Elizabeth: February 1560

641. Croft to Norfolk. [Feb. 1. 1559–60.]

Yesterday Lord Home and I met, but Cesford came not. It would be too long to write our communication; he would fain remain neuter, as he had not been of council formerly, and he saw not how with honour he could discharge himself to the Regent. Nevertheless he said he would be most advised by his friends Huntly and Lord Ryven. I said Ryven would counsel him to follow the way he had taken in hand; also Lord Huntly had promised to take plain part with the Congregation, which he would hardly believe. In the end he desired to be borne with, till he might advise further: saying if he could do no better, he would keep good quiet on the Border, and suffer his people to victual the army and serve the Congregation; and promised, if commanded to serve the Regent, he will not have above 20 horse in his company. I required of his lordship to know Cesford's mind, for I knew they had been at sundry councils and determined to take one part? 'Hyt ys trew' said he, 'that we have byn at sondry concels, and yett we have not determyned any thyng'; and he willed me to take Cesford's own answer, who he knew would be glad to speak with me, and had come as far as "Hewme" now, but for needful business had to return, but he would give him warning to appoint a meeting. He was very inquisitive if our army would enter Scotland, wishing the report of my mouth, "but thereyn I left hym to hys own imagynacyon." In the end he desired me to give him notice before hand, that he might declare to the Regent he could not resist our power. I heard from sundry, the Regent was practising both in England and Scotland to take the Laird of Ledyngton, who should have good guard both through Northumberland and in his lodging.

The weather has prevented any man from Wynter on Tuesday or yesterday, as I looked for: but with the first passage I will send your grace's letters of 27^th and 29^th January to the lords and him. Where Thomas Randall writes that the Duke of Chatylharault and his complices hope much of the 500 harquebusiers coming to Fife, I assure you they should have been sent if possible with the ships; which case is now altered, and it is most certain, that if the ships had been stayed but one tide, we had failed of the success by their timely arrival in the Frith. And now, if I had the means to embark them, I know not to what purpose, for the French are so far marched, as unless the Congregation can hinder them, they be near Leith by this time. The last I heard of them, was they were within 8 miles of Stirling on Friday, where the laird of Grange overthrew their horsemen. Other bruits I hear of their coming this side Stirling, and the Duke's gathering to meet them, but I have two at Edinburgh, by whom I look for news hourly. Berwick. Signed: Jamys Croft.

4 pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

642. Randolph to Sadleir and Croft. [Feb. 4.]

Immediately on "Brimstone's" arrival here, the Duke dispatched him to my lord Arran and Lord James in Fife, who hearing the Duke of Norfolk's desire for a meeting, Arran came hither to consult with the rest, who have devised to send Lord James, the Master of Maxwell, Lord Ruthen and M^r Henry "Balneus," on any day his grace appoints. But as they are not all here, and require time to prepare, I pray your honors give knowledge to his grace, that he may appoint a somewhat longer day after the 20^th of this present, and a place to meet him, returning notice with speed by this bearer.

I doubt not a little what is become of my last messenger to you with my letters of 22^d, for he has already broken 3 days of his promise. I wrote also to you on 25^th by Carlisle, to Newcastle or Berwick, which I hope has reached you.

The French retired out of Fife, in great dishonour, sustaining great hunger and loss of men. The arrival of our ships encouraged many who lay by to take part with them. Others in Fife, as the Lairds of Wemys, Bawerie, Syfelde, Bagonie, &c., that took open part with the French, have promised fidelity and given pledges never to stand against the Congregation. This has been the Lord James's act since the French came their way. Grange's house is clean overthrown, and the custody of Burntisland given him by the lords. The French have burnt divers houses, and used great cruelty. They remained in Stirling on return but one day, and left 4 enseigns. Their intentions were doubtful, but this day word came that they both in Stirling and Lithcow, were determined to remove to Edinburgh. They took the Duke's house of Kenele, and burnt everything in it, for there was nothing they could take away. One gentleman and 2 soldiers were slain by those that held it against them. The Duke's men took that day "a faythefull chaplayne and a paynefull" of the Bishop of S^t Andrews, called Sir Androw Olifant, that accompanied the French by command of his lord and master. There was found about him a bill of as many as the bishop had named to be saved from spoiling in Fife: a copy of this is sent to Lord James, that the bishop's friends may be known and himself put in the prison of Glascowe.

It is greatly feared that Lord Ersken will receive the Queen "Dougior," notwithstanding the late controversy between him and the French in Leith, that accused him as enemy to their countrymen. It is said the fortification of Leith daily fails, this weather nothing advanceth it. The winter is so unkind, the French long after the summer: their misery is such that I wonder what hope of life they have, and we hear they have no small doubt themselves. Only one lord in Lothian obeyed the Dowager's orders to burn their own corn; and others she trusted are like to leave her. The lords wish to know which of the 12 hostages the Queen will choose, to avoid the charge of bringing all. This day a gentleman was sent to Huntly to come as soon as possible to the Duke, and have his friends ready on 4 days' warning. It is not doubted he will be here and very forward. Sutherland since being hurt, is a great enemy to the French. Huntly's reason (he says) for not sooner joining, was he feared the other lords would make composition with the French. This much Sutherland says on his behalf to Arran and Lord James, as desired by him. More English ships are reported: I never saw men more joyful of felicity than these. An old prophecy, that there should be two winters in one year and great wonders in Scotland, is thought fulfilled by Wynter the admiral's arrival. With such follies men sometimes recreate their spirits. Having been required by the Duke to accompany these lords to my lord Duke's grace, I know not what purpose it would serve, unless to open some things to your honours by mouth, which I cannot write, and beg your advice herein. Glasgow. Signed: T. R.

It may please your honours this letter may discharge my duty to M^r Secretary. La Marque remains where he was.

