote. The charter giving 'the whole land of Ancoats,' with
common of pasture and other easements
of the vill of Manchester, and right of
way beyond Staniford to Green Lane, is
copied in the Black Book of Clayton
(Byron Chartul.) no. 79/237. A John de
Ancoats occurs before 1182; Final Conc.
(Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 219.
Ralph de 'Hanekotes' was living in 1242;
Lancs. Inq. and Extents, i, 153. John de
Ancoats, son of Robert de Manchester,
also is named; Booker, Birch, 186.
Most of the deeds referred to will be
found in Harland's account of Ancoats in
Manch. Coll. i, 69. |
| 89 |
The Byron lands seem to have been
derived partly from the Chadderton family,
and partly from the Ancoats family. In
the Byron Chartulary referred to are
grants from Henry de Ancoats to Robert
son of Simon de Manchester (no. 87/242),
to Alexander the Dyer of Manchester
(no. 14/313), to Geoffrey de Chadderton
and Joan his wife (no. 26/315), to Ellen
his sister with remainder to Geoffrey and
Joan (no. 30/243), and to Henry de Trafford (no. 31/245); these are dated between
1295 and 1305. Adam son of Richard,
the son-in-law of Roger de Manchester,
gave half of Broad Green to Geoffrey de
Chadderton and Joan (no. 25/314), while
Robert son of Simon de Manchester gave
all his land in Ancoats to Henry son of
Henry de Trafford (no. 27/244), and
Robert son of Robert son of Simon de
Manchester made a grant to Alexander
the Dyer (no. 82/312). Geoffrey and Joan
received other land from Thomas son of
Geoffrey son of Simon Cocks of Manchester in 1305 (no. 28/216), and in 1317
Geoffrey de Chadderton of Chadderton
granted all his land in Ancoats and Manchester to his son Richard (no. 4/317).
This Richard was tenant in 1320, but his
rent was only 9d.; Mamecestre, ii, 278.
The lord of Ancoats had at that time
common of turbary in Openshaw; ibid.
ii, 291.
It does not appear how this portion
came to the Byrons, but in 1331 Henry
son of Robert de Ancoats leased all his
hereditary holding to Sir Richard de
Byron, and in the following year sold it
outright, together with the reversion of
the dower lands held by his mother
Agnes; Byron Chartul. no. 3/238, no.
4/239.
In 1473 John Byron held a moiety of
two messuages and two oxgangs in Ancoats in socage by a rent of 3s. 4d.—a
moiety of the rent of 1212—and was
bound to grind his corn at the Manchester
mill; Mamecestre, iii, 482.
Thomas de Hollinworth the elder seems
to have been a Byron tenant in 1405,
when he made a grant to Hugh his son;
Hugh made a feoffment of his estate in
Ancoats in 1433; Byron Chartul. no.
3/318, 22/319. |
| 90 |
Some grants to the Traffords have
been mentioned in the preceding note.
Henry de Trafford in 1320 had land in
Ancoats, joined with his holding of five
oxgangs in Chorlton; its separate rent
appears to have been 9d.; Mamecestre, ii,
278. He and Richard de Chadderton
were bound to grind at the mill of Manchester.
In 1373 Sir Henry de Trafford granted
in fee to John son of Nicholas de Trafford all the lands, &c., which John then
held for life; and a release was given in
1402; De Trafford D. no. 84, 85.
In 1473 Bartin Trafford held messuages,
apparently in Ancoats, by a service of
3s. 4d.; Mamecestre, iii, 482. |
| 91 |
It was found in October 1610 that
Ralph Kenyon had purchased of Sir Edward Trafford a messuage within the
town of Manchester called The Ancoats,
for which an annual service of 3s. 4d.
was due to the lord; Manch. Ct. Leet Rec.
ii, 256. The purchaser was still living at
Ancoats in 1631; ibid. iii, 180. |
| 92 |
There is an account of the Mosleys
of Ancoats in Mosley Memoranda (Chet.
Soc. New Ser.). For Anthony see also
Mosley, Fam. Mem. 22, 23; and
Manch. Ct. Leet Rec. ii, 225, where an
abstract of his will is given. He several
times acted as a constable of the borough.
For the Mosley brasses see Lancs. and
Ches. Antiq. Soc. xi, 82. |
| 93 |
Mosley, op. cit. 25. He purchased
Ancoats from Sir John Byron in 1609;
Mosley Mem. 16. He acquired lands in
Cheshire through his marriage with Anne
daughter and co-heir of Ralph Lowe of
Mile End near Stockport. A rental of
Ancoats in 1608 shows a total of
£39 16s. 6d. Adam Smith and John
Ashton appear to have had an interest in
a fourth part of the fields, which measured
48 acres. The field-names included the
Hollin Wood, the Eyes, the Banks, &c.
Other surveys, &c., will be found op. cit.
31, &c.
Oswald Mosley was steward of the
Court Leet from 1613 until 1618; Manch.
Ct. Leet Rec. ii, 278, &c. The inquisitions taken after his death describe his
estate as a messuage called Ancoats, held
of the lord of Manchester in socage by a
rent of 3s. 4d. yearly; a capital messuage
in Millgate, held of the same by a rent of
3s. 1d.; two messuages in Clayden; also
two in Beswick, lately belonging to Beswick's chantry. Nicholas was his son
and heir. Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. xxv,
27; xxviii, 83. |
| 94 |
Manch. Ct. Leet. Rec. iii, 197. He
was borough reeve in 1661–2; ibid. iv,
327. |
| 95 |
Royalist Comp. Papers (Rec. Soc.
Lancs. and Ches.), iv, 199, 200; Civil
War Tracts (Chet. Soc.), 16. |
| 96 |
At the Coronation rejoicings in 1661
Nicholas Mosley, 'a sufferer for his late
Majesty,' as captain of the auxiliaries
raised in the town marched into the field
with his company, numbering above 220
men, 'most of them being the better sort
of this place, and bearing their own arms,
in great gallantry and rich scarfs'; Manch.
Ct. Leet Rec. iv, 282. He had in 1653
published Psychosophia; ibid. note. In
1664 a pedigree was recorded by him;
Dugdale, Visit. (Chet. Soc.), 213. There
is a notice of him in Dict. Nat. Biog. |
| 97 |
Mosley, Fam. Mem. 39. |
| 98 |
Ibid. 40, 41. A number of references to disputes between Oswald Mosley and the Blands will be found in
Exch. Dep. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.),
94, &c. |
| 99 |
Family Mem. 41–9. Here is recorded
a tradition that the Young Pretender had
early in 1745 stayed incognito at Ancoats,
visiting Manchester every day in order to
see Jacobite sympathizers and arrange for
the invasion. |
| 100 |
Ibid. 49–50. The would-be purchaser of Manchester was Mr. Egerton
of Tatton. |
| 101 |
Ibid. 51–4; many examples of his
peculiarities are narrated. |
| 102 |
Fam. Mem. 54–75. The heir was,
as previously stated, his grandson Sir Oswald Mosley, the compiler of the Memoirs
cited, who sold the manor of Manchester
to the corporation. His father Oswald,
eldest son of Sir John Parker Mosley,
purchased Bolesworth Castle in Cheshire
in 1785, where he died in 1789. |
| 103 |
a Axon, Mosley Mem. 31. |
| 104 |
N. and Q. (Ser. 5), v. 138. |
| 105 |
Among the grammar school deeds
are the following concerning the family:—
1428, Feoffment by John Oldham of
Manchester of a burgage in the Millgate, received from William the
Goldsmith of Manchester.
1462, Purchase of various messuages
and lands in Ancoats by Roger Oldham from William son and heir of
John Dean; Alice the widow, and
Roger (chaplain) and Henry, the other
sons of John Dean, released their right,
as did John son of John Talbot, esq.
1471, John son and heir of Henry
Chadkirk sold a burgage in Millgate
to Roger Oldham (endorsed, 'Usher's
house').
1472, Roger Oldham having died intestate, administration was granted
to Ellen his widow, Peter and Bernard his sons. (Ellen was no doubt
a second wife, for the obits to be
kept by the appointment of Bishop
Oldham included those of Roger
Oldham and Margery his wife).
1473, William Dean released to James,
son and heir of Roger Oldham,
all his right in the Ancoats estate;
in 1477 he gave a similar release to
the widow Ellen. (In the rental of
1473 a burgage in Manchester was
held by 'the heir of Roger Oldham';
Mamecestre, iii, 490.)
1475, James Oldham granted all the
lands in Ancoats to his brother Hugh,
who at that time was living at Durham. (From all the circumstances
it is clear that this was the future
bishop and benefactor. The Bishop
of Durham at that time was Lawrence Booth, of the Barton family,
and Hugh would probably be one of
his clerks or chaplains.)
1494, Lease of a walk mill and the
Walker's croft near Millgate in
Manchester from Lord and Lady La
Warre to Hugh Oldham, clerk; also
a field called the Heath, in the occupation of John Bradford.
1495, Giles Hulton of Manchester released to Hugh Oldham, clerk, a parcel of land on the east side of the
Irk, adjoining the Hopcroft (which
he had received on lease in 1487).
1505, William Oldham, clerk, granted
to Adam Oldham all his lands in
Lancashire.
1514, Bernard Oldham, archdeacon of
Cornwall, made a feoffment of his
lands in Manchester and Ancoats for
the fulfilment of his will. (He was
no doubt trustee of his brother the
bishop, and in the following year the
lands were granted to the school
then founded).
The estate, a third part of Ancoats, has
proved a most valuable portion of the
endowment. A partition of the land was
made early in the 17th century; Axon,
Mosley Mem. 31. |
| 106 |
In 1493 the university allowed five
years in arts and four in civil and canon
law at Oxford to suffice for Mr. Hugh
Oldham's entry in laws at Cambridge;
Grace Bk. B. (Luard Mem.), 54, 55. |
| 107 |
Hugh Oldham's first known preferment was a canonry at St. Paul's in 1475;
Le Neve, Fasti, ii, 418. Many others
followed. In addition to Manchester
school he was a great benefactor to Corpus
Christi College, Oxford, and desired to be
buried there in case he should die at a
distance from Exeter. His will (19 Ayloffe) is chiefly concerned with the endowment of his chantry and other religious
and charitable bequests; among others he
wished his obit to be kept at Durham
College in Oxford and at the college church
of Manchester, where the warden or his
deputy was to receive 3s. 4d., each vicar
12d., each priest and clerk of the church
8d., and each chorister 4d.
Bernard Oldham, his brother, was made
Archdeacon of Cornwall in 1509; Le
Neve, op. cit. i, 399. In his will (P.C.C.,
24 Hodder) he styles himself not archdeacon but 'Treasurer and canon residentiary of the Cathedral Church of Exeter.'
He names his brother 'my lord and brother' Hugh, Bishop of Exeter. Several
kinsmen are named, but only the bishop
was an Oldham. He does not refer to
any landed estate; note by Mr. E. Axon.
Biographies of the bishop may be seen
in Wood's Athenae; Cooper, Atbenae
Cantab. i, 21; Dict. Nat. Biog.; HibbertWare, Manch. Foundations, iii, 3–7, where
there is a refutation of the statement that
he died excommunicate. |
| 108 |
Dugdale, Visit. 224; it gives the
generations thus:—Adam –s. Robert
(aged 80 in 1664) -s. Adam (d. 1652) -s.
Robert (aged 29) -s. Adam (aged 3).
Probably descended from this family was
Charles James Oldham of Brighton, who
in 1907 left the grammar school £10,000,
only because of his kinship with the
founder.
