Elizabeth: August 1584

229. Walsingham to Mr. William Davison. [Aug. 2.]

They [the Privy Council] have received advertisements of late from sundry parts that the Queen of Scots' party in Scotland are now in very great hope to recover the King's favour for Lords John and Claud Hamilton; and that it is meant that they shall not return to Scotland, but remove from hence to France. Whereof he has thought good to give him notice, that he may have a more watchful eye over them. Would be loth over rashly to enter into any doubtful conceit against them, yet the secret treaty the Lord John had with the French ambassador last year without either her majesty's or any of her Council's privity gives some cause of mistrust. If he shall find any reason to lead him to put on a doubtful opinion of them, he will do well to advertise thereof betimes, for that such here as do not stand the best affected to his [Davison's] cause could be glad upon any advantage to breed a jealous conceit of the rest of the well affected nobleman, which would yield that hindrance that all good men would be sorry for. Nonsuch. Signed: Fra. Walsyngham.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

Draft of the same in Walsingham's hand.

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 101.

Copy of the same.

230. Walsingham to Mr. William Davison. [Aug. 2.]

The Queen of England finding by his late letters the great good affection the Earl of Arran professes to bear towards her, has willed him to direct him to signify to the earl in her name, that upon the singular good report he [Davison] has made of his earnest affection towards her, and of his desire to deserve her favour, confirmed also by Lord Hunsdon's letters and assurance, she has now not only removed the doubtful opinion that she before carried of him, but also means henceforth to put on a more favourable conceit of his sound and honourable disposition towards her; which, as she does not doubt that he will accompany with such good effects as may be answerable to his own protestations and her due expectation, so she prays him to assure himself for his part of so princely and thankful a requital thereof— for the benefit of the King his master's affairs, for whose service's sake he professes to be so well affected, and soundly devoted to her above all other Princes—that he shall have just cause to think his devotion very well bestowed.

Her majesty is very desirous to know what he has yet done in the matter of the Borders, wherein he received direction about three weeks ago, and has since returned answer that he could not provide therein, for that the King was then at [St. Andrews].

They have news out of the Low Countries that the enemies have forsaken Lille [Lilloo], as he may perceive by the inclosed. God still continues His merciful providence over His children by stretching forth His mighty hand miraculously to protect them when they are in greatest distress and most destitute of human help and support. Nonsuch. Signed: Fra. Walsyngham.

¾ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

Draft of the same.

231. Walsingham to Mr. William Davison. [Aug. 2.]

Her majesty greatly allows of his course in well using those who now bear sway in Court there. And to the end that the Earl of Arran may the better "affect" him he has let Lord Hunsdon understand what good report he has made of the said earl—as he may perceive by the inclosed copy—and also—with her majesty's good allowance— has written a "bye letter" to be showed to him, to encourage him to proceed in the course he is entered into in doing good offices between the two crowns.

The French ambassador threatens him [Arran] greatly, for that he doubts that by his means there may be some sound amity made between the King of Scots and the Queen of England without either his master's or the Queen of Scots' interposition. It will behove Arran to have a jealous eye over his companions now in Court, and for his safety to strengthen himself with their mistress's [the Queen of England's] party. Would he might be made an instrument to recover the King's favour towards the poor banished noblemen. Besides his own safety he should do his majesty good service as well for the removing of the difference between him and his subjects, so that he should thereby gain a sound opinion in her majesty's conceit that might profit him for the present and the future. But where passion and desire for revenge reigns it is hard to give advice that will profit.

The money disbursed according to direction is well allowed of. It is good where the foundation is hollow to deal warily. Suppose all be sound that is by them [the English] assured, yet his footing is but slippery, being subject to a general envy and misliking, which in all places and states is dangerous, but in no place more dangerous than in Scotland. Such as know the party who deals between him and the Earl of Argyll hold a hard opinion of him, and therefore he shall do well to deal warily with him. If the party depends on Argyll he is worth the having. Learns by the English ambassador in France that they are in great hope of recovering Lords John and Claud Hamilton. Has given Mr. John Colvile warning to the end there may be an eye had to him.

Learns certainly, by espial from "315," that the French King is not greatly affected to the King of Scots, and so he supposes the French ambassador (190) advertised his master. They build altogether on "320" and the well affected within this realm.

He who delivered to him the French King's servant's letters here is worthy the cherishing, and may stand him in great stead. But such kind of man is so ill considered of that he is loth to use their service. He may use some liberality to him, which will be allowed of. The man is cunning, and therefore he doubts not but that he will use him thereafter. The best course to be held with such kind of men is rather to receive from them than to deliver, unless it be such matters as a man would have known.