3½ pp. Holograph, closely written. No address. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

643. Lord James to Sadleir and Croft. [Feb. 6.]

Albeit "we" were resolved long ago to send this bearer M^r Whytlaw to you (as you may perceive by this other writing) yet for divers occasions we have deferred it. Being loth to trouble with long writing, we desire you let him have the thing the other writing requires, and give him credence in all matters as to "my self." S^t Andrews. Signed: James Stewart.

⅓ p. Addressed Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

644. Lennox to Cecill. [Feb. 7.]

On this 5^th February my friend the laird of Gaston arrived here from Scotland, who was here before Christmas, as I certifyed you by my servant Nesbet. As it has always been "my trayd" to give you news of importance, this is what he tells me.—

On his return to the Scottish Court, "temporisyng" in absence of the Bishop of Caithness and my friends, and hearing no word from me, of his zeal for me he repaired to the Queen Regent, declaring my good mind, my licence to treat for my own in Scotland, and sending him to know her highness' pleasure. That hearing no word, he would return to England to know the "lette," praying her grace to be "good ladye" in my causes. Who said she would be, but understood not the particulars of my desires, and seeing he went that way, willed him to carry a "pack" of letters from her to the French ambassador in London. Before this, I had a letter from my cousin James Stewart who has charge under the Regent, whereto I think she was privy, and participated it to my lord lieutenant his grace, with my answer. I forbear any answer to Gaston in these things till I know the Queen's pleasure. My house at Sutringhton. Signed: Mathow Levenax.

1¼ pp. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

645. Knox to Cecill. [Feb. 8.]

One of my especial friends a young man Richard Anderson, who left us in October last to dispatch his business in France, has not since been heard of, and it is supposed has been stayed in your country. If so be, I doubt not by your favour he and things justly pertaining to him, will be delivered. For he has been one of us since the first erecting of the church in Edinburgh, and his mother is the most faithful matron and most liberal to the saints afflicted, that we have in those quarters. If either were enemies to this cause, no earthly thing should "cause me to procure" in his favour. The sum he was to receive from the hands "of a banqueur, surmonted xij^c frankis." I am thus bold to require of you, because I am assured of your favour towards all that unfeignedly profess Christ Jesus. S^t Andrews. Signed: John Knox.

¾ p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

646. Norfolk, &c. to Cecill. [Feb. 8.]

You shall receive letters, brought here last night from Croft and Wynter by captain Sowthaick, who informs us that 13 men of war ride in the Frith in good state, saving they fear lack of victual. Wynter asks aid and money, for which order shall be taken.

You see from these the French are back at Edinburgh, and we look daily for some of the lords coming here to confer on the exploit to Leith, wherein we earnestly desire the Queen's certain resolution with speed.

On Sunday last Lord Graye arrived, and next day Sir George Howard, whereon we devised together on the said exploit; and though we cannot certainly resolve till we confer with the Scottish lords, yet meantime we send you a proportion of ordnance and munition, the least that may be for a battery. We find great difficulty in land carriage of the same at this time of year, both from the deep and foul ways between Berwick and Leith, and draught horses cannot be had in time. Therefore we suppose they must be taken by sea, the foot landed as near Leith as may be, the horse going by land, when we hear the foot are on shore. We pray the Queen's pleasure and your opinions thereon. Newcastle.

Postscript.—We received these other letters from Thomas Randall alias Barnaby, showing who of the lords are to confer with us, to whom we appointed a day on 25^th instant at Berwick, for they can come no sooner. We beg the Queen s certain resolution for proceeding, and also which of their pledges we shall receive, thinking those named herein most meet. You can well consider how the Queen's treasure consumes, without any fruit of service, and fear a greater supply will be needed, though we save charges as much as we can, and have stayed the lighthorse from Yorkshire till the 20^th instant Signed: Tho. Norff., Wyllyam Grey, R. Sadleir, G. Howard, F. Leek.

Names of the pledges:—1, The Duke of Chastelherault's 2^d son; 2, the Earl of Argyll's father's brother's son; 3, the Earl of Glencairn's son James Conyngham; 4, the Earl of Menteith's son George Graham; 5, the lord Ruthven's son Archibald Ruthven; 6, the lord James's brother uterine, Robert Douglas.

2 pp. Written by Railton. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

647. Randolph to Sadleir and Croft. [Feb. 10.]

On the 8^th, lord James, the Master of Maxwell and other lords arrived here to consult on dispatching some to meet the Duke of Norfolk, and being fully resolved, they pray his grace to be at Berwick on the 23^d instant, where he shall find Lord James, Lord Ruthven, Master of Maxwell, Laird of Patarrowe, and M^r Henry Balvanes appointed by the whole council here. My lords James and Ruthven, with Patarrowe and Balvanes embark at Pittenweem in the Frith, and I have written M^r Wynter to provide a vessel for them. Maxwell being near the Borders, goes by land. The hostages shall be all ready at S^t Andrews for the Duke to name those he likes. The hope of all men is great, their numbers daily increase. The Bishop of S^t Andrews desires some poor place to retire to: their case is pitiful, when their clergy begin to fail them. Huntly has begun to reform religion in his country; on the 14^th all the nobles of these parts assemble at Aberdeen. The Earls of Athol, Errol, Montrose, Marshall, Crawfurd, Lords Gray, Oglevie, Drummond and Olifant, promise to do as Huntly advises them, whereof lords Gordon and Ruthen this day advertised the lords. The 4 French enseignes I wrote of, remain at Stirling, the rest at Edinburgh, Leith and the country thereabout. They impede what they can, and any force coming there shall have no victuals. It is said they required many to burn their own corn, and destroy their mills, as your honours may know better than myself. I stand in great doubt if my letters reach you, seeing I have no word of three messengers besides this one, or one I sent to my lord Dacres with letters that way to your honours, and beg to know what is become of them, or if I can send otherwise. Unless I hear to the contrary, I must accompany my lord James to Berwick, as determined. May your honours live long to enjoy the fruit insuing to both these realms, if by God's will they shall now be united in such faith and amity as never was since they were first divided asunder. Glasgow. Signed: T. R.