In a preceding note will be found mention of an Adam Oldham living in 1505;
he was probably the heir of James Oldham, eldest brother of the bishop. Robert
and Hugh Oldham are frequently mentioned in the Ct. Leet. Rec. of 1552 and
later; Robert died in 1578 or 1579,
leaving a son Adam, of full age (ibid.
i, 204), no doubt the Adam who heads
the recorded pedigree, in which his kinship to the bishop is asserted. He died
22 June 1588, holding a messuage, &c.,
in Manchester of the queen by the hundredth part of a knight's fee; he left a
son and heir Robert, aged four years, and
daughters named Elizabeth, Cecily, Ellen,
and Margaret; Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m.
xiv, 31. His will, proved in July 1588,
mentions his 'brothers' John and Francis
Wirrall, Robert and Hugh Oldham, cousins
Robert, Edmund, Roger, and Hugh Oldham, sister Elizabeth Oldham, and mothersin-law Isabel Oldham and Elizabeth
Wirrall (the former would be his stepmother); see Ct. Leet Rec. ii, 222. |
| 109 |
Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. vii, 30;
the tenure is not stated. It was held
with lands in Chorlton and Ardwick. |
| 110 |
Garrett appears always to have been
closely connected with Chorlton-uponMedlock, as will be seen in the account
of Robert and John Grelley's estate in
the latter township.
Sir Henry de Trafford, after purchasing
the estate just named, appears to have
granted part at least to a younger son
Thomas; the gift of Gatecote field in
1373 has been preserved; Ct. of Wards
and Liveries, box 146D/8; the seal of the
grantor shows three bendlets.
Thomas died in 1410 holding lands in
Chorlton, probably including Garrett;
and leaving a son and heir John, whose
wardship and marriage were granted to
Sir Ralph de Staveley, in the mistaken belief that the lands were held of the king;
Lancs. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), i, 96, 97.
Margery, the mother of the heir, was
living.
John died in 1412 being only twelve
years of age, and his heir was his brother
Henry. Henry likewise dying young,
another brother, Thomas, became the
heir. The estate was (in part at least)
six messuages, 100 acres of land, &c., in
Chorlton; Lancs. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.),
ii, 16; see also Dep. Keeper's Rep. xxxiii,
App. 27, 34. Thomas proved his age in
1433; he was born in 1408; Lancs. Inq.
p.m. ii, 37. The descent Thomas -s.
Thomas -s. Henry (living 1461) is given
in Ct. of Wards and Liveries, box
13A/FD10.
Ellen widow of John Trafford of Ancoats in 1418 granted to Anne wife of
Sir John Ashton and to Ralph Ashton
all her lands in Lancashire; Dods. MSS.
cxlii, fol. 161, no. 2.
Henry, as son and heir of Thomas
Trafford, held the estate in 1473; it
included Eleynfield, Dogfield, and Gatecotefield, held by the ancient rents of 4s.
and 2s.; Mamecestre, iii, 482; Manch. Ct.
Leet Rec. i, 109.
The family were related to Bishop
Oldham, as may be inferred from the
direction in the foundation deeds of his
grammar school that the souls of Henry
Trafford and Thomasine his wife, George
Trafford of the Garrett and Margaret his
wife, were to be prayed for after the
founder and his relatives.
George Trafford of the Garrett (living
1525, dead in 1542) married in or before
1509 Margaret daughter of Ralph Hulme,
and had a son Ralph, who died about the
end of 1555, leaving five sisters as coheirs: (1) Jane, represented (probably by
purchase) by Gilbert Gerard, afterwards
Master of the Rolls; (2) Isabel wife of
Thomas Legh of High Legh; (3) Alice,
unmarried; (4) Anne wife of Richard
Shallcross, then of Hugh Travis, and later
of John Marler; (5) Thomasine wife of
Randle Clayton; see Manch. Ct. Leet.
Rec. i, 22, 25, 44, and Mr. Earwaker's
notes; Duchy Plead. (Rec. Soc. Lancs.
and Ches.), ii, 155; iii, 195; also Pal.
of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 19, m. 106, for
the division. Several of the charters are
among the Anct. D. (P.R.O.) A. 13472,
A. 13478, &c.
A settlement of the Garrett, among
other estates, on his heirs male was made
by Gilbert Gerard in 1565; Duchy of
Lanc. Inq. p.m. xvi, 2. |
| 111 |
Ct. Leet Rec. ii, 83, 103; Anct. D.
(P.R.O.) A. 12529; the vendor was Sir
Thomas son and heir of Sir Gilbert
Gerard. The purchaser is usually described as eldest son of Edward Mosley of
Hough End, but in Nicholas Mosley's
will he is called 'my youngest brother.'
Possibly the Oswald who was 'son and
heir' in 1571 was not the purchaser of
the Garrett in 1595; ibid. i, 138. Oswald Mosley died in 1622. |
| 112 |
In 1627 Samuel Mosley was ordered to attend the court and do his suit
and service for the Garrett estate, which
by his father's will had been given to a
younger brother Francis (who had died
in 1625); ibid. iii, 129, where an abstract of the will is printed. For this
branch of the family see Mosley, Fam.
Mem. 4; Axon, Mosley Mem. 24, 25.
By 1631 the lands had been sold to
Ralph Hough; Ct. Leet Rec. iii, 179.
In 1657 it was found that Ralph Hough,
merchant, was heir to his father Ralph
Hough, deceased, for Garrett Hall and
demesne lands thereto appertaining; ibid.
iv, 185. Daniel Hough of London, merchant, was the heir of his father Ralph in
1683; ibid, vi, 168. The hall at this
time was perhaps tenanted as an inn;
ibid. vi, 125.
Walter Nugent had lands in the Garrett, and by his will of 1614 directed
them to be sold for the payment of his
debts; ibid. ii, 291; iii, 94. |
| 113 |
Household Words (1851), iii, 249, in
Manch. Guardian N. and Q. no. 510. |
| 114 |
There are views of Garrett Hall in
Philips' Views of Old Halls of Lancs. and
Ches. 1893; James, Views, 1825; Lancs.
Illus. 1831. There is also a drawing in
the Binns collection, Liverpool, probably
the original of Philips, and a sketch by
T. Dodd, 1850, in Owens College, Manchester. See paper by C. W. Sutton, in
Philips, Views, 1893. |
| 115 |
Lancs. Inq. and Extents, i, 56. |
| 116 |
Richard de Clayden in 1320 paid a
rent of 5s. a year for Clayden; Mamecestre, ii, 278. It is called a 'manor' in
1473, when another Richard Clayden held
it in socage by the same rent; ibid. iii,
482.
Robert Clayden was defendant in 1541
in a suit respecting Clayden; Ducatus
Lanc. (Rec. Com.), i, 168.
Robert Clayden of Clayden Hall died
in 1558 or 1559, and was succeeded by
his son Richard; Manch. Ct. Leet Rec. i,
43, 53. The next in possession was
Robert Clayden, who died 8 Mar. 1578–9,
holding a messuage in Manchester, messuages and land in Clayden by the rent of
5s., and also in Tongton and Middlewood
in Ashton; having no son his estate descended to his four infant daughters,
Bridget, Alice, Cecily, and Margaret, the
eldest of whom was four years of age;
Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. xiv, no. 84, 12.
Bridget died in Sept. 1588 and her mother
(Alice daughter of Ralph Costerden) was
living at Tongton in 1591; the heirs
were Bridget's sisters—Alice wife of
Richard Houghton, aged eleven in 1588;
Cecily wife of Lawrence Langley, ten;
and Margaret, nine; ibid. xv, no. 28. A
few further details are given in the Ct.
Leet Rec. ii, 59, 246, 290; from these it
appears that Margaret Clayden married
Thomas Holcroft and her share was in
1609 sold to Lawrence Langley.
The whole or a large part of Clayden
was about 1640 in the possession of the
Mosleys of Ancoats; Great Clayden and
Shipponley had been bought of Mr. Charnock; Kilnebank, Green Lee, Copley,
Blew Field, and Coal Pit Field were other
field names; Axon, Mosley Mem. 34, 39,
&c. It was held by a rent of 3s. 6d. with
1s. 6d. more for the portion formerly
Charnock's; ibid. 35. Combined these
rents amount to 5s., the ancient rent paid
by the Clayden family. |
| 117 |
a Thomas de Hopwood in 1320 held
the place of a kiln (corellus) in Clayden at
½d. rent; Mamecestre, ii, 279. In 1331
John son of Henry de Hulton granted to
Adam son of Thomas de Hopwood all his
lands in the hamlet of Ancoats, held by
demise of Adam son of Robert de Radcliffe; they had belonged to Robert de
Gotherswick and Hugh his brother; De
Banco R. 290, m. 1 d.
Thomas Beck in 1546 made a settlement of messuages in Manchester, Monshalgh, Salford, and Newton, in favour of
his son Robert; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F.
bdle. 12, m. 219, 265. Robert purchased
the Hopwoods' estate in Manchester,
Clayden, and Newton in 1549; ibid. bdle.
13, m. 29. He died about the end of
1556, leaving a son and heir Thomas,
who came of age in 1574; Ct. Leet Rec.
i, 32, 168; Piccope, Wills, i, 184.
Thomas Beck of Hopwood Clayden was
in 1588 succeeded by his son Randle;
and the latter in 1599 by his brother
Robert, then fifteen years of age. The
estate included burgages in Manchester
(Broadlache, Marketstead Lane, and
Deansgate) and in Salford; see the inquisitions in Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m.
xiv, 19; xvii, 8; Manch. Ct. Leet Rec.
ii, 147, 217. In the Chetham Library
are deeds by Robert Beck of Hopwood
Clayden dated 1626 and 1636; the latter
is a grant to Thomas Beck, his son and
heir apparent.
A pedigree was recorded in 1664 (Dugdale, Visit. 29) stating that Robert Beck
and Thomas his son, both 'of Hopwood
Clayden,' died in 1644; the latter was
succeeded by his son Thomas, aged thirty-four in 1664, who had a son John, aged
twelve, and other children. Thomas
Beck died in 1678, and his son and heir
at once sold or mortgaged Hopwood Clayden and other lands to Thomas Minshull; Ct. Leet Rec. vi, 65, and deeds
quoted in the note. William Beck, a
brother of John, sold lands in 1684; ibid.
vi, 214.
The Becks' land in Hopwood Clayden
was held by Nicholas Mosley of Ancoats
in 1665; Axon, Mosley Mem. 53.
The Hopwood family retained an estate in Manchester; see Lancs. Inq. p.m.
(Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 206,
207. |
| 118 |
John son of Richard de Legh, of
West Hall in High Legh, as heir of John
son of Robert Massey of Sale, in 1426
granted to Elizabeth daughter and heir
of Richard (son of Robert) de Moston,
all his lands in the vill of Newton,
viz. that place called Clayden; West
Hall D. |
| 119 |
Lancs. Inq. and Extents, i, 56; it
was a grant of two oxgangs of the demesne
at a rent of 4s. yearly. (Sir) Geoffrey de
Bracebridge's name frequently occurs as a
witness to 13th-century charters. It is
probable that Elayn field and Dogfield,
held by Robert Grelley in 1320 by the
same rent, constituted that estate; Mamecestre, ii, 279; see Ct. of Wards and
Liveries, box 13A/FD 36. Robert Grelley
also held Gatecoterfield by a rent of 2s.;
ibid. All three as 'Eleynfield, Dogfield,
and Gatcotefield in the vill of Manchester'
were granted by John Grelley (the son of
Robert) to Sir Henry de Trafford in 1359;
De Trafford D. no. 15. The grant was
confirmed ten years later; ibid. no. 18, 19.