How coldly the Queen of England is affected to Lord Hunsdon (295) he may gather by the answer touching his repair to Scotland. Yet, for his own opinion, he wishes a thorough trial. Signed: Fra. Walsyngham.

2 pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

232. Walsingham to Hunsdon. [Aug. 2.]

Immediately upon receipt of his letters, being then at Barn Elms, he repaired to the Court and acquainted her majesty with his own letter and the copy of the King's. Also showed her Mr. Davison's letters, who wrote very effectually that his lordship's speedy repair to Scotland could not but be accompanied with very good effect. Notwithstanding, her majesty, continuing her former resolution, does not think it convenient that he should repair thither until such time as he [Hunsdon] has met the Earl of Arran, and that she shall understand from him [Hunsdon] the grounds that the King and the earl have given for the great devotion and good will the King professes to bear towards her; saying that she would be loth that his repair thither should be accompanied with as cold effects as others who have been employed before him there.

The Lord Treasurer and he, on receipt of his first letters, by which it then appeared that the King was very desirous to see his lordship, moved the Queen to license him to repair to him at any time when he should have seen it might have been for the furtherance of her service, but by no means could she be drawn to assent thereto.

Mr. Davison has made very good report of the Earl of Arran's affection towards her majesty. Her pleasure is that he shall let the said earl understand how thankfully she accepts of his professed good will and devotion towards her, and that he may assure himself that if she shall find due performance of that which the King of Scots and he have promised, they shall not fail to receive from her a most thankful requital.

1⅓ pp. Copy. Indorsed.

233. Leicester to Mr. William Davison. [Aug. 2.]

"Cousen Davison," I have this 2nd of August received your letter of the 27th of July. It found me from the Court, whence I have been absent these fifteen days to comfort my sorrowful wife for the loss of my only little son, whom God has lately taken from us.

I thank you for your advertisements, especially when you hear me misreported [I pray] that you will give me knowledge of it. And touching this, that I should let fall hard speeches of that King, I will not strive to answer such false matters, for it either needs not or "bowteth" not when such reports be never brought to trial. When they shall, I pray God I may be made an example to all ill speakers of Princes. My bringing up has been too long about Princes to misuse anything toward them. God grant the informers as honest and reverend minds to them as I have and carry. I have had better means both by that King's own instruments here and the Queen my sovereign's there to open my mind plainly in any matter that might tend to their service, either by liking or misliking, and not to let fall any unfriendly speeches. And to be short in this, I would chiefly think myself most happy if it would please the King's majesty there to make trial of this honest report. If not, yet not to condemn a poor nobleman who has enemies, as others have, upon these lewd practices, or to think so basely of me, who, though I can now challenge nothing, yet I wish he had had no "worse willinger" born at home, than I have been from his cradle hitherto, and yet none otherwise than was pleasing and most agreeable with the Queen my sovereign's disposition. And I might very well call you for testimony of my good meaning, as also of many good and honest offices done towards him. But let them pass. I pray you believe, and faithfully assure the person who dealt so honourably with you as to tell it you, that if I be honest, honourable or a Christian, I never passed any ill words of that King to any man.

For the other matter, that the bishop of St. Andrews should say that he had this or that of me, I do not understand well what. But let it be what he would have it. Believe it, as this I will tell you may bring it credit. For if ever that bishop either privately or openly had any one word "togethers" all the long while he was in England, or that ever he did so much as send to visit me by any man, let all that he has said, and the former matter also, be taken for truth, and [I] will confess them true. I assure you, cousin, I never saw him but the first day he had access to her majesty, and four or six of the lords of the Council were present also; and he came and took me by the hand, but I assure myself he knew me not; for he said not one word at all to me. And from that hour till this hour I never saw him. Therefore, judge you how true a man this is. This prelate is like some of ours here, "that can say well in pulpytt, and doe unhappely when they have doun." God amend them all. And I pray you whatsoever he or others shall thus report, let my condition be better known to them by you, and none other than you shall think to be true. But [in] these dangerous days who can escape lewd and lying tongues. For my part I trust the Lord will give me His grace to live in His fear, and to behave myself faithfully to my sovereign, and honestly to the world. And so, shall I pass over these false calumniations. Grey's, Sir Fra. Knollys' house. Signed: R. Leycester.