Lord James sends his provision before him by water.

2 pp. Holograph, closely written. No address. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

Perhaps inclosed with the same:—

(News of the French.)

My lord Dossell came to Edinburgh this last Friday [Feb. 9] at even with all the French, except 4 bands left in Stirling. In coming by Lynlythqu, he destroyed Kynneill a place of my lord Duke's. As for the rest of the French bands, 4 "handsehais" (enseigns) shall remain in the town of Edinburgh, 3 in Mussilburgh, with the "croner" (colonel ?) lodged in Pynkin house; certain other bands in Dalkeith, Newbatill, and Lasswaid. The Queen's grace lets them garrison these parts till she is further advised, but all the time they were absent, they were very evil handled. My lord of Arran is with the Duke his father at Hamilton.

⅓ p. In a Scottish hand. No date or signature.

648. Norfolk, &c. to Cecill. [Feb. 11.]

The enclosed letter from the Queen Dowager, was brought hither by a Scottish herald. Though it importeth some credit to him, he had none: wherefore supposing he was but sent to spy our doings, I thought good to dismiss him, saying in a day or two I would send a special messenger to the Dowager with suitable answer. And I have now sent Chester herald with my letters as the enclosed copy will show, and instructed him to bring us what news of their doings he can attain. I also send copy of a proclamation set forth by the Dowager, whereby you may see they look for open war at our hands: and therefore the more expedient it is to consider and foresee our enterprises. We shall advertise farther what ensues of the said proclamation. Newcastle. Signed: Tho. Norff., Wyllyam Grey, R. Sadleir, G. Howard, F. Leek.

1 p. Written by Railton. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk): "xij^th of Februarie," &c.

Inclosed in the same:—

(1) (The Queen Dowager to Norfolk.)

We intend to send a French gentleman Jehan de Montaignac, to the Queen your sovereign for our affairs, and because of some "novatioun occurrand," have stayed him till we know he may have sure passage. Desiring you to advertise us thereof by the bearer Ilay herald, and grant him safe conduct for the same gentleman and 4 in company; desiring credence for the herald. Edinburgh, 6^th February. Signed: la bien votre, Marie R.

¼ p. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

(2) (Norfolk to the Dowager.)

Having received her letter of 6^th by Ilaye herald, and knowing of no such impediment, assures her grace that on the gentleman's arrival at Berwick, he will take order for his safe passage to Court. Newcastle, 12^th February.

⅓ p. Copy by Railton. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

(3) (Proclamation by the King and Queen of Scots.)

Francis and Mary by the grace of God, King and Queen of Scots, &c., to their sheriffs of Selkirk and Roxburgh, &c., and Patrick Runsimen, &c., messengers, &c., greeting. Our dearest mother the Queen Dowager and Regent having thought it expedient to stop the wicked doings of the English ships in "our water of Frithe," and the intended invasion of their army through the Merse and East Lothian, "to what purpose God knowith," but supposed for assistance of certain rebels and conspirators against our authority: Our will is ye proclaim at the market crosses of Selkirk, Jedworth [ ] that all our subjects betwixt 60 and 16 well furnished "in feir of weir," muster at our town of Edinburgh with 20 days' victual on 24 hours' warning, to resist the same, on pain of "tinsell" of life, lands, &c. Under our signet at Edinburgh 2^d February 2^d and 18^th of our reigns.

1 p. Broad sheet. Copy by Railton. Indorsed.

649. Wynter to Norfolk. [Feb. 12.]

By my servant from Berwick I received this day your grace's letters. The last dated 2^d, tells how thankfully my service is received, wherefor I thank your grace. M^r Southaick would inform you of all things, and whereas I wrote by him for 700£. to provide 14 days' victual in Fife and Angus, now it may please you to know the Prymeros and the Robart of Ipswich brought here this day the ships from London with 2 months' victuals. The masters report great part of the beer and biscuit spoiled with the cruel weather. Your grace needs not now send more than 300£. for what we have received, for I will release the rest. I beseech 1000£. to relieve our men with "hose and showes," yet it will not make a month's through pay. Did I not consider your want of money, I would crave more. I send my bill subscribed with my hand, by Richard Weston my servant, to whom please deliver the 1300£. or such amount as remains, if Southaik has received a portion, and departed before this reaches you, giving up his writing, and keeping my bill for the whole. The Lord Admiral (by letter received to-day) thinks not good my taking mariners from the north, in case wanted for the coast service, but that your grace send me 300 hackbutters; to transport whom hither, if it please you, I have appointed the Halpenny Pott and the Grayhond. This day I had letters from the lords still at Glasgow, requiring me to provide a vessel to convey Lord James, &c., to Berwick, who will be ready to go on the 20^th. We know not what is become of the Mynyon: as for watch, I think the French in Leith and Inchkeith will not deny "but we hav kept them wacking." Every night possible, I have had 300 or 400 men armed in boats, to keep the haven mouth from succours coming in along shore, or their sending more men and victuals to Inchkeith. And I dare speak for truth to you, that nothing has come in by sea, and I trust so to keep it till your grace comes. We have viewed Inchkeith, landing 300 men, and by over much hardiness, had one slain and 5 or 6 hurt, among them captains Gorges and Crokers, who will recover without maim, and the French "skapped not scotfre." We are well and friendly used by the Scots on Fife side; and many merchants repair from Aberdeen, Dundee, &c., to Burntisland, with great store of wine, barrelled salmon, cod and herring, in hope of the camp coming. So you will have great relief, for Fife side is a country of much victual. There will be no want having money, save casks,—not to be got here. Leith road, aboard the Lyon. Signed: W. Wynter.

3 pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

650. Norfolk, &c. to Cecill. [Feb. 14.]

Your letters of the 11^th hereof, and from the lords of the Council, reached us on 13^th, and we trust that soon after Bynckes' dispatch from you, you received our letter of the 8^th, satisfying your expectation for news. So did we long look to hear from Berwick, and so soon as it came, we sent to you. Even now, having received these letters from "Randall alias Barnabie," we return you this bearer with the same. As you see, the lords of Scotland have "prevented" our day of meeting at Berwick, whereto we have consented, and we look daily for your directions how to proceed in these weighty affairs.