As already stated they became part of the
Garrett estate.
In 1564 Thomas Nowell, who married
Alice daughter of George Trafford of
Garrett and co-heir of her brother Ralph,
held 'Dugfildes and Claredenfeld,' owing
4s. rent, and for Gatecotefilde 2s., and
Gilbert Gerard (by purchase from the
Traffords), Yelandfildes, owing 2s.; Ct.
Leet Rec. i, 44, 86, and notes; see also i,
109, where Gerard's land is called Gladen
fields alias Claredenfieldes, and mention
is made of Gatte couts fields and Dodge
meadows. |
| 120 |
Lancs. Inq. and Extents, i, 59; this
was 'a land,' for which 3s. rent was payable. No such rent appears in the survey
of 1320, so that the land had escheated
to the lord, or had been divided among
several heirs. The following rents may
be mentioned:—John de Beswick for
Borid-riding, 18d.; Henry Boterinde for
Ben-riding, 18d.; Henry Boterinde and
Robert Rudde for Ashley, 18d.; Mamecestre, ii, 277–9. |
| 121 |
Mr. H. T. Crofton says: This is
not, so far as I know, an ascertained
ancient district, like Garrett. I believe
it took its name from a former owner or
occupier. On Green's map, 1787, works
of some sort occupy the spot, bridging
over the River Tib, which is formed into
a dam above for water power, and 'Messrs.
Cheetham' were named as the owners,
but I cannot name the occupier, as Gaythorn is not mentioned in Raffald's Dir.
1772. Part of the same works were on
the banks of the adjacent Medlock, and
lines drawn on Green's map are apparently
tenters for bleachworks. No whitster is
named for Gaythorn or Knott Mill (which
is close by) in the whitster list, and
'Robert Kitchen (will proved 1776) fustian dyer, Knott mill,' is the only likely
one I can find in the Dir. The map
calls it 'Gaythorn,' and 'Gaythorn St.'
led to it from Alport Lane (Deansgate), while 'Gaythorn Row' was at the
Alport Lane end of Gaythorn Street,
as if the whole intervening area was
once known as 'Gaythorn.' The family
usually spelt their name Gathorne (see
Manch. Ct. Leet Rec.). Feasington Wood
skirted the Medlock somewhere about
Gaythorn, 'between Knott mill and Garrett.'
Shootersbrook, as the name of a dwelling or estate, occurs in 1564; Ducatus
Lanc. (Rec. Com.), ii, 280. |
| 122 |
In 1322 the 80 acres of land in
Collyhurst were valued at 26s. 8d. a year,
but had been leased to Sir Roger de Pilkington and his son for life at £4 rent;
Mamecestre, ii, 363. A moiety of Collyhurst was in 1361 given to William (son
of Thurstan) de Holland and Otes his son;
Dods. in Lancs. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ii,
136. |
| 123 |
The Manchester jury in 1554
ordered that the townsmen's swine should
be sent to 'a common called Collyhurst'
in charge of a swineherd; Ct. Leet Rec. i,
15, 144. Persons who did not dwell in
the town were in 1561 ordered to take
their cattle from Collyhurst unless they
could prove a right of pasturage; ibid. i,
63. Encroachments were noticed; ibid.
i, 26, 117. |
| 124 |
A protest against encroachments
was made in 1602; it was stated that the
burgesses had free common of pasture
there 'without stint or number;' ibid. ii,
179.
The final settlement was made in 1616,
confirmed by a decree of the Duchy Court
on 12 Feb. 1616–17. This states that
Sir Nicholas Mosley had inclosed part of
the waste, and that some 50 acres remained, which Rowland his son wished
to inclose. In return for the consent
of the burgesses and others he agreed
to allow them to erect cottages and
cabins for the shelter of infected persons
in times of plague; also the annual rent
of £10 for the use of the poor; ibid.
ii, 328–32. There are frequent notices of the 'Collyhurst money' in the
Records. |
| 125 |
It was included in the borough reeve's
charities in 1792, and apparently in 1825;
Baines, Lancs. Dir. ii, 145–6. |
| 126 |
Anthony Mosley had purchased land
in or near Collyhurst in 1577; Ct. Leet
Rec. i, 182. His son Francis in 1610
bought a messuage and lands 'near adjoining unto Collyhurst' from his elder brother
Oswald; ibid. ii, 257. Part of Collyhurst
was held on lease; E. Axon, Mosley Mem.
13. |
| 127 |
Mosley, Fam. Mem. 23; Piccope
MS. Pedigrees (Chet. Lib.), i, 182. |
| 128 |
Royalist Comp. Papers, iv, 201.
Nicholas Mosley and Francis his father,
clothiers, had deserted their dwellings and
lived for some time in the king's quarters.
The son took the National Covenant and
Negative Oath in 1646. The statement
of his property in Manchester showed it
to be worth £40 a year, and that in Collyhurst, 'before the troubles,' £24; the
£10 to the poor was charged on it; the
father and son were creditors for £1,338
and debtors for £2,490. A fine of £200
was fixed. |
| 129 |
Booker, Prestwich, 206. Robert
Lever was fined 10s. in 1677 for not
cleansing his ditch in Collyhurst Lane, by
the Long Causeway, and in Wilkin Hills;
Ct. Leet Rec. vi, 42. Some of the family
resided at Collyhurst, for John Revel
Lever, son of John Lever, esq., was born
there about 1707; Scott, Admissions to St.
John's Coll. Camb. iii, 50. |
| 130 |
Mamecestre, ii, 362; iii, 482–4. The
position of Ashley is indicated by Ashley
Lane, leading north from Long Millgate.
Choo is believed to have been in Broughton, near the Irwell and on the border of
Cheetham; in Broughton also was Kyperfield, another detached portion of the
manor of Manchester; Information of
Mr. Crofton.
For Ashley Henry Boterinde and Robert Rudde in 1320 paid a rent of 18d.;
Mamecestre, ii, 279. Alice daughter of
Henry Boterinde in 1351 gave her son
Robert half a burgage in the Millgate and
5 acres in Ashley; Lancs. and Ches. Hist.
and Gen. Notes, i, 54. The land was soon
afterwards claimed by Agnes widow of
Robert Rudde; Duchy of Lanc. Assize
R. 2 (July), m. 8. The Buldre family,
whose heirs were the Hulmes of Manchester and Reddish, next appear in possession; Thomas son of Thomas Buldre
occurs in Manchester in 1338, and Thomas
Buldre in 1361 (Hulme D. no. 4, 5),
and in 1381 Agnes widow of Henry Dobson granted to William Buldre for her life
all her lands and tenements in 'Asshenlegh' and Tuefield near Manchester, formerly her husband's; ibid. no. 6. In
1421 an agreement was made between
Lawrence Hulme and Robert Rudde, who
owned 'a field lying in the town of Manchester called Ashley, lying together and
in divers parcels,' as to a division of the
land and chief rent; ibid. no. 10. Geoffrey Hulme held Ashley in 1473 at 10d.
(or 1d.) rent; Mamecestre, iii, 482, 499.
The heir of James Barlow was probably
the other tenant (for 'Estley') at a rent of
6d.; ibid. iii, 483. In 1615 Ralph Hulme
of Outwood in Pilkington mortgaged the
three closes called Nearer, Middlemost,
and Further Ashley, containing by estimation 5 acres of land; Hulme D. no. 62.
In the 17th century it was at least in part
owned by the Becks; Ct. Leet Rec. vi, 65,
214. |
| 131 |
Among the burgage holders in 1473
(Mamecestre, iii, 487) are found the names
of many of the neighbouring esquires, the
list beginning with Sir John Trafford, who
had land near the Booths, on which a shop
had recently been built.
The earliest acquisition of the Traffords
seems to have been a burgage granted
before 1320 by Olive daughter of Richard
de Bolton to Thomas son of Sir Henry de
Trafford; it lay between the tenement of
Manchester Church on the north and a
burgage formerly Geoffrey de Manchester's on the south; on the east side it had
the burgage of Matthew the Tailor, and
on the west the highway from the church
to Hulme. A rent of 12d. was payable
to the lord at the four terms; De Trafford
D. no. 3. Further property was purchased
by Geoffrey son of Sir Henry Trafford in
1333 and 1334; ibid. no. 9–12.
Lists of the outburgesses in 1648 and
later years are printed in Manch. Constables'
Accts. ii, 198, 218, 244.
The inquisitions show the following,
among others, to have held burgages and
lands in Manchester:—
Thomas Ashton of Ashton-under-Lyne;
Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. iv, no. 80; see
also Lancs. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 138.
Edward Butterworth of Belfield; Duchy
of Lanc. Inq. p.m. xiii, no. 2, 14; Lancs.
Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.),
iii, 379.
William Holland of Clifton; Duchy of
Lanc. Inq. p.m. iii, 16; v, 49.
Edward Holland of Denton; ibid. xiii,
no. 20; Lancs. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.), ii, 141.
Ralph Assheton of Great Lever; ibid.
ii, 286.
George Chadderton of Oldham; ibid. i,
63. Christiana de Hoton in 1292 granted
to Geoffrey de Chadderton and Joan his
wife a burgage in Manchester which she
had received from Herbert Grelley, rector
of Childwall; a rent of 3s. at the four
terms was due to the chief lord; Kuerden fol. MS. (Chet. Lib.), 189, no. 220.
A settlement was made in 1307; Final
Conc. ii, 1.
Richard Chadwick of Spotland held of
the warden and fellows; Lancs. Inq. p.m.
(Rec. Soc.), ii, 273.
William Dauntesey of Agecroft; ibid.
iii, 349. The Agecroft deeds show that
in 1318 Robert son of Hugh de Milngate
released to his son Richard a half burgage
in Manchester (no. 319). Probably it
was the same burgage, 'with a mese and
a wine tavern, a high chamber thereupon,
a garden and a barn, lying at the east end
of the Kirkyard of Manchester,' which
was owned by the Hulme family in 1469
(no. 320), and sold to Hugh Burdman,
who sold to Robert Langley in 1544 (no.
328).
George Hulton of Farnworth (35s.
rent); Lancs. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.), iii,
468. In the deeds of Over Hulton is a
grant of ½ acre upon the Millgate crofts
by Richard son of Hugh de Milngate in
1315 to Adam de Hulton. In 1328
Adam acquired part of Dobscroft and of
Coldherse (afterwards Coldhouse), and
other property. The Hulton of Farnworth estate seems to have begun with a
sale by Adam son of Robert de Radcliffe
to John son of Henry de Hulton in 1331, of
lands in Millgate crofts acquired in 1320. |
| 132 |
For instance, Byrom of Salford and
Kersal, Hulme of Reddish, Percival of
Royton, Ravald of Kersal, and others.
Particulars of these and many others may
be gathered from Ct. Leet Rec. and the
accounts of the different townships. |
| 133 |
Several families of this name lived
in Manchester in the 16th century; see
Ct. Leet Rec. (e.g. i, 39). Barlow Cross,
which stood near the boundary of Ancoats, may have been named from them;
Lancs. and Ches. Antiq. Soc. xxii, 95. The
New cross, at the corner of Oldham Road
and Great Ancoats, marked on the plan
of 1793, seems to have taken its place;
See Ct. Leet Rec. i, 11, 43; iii, 73; iv,
330. Three closes called Barlow Cross
Fields are mentioned in 1615; ibid. ii,
300. The bounds of 'Jonesfield de Hulton' about 1420 began at Barlow Cross
in the road from Manchester to Stanegge
(apparently Newton Lane), and ended at
the same cross in the lane from Ancoats
to Manchester; Chan. Inq. p.m. 5 Hen.