1¾ pp. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

234. Hunsdon to Mr. William Davison. [Aug. 3.]

Received letters yesternight from the Court, wherein he received a packet from Mr. Secretary to him, which he sends him herewith, with a "bye letter" also to him. Sent his servant Cuthbert Armorour to Scotland on Tuesday last; of whose return he hears nothing. Which he marvels at, because the Earl of Arran at his first coming was very desirous to have him appoint a time for their meeting, and he now sees him so slack therein. Does not doubt but Mr. Secretary writes some things to him [Davison] in his letter, as he has done to him, of some causes of suspicion that things are not meant so plainly as they are professed. And therefore, if he has written any such matter, he requests him to seek to understand the bottom of it, that they may the better take heed of their practices, if there be any. Surely, for his part, he does not like of the Earl of Arran's greatness with Secretary Maitland and Robert Melville, who, he knows, run a far contrary course to that which Arran professes, "for they be wholie Scotish Quenes, boddie and soule." And therefore the writer and he have the more need to look circumspectly into their doings. Has received some intelligence this day that one named Balladine, a Scottish man, but a citizen of Paris and a procurator there in parliament, was sent to Scotland about six weeks since. Who spoke with the King, and, having a prosperous wind, returned speedily again to Paris; and, after he had conferred with the bishop of Glasgow and the rest of the Queen of Scotland's Council there, he took post to Rome. Requests him to seek to know if any such man came out of France to Scotland about that time. Understands that Lord Russell is dead, and that the Earl of Leicester's son is also dead. Berwick. Signed: H. Hunsdon.

Postscript.—Incloses also a discourse of Throgmorton's late treasons, and a note of such speeches as he used at his death.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed.

235. Examinations of George Drummond. [July 1 and Aug. 4.]

"The summe of the examinacionis of George Drummound of Blair, in presence of the Lordes of secrete counsell, at Edinburgh the last day of July, and at Falkland the fourt day of August, 1584."

"George Drummound of Blair inquirit and examinate, declaris that he being in waird in the Castell of Edinburgh, and finding Mr. Robert Douglas, Provost of Linclouden, in the same waird, thay fell oftymes in conference, upoun the occasioun of thair keiping in waird, talking how thay mycht best find out the way of there awin libertie, and to alter the present estate, and to cutt away the erll of Arrane, as he quhom thay thocht the author of thair trouble. And hering of sum misliking of the erll of Craufurd, thocht meitt to tempt him to tak part in yer devisit interpris, and to assist the noblemen and others now exilit in England. The deponar desirit to knaw of the Provest of Linclouden quha wald deall with the Erll of Craufurde, that he suld be a man of credite and upoun quhat heades. The Provest willed the said George to shaw my lord that the Master of Glammis suld put ane blank in my Lord Lindsais hand submittand all materis debatable betuix the Erll of Craufurd and the said maister to sic as suld be nominat or ony uther gude securitie he pleased. Quhilk the said George having reportit to the Erll of Craufurd, fand him to mislike of the Erll of Arrane, and of the present state of the governament of the Court, and reportit the effect of thair conference agane to the Provest of Linclouden, declaring that the Erll of Craufurd wes in effect won to thair party. At quhilk tyme the provest shew ane advertizement to this deponar cum out of England, declaring how the Hamiltonis, Douglasses and utheris now banissed in England wer aggreed, and that thay wer content that the said blank suld be subscrived and deliverit in the Lord Lyndesais handes. Further the said George declaris that the cutting of the erll of Arrane suld have bene other as he past to the Bordouris or in his returning thairfra. Bot rathest in his returning. It wes spokin betuix thame that the King wald seke the wrak of sic as mellit in that mater. Zit wes it anserit and concludit better to wrak at liberty nor quhair thay wer. Thay thocht the cutting of of the erll of Arrane wes anewch to remeid all the mater. And sevin or aucht score of speris lichtand attanys in Edinburgh wes anewch to tak the toun. And he being dispatchit, thay tuke litle thocht of the lais. This deponer mislikit als far of the erll of Arrane as ony man did, seing he culd not get his favour. Zit my lord of Craufurde wald have knawin further gif he had biddin and delt with the men that suld have had the pouer. This deponar understande be conference with the Provost of Linclouden that he had dealing with England lang before the lettre quhilk he shew to this deponar. And at his last meting with the said Provest in the castell, declarit that he wes bown to write to England. The said lettre and advertizement come fra the erll of Angus."

"Extract be me Alexander Hay, Clerk of our soverane Lordis Register." Signed: Alexander Hay.

1¾ pp. In Alexander Hay's hand. Indorsed.

236. [Mr. William Davison] to Walsingham. [Aug. 4.]