Your determination to keep an eye on the Marquis d'Elbeuf and reinforce the navy here, is very necessary, but we doubt if the Newcastle and Hull ships here are meet and ready, for mariners are scarce, and apt soldiers as harquebusiers, cannot be had so well here as in London, unless we "disfurnishe" our bands here. We beg you give order for the greater diligence of the posts—the only remedy is to give them their old wages of 2s. the day, for now having but 12d., and ill paid, they complain much, specially in these north parts, that they cannot keep horses to serve the turn. Newcastle. Signed: Tho. Norff., Wyllyam Gray, R. Sadleir, G. Howard, F. Leek.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed.

651. The Queen to Norfolk. [Feb. 16.]

As the bearer the laird of Leddyngton now repairing towards Scotland, has occasion to confer with you, we have thought very meet to recommend him to you as one in whom ye shall find much understanding and knowledge of the state of Scotland, and as we think, a plain earnest affection to have his country free from conquest or oppression. So we pray you use him favourably, and let him be so regarded, as for this service to his country, he be not by any practice of the French either intercepted or endangered, as we have heard hath been purposed, which should much touch us in honour.

¾ p. Draft by Cecill. Indorsed (by him): "M. to my lord of Norff., xvj° Feb. 1559—by S. S. lettre commendat."

652. Norfolk to Cecill. [Feb. 16.]

As we have answered the matter pertaining to the ships in our letters to the Council, we shall not need now "to blot with them ennye more paper." We have only to "remember" you to send us the Queen's pleasure by letter for our meeting with the Scots, and what points we shall agree with them upon? for otherwise we cannot answer them.

We hear nothing yet of any victuals provided for "thys jorney," and peradventure my lords think the Scots will help us? which M^r Secretary, I would have wholly put out of their minds, for if you consider the bareness of the country, and the waste by the French in Fife, no relief can be looked for there. As for the Scots alone expelling the French, we can say no more than before, and wish it might be so: we shall do our uttermost to win the Merse and Lothian— hereof you may be sure.

We have not yet heard if it has pleased the Queen to make M^r Tempest her sergeant [sergne] for the bishopric of Durham, till which the commission of Oyer may lie still, whereof there is great need, as also of a commission to the Dean of Durham or other, to order spiritual cases, which in many things run out of order—which pray good M^r Secretary, see answered, and we shall not trouble you with repetitions in our letters. The Queen's ships are in safety: but pray take order for the posts, though your last through post came in half the time that any letter did since I came hither. Newcastle. Signed: Tho. Norff.

1½ pp. Holograph, also address: "To my lovyng frynd M^r Secretarye Cycell, knyght." Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

653. James of Bassantyne to [Cecill ?]. [Feb. 17.]

Since your honour knows the "chance of our wayage towerd the north in the schip called the Mignon," it is needless to write, but to do my duty as to a good master. I being yet in Hull, where some Scots merchants have lately "commed," and learned from them the "fasson" of the country—it may be that I could secretly advertise you of some important matter. And I would write all such by the "alphabet" underwritten, beginning the first letter "almost in the myddest of our common alphabet, as the superscription schawes." Hulle. Signed: James of Bassantyne, Scottisman."

1 p. Holograph. No address. Indorsed: "Cipher, Bassantine." The alphabet is given, 1 being the cipher letter for a; m for b, &c., &c.

654. Answer to the French ambassador. 1559–60. [Feb. 17.]

To be made to Monsieur de Seure the ambassador, by the Queen's command, on 17 February 1559, by Sir William Cecill and Sir John Masone knights.

Because the ambassador in the end of his "talke" mentioned two special matters, to which her Majesty's answer was short by reason of the long audience, she doubts if he conceived her meaning, and sent us expressly with her pleasure therein.

1. The ambassador said the young French queen bare not the arms of England of her own motion, but by command of her father the late king, and so seemed to excuse it. Her Majesty thinks this excuse either very strange or very imperfect. For though the offence was in the late king's time, and indeed solemnly the day he was slain at the tourney [turneile] and since then much increased, so it is an injury to impute the same to him being buried. And her Majesty marvels who is to blame that the Queen and her husband not only bear the arms, but use the style of King and Queen of England and Ireland, in issuing their commissions with these seals! And though the Queen may be somewhat excused by the authority of the king her husband, yet the latter acts not a friend's part, nor can be excused. Also her Majesty museth much that the French queen in granting privileges in her own name to French merchants, useth the stile of England seemingly to divulge it to the common people. Her Majesty forbore saying this, having neither leisure nor much good mind to enter into so ungreatful matters, but liketh it not to be used so slenderly, nor suffer her estate to be neglected in the open sight of the world; and thinks her ambassador has said somewhat to the French king hereon.

The next point is, the ambassador seemed desirous to know if she would keep peace with France? Her Majesty's answer is, unless contrary occasion be offered, she means nothing else; and as for aiding and comforting those called rebels in Scotland, her Majesty desiring to end her speech, used less talk. But meaning not to say other than she thinketh, though she will not often speak all she thinketh, she assures "them" she does not take the nobles and nation of Scotland to be rebels, but as is manifest, wise and natural subjects to their crown, to adventure the offence of the French king, in defence of his wife's right their sovereign. And indeed if they permitted the eviction of their kingdom out of their own governance, during the marriage and absence of their sovereign from her realm, where she is solely directed by French only, as by her mother and certain advocates of France, and in France by the Cardinal and Duke of Guise—the world might speak shame of them. Yea! She herself if she "overlyve" her husband, might justly condemn them as cowards and unnatural subjects, for neglecting the interests of her kingdom.

2 pp. Indorsed (by Cecill): "1559, 17 of Februar. Answer made to Nowaillies the Fr. embass. by Sir W. Cecill and Sir John Mason."