VI, no. 54. Suicides were buried at
Barlow Cross; Manch. Constables' Accts.
iii, 14, 32.
There was another Barlow or Barley
Cross near the north end of Long Millgate; see Procter, Manch. Streets, 38. |
| 134 |
In 1571 it was found that Stephen
Becke or Beche—occurring in 1546;
Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 12, m. 238
—had died, and that his son George—or
William—was heir and under age; Ct.
Leet Rec. i, 137, 142. Another Beck
family has been noticed under Clayden. |
| 135 |
John de Beswick held the Boridriding in 1320, paying 18d. rent; but
James Radcliffe of Radcliffe held it in
1473; Mamecestre, ii, 278; iii, 482. In a
suit of 1347 respecting a messuage and
24 acres in Manchester, Geoffrey son of
John de Beswick was plaintiff; De Banco
R. 352, m. 3d. Richard son of Geoffrey
de Beswick was defendant to a charge of
assault in July 1354; Duchy of Lanc.
Assize R. 3, m. 3. The same or another
Richard de Beswick had been convicted
of an assault—having in 1350 attacked
Henry the Baxter 'with swords, bows and
arrows and mayhemed his left hand'—
and the damages were assessed at £10;
Assize R. 431, m. 1d.
Richard Beswick or Bexwick, a wealthy
merchant, has been mentioned in the account of the parish church, to which he
was a liberal benefactor.
Roger Beswick, another successful trader, was brother-in-law of John Bradford,
and took a prominent part in the affairs
of the town. He died in 1599, making
partition of his estate by the will of which
an abstract is printed in Ct. Leet Rec. ii,
156. His grandson William Malone,
born at Manchester, entered the Society
of Jesus in 1606, laboured on the mission
in Ireland (where he challenged and replied to Archbishop Usher), and at the
Irish College in Rome. He was expelled
from Ireland by Cromwell, and died at
Seville in 1656; Dict. Nat. Biog.; Gillow,
Bibl. Dict. of Engl. Cath. v, 399.
John Beswick of Manchester and John
his son were in 1657 bound to Nicholas
Mosley of Collyhurst in £280; another
bond of 1664 describes the Beswicks as of
Drogheda and of Lifford in Donegal respectively; while two years later John
Beswick gave to Margaret Bowker a burgage, &c., in St. Mary Gate, on condition
that Margaret maintained his mother
Anne; Earwaker MSS. |
| 136 |
This family appears early both in
Manchester and Salford. Sir John La
Warre in 1313 granted John Bibby two
plots of land, and in 1320 the grantee
paid 2s. for 2 acres of land on the heath
at Manchester; Mamecestre, ii, 293, 350.
William Bibby and Cecily his wife in
1348 made a feoffment of their lands;
Dods. MSS. cxlii, fol. 198, no. 42. Eleven
years later Richard Bibby gave his burgages and lands to William and Robert le
Hunt; ibid. no. 45.
John Pouston and Margery his wife
in 1361 gave to Robert Bibby all their
lands, &c., in Salford; Hopwood D.
William Bibby died in 1577 or 1578, his
heir being his brother James; Ct. Leet
Rec. i, 194, where is printed an elaborate
settlement made in 1564. |
| 137 |
Edward Bowker died about the end
of 1586, leaving a son and heir Geoffrey;
Ct. Leet Rec. i, 258. The heir was of age
in 1589; ibid. ii, 32.
John Bowker, apothecary, in 1623 purchased from Thomas Chadderton of Lees
a burgage and smithy in Deansgate; his
mother Alice was then living; ibid. iii, 72.
Peter Bowker of Manchester and Adam
Bowker of Salford, chapmen, had their
estates—tenements in Salford—sequestered by the Parliamentary authorities,
they having adhered to and assisted the
king's forces. They compounded in 1651;
Royalist Comp. Papers, i, 214, 215. |
| 138 |
Henry Boterind, 1320, has been mentioned. Henry son of Henry de Boterind
was one of those killed at Liverpool in
1345 with Adam de Lever; Coram Rege
R. 348, m. 22.
Richard son of Henry de Boterind in
1349 made a feoffment of a burgage in
the Middlegate by Todd Lane, which he
had acquired from Adam son of Robert
the Dyer; De Trafford D. no. 14. This
burgage had in 1331 been granted by
Adam son of Robert de Manchester to
Robert the Dyer and Joan his wife, daughter of the grantor; ibid. no. 6. It appears
that Richard son of Henry Boterind became
a monk; De Banco R. 435, m. 346 d.
See also the account of Ashley above. |
| 139 |
John Gee appears prominently in
the Ct. Leet Rec. of the third quarter of
the 16th century. In 1559 his mother
Elizabeth came into court to confess that
he was her eldest son, and that she had
granted him all her lands in Manchester
and Salford; i, 41. He died at the
beginning of 1589, holding lands in Manchester and Salford, and leaving as heir
his son John, of full age; ibid. ii, 31;
Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. xvi, 46. The
son also is frequently mentioned; either
he or his father was the deputy-receiver
for the lord of the manor; Ct. Leet Rec.
i, 200. The younger John Gee seems to
have died in Oct. 1629, leaving sons Edmund and Joseph and four daughters;
ibid. iii, 168, where an abstract of his
will is printed. The inquisition taken
after John's death states that Edward was
his son and heir, and forty years of age;
Towneley MS. C, 8, 13 (Chet. Lib.), p.
463. Joseph Gee died in or before 1655;
Ct. Leet Rec. iv, 143.
Two members of the family distinguished
themselves in the 17th century as controversialists, viz. John Gee, who was probably a Devonshire man by birth, but
grandson of Ralph Gee of Manchester (died
1598), brought up a Protestant, reconciled
to the Roman Church, reverted to Protestantism, and wrote his experiences in
The Foot out of the Snare (1624), and died
as Vicar of Tenterden in 1639; also Edward Gee, born in Manchester in 1659,
educated at St. John's College, Cambridge,
author of the Jesuit's Memorial. See N.
and Q. (Ser. 6), ii, 71; Local Glean.
Lancs. and Cbes. ii, 300; Wood, Athenae;
Dict. Nat. Biog. |
| 140 |
In 1574 Thomas Goodyear was admitted to be burgess in right of Ellen his
wife, paying to the lord 8d. a year; Ct.
Leet Rec. i, 168. He was borough-reeve
in 1579–80, and one of the constables in
1580–1; ibid. i, 207, 213. The wife
was sister of Ralph Proudlove, who died
in 1588; she died in 1591, leaving a son
Robert Goodyear as heir; ibid. ii, 21,
and note. Thomas Goodyear died in
1599, when this son was not quite of age;
ibid. ii, 153; Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m.
xvii, 38. His lands were in Millgate,
Deansgate (part called a dole), Newton
Lane ('Gibbs'), and Withy Grove.
Robert Goodyear was borough-reeve in
1606, and died in April 1621, having
increased his estate, among the additions
being 6 acres called 'Bibby Fields'; he
left a widow Elizabeth and a son Thomas,
under age; Ct. Leet Rec. ii, 211; iii, 36;
Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. xxvii, 46.
Thomas Goodyear died in 1638, holding
the Bibby Fields and a messuage in Millgate; his heir was a posthumous daughter
named Anne; ibid. xxx, 25. He sold
some of his lands to Robert Neild; Ct.
Leet Rec. iii, 179 note; and his mother
Elizabeth and her daughter Mary in 1639
sold land in Shudehill to Robert Marler;
ibid. iii, 286.
Another Thomas Goodyear of Manchester died in 1607, leaving a son Henry,
ten years of age; Lancs. Inq. p.m. (Rec.
Soc.), i, 112. Henry was in 1621 summoned to do his suit and service at the
lord's court, and died in 1627, leaving as
heir his sister Margaret, wife of Thomas
Illingworth; Ct. Leet Rec. iii, 36, 136.
Margaret Illingworth died in 1634–5,
holding her father's property; Towneley
MS. C, 8, 13 (Chet. Lib.), p. 708, reciting
Thomas Goodyear's disposition of it.
Thomas Illingworth died early in 1639,
leaving a son and heir Thomas, under age;
Ct. Leet Rec. iii, 288; an abstract of his
will is printed in the note. The younger
Thomas died in 1671; ibid. v, 156. |
| 141 |
Abstracts of a number of this family's
deeds were made by Dodsworth (MSS.
cxlii, fol. 161–72), being in 1635 in the
hands of John Holcroft of Marton; they
do not suffice to give an exact account of
the descent.
The pedigree begins with two brothers,
William and Robert le Hunt, to whom in
1359 Richard Bibby granted all his burgages and lands in Manchester; Dods. ut
supra, no. 65. William son of Geoffrey
de Manchester released to them all actions
in 1367; ibid. no. 35. Robert le Hunt
acquired land in Salford from Thurstan de
Prestwich in the following year; and
from John le Hare and Alice his wife in
Woodfield in Ashton; ibid. no. 37, 49.
Alice was no doubt the daughter of John
de Whitwood, who had granted Robert her
lands in 1358; ibid. no. 57. The brothers William and Robert in 1374 made
a feoffment of their lands in Manchester
and the Ridge in Ashton; ibid. no. 36.
There was another William le Hunt, a
chaplain, distinguished from William the
brother of Robert by Agnes widow of the
above-named William de Manchester in a
grant by which she released to the brothers
all her claim in the burgages and lands
which had belonged to William the chaplain; ibid. no 53. About the same time
(in Oct. 1381) William and Robert granted to Agnes for her life a garden in Manchester, at the end of Irk Bridge, which
had formerly belonged to William the
chaplain; ibid. no. 52. The position
named suggests that this was the land
known as Hunt's Bank.
In 1385 the trustee of the two brothers
settled their estate upon Richard son of
Robert le Hunt, with remainders to
Ralph and William, brothers of Richard;
ibid. no. 14. Thirteen years later, Maud
widow of William le Hunt of Ashton released to Richard le Hunt her claim on
lands in Ashton; ibid. no. 33. Richard
in 1402 had a grant of land in Salford
from his father's widow Cecily, who had
married William Clayton, son of Robert
son of Falconer; ibid. no. 32. He seems
to have lived at Audenshaw in Ashton;
ibid. no. 26, 30. Ralph is not heard of
again, but William le Hunt of Manchester occurs in 1421 and 1422 (ibid. no.
27–29, 58); and in 1423–4 Richard le
Hunt leased his Manchester burgages and
lands to his brother William at a rent of
21s.; ibid. no. 34.
At this point there arises uncertainty.
Richard Hunt, perhaps the same Richard,
in 1443 acquired a piece of land in Manchester; ibid. no. 31. Edmund Hunt
was a witness, and in 1447 a settlement
was made by Richard on the marriage of
Edmund's son William with Margaret
daughter of Roger Bird (or Brid) of Salford; ibid. no. 38, 59, 39, 22. Edmund
Hunt made a feoffment of all his burgages, lands, &c., in Lancashire, in 1460,
James Bird being a witness; ibid. no. 3.
This James Bird of Salford occurs again
in 1467, and his son and heir Roger in
1513; ibid. no. 23, 64.
William Hunt, no doubt the son of Edmund, in 1473 held divers burgages, a
grange, and lands in Manchester, and
paid 7s. 4d. to the lord; Mamecestre, iii,
488.