Wrote to him a few days since by his man, by whom he signified somewhat of the new fears and jealousies risen here; he knows not upon what ground, other than that George Drummond of the Blair, a great guider of the Earl of Atholl, being lately taken out of his ward in this castle, where he was a prisoner, to be removed to Blackness or some other place, and suffered to remain a while in this town under caution for the despatch of some business he had in the Session, resorted privately to the Earl of Crawford. Who, entering into familiar discourse with him, inveighed against the present government in the person of Arran, condemning him of insolency, cruelty, bribery, extortion, and other vices intolerable. Which being delivered in a great appearance of hatred, and mislike of the person and his qualities, gave some boldness to Drummond to open himself the more liberally, soothing all that the earl had spoken, and marvelling that he and the rest of the nobility could suffer such abuses so long unreformed, to the peril and dishonour of the King, hurt of his estate, and discomfort of all honest men; assuring him that if his mislike were such as he pretended, and that he would be content to hold hand to the redress of things, he could not want a fellowship in Scotland to help to bring things to another point, with other free and general speech to that effect. Crawford making his profit of this as a good mean to further an action or two then depending before the Session— wherein Arran and his lady, "who measure justice by their own ell," had promised him their help—discovered the particularities of Drummond's speech to Arran. Who immediately caused the party to be apprehended [and] put the town in arms, commanding strait watch and ward night and day, and himself going continually armed, as if he had discovered some great matter. But the party being examined very straitly, as well of the speech as of the treason and conspiracy, stiffly denied both the one and the other, offering to justify himself by the sword against the earl his accuser. But at length, being charged with some particularity he had before uttered to the earl touching the Provost of Lincluden, who was prisoner within the same place, he confessed somewhat in his prejudice. Wherefore, he being sent for the next day and straitly examined, denies utterly to be acquainted with any such conspiracy as they would threaten against him, offering to abide his trial. Whereupon Arran going over to the Court has taken them both with him, thinking to "boult out" some great matter by their confronting. At least he hopes this shall be a good mean to induce the King to remove the Captain of the castle [of Edinburgh], whom by this stratagem they seek to draw into the King's hatred and suspicion, that he might the rather recover that strength into his own hand which he has so long thirsted for, and without which he esteems himself and their course utterly unassured. So that the Captain looks continually when he shall be charged.

The greatest matter he hears against the Provost of Lincluden is that he should offer to be a mean in compounding the feud between Crawford and the Master of Glamis. At least such language was "held" to the earl by Drummond, who is said to have taken remission for his fault in this and the rest, being induced thereto by fair promises, to make the cause of the rest appear more suspected. Notwithstanding he has been very particularly examined touching the captain and the constables, yet he has not, nor is he able, for aught he can hear, to touch them in anything that may prejudge them. Yet it seems they have a purpose to summon and call the constable before them—to strip the Master of him and others he most trusts and is most advised by, thinking afterwards to have the better of himself—who, so far as he can learn, is resolved to keep him where he is, do what they list.

The "boots," a kind of torture used here, were sent over on Friday to the Court for the examination of one Rassyth (fn. 1) [written "Fassyth" and "Fausith"], a man of the Earl of Mar's who had been in the castle of Stirling and escaped over the wall, and is suspected to have been since with his lord in England, and a trafficker between him and others; and being taken in Menteith was brought to the Court.

This town in the meantime continues strait watch and ward, and is appointed to fortify the battlements of the church for the better commanding of the high street. But there is other cause to entertain the King in a jealousy of the Castle and the lords abroad—who, as they give out, should have come in suddenly and seised this town. Understands nothing [of this].

Arran and his lady, before their going to Court, gave it out that they would bring over the King to this town forthwith, as well to hasten the removing of the Captain—who they think will yield to anything if the King be present—as to proceed in the forfeiture of the rest in this next Session of Parliament, which is now appointed to hold on the 20th instant.

The meeting between Lord Hunsdon and Arran goes slowly forward, the day being not yet certainly assigned, though warning be given to the officers of the Borders and others to be ready against the 11th instant to attend on him. It seems he has some diffidence of himself, and therefore means to go the stronger. Besides that he understands of some charge Lord Hunsdon should have to deal for the lords in England, especially the Earl of Mar, which makes him the slower— a thing entertained and nourished from Court, where they make no great haste to set the meeting forward, howsoever they disguise the matter. But herein his honour shall receive more certainty from Lord Hunsdon, whose servant Armorer is presently at the Court.

In the west Angus, M'Connell, M'Clane of Duart, great men in the Isles, Mackcawle of Lorne, and John Stewart of the Open have newly begun some alteration. It is thought to be a practice of some there to keep the Earl of Argyll occupied at home whilst they go on with their purposes here, as the man whose power and fellowship they fear most. He is yet in Angus, but [is] to remove shortly to Argyll, being earnestly written for by the barons of the country upon this occasion.