655. M. de Seure to Norfolk. [Feb. 18.]

It is some days since I arrived in this town, as ambassador from the King my lord. M. de Noailles my predecessor, told me that certain ships bound for Scotland with grain, &c., were driven by weather into Scarborough [Scalbourg] and Newcastle, and remain there, hindered from proceeding. In discharge of my duty, and by the Queen's leave, I have sent the Sieur de Plancy the bearer, to view their condition, and hasten their departure. Praying you to forward his business, and order payment to be made to him for the corn discharged from the ships at Newcastle. London. Signed: vostré affectionné serviteur et amy, le Ch'ler de Seure.

1 p. French. Addressed: "A monsieur monsieur le due de Norfort," &c. Indorsed: " . . . Monsieur de Ceure," &c.

656. The Queen Regent to Elizabeth. [Feb. 18.]

It has been difficult to us to believe that at the solicitation of some particular rebels, so good a peace has been interrupted. Yet we have presumptions of their practices in England, and getting large sums of money there, with part of which some have been apprehended. Not less since the arrival of your ships in this Firth, "na wayes constrenit be tempest of weddir, bot rather travessing contrair the wynd," the admirall of the fleet called Wynter, comforts these rebels all to him possible, doing daily hostile acts against the treaties. He lately by trumpet summoned the Inchkeith garrison to surrender, landed men and assailed the fort, though repulsed; and on our sending him a herald demanding redress, &c., answered by a gentleman named Sowthwall, that he had reported to you his success here, and would restore nothing till he knew your mind. We therefore despatch the bearer with a herald, desiring you to declare to the French ambassador now with you, your mind anent the reparation of these damages against the treaties, that he may advertise his King, also to grant the bearer safe conduct to France. Edinburgh. Signed: Your gud sester and allya, Marie R.

1 p. Broad sheet. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill): ". . . Q. of Scotlandes lettre to the Q. Majesty."

657. Lord Grey of Wilton to Cecill. [Feb. 19.]

When at our late conference, I showed the need of some man of authority to be joined in the entry to Scotland, if anything happened to me, and we considered Sir James Croft the meetest man, from his experience, &c.: as I think the short notice will cause him to make some difficulty, it were well that the matter be signified to him by her Majesty or the Council. And as there is no man that knows better than yourself, it may please you to devise order how he may be willed to put himself in readiness with all speed; for without him or some other such, I would be loath to take so great a charge. Newcastle. Signed: Wyllyam Grey.

1 p. Closely written. Addressed. Indorsed. Wafer signet: a gem (indistinct).

658. Norfolk, &c. to Cecill. [Feb. 20.]

Since writing last on 16^th, we have called before us Bartram Anderson of this town; who is joined with Geoffry Vaughan for setting forth ships here and at Hull. He gives us good hope that the underwritten ships (4 at least) shall be set to sea within 10 days, and the other 2 as soon after as may be: and to man them, we have ordered 400 soldiers, besides mariners, to be ready by Saturday next. We have ordered Vaughan at Hull to set forth 4 ships there with speed, and for manning them, have ordered Sir Thomas Gargrave to furnish him with such soldiers of Holderness as he thinks needful, but have not yet heard from Vaughan. As it is thought at least 4000 foot are needed for the exploit into Scotland, we have put 1000 more in readiness, and I the Duke have written to levy 200 men in each of Cheshire, Lancashire, Derbyshire, Stafford, and Nottinghamshire, to be sent hither by 6^th March; intending to use or stay them, as we may decide with the lords of Scotland. To-morrow we go to Berwick to meet these lords, treating with them as instructed in the Queen's letters of the 15^th, and otherwise as may be necessary. Newcastle. Signed: Tho. Norff., Wyllyam Grey, R. Sadleir, G. Howard, F. Leek.

(List of ships of Newcastle.)

1. The James of Rookcsbyes, 120 tons, Thomas Postgate, captain.
2. The George of Bewycke, 120 tons, Edward Stafford, captain.
3. The John of M^r Andersones, 110 tons, Olyver Wrothe, captain.
4. The Marie Flower, 110 tons, Ninian Menvell, captain.
5. The Angell, 110 tons, William Tuttie, captain.
6. The Marie Gallant, 110 tons, Thomas Bamboroughe, captain.

2 pp. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill).

659. Chatelherault to Norfolk. [Feb. 23.]

On the 22^d I received from the Master of Maxwell's servant, your letter dated Newcastle 19^th, whereby I see that though the Marquis del Beuf, being at sea bound hither, was driven back to France by tempest with loss of ships and men, yet he is preparing anew to come by the west seas and land at Dunbarton or thereabouts. For which advertisement I thank you very heartily, and shall leave nothing undone to hinder his enterprise, though as ye write, it may impede our other purpose if not well handled. As some principal men of the west parts still favour the Queen Dowager, there can be no better help devised than to haste your army forward with all diligence. And the lords commissioners from the council, now with you, can show you who favour the French in these west parts. Glasgow. Signed: Yowr assuret louffing frind, James Hammyltoun.

¾ p. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk): " . . . Erle Arrain" (sic), &c. (Undoubtedly the Duke's signature.)

660. Croft to Cecill. [Feb. 23.]

Yesterday the Duke of Norfolk came hither, in whose presence Lord Grey said I was to go with him to Scotland, and he thought I had received letters from court to that effect. I hardly believed him, but was much abashed at the novelty and weight of the matter, considering my inhability, and also to have had so small warning. Debating with him, he said you promised I should have letters to set me forward. I must desire better consideration—if ye cannot do me any good, I pray you do me no harm, for if commanded to go, I am utterly undone, for I must answer that I cannot; "and howe evell suche answers be taken at the handes of auctorytye, you knowe!" Yet there is no remedy, "but when a beste ys over laden, he muste nedes lye downe under his burden." I have borne as many and weighty burdens as any man 1 know of my degree, and shall never refuse to bear to the uttermost: but if overburdened and forced to lie down, "and there whipped and turned out into the mershe like "a tyred jade," I had then spun a fair thread after my long travel, if my lord Grey's request takes place. What he requires is not needed, for the Queen is already at charge enough for the small regiment under his leading, but I am driven to stand upon necessity, as ye would say if ye knew; and I beg a comfortable answer, for I have not been this many years in such perplexity as now. Berwick. Signed: Jamys Croft.