Richard Hunt was in 1515 a feoffee
of the Oldham family; Hibbert-Ware,
Manch. Foundations, iii, 10. His will was
proved in London in 1523; Manch. Ct.
Leet Rec. i, 158 n.; P.C.C. 15 Bodfelde. In 1524 Agnes Hunt, widow, gave
a release to Richard Hunt and James
Radcliffe, executors of the will of Richard
Hunt, deceased; Dods. ut supra, no. 65.
Five years later Richard Hunt of Manchester made a settlement in favour of
his wife Margaret; ibid. no. 66. It was
probably this Richard, or a son of the
same name, who died in 1573, leaving as
heir a son Richard of full age; Ct. Leet
Rec. i, 158.
Richard Hunt gave the lord a dagger as
heriot; ibid. i, 160. He received a release of all claims on his father's lands
from George Birch in 1575; Dods. ut
supra, no. 67. He died in Dec. 1585,
leaving as heir his son John, under age;
He held 6 burgages and lands in the town
of John Lacy, lord of Manchester; a
capital messuage and lands in Middlebrook
of the queen; a messuage in Audenshaw;
three burgages in Salford and lands in
Manchester, of the queen; also the house
called the Tollbooth, with the toll and
stallage of Manchester, of John Lacy, by
a rent of £4; Ct. Leet Rec. ii, 19, 20,
where the inquisition (Duchy of Lanc. Inq.
p.m. xiv, 41) is printed; for his will see
Piccope, Wills, iii, 116.
John Hunt came of age in 1597, and
did fealty on admission to his father's
land; Ct. Leet Rec. ii, 131. About 1610
he was called upon to defend his title to
the Booths, Sir Nicholas Mosley laying
claim to it; but he was able to show that
it, with the tolls, &c., had been granted
in 1514 to his ancestor Richard Hunt;
ibid. iii, 24, 25, notes. In 1620 the jury
ordered him to repair 'the Court-house
commonly called the Booths,' and sweep
it weekly; ibid. In 1625 Margaret his
daughter and (co-) heir married John Holcroft; ibid. iii, 76, 352 notes. They
appear to have sold their lands; ibid. iii,
153, 246. For the Holcrofts see Local
Glean. Lancs. and Ches. ii, 149.
Other branches of the Hunt family
occur. Among the De Trafford deeds
are grants about 1315 from Ellota Braybon, widow, and William her son of two
burgages to Walter le Hunt, Margery his
wife, and David and Richard their sons
(no. 2, 5); and in 1347 Richard son of
Walter le Hunt granted land in Manchester to Richard son of Richard Chokes
(no. 13). The two burgages, which lay
in Deansgate, opposite the Parsonage, had
by 1396 passed to Richard del Hulle (no.
23–5). Lawrence, son and heir of John
Hunt and grandson and heir of Thomas
Barker, held land in St. Mary Gate in
1482; ibid. no. 56, 57.
Among the Grammar School deeds is a
grant (1337) from Roger son of Richard
de Manchester to Richard del Crosseshagh
and Dyota his wife of a burgage next the
Pirlewallgate; from the latter Richard to
Thomas son of John le Hunt (1357) of
goods; from John son of William del
Crosshagh of a burgage in the Millgate
(1369); bonds to John le Hunt (1361,
1368); release to the executors of Richard
le Hunt (1385), and from John son of
Richard le Hunt to Richard de Worsley
(1399); the will of Agnes widow of John
le Hunt (1390), mentioning Ellen daughter of Richard le Hunt, and leaving the
guardianship of John and Richard, sons of
Richard le Hunt, to Richard de Worsley
and John de Tonwallcliff, her executors;
lease of a burgage in Millgate from Cecily
widow of Henry Chadkirk, and Joan le
Hunt her daughter, to William Bradford,
Richard le Hunt of Audenshaw being a
witness.
John le Hunt and Agnes his wife in
1371 sold a messuage to Thomas de
Whitley; Final Conc. ii, 180. |
| 142 |
Robert Laboray or Laborer, serjeantat-arms to Henry VII, acquired lands near
St. Mary Gate in 1511–2; Hulme D.
no. 38. He left several daughters as coheirs, and his widow Isabel in 1544 granted a burgage to their daughter Alice, who
had married with Stephen Hulme; ibid.
no. 48. Elizabeth, another daughter,
about 1533 married William Hulton of
Donnington, Lincolnshire; a third daughter married Thomas Greenhalgh of
Brandlesholme, who was Robert's executor; and various disputes broke out involving the customs of the county as to
the distribution of the goods of a husband
or father; Ducatus Lanc. (Rec. Com.), i,
156, &c.; Duchy Plead. (Rec. Soc. Lancs.
and Ches.), ii, 136, 152. See also Manch.
Ct. Leet Rec. i, 26, 180 note. 'Labrey's
House' retained its name in 1586; ibid.
ii, 6. It was near the present infirmary,
and in 1580 was styled 'Laborer's house
near the end of Marketstead lane,' in the
tenure of Robert Hulme of Newton;
ibid. ii, 111 n. and information of Mr.
Crofton, who kindly adds the following
pedigree of William Hulton: Roger Hulton of Hulton—younger son William,
married Jane Everard of Southcoton,
Lincs.—s. Roger, married Katherine
Anyas—s. William. |
| 143 |
In the account of the chantries it
is shown that Richard Bexwick left a
daughter Isabel, who married Thomas
Beck, and that their daughter Cecily
married Francis Pendleton. He was the
son of Thomas Pendleton, who died in
1534 and whose will is printed in Piccope, Wills, ii, 187. Francis died in
1574, leaving his son Henry as heir;
Ct. Leet Rec. i, 164, 167. Henry married Elizabeth daughter and heir of
Robert Marler; ibid. i, 233. He died
at the beginning of 1586, leaving a son
Francis, a minor; ibid. i, 257. The inquisition taken after the death of Henry
Pendleton states that his father Francis
had settled his burgage in Deansgate and
other lands with remainders to Henry his
son, to Margaret, Isabel, and Ellen his
daughters, and to his brother George; the
messuage, &c. in Grundy Lane was held
of the queen as of her duchy of Lancaster, by knight's service, and the rest of
the queen by a rent of 14d. Robert
Marler's lands were held of the queen by
the 200th part of a knight's fee. Francis,
the son and heir of Henry, was ten years
of age; Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. xiv,
61.
Francis Pendleton was of age in 1596;
Ct. Leet Rec. ii, 115, 166. He was thrice
married, and died in 1621, leaving as heir
a son, under age; ibid. iii, 37, where an
abstract of his will is given. By his
second wife, Anne Holland, he had a son
Francis, who died at Manchester in 1626
without a son; and by his third wife,
Sarah Byrestowe, had a son Edward, described as 'son and heir' in 1627, when
he was sixteen years of age; Duchy of
Lanc. Inq. p.m. xxvi, 34. The feoffments
and will of Francis the father are fully
set out in his inquisition, Lancs. Inq. p.m.
(Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), iii, 322–6.
The will of Alice widow of George
Pendleton of Manchester, dated 1588, is
given in Piccope, Wills, ii, 218–20;
they had a daughter and heiress Cecily. |
| 144 |
Henry Pendleton, D.D., the most
prominent of them, is said to have been
a brother of the Thomas who died in
1534. He was of Lancashire birth and
educated at Brasenose College, Oxford,
M.A. 1544; D.D. 1552. He was a
Protestant and beneficed in the reign of
Edward VI, but in the next reverted to
the old religion, having frequent disputations with Bradford and others brought
before Bishop Bonner on charges of
heresy; he is said to have been shot at
when preaching at St. Paul's Cross. He
published some homilies, &c., and died
in 1557; see Dict. Nat. Biog.; Wood,
Athenae, and Gillow, Bibl. Dict. of Engl.
Cath. vi, 256; Foxe, Acts and Monuments (ed. Cattley), vi, 629; vii, 185.
His nephew, Edward Pendleton (son
of Thomas), became fellow of Manchester
and vicar of Eccles.
A later Henry Pendleton of Manchester compounded for 'delinquency' in
1645, having taken part against the Parliament by going into the king's quarters.
He returned and submitted, took the
National Covenant, Negative oath, and
paid a fine of £80; Cal. of Com. for Compounding, ii, 1270. |
| 145 |
Adam de Radcliffe had 4 acres
in 1320, paying 4s. rent; Mamecestre, ii,
291. He also had part of Gotherswick.
To Adam son of Robert de Radcliffe and
Alice his daughter, for life, John La
Warre in 1324 granted a place called
Osecroft with the Brend-orchard, at a
rent of 7s. 6d.; Manch. Corporation D.
See also Mamecestre, ii, 412; iii, 465.
A settlement of Adam's lands was made
in 1323; Final Conc. ii, 55. Alice married John de Hulton of Farnworth; see
Harpurhey.
Margery daughter of Henry Luthare
in 1428 granted to her son, Robert Tetlow, two burgages in Manchester; they
lay beside the road from the parish church
to Salford bridge, abutting on the Irwell
at one end and on the road from the
church to the parsonage at the other
end; De Trafford D. no. 34. Robert de
Tetlow and Elizabeth his wife made a
settlement of the same; ibid. no. 35, 36;
but in 1430 sold them to Nicholas son of
Sir Ralph de Radcliffe, who acquired land
adjoining them; ibid. no. 38, 39. Five
years later a settlement was made, the
remainders being to Ralph, Thomas,
John, James, William, and Edmund, sons
of Nicholas, and then to Sir Ralph de
Radcliffe; ibid. no. 45. Nicholas son
and heir of Ralph Radcliffe in 1487 made
a lease of a burgage in Deansgate, and in
the same year the dowry of Elizabeth his
mother was settled; a chief rent of 2s. 2d.
was payable to the college; ibid. no. 62,
63, 61. Margery Leigh, daughter and
heir of John Marshall, made a grant to
Nicholas Radcliffe in 1490; ibid. no. 64.
The property had passed to the Traffords
by 1548; Raines, Chant. i, 13.
The rental of 1473 shows that the following held burgages: William Radcliffe,
divers burgages and an intake, at a rent
of 2s. 4d.; John Radcliffe, a burgage,
12d.; and Richard Radcliffe, the same;
Mamecestre, iii, 489–91.
Richard Radcliffe, lord of Radcliffe,
had lands in Manchester in 1501; Lancs.
Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 148.
Robert Radcliffe of Radcliffe, who died
in 1617, held a burgage, &c., of Richard
Holland, by a rent of 12d.; Lancs. Inq.
p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), ii, 75.
John Radcliffe, alias More, purchased
messuages, &c., about 1571; Pal. of
Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 33, m. 98; 34,
m. 66; 43, m. 99; 46, m. 67. |
| 146 |
A pedigree of the Radcliffes of the
Conduit was recorded in 1613; Visit.
(Chet. Soc.), 130. In 1511–12 James
Radcliffe and Thomas his son granted to
Robert Laboray land near the end of
St. Mary Gate; and in 1517–18 Thomas
son of James Radcliffe made another grant
to the same, as 'my brother-in-law';
Hulme D. no. 38, 39. Margaret widow
of James (son of Thomas) Radcliffe of
Manchester was a defendant in 1535;
Pal. of Lanc. Plea R. 161, m. 2d. A
William Radcliffe and Elizabeth his wife
in 1553 had a dispute with the Hulmes,
carried on in violent fashion; Duchy
Plead. iii, 143, 193. William Radcliffe,
said to be grandson of Thomas, occurs
frequently in the Ct. Leet Rec., and served
as one of the constables. He was described as 'of the Conduit.' At one time
he encroached upon Barkhouse Hill and
the Cuckstool Pool, but was in 1598 required to lay the ground open again; Ct.