1½ pp. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk). Wafer signet (indistinct).

661. Randolph to Sadleir and Croft. [Feb. 23.]

It has pleased God to make me a little better, as I trust you have heard by M^r Henry "Balvanes." After receiving your letter of 8^th, I thought it good before joining you to see Dunbarton, and talk with La Marque prisoner there, which I repent now, as much as I desired it: for by a "recheles fawle" (fn. 1) I had coming out of the boat, I caught this sickness which stayed me. The Duke himself, Arran and Argyll were there—chiefly to see the castle, and take order with the town and country when needed. The castle is marvellous strong by nature, but greatly neglected and needing repairs, altogether unvictualled, and scarce 6 men to defend it. Since my lord of Norfolk's letter to the Duke here, 100 harquebusiers are to be sent there, the castle victualled and repaired. They have sufficient artillery, but chiefly lack powder, which they will crave from you. As the French will doubtless henceforth attempt landing there, it will be desired that you send some fit man to view and advise necessary works for defence, the Duke intending to bear the charges. It was here thought the Marquis's arrival on that coast was impossible. When my lord of Norfolk's letter came, the absent lords were sent for again to this town, and what order they take you shall hear as soon as I can, trusting yourselves and the other lords with you will remember the same, lest too great trust in our friends, or saving money, may cause negligence in this great cause. The Earls of Eglinton and Cassillis are the chief lords "in that coste, and wholly addictid unto the Quene in this cawse," so their landing will be easier, and support greater in the country there. Thus good advice and policy must be used to withdraw either of them from her; "to assure ether of them to the contrarie syde, ther is no hope." La Marque exercises patience, and thought the Dowager had greater means to set him at liberty than she has, as she wrote to him she had both here and in France. He will confess no more but that he was sent to visit her only, and report her commands on return. He had no more credence than the common commendation princes give their servants. I remained with him in the castle (by reason of my fall) the whole night we came thither, and talked with him at large. Till next morning, he took me for a Scotsman, for he speaks very little English. He seemed to have no suspicion but that Scotsmen took him. We discoursed much of England, he reasoning always as a man that favoured well his country. When he heard my lord of Arran name me, he then suspected me, and remembered (he said) both my name and face. He excused many merry words that passed between us, and so we parted. Since then, from a letter Balnaves wrote to the Duke, he has been "straytlyer" looked to.

It is reported the French in Stirling are sent for to Leith. Huntly still remains in his purpose, and Arran is to meet him at S^t Johnston, unless the Marquis's arrival call him back hither as I think it will. How it will satisfy your honours that my lord of Arbroath comes not, "I wotte not," but trust you think I have done my part, and my lord of Arran has not failed to show his willingness to further so good a cause. [Glasgow ?]. "Scribled in haste owte of a feble fyste." Signed: T. R.

2½ pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

662. Norfolk, &c. to Cecill. [Feb. 24.]

In our letter of 11^th we advertised you that Chester herald was sent to the Queen Dowager. He is now returned, and we send you herewith his discourse of what passed in conference with her and others, which we caused him to put in writing. The French gentleman Mountagnac arrived here with him, despatched with letters from the Dowager to the Queen, and we have taken order for his passage to Court. Lethington arrived here yesternight, and at the same instant, the Master of Maxwell from Carlisle, but the rest of the lords, coming by sea, are not yet arrived, the wind being contrary. We enclose a letter I the Duke received yesterday from Wynter.

Postscript.—The Queen's ship the Fawcon has arrived at the haven mouth, with Lord James and the rest, and we have sent out boats to land them. Berwick. Signed: Tho. Norff., Wyllyam Grey, R. Sadleir, G. Howard, F. Leek.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill): " . . . D. Norf. to W^m Cecill."

Inclosed in the same:—

(Chester herald's report.)

On Friday 16^th February at 9 a.m. Chester herald arrived at Edinburgh, with a letter to the "Doger" of Scotland from the Duke of Norfolk, which he delivered at 3 p.m. in presence of the bishops of S^t Andrews and Amiens, MM. le Broche, and De Osselle, the Earl of Bothwell, Lords Sempell, Sayton and others. She demanded from whom it came? "I answered" from the Duke of Norfolk lieutenant, &c. She then read it, and said 'you have credet,' but before I could declare it, she "as yt wer in collere," demanded why English ships were in her waters? marvelling the Queen my mistress would break the late peace which she had sworn, and since promised not to break with me, 'as I have letters of her hand to shewe,' &c. At first our talk was in the "Scottyshe toung," which I not well understanding, was forced to speak French, requiring of her answer in writing of all her "greves": which she promised me, but at departing I had none. Then I declared my credit—that the Duke of Norfolk marvelled to receive a letter from her by "Ylley" her herald with credit, which when demanded, he had not: also at her request to send a gentleman into England, he knowing no cause to the contrary. As to the ships—having learned of myself that the King of France had gathered a great power of men of war on his Picardy frontier, to come into Scotland, the Queen my mistress not understanding it, sent certain of her ships to these her northern borders, which after long travel and foul weather lost all their boats, and while their victuallers were discharging at Newcastle, &c., the others having no wind to return, thought best to take the Frith, and coming as friends, found all the cannon bent against them—whereof the Duke willed me to show your grace he marvelled not a little. The Dowager answered, that all stranger ships passing a hold should do homage—and further it was well known before their coming, for the Congregation did not "let" to declare it, and letters passed between, 'whereof we have to shewe.' To that I answered I neither saw nor knew of the ships or their doings, nor spoke with any of them. And thus I took my leave for the time. On Sunday next following I was commanded before the Dowager at 3 p.m., where I found the same nobles. She declared to me she marvelled that the Queen my mistress took part with rebels—that the late peace was only with the French King deceased, not with her subjects, with whom she had not to do, and trusted the Queen would with honour not move war without a summons—requesting me, if such thing were, that the Duke as the queen's lieutenant, would give her notice and she would prepare accordingly. 'And I wyll send with you into England upon the Dukes grace promyse, a gentleman.' I demanding if it was M. Le Broche? he standing by, said he heard that Englishmen were coming into Scotland, and he would "geve them the lokinge upon." And then M. d'Oysel said, what gatte Quene Marye by her last warres?'