Leet Rec. ii, 6, 145. He died early in
1600, and was succeeded by his son
William, then of full age; ibid. ii,
155. The son died in 1608, and
his heir, his son William, was of full
age; Ct. Leet. Rec. ii, 232. It was he
who recorded the pedigree in 1613, having
then two sons—Richard (aged six) and
William—and a daughter Mary. He
took an active part in the town's affairs.
He died in 1645, when his son Richard
succeeded him; by his will of 1641 he
desired to be buried 'within his chapel
at Manchester in the same place where
his father was buried'; ibid. iv, 4;
Wills (Chet. Soc. new ser.), ii, 216.
The will of his widow Elizabeth in 1659
(ibid. ii, 79) describes her grandson William as 'of Gray's Inn.'
Richard Radcliffe was an active Parliamentarian, being described as captain
and major, and was chosen to represent
the borough in Parliament in 1656; Civil
War Tracts (Chet. Soc.), 46, 51, 333;
Pink and Beaven, Parl. Repre. of Lancs.
295; Ct. Leet Rec. iv, 159. He died in
1657, leaving a son William (named
above) then under age; ibid. iv, 205.
This son died in 1670, being succeeded
in turn by his brothers John (died 1673)
and James. A deed of sale relating to a
shop in the Shambles or Fleshboards,
made by William Radcliffe in 1668, is
printed in Ct. Leet Rec. v, 136 n. James
Radcliffe was summoned in 1675 to do
his suit and service on succeeding; ibid.
vi, 8. He had a son William, probably
the William Radcliffe who was steward
of the lord's court from 1734 to 1743;
note by Mr. Earwaker; Ct. Leet Rec. vii,
29, 123. |
| 147 |
John Radcliffe died in June 1586,
holding various burgages and lands in
Marketstead Lane and Deansgate, partly
of the queen, partly of John Lacy, and
partly of William Radcliffe. Alexander,
the son and heir, was twelve years of age;
Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. xiv, 44; Ct.
Leet Rec. ii, 4. Alexander Radcliffe did
homage in 1595, on coming of age; ibid.
ii, 92. On 16 Aug. 1606 Mary daughter
of Alexander Radcliffe, Manchester, of
the Hill in Stretford [probably Coldhill
otherwise Colddale or Cowdale near Trafford is meant, see Hist. of Stretford (Chet.
Soc.), i, 121], was baptized at Manchester,
and another daughter, Ellen, was baptized
there on 4 Sept. 1608, but Alexander died 24 Mar. 1607–8 (ibid. ii,
193). He left a son John, four years
old; Ct. Leet Rec. ii, 233; Lancs. Inq.
p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 133.
John Radcliffe did fealty on coming of
age in 1625; Ct. Leet Rec. iii, 89. He
was described as 'of the Pool,' and was
buried at the collegiate church 28 June
1645, two sons and three daughters being
buried about the same time, having been
carried off by the plague; his widow is
mentioned in 1654; Ct. Leet Rec. iv, 115.
In Mr. Earwaker's note is given an account of the descent of the property to
John Radcliffe's daughter Sarah, who married John Alexander of Manchester, silversmith, and had a son Radcliffe Alexander, in whose will of 1701 mention is
made of his dwelling-place called the
Pool. See also ibid. v, 94 and vi, 166
(an order to cleanse the Pool, 1684).
The Didsbury registers record these
burials: 2 Oct. 1666; Mary the wife of
Mr. Alexander Ratlef of Stretford; 11
Aug. 1703; Lidie, the wife of Alexander
Ratlef of Stretford; Hist. of Stretford, i,
216.
A large number of extracts from the
Manchester registers relating to the Radcliffes were printed in Misc. Gen. et Her.
Nov. and Dec. 1891. A view and account of Pool Fold may be seen in
Pal. Note Bk. iii, 265. |
| 148 |
Richard Tetlow in 1473 held a
burgage formerly John Crompton's; Mamecestre, iii, 488.
In 1558 Thomas son of Henry son of
Thomas Tetlow claimed a messuage
against Thomas Travis; Pal. of Lanc.
Plea R. 203, m. 9. He also recovered
three messuages against Anne Tetlow,
widow; ibid. R. 204, m. 5 d, 6d.
John Tetlow in 1541 claimed a tenement in right of his wife Agnes, daughter
and heir of Edmund Bardsley; Duchy
Plead. ii, 162, 163. |
| 149 |
Richard Tipping is the first of the
family to appear in the Manchester records. In 1561 he had a house in Hanging Ditch close to the church, formerly
occupied by Richard Brownsword; Ct.
Leet Rec. i, 67, 92. He served various
offices, and prospered in his business as a
linen draper, purchasing houses and land;
ibid. ii, 9 (where a deed of purchase of
1587 is printed). He died in Oct. 1592,
his heirs being his grandson Richard
(son of John Tipping and a minor) and
his son Samuel; ibid. ii, 68, where are
given abstracts of his will and inquisition.
The will of his widow Isabel, sister of
Thomas Brownsword, dated 1598, is
printed by Piccope, Wills (Chet. Soc.), ii,
149.
Richard Tipping entered Brasenose
College, Oxford, in 1610 (Foster, Alumni),
but does not seem to have taken a degree; he was later described as 'clerk.'
He came of age in 1613, and did fealty;
Ct. Leet Rec. ii, 279. He died early, but
his uncles Samuel and George took a
prominent part in Manchester affairs.
The former died without issue, and
George Tipping (the son of Richard) was
on coming of age in 1640 found to be
his heir, and heir also of Margaret Nugent; ibid. iii, 323, 324. They had
houses and shops in the Shambles, and
George died in possession in 1685, when
his son Samuel was found to be his heir;
ibid. vi, 234. He and his descendants
long continued to live in Manchester and
the district, and acquired the manor of
Little Bolton. See the pedigree of Gartside Tipping in Burke, Landed Gentry.
Another George, son of the first-named
Richard Tipping, died in 1629, holding
various messuages, &c. in Manchester—
in the Further Smithy Field, Hanging
Ditch, Millgate, Nearer Tuefield (near
Newton Lane)—and in the Old Bailey,
London; Samuel, his son and heir, was
twenty-four years of age; Duchy of
Lanc. Inq. p.m. xxv, 34. Samuel Tipping died in 1641, leaving as heirs his
sister Elizabeth (wife of Richard) Haworth
and Peter Leigh, son of Peter Leigh of
High Legh by Mary, another sister; ibid.
xxix, 10. See also Ct. Leet Rec. iii, 168. |
| 150 |
The Willotts belonged to Fenny
Stratford, and appear about 1560 at Manchester. Thomas Willott the younger
died in 1577; in Manchester he held
burgages, messuages, &c., of the queen in
socage by a rent of 18d., and other messuages in the Old Bailey, London. He
married Ellen daughter of Sir Edmund
Trafford (who for her second husband had
Thomas Cogan, master of the grammar
school), and left a son Edmund, ten years
of age; Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. xiv,
22, 78; Manch. Ct. Leet Rec. i, 190. Edmund Willott died in July 1590, leaving
as heirs his sisters Isabel and Mary, the
former being twenty-seven years of age
and the latter eighteen; Duchy of Lanc.
Inq. p.m. xv, 5. Mary, eventually sole
heir, married George Tipping, mentioned
in the preceding note, and so her estate
descended to the Leighs of High Legh. |
| 151 |
George Travis died in 1584, holding land in Marketstead Lane; he left a
widow Margaret and a son George, who
was of full age; Manch. Corp. D.;
Ct. Leet Rec. i, 248. There was a third
George Travis holding property in right
of his wife Anne; ibid. i, 183, 187.
Lawrence Robinson died 8 May 1587,
holding a messuage in Manchester and
another in Newton of the warden and
fellows of the collegiate church; also
messuages near Salford Bridge and elsewhere in Salford of the queen; Robert,
his son and heir, was twelve years of
age; Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. xiv, 9.
See also Manch. Ct. Leet Rec. ii, 15.
Richard Smethurst, who had lands in
Bury and Middleton, had also a messuage
in Manchester held of the queen; he
died in 1597, leaving a son Richard
twenty-six years of age; Duchy of Lanc.
Inq. p.m. xvii, 74. The same or another
Richard Smethurst purchased lands in
1564; Ct. Leet Rec. i, 85. Richard
Smethurst, perhaps the son, was in 1599
ordered to make a sufficient pavement so
that the water might have due course
past the Booths; ibid. ii, 153. He died
in 1620, holding a burgage by the south
door of the Tollbooth, and his son Hugh
succeeded him; ibid. iii, 30; Lancs. Inq.
p.m. (Rec. Soc.), iii, 296 (where he is
called 'late of Tyldesley').
Henry Allen died in 1598 holding messuages in Manchester of Nicholas Mosley
by the hundredth part of a knight's fee
and a rent of 12d.; George, his son and
heir, was twelve years old; Duchy of
Lanc. Inq. p.m. xvii, 67. Henry Allen
was the heir (by bequest) of Edward
Janney, who died in 1553; and had an
elder brother Edward Allen, of age in
1568, who died in 1580, and to whom
he was heir; Ct. Leet Rec. i, 7, 121, 215.
The will of Edward Janney is printed in
Piccope, Wills, i, 157. George Allen
came of age in 1608, and in 1615 sold
a house to Henry Johnson; Ct. Leet Rec.
ii, 238, 305.
Ralph Proudlove died in 1588 holding
various burgages, &c., in Manchester;
his widow Margaret died in 1600; after
which the estate was divided, half going
to the next of kin, George Proudlove,
and half to the issue of his sister Ellen
Goodyear (who had died in 1591), Robert
her son succeeding; Lancs. Inq. p.m. (Rec.
Soc.), iii, 465.
George Birch of Deptford held two
burgages, &c., in Manchester of Sir N.
Mosley, by a rent of 6s.; he died in
1602, and his heir was his sister Elizabeth, wife of Christopher Brown; ibid.
iii, 463.
James Ashton of Manchester died in
1605, holding a messuage and land in
socage by a rent of 12d.; Joyce Ashton
was his sister and heir; ibid. iii, 466.
Thomas Edge of Whittle died at Manchester in 1607, holding a burgage of the
lord of the manor; he left two young
daughters as co-heirs; ibid. i, 112. He
had purchased the lands of Henry Ainsworth and John (son of Ralph) Sorocold
in 1602; Ct. Leet Rec. ii, 177, 84, 239.
Alice Edge, one of the daughters, in 1620
sold a moiety of a messuage 'at the end
of Salford bridge' to Edward Chetham;
ibid. iii, 29.
Robert Hulton, 'whittawer,' died in
1621 holding a messuage, &c., in Manchester of Edward Mosley by a rent of
9d.; the heir was his grandson, George,
son of George Hulton, twelve years of
age; Lancs. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.), ii, 244,
where the settlement made by Robert
Hulton's will is given; Ct. Leet Rec. iii,
48.
William Newsome died in 1621, holding a messuage of Edward Mosley; William, his son and heir, was thirty years
of age; Towneley MS. C, 8, 13 (Chet.
Lib.), 914; Ct. Leet Rec. iii, 52. The
younger William's executors in 1652 sold
lands to Mrs. Elizabeth Lomax; ibid.
iv, 74.
Jasper Fox died in 1623 holding burgages, &c., in Marketstead and Deansgate of the king; his son and heir
Richard was seven years old; Towneley
MS. C, 8, 13, p. 427. Jasper was the son
of Richard Fox, who died in 1622 (and
who was the son of another Richard Fox,
who died in 1587; Ct. Leet Rec. ii, 12),
holding lands in Deansgate and (Old)
Millgate purchased from Shallcross and
Byrom; ibid. iii, 51, where his will is
given. The family appear to have taken
an active part in the town's affairs.
Richard, the son of Jasper, came of age
in 1637; ibid. iii, 251. He died in or
before 1655, leaving two sons, Richard
and James; ibid. iv, 240; his will is
printed in the note.
Stephen Rodley or Radley, who had an
estate in Nottingham, held burgages, &c.,
in Manchester at his death in 1630, as
follows: One in Marketstead, bought of
Francis Pendleton; others in Hanging
Ditch, Rawlinson's Croft, Withy Grove,
and Shudehill Lane; also four messuages
in Blackley; William, his son and heir,
was twelve years old; Towneley MS. C, 8,
13, p. 1002. The surname frequently
occurs in the Ct. Leet Rec. from 1552 onwards, and in 1604 it was reported that
one Robert Rodley had died, and that his
grandson Robert was his heir and of full
age; ibid. ii, 198. Stephen Rodley is
first named in 1613, when he was appointed a constable; ibid. ii, 281. William his son came of age in 1639; ibid.
iii, 285, and see the note. Robert Rodley
was of Collyhurst in 1619; Hist. of Newton Chapelry (Chet. Soc.), ii, 76; Manch.
Ct. Leet Rec. iii, 18; also in 1623;
Newton, ii, 278.
Henry Johnson of Manchester, mercer,
held burgages and shops near the Smithy
Door, &c., of Edward Mosley by 12d.
rent, and died in 1637, leaving a son and
heir Thomas, sixteen years of age; Duchy
of Lanc. Inq. p.m. xxix, 24. Thomas
probably died before coming of age, as
another son, John, entered into possession
in 1653; Ct. Leet Rec. iv, 104, where
there is an abstract of the father's will.
William Buckley died in 1638, holding
a messuage; his son William was only a
year old; Towneley MS. C, 8, 13, p. 59;
Ct. Leet Rec. iii, 287, where is given a
summary of the will of William Buckley,
draper.
William Butler, yeoman, held nine
messuages, &c., of the king; his own
house was in St. Mary Gate. He died in
1639, leaving four daughters as co-heirs
—Margaret wife of Roger Finch the
younger of Chorley; Mary, Anne, and
Elizabeth—of whom the last was nine
years of age, and the others over twentyone; Towneley MS. C, 8, 13, p. 66; Ct.
Leet Rec. iii, 329, where Mary is called
wife of Richard Hunt; abstracts of the
wills of William Butler, innkeeper, and
of his widow Ellen are given in the note.
Thomas Harrison died in 1628 holding two messuages in Manchester, and
others in Wyresdale and Ellel; Edward,
his son and heir, was forty years of age;
Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. xxx, 72. They
are not mentioned in the Ct. Leet Rec.
Henry Keeley died in 1640, holding
messuages, &c., in Hanging Bridge and
Smithy Door; Thomas, his son and heir,
was thirty-five years old; Duchy of Lanc.
Inq. p.m. xxx, 21. The father seems to
have settled in the town about 1610; he
and his son are frequently mentioned in
the Ct. Leet Rec.; see ii, 259; iii, 329
(will). Thomas was succeeded by his
sister Mary and her (second) husband
Nicholas Hawet in 1648; ibid. iv, 13.
In 1659 the estate was in the hands of
the trustees of her first husband, John
Griffin; ibid. iv, 251. Mr. Crofton says:
'The name Keeley was sometimes spelt
Caley, and Caley banks or bongs were
on the east side of Oxford Street, where
it slopes down to the Medlock from the
canal. Members of the family owned
land in Salford (Portmote Rec., indexed as
Kelley).'
William Cooke, who died in 1641,
held burgages, &c., in Deansgate, and
left several daughters as co-heirs, of whom
Mary, the eldest, wife of Leonard Egerton,
was nineteen years of age. The others
were Martha, Hannah, Jane, and Ruth;
Ellen Mosley and Esther Halstead were
dead; Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. xxix, 5.
William Cooke is frequently named in the
Ct. Leet Rec.; the son-in-law was Leonard
Egerton of the Shaw in Flixton; Dugdale, Visit. 102.
The above represent only a few of the
burgesses and landholders in the town, the
inquisitions quoted having survived by
chance; but by the aid of the Ct. Leet
Rec., wills, &c., it is probable that a
fairly complete account might be compiled of the householders of Manchester
in the period between 1550 and 1650.
In several cases the inquisitions not only
describe the situations of the various properties, but record also the names of the
occupiers. |
| 152 |
Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.),
i, 248, 250. |
| 153 |
Dugdale, Visit. 242; see Ct. Leet
Rec. iv, 74. Ridgefield is said to derive
its name from its former owners. The
following were also summoned by the
herald:—Beswick, John Houlden, Francis Worthington, James Lancashire, and
Thomas Illingworth; Visit. v. |
| 154 |
A number of references will be
found in preceding notes.
Robert de Billsbrough and Leuca his
wife in 1256 acquired tenements in Manchester from Simon son of Luke de Manchester and others; Final Conc. i, 128.
Ralph son of Robert de Manchester
in 1284 successfully claimed a messuage
and 2½ acres against Robert de Braybon
and Ellen his wife; Assize R. 1265, m. 4.
In 1292 William son of Margery de
Manchester was plaintiff and Nicholas
son of Robert son of Simon de Manchester, defendant, in a suit respecting a
tenement in the town; Assize R. 408,
m. 46.
In 1333 Margery widow of Adam son
of Robert de Manchester claimed dower
against Henry son of Robert son of
Simon; De Banco R. 295, m. 102 d.
In 1338 Henry son of Robert son of
Robert de Manchester claimed messuages
and lands in the town against Henry son
of John son of Sir Henry de Trafford,
Adam son of Richard de Manchester,
Henry Boterind and Richard his son;
De Banco R. 314, m. 225.
Hugh de Manchester, a Dominican,
was in 1294 sent as ambassador to France
by Edward I; he wrote a work De Fanaticorum Deliriis. It is doubted whether
he belonged to Manchester or to Mancetter in Warwickshire, but in the Patent
Rolls his surname is given as Mamcestre
or Maunnecestre; Cal. Pat. 1292–1301,
pp. 85, 131. See an essay by Mr. W. E. A.
Axon in Lancs. and Ches. Antiq. Soc. ii,
108–14. |
| 155 |
The Act (7 Anne, cap. 6) is printed
in the Rev. Charles Wareing Bardsley's
Mem. of St. Ann's Ch. (1877), 141–8.
This work contains a full account of the
origin of the church, as well as of its incumbents and their work down to the end
of the 18th century; the hymn books
used in Manchester churches are noticed,
and the rise of Sunday schools is told.
Among the most noteworthy of the rectors
were Archdeacon Ward, 1745 to 1785,
who has already occurred among the vicars
of Childwall, and James Bardsley. |
| 156 |
The Marriage Act of 1754 stopped
the celebration of marriages at St. Ann's.
Dr. Deacon, the Nonjurors' bishop, was
buried in the churchyard. The last burial
there was in 1854. The gravestones are
now concealed, the churchyard being a
public garden, but the inscriptions are in
the Owen MSS. (Free Library), xiii, 201;
xxix, 3. |
| 157 |
The patronage of this and other
churches held by the Bishop of Chester
was transferred to the Bishop of Manchester in 1859. |
| 158 |
Bardsley, op. cit. 12; the author
gives some reasons for supposing that it
was built for the Whigs or Low Churchmen of the town. |
| 159 |
Lond. Gaz. 29 Mar. 1839. |
| 160 |
Church 1905, tower 1907. |
| 161 |
There is a local tradition that Wren
or one of his pupils designed the building,
St. Andrew's Holborn being the model.
Dr. Byrom wrote to his wife in 1752
from London, 'Mr. Hooper, Clowes, and
I went in a coach and light at Holborn
and went into St. Andrew's Church. It
was the model, I believe, of the new church
at Manchester.' There is, however, no
evidence to substantiate the tradition. |
| 162 |
a The inscribed date is two years
earlier than the date letter. |
| 163 |
Bardsley, Memorials of St. Ann's
Church, 14 n. The plate formerly belonging to St. Mary's has been transferred
to St. Ann's (see inscriptions) |
| 164 |
a MS. transcript may be seen at the
Reference Library. |
| 165 |
b 26 Geo. II, cap. 45. |
| 166 |
Aston, Manch. 76–8; the interior
was dark but 'solemnly handsome.' The
spire was taken down in 1854. |
| 167 |
For an account of the church see
Lancs. and Ches. Antiq. Soc. viii, 137.
The graveyard inscriptions are in the
Owen MSS. There is a transcript of
the registers in the Reference Library. |
| 168 |
Lond. Gaz. 29 Mar. 1839. |
| 169 |
Aston, Manch. 78. |
| 170 |
A district was assigned in 1839;
Lond. Gaz. ut sup. |
| 171 |
Aston, op. cit. 79–82. One of the
stained-glass windows was brought from a
convent at Rouen. The building is of
brick, with west tower, and was restored in
1874–8, when the galleries were removed.
The patronage was vested in the heirs of
the founder for one turn after the first
appointment. It was built under a special
Act, 9 Geo. III, cap. 60; Pal. Note Bk.
iv, 81.
The church is noteworthy as the scene
of the labours of the 'amiable, venerated
and respected' John Clowes, M.A., fellow
of Trinity Coll. Cambridge. He was from
1773 an ardent disciple of Emmanuel
Swedenborg, and devoted his energies and
wealth to the propagation of the new doctrines; it is no doubt through him that
Swedenborgianism made great progress in
the Manchester district. His zeal did not
prevent his receiving offers of preferment
in the Established Church. He died in
1831, having been rector of St. John's
from 1769. There is a biography of him
by Theodore Compton, and a notice in
Dict. Nat. Biog.; W. Axon, Annals of
Manch. 182. He must be distinguished
from two of the name—one, vicar of Eccles
and incumbent of Trinity Church, Salford,
the other, a fellow of the collegiate church
and heir of the Clowes estates.
There is a monument to William Marsden, 'who presided over the committee
which obtained for Manchester, in 1843,
the Saturday Half Holiday'; he died in
1848.
A district was assigned to this church
in 1839, as above. John Evans' history
of the parish exists in MS. in the Free
Library; an article by him is printed in
the Manch. Lit. Club Papers, v, 106. The
graveyard inscriptions are in the Owen
MSS. |
| 172 |
Aston, Manch. 82–3; 'the church
was built (aided by the sale of the pews)
by the late Rev. Cornelius Bayley, D.D.'
in whom and his heirs the presentation
was vested till 1847. A district was assigned in 1839 as above. The graveyard
inscriptions are in the Owen MSS. |
| 173 |
a Aston, Manch. 83–4. The church
was built by the Rev. Humphrey Owen,
whose family had the presentation till
1849. The founder, formerly of Flixton,
became rector of St. Mary's Manchester
The cemetery was intended for the poor,
many coffins being placed in each grave or
pit before it was filled up. In 1815 a
piece of land called Walker's Croft, on the
north bank of the Irk, was purchased for
a like purpose. This is now covered by
Victoria Station. There are copies of the
inscriptions in the Owen MSS.