"Intellygences."

He says, all the way between Berwick and Edinburgh, he found great friendship with the Scots he met, who seemed very glad to hear of Englishmen—asking heartily of their coming to deliver them of their misery and captivity of the French. I also met Hamilton laird of Enderwicke, who showed great friendship, asking me on my return to come to his house—which I promised to do, but it chanced at my home coming to be accompanied with them that neither loved him nor me, and I could not. But I asked him at first meeting, why they suffered the French to oppress them? and he said that every one doubted another, which could not be helped without England.

None of the nobility, but the bishop of S^t Andrews, are of the Dowager's privy council.

She has certainly proclaimed that all men from 16 to 60 shall be ready on an hour's warning.

Also that all her subjects from Edinburgh to the "Pease," should break their brewing vessels and put all their victuals out of the way of the English. I heard in Edinburgh and all places on the way, that the commons are so troubled, they know not what to do—what for oppression of the French, and fear of the Congregation spoiling them: for which I pray God they may be put out of doubt, for most trust only in our coming to deliver them.

4½ pp. Probably holograph. Indorsed (partly by Cecill): "Chesters going to the Dowager, &c. &c., xvj° Februarij 1559."

663. Scottish Letters of Marque. [Feb. 25.]

The senate and nobles of Scotland, seeing that the Frenchman [Gallus] is notoriously bent on destroying themselves and their country, for no other reason but their embracing the true religion of Christ, and rejecting Antichrist nine months before, have licensed William Makesoun, master of the William, to attack the French and all other enemies, in lawful warfare. S^t Andrews, 5 Kal. Martias. Per Dominos Secreti Concilii.

1 p. Latin. Indorsed (by Cecill): "Cop. of a salv. cond. given to a Scottishman. Found at Portesmouth."

664. Arran to Cecill. [Feb. 26.]

The Admiral of the Queen's navy and his company have had as good success as ye would wish, and behaves to us so well, and are "sa fearfull" to the enemy as we would desire. They have taken divers French ships, and last of all, a hoy with the "Marques grite hors," and lament they did not take himself. We have taken order for provision of victuals for your army, and for all the friends we can to join us. In Fife and thereabouts there is no man of honesty or reputation, but has promised by "hand writt" to defend God's cause and liberty of the country against the French. We are to meet Huntly at S^t Johnston on 4^th March, of whom we have good hope, as the "tryist" proceeds on his earnest desire by his double writings to us. S^t Andrews. Signed: James Hammylton.

¾ p. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

665. Articles of Berwick. [Feb. 27.] Fæd. xv. 569.

At Berwick the 27^th of February A.D. 1559, it is agreed and finally contracted between Thomas Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal of England, and Queen's lieutenant in the north, on behalf of her highness, on the one part, and Lord James Stewart, Patrick lord Ruthven, Sir John Maxwell of Terregles knight, William Maitland of Lethington younger, John Wishart of Pittarrow, and M^r Henry Balnevis of Halhill, on behalf of James Duke of Chatelherault, second person of the realm of Scotland, and the "remanent" of the lords of his part joined with him in this cause for maintenance of the ancient rights and liberty of their country on the other part, in form as after followeth—viz. [Here the clauses are recited. One follows thus] The Duke and nobility joined with him being earls and barons of Parliament, shall subscribe and seal these Articles within 20 or 30 days at most after delivery of the hostages, and procure the like to be done by all the nobility who shall hereafter join him, within 20 days after requisition made on the part of the Queen's majesty. And further he and his said associates, certainly perceiving that the said Queen is only moved by princely honour and neighbourhood, for defence of the just freedom of the crown of Scotland from conquest, and not of any other sinister intent, do declare that they nor any of them mean by this compact to withdraw due obedience from their sovereign lady the Queen, nor the French king her husband and head, during the marriage, but in maintenance of their ancient laws and liberties, and their sovereign's honour are bound to spend their goods, lands and lives. Signed: James Stewart, Patrik 1. Ruthwen, Jhone Maxwell, W. Maitland, Jhone Wyschart, Henricus Balnaves.

Exch. Sc. Does. Case 100, No. 106.

Broad sheet, parchment. In a Scottish hand. Indorsed (by Cecill). Six seals are appended. (1) The Scottish lion, without any abatement; (2, 3, 4, and 5) broken, sewn in bags; (6) a fragment: a chevron, letter H at side [Balnaves?].

(1) First draft, names, &c. omitted.

6 pp. Holograph of Cecill. Indorsed (by his clerk).

(2) Another copy of Articles.

5½ pp. Corrected and indorsed (by Cecill).

(3) Another copy of same.

French. Broad sheet. Indorsed (by Cecill): "Cop. of the League inter Angliam et Scotiam."