St. Michael's had a district granted to
it in 1839, as above. |
| 174 |
b Aston, op. cit. 89. It was built by
its first minister, the Rev. E. Smyth, and
was 'a handsome building of brick and
stone, with a small stone spire.' One of
the incumbents, William Nunn (d. 1840),
an Evangelical of the strict Calvinist type,
was a man of great influence; a Memoir
was published; see also Manch. Guardian
N. and Q. no. 1285.
The church, which was never consecrated, was sold by the trustees in 1875,
and three others were built—St. Clement's,
Greenheys, 1881 (previously a schoolchurch in Hulme), of which the incumbent of the old church became rector;
St. Clement's Ordsall, 1878, and St.
Clement's Broughton, in 1881; information of Mr. C. W. Sutton. |
| 175 |
c This church was in its time regarded
as a 'singularly elegant piece of architecture'; the interior was 'a model of elegance and taste. The subscribers had the
good sense to reject old rules which had
not utility for their object; and dared to
introduce comfort, convenience and propriety into the temple of God'; Aston,
op. cit. 86–9. The steeple was a later
addition. The patronage was vested in
twenty-one trustees for a period of sixty
years from 1794. The church contained
a 'Descent from the Cross,' by Annibal
Carracci; See Hibbert - Ware, Manch.
Foundations, ii, 292. The church was long
famous for its musical services.
A district was assigned to this church,
as to the foregoing, in 1839; it has been
added to St. James's. The site has been
sold to the corporation. A memorial
cross now marks the site. |
| 176 |
Aston, Manch. 90. As before, a
district was assigned in 1839. There are
copies of the inscriptions in the Owen
MSS. |
| 177 |
Sir Charles Barry was the architect.
It was one of his first essays in Gothic,
and a 'subject for laughter' in his later
days; Life of Sir C. Barry, 68. The
district was assigned in 1828; Lond.
Gaz. 4 July. |
| 178 |
A district was assigned in 1839. |
| 179 |
The church was built for Dr. Samuel
Warren (father of the novelist), who had
been expelled from the Wesleyan Methodist Connexion. A district was assigned
to it in 1842; Lond. Gaz. 19 July. |
| 180 |
For this body see Nightingale, Lancs.
Nonconf. v, 181, 182. |
| 181 |
Axon, Ann. of Manch. 195. |
| 182 |
The church has been closed; the
district is added to St. James's. |
| 183 |
A district was formed for it in 1844,
and altered in 1856; Lond. Gaz. 1 July. |
| 184 |
A district was granted in 1844;
Lond. Gaz. 22 Oct. |
| 185 |
For district and endowment, Lond.
Gaz. 22 Mar. 1850. |
| 186 |
A district was assigned in 1856;
Lond. Gaz. 1 July. |
| 187 |
For details of the matter, which
lasted from 1879 till 1882, see T. Hughes,
Life of Bishop Fraser, 254–84. |
| 188 |
A district was formed in 1860;
Lond. Gaz. 16 May. |
| 189 |
For district see Lond. Gaz. 3 Aug.
1860. |
| 190 |
For district, ibid. 10 Jan. 1865. |
| 191 |
For district, ibid. 4 July 1871. |
| 192 |
For district, ibid. 10 July 1874.
The church is to be demolished, and the
district divided between St. Peter's, Oldham Road, and St. Barnabas'. |
| 193 |
The land, church, and other buildings were the gift of Charles P. Stewart,
of the Atlas Works, Manchester; Axon,
Ann. 341. For district see Lond. Gaz.
1 Dec. 1874. |
| 194 |
See N. and Q. (Ser. 1), xii, 85. |
| 195 |
Axon, Ann. 117. James Ray in
his Hist. of the Rebellion thus describes
the congregation of 1745:—'I don't
know of what body the congregation
consists, they not allowing any to come
amongst them but such as are of their
own sort, who (like the more worshipful
society of Freemasons) are under an oath
not to divulge what is transacted there.' |
| 196 |
See Everett, Methodism in Manch.
Whitefield preached in the town in 1738. |
| 197 |
'Methodist Meeting' appears in
Berry's plan c. 1752. |
| 198 |
a Oldham Street Chapel was taken
down in 1883; it is represented by the
Central Hall of the Wesleyan Mission. |
| 199 |
Viz. in 1787, 1791, 1795, 1799,
1803, 1809, 1815, 1821, 1827, 1833,
1841, 1849, 1859, 1871, 1887, 1902. |
| 200 |
a Of Bridgewater Street an account
was given in Manch. Guardian, 24 July
1888. The Barnes family, of whom was
Robert Barnes the benefactor, attended
this chapel. There are copies of the
gravestone inscriptions in the Owen MSS. |
| 201 |
Manch. Guardian N. and Q. no. 1247;
it was afterwards the Mealhouse, then the
manor court-house, and down to about
1850 was used as a Sunday school. |
| 202 |
These details are from Aston,
Manch. (ed. 1816), 99–101, and Baines,
Lancs. Dir. (1825), ii, 140. |
| 203 |
A Welsh Methodist chapel called
St. David's was built in 1817 in Parliament Street; Baines, Lancs. Dir. ii, 140. |
| 204 |
Their founder was the versatile
John Wigan, also considered the founder
of the local Independents. He was
minister of Birch Chapel about 1650, and
afterwards fought in the Parliamentary
army; see Martindale, Autobiog. (Chet.
Soc.), 75. A Mr. Jones, Anabaptist
minister, is mentioned by Henry Newcome in 1659; Autobiog. (Chet. Soc.),
111. A Baptist chapel existed in 1717;
Gastrell, Notitia (Chet. Soc.), ii, 57. |
| 205 |
Lancs. and Ches. Antiq. Soc. viii,
129; it was demolished in 1899. |
| 206 |
Baines, Lancs. Dir. ii, 140; there
was in 1875 a third chapel in York Street,
near the Infirmary, built in 1807. In
addition, the General (or Arminian) Baptists had two small chapels opened in
1824 and 1825. There was in 1857 a
Welsh Baptist chapel in Granby Street. |
| 207 |
Nightingale, Lancs. Nonconf. v,
107–47; from this account the brief summary in the text is derived. For the
Ancoats, Oldham Road, Ashley Lane, and
Queen's Park churches, see ibid. 180–8,
190. |
| 208 |
The Confession of Faith, &c., of the
Church of Christ in Hunter's Croft,
Manchester, was printed in 1764. |
| 209 |
a Copies of the inscriptions are in
the Owen MSS. |
| 210 |
This chapel had a famous minister
in Dr. Robert S. McAll, who died in
1838. |
| 211 |
The 'Scots Calvinists,' or United
Secession Church, built a chapel, called
St. Andrew's, in Lloyd Street in 1799;
it was removed to Brunswick Street,
Chorlton upon Medlock, in 1858, and
now belongs to the Presbyterian Church
of England. Another Scotch Church, in
Mosley Street, was founded in 1831. |
| 212 |
The cause was founded in 1837. |
| 213 |
Fox, Journ. (ed. 1852), i, 60, 305.
The meeting was established about 1653
by Thomas Briggs; information of Mr. R.
Muschamp. |
| 214 |
Aston, Manch. 102; Baines, Lancs.
Dir. ii, 140. In 1774 a distraint was
made on twenty Quakers who refused to
pay their tithes; Manch. Constables' Accts.
iii, 297. |
| 215 |
Nightingale, op. cit. v, 81–107;
Sir T. Baker, Mem. of a Dissenting
Chapel, containing an account of the
ministers, trustees, &c., with illustrations;
Pal. Note Bk. i, 28; G. E. Evans, Recs.
of Prov. Assembly of Lancs. and Ches. |
| 216 |
Henry Newcome was born in 1627
at Caldecote, Hunts.; educated at St.
John's Coll. Cambridge; M.A., 1650;
ordained as a Presbyterian; rector of
Gawsworth 1650 to 1657; chaplain—
there were then no fellows—of Manchester 1657 to 1662. He was buried in
the chapel 30 Sept. 1695. For fuller
accounts of him see the works cited in
the last note; also Pal. Note Bk. i, 17, &c.
His Diary and Autobiog. have been printed
(in part) by the Chetham Society; the
Introduction to the former of these (by
Thomas Heywood) contains a biography. |
| 217 |
a For the Plungeon family see Pal.
Note Bk. iii, 249, 283. The monumental
inscriptions are in the Owen MSS. |
| 218 |
Notices of several will be found in
Dict. Nat. Biog. |
| 219 |
Nightingale, op. cit. v, 104. |
| 220 |
Some Manchester reminiscences are
printed in Harland's Collectanea (Chet.
Soc.), ii, 232–41. The building was at
the lower end of Mosley Street (then
Dawson Street), a little north of St. Peter's
Church. |
| 221 |
Aston, Manch. 103. |
| 222 |
a
N. and Q. (Ser. 7), xii, 323. |
| 223 |
Baines, Lancs. Dir. ii, 140. They
had another in Gartside Street in 1826. |
| 224 |
In the whole parish in 1626 there
were only four 'convicted recusants and
non-communicants' paying specially; Lay
Subs. R. 131/312. For presentments
of recusants at the beginning of the
17th century see Manch. Constables' Accts.
i, 56, 162, 165. |
| 225 |
Royalist Comp. Papers (Rec. Soc.
Lancs. and Ches.), iv, 122, 123. |
| 226 |
Notitia Cestr. ii, 57, &c. Susannah
Reddish, widow, in 1717 as a 'papist'
registered a small estate in Salford; Estcourt and Payne, Engl. Cath. Non-jurors,
153. In 1729 the Rev. Will. Huddleston, O.S.B., publicly renounced his religion in the Collegiate Church; Manch.
Guardian N. and Q. no. 1263; Loc. Gleanings, ii, 128. |
| 227 |
Trans. Hist. Soc. (New Ser.), xviii,
214. The details of the chapelries were:
Manchester, 287; Blackley, 1; Chorlton,
1 (viz. Mr. Barlow); Salford, 64; Stretford, 20 (exclusive of Mr. Trafford, who
lived mostly at York). |
| 228 |
This account is chiefly derived from
a statement prepared by Mr. Joseph Gillow in 1902. Thomas Weedon, a Worcestershire man, was admitted to the
English College at Rome in 1658, and
was sent on the mission in 1663; Foley,
Rec. S.J. vi, 395. |
| 229 |
Manch. Guardian N. and Q. no. 278.
Baines, on the other hand, states that 'in
the early part of the last (18th) century the
Catholics had a chapel in Smithy Door,
in a building now the Grey Horse publichouse, behind which there is still a large
unoccupied piece of ground, then used as
a burial ground'; Lancs. Dir. ii, 139. |
| 230 |
'At that time toleration was not
sufficiently liberal to allow any insulated
Catholic chapel, and like all others of
that day, the one under consideration is
attached to a dwelling-house'; Aston,
Manch. (1816), 93. A description follows. |
| 231 |
a The builder was one of the most
notable personages in Manchester in his
time—Rowland Broomhead, a Yorkshireman, born 1751, educated at the English
College, Rome, and ordained priest in
1775. He was sent to Manchester in
1778, and laboured there till his death in
1820, gaining universal respect; Gillow,
Bibl. Dict. of Engl. Cath. i, 316. |
| 232 |
This is about to be closed, the site
being required by the corporation. It is
to be rebuilt in Chorlton-upon-Medlock. |
| 233 |
There were stormy scenes at this
church in 1846, the priest in charge
(Daniel Hearne) having a dispute with the
Vicar Apostolic; Gillow, Bibl. Dict. of
Engl. Cath. iii, 232. |
| 234 |
Aston, Manch. 105; Baines, Lancs.
Dir. ii, 141. |