666. Lord James to Cecill. [Feb. 28.]

I received your double writing, "that ane by Maister Randell, that uther of the yong lard of Lethingtoun," by whom I also understand your good will and most earnest labours at all times on this our common action. Whereof I trust in God you shall (with time) reap the fruit, the contentment of your heart, "that thristis the wele of boytht the realmes." For my part I thank you for your loving counsels and good advice, whereby you admonish me so gently of my duty to my God and common wealth; which I do so heartily embrace, that by the grace of God you shall have experience that you have not travailed in vain. The sufficiency of the bearer "cuttis" occasion for longer writing: to whom give credence as to myself. Berwick. Signed: James Stewart.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

667. Lord Ruthven to Cecill. [Feb. 28.]

After coming to this town, I perceive by my lord Duke that my son is one of the pledges for the contract betwixt the two realms. As I would have him nourished and brought up in the fear of his Lord God, I will desire you to move the Queen that he may be "put to the scole in Cambreche [Cambridge] upon my expens," and obtain her writing to the Duke to send him there. "Becaus the boy is presentlie heir, and dois no guid bot tynis (fn. 2) tyme." Berwick "ye penult of Februar." Signed: Ruthwen.

½ p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

668. Norfolk to Cecill. [Feb. 29.]

As in conferring with the lords of Scotland, divers great matters fell out, whereto we think good before proceeding further, to make you and the council privy, these bearers shall not only show you the articles communed of, but also our opinions, and how grounded. If the Scots were as able as willing, we should not need to put the Queen to such great charge as these of experience here think necessary: for whether we make a battery with a continual siege, or "invyrone yt with a syege volant," the general opinion is, that the 4000 foot first appointed, the 1000 out of Berwick, with the new levied 1000 to be here 6^th March, is far under a number competent for such exploit. But why trouble you, when the messengers can instruct you plainly, who heard our whole discourse with the Scots. The Scots made some requests, to which we durst not answer, and they therefore return Lethington to you to show their suits, whereon we await your determinate answers, for till then they stay delivery of the pledges. Beseeching you to credit in all my affairs my servant Nycolas Strang. Berwick. Signed: Tho. Norff.

On margin: Pray M^r Secretary send us more treasure, for fear we lack it in time.

1 p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

669. Memoranda by Cecill. [Feb. .]

[In the form of questions and answers.]

Lord Grey's doubts how to proceed in the siege [of Leith?].

1. His [ordnance] not yet arrived. 2. His full number is short by 2000 foot. 3. The full number of Scots promised is not there, and having no wages, cannot keep the field; and it is desired the Queen entertain a certain number. 4. How far the treaty with the Queen Dowager may extend to the Queen's honour, the surety of Scotland and consequently of this realm?

Answers.—1. It is hoped the ordnance delayed by contrary winds, will soon arrive. 2. It is certain the number is now gone forward. 3. The lords of Scotland should have been charged to understand the case better. If needful, some of the Scots may be entertained, who can best serve, but the lords must not be made privy hereto, lest gain move them to slack service. 4. Care must be taken in any conference, that the French abuse us not with long talk. The governance should be committed to some of the lords, for the Dowager can not be suffered to remain.

2½ pp. Holograph of Cecill. Memoranda on back. In very bad condition from damp.

670. Norfolk, &c. to the Privy Council. [Feb. 29.]

Having been for three days in conference with these Scottish lords, proponed questions, and received their answers (both which we enclose), at last we came to debate the conditions whereon their hostages should remain in England. And as they require certain promises by the Queen under the great seal, as the articles we send show, to which we could not conclude, they therefore send the laird of Lethington to sue her majesty in all their names for these: which they desire, more to satisfy the other nobility not yet joined, than from mistrust of her majesty, as they affirm. Meantime we have agreed that they go home to prepare their forces, and meet us at Achison's haven in Lothian on 25^th March next. As soon as Lethington returns with the Queen's pleasure on these articles, they shall have their hostages ready to be put on board one of our ships in the Frith and transported hither. Surely we find them grave and discreet men, and albeit they hope the other nobility will join them, yet they are loth to promise more than they can perform. They are of singular zeal and good will to the perpetual concord of these two realms, but their power is so little, they cannot defend the common enemy without our aid. It is thought here that their promised power, being but 5000 men, is too little even joined with ours, to achieve this exploit, if we are driven to besiege Leith. We therefore send these bearers Sir Nicholas Strange and M^r Randall, who are privy to all our conferences and purposes with the lords, to declare our opinions thereon, to whom please give credit; and meantime I the Duke have taken order to levy 2000 foot from the shires in my commission, to be ready by the said 25^th March, on an hour's warning, given by my next letters, who may be called forward or stayed, as the case requires. Berwick. Signed: Tho. Norff., Wyllyam Grey, R. Sadleir, G. Howard, Jamys Croft, F. Leek.

2 pp. Addressed. Indorsed (partly by Cecill).

Inclosed in the same:—

(Questions and Answers by the lords.)

[Sixteen in number. Extracts of answers.]

1. We are unable of ourselves to expel the French.

3. We could bring 5000 men out, 2000 to join the English, the rest to keep the country—to Achison's haven by 25 March.

4. The nobles, landed men and households will keep the field as long as the English do, the rest for 20 days on their own charge; thereafter 2000 foot and 300 or 400 light horse will need the Queen's pay.

5. All ordnance, &c. is in the hands of the Queen, the French, and others not with us.

6. We can supply draught horses from Achison's haven to Leith.

7. We can levy 300 or 400 pioneers on the Queen's charges.

8. We have no siege necessaries: but wood and broom enough is within 4 miles of Leith.

9. You shall have oats for your horses, but forage we doubt till the country is viewed. For victuals, commissaries with money must be sent beforehand, and plenty will be found,—and the better, the longer you remain. In Dundee and Burntisland, 200 tuns wine is arrested, which the commissaries may have for 34£. Scots the ton or 8£. 10s. sterling. (fn. 3)

10. For the march between Berwick and Edinburgh, bring victuals with your men—the horses must trust to the country at reasonable prices—if not, ye may take it.

11. We shall meet you in Lothian, at your discretion.

12. To attack Edinburgh before joining you, is too great a hazard. For Lord Erskine we cannot answer, but hope he will be no enemy.

14. We have no ships at command but private adventurers.

15. The 600 demi-lances and 600 light horse shall be placed in Edinburgh, failing it, in towns about.

4¼ pp. Copy by Railton. Indorsed (by Cecill): "20 Februar. 1559."