The Earl Marishal is at the Court to get redress of a wrong offered him by Huntly in the taking of a gentleman, his servant and follower, whom Huntly was charged under pain of horning to deliver, by letters procured from the King at the Earl Marishal's suit; which the next day were, by means made with Huntly, countermanded. Hears he has very little countenance since his coming thither, where he minds not to stay long. It he does not obtain redress for his wrong, and exemption for himself and his from the lieutenancy of Huntly, which he and others can by no means digest, it is like to breed some betwixt them, which will trouble the most part of the north.

Hears that there be letters of discharge given to all the students of Glasgow and Aberdeen to retire to their friends, and the masters and regents thereof put in ward, two in St. Andrews Castle, two in Glasgow, and one in Stirling, for refusing to allow the alteration begun in matters of the Church, and submitting themselves to the power of the bishops, who confound and turn all things here upside down.

[The bishop of] St. Andrews makes great boast of his credit in England and of the disgrace he has procured to the ministers who are fled, making the King believe their reception is such with them [the English] that they will be glad to be at home ere it be many weeks, with any condition that may be offered them. "But his lordship is so familiarlie acquaynted with speaking more then truthe, that for the most parte men are redier to heare him then believe him." He is now a great courtier and a favourer of the association, which, for the pension's sake he lives in hope of, he would fain help forward.

De La Fontaine keeps still in Court, but what is resolved in his business he cannot yet discover, the secret passing through very few hands. It is assured him that Arran has his part in that trafficking, howsoever he disguises the matter with them [the English]; and that the Frenchman feeds him and the rest with hope of great things, if the King may by their means be kept in good humour and conform himself to the advice of his mother and other his best friends—as he terms them—for his own greatness. Wherein he appears already but too much inclined to satisfy them.

Hears it still credibly confirmed that Ballandyne brought home money which was disposed amongst those in Court, and that another sum was either sent home before by the Master of Gray or is now brought by De La Fontaine to relieve the King's necessity. Howsoever it be, the appearance is great that they have had a supply.

Finds them here to grow jealous of his stay, which will increase if this Castle be charged and refuse to obey it. Requests order for his return before his credit be prejudged, which may make him the unfitter for service in this place hereafter; besides that in staying he shall but increase her majesty's charges and profit her services little or nothing, Lord Hunsdon being so near and having the means to understand how things pass. Beseeches him to purchase her majesty's gracious answer as soon as he can. Edinburgh.

2²/3 pp. Copy. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 104.

Original of the same.

237. Mr. William Davison to Walsingham. [Aug. 4.]

Has heard nothing from the Earl of Argyll. Thinks he defers his answer till his coming to Argyll or meeting with Mr. John Graham. He may be assured of his utter mislike of this course, although he [Davison] cannot yet assure what his part will be in the redress thereof. Alexander Erskine makes account of all that he [Argyll] may do for him, and is resolved to ride out all storms for five or six months at the least, hoping for her majesty's relief if the meantime produces no other remedy. It were good if he might be revoked before any open trouble, lest her highness be charged as author and he as instrument of those things that may happen here amongst themselves; the rather because, amongst the rest of her servants employed here for these few years past, he stands yet least prejudiced in the King of Scot's opinion. Finds some of "our own" ready to bring him into degree with the rest, and therefore beseeches him to be a mean for his revocation. Edinburgh.

1 p. Copy. Indorsed. (With No. 236.)

238. Hunsdon to Walsingham. [Aug. 7.]

This morning "Cuttie" Armerour returned with a letter from the Earl of Arran, a copy whereof he incloses, whereby he will see the cause of his long stay, which appears to be by a conspiracy betwixt the Scottish lords in England and some others in Scotland for the sudden apprehension of the King, killing the Earl of Arran and some others about the King, taking Edinburgh Castle with the consent of the constable, the Captain to be thrust out of doors, and the lords in England to be called home and have the charge of the King. These matters are discovered and confessed by the principal practisers thereof to be uttermost, as he shall hear more at large after his meeting with the Earl of Arran, which is appointed for the 13th instant. If these lords be privy to this practice it will go hard with them; for he fears her majesty will not be able to do that good for them that otherwise she might have done. Would not have doubted to have procured Mar's restitution again, and Angus might have been the more easily brought in afterwards. But now fears all is overthrown.

His [Hunsdon's] man's credit—which Arran will not commit to pen —is to let him understand of one who is very inward with the Scottish Queen, who is desirous to speak with him, and seems to be very desirous of the Queen of England's good favour and to do her good service. Knows he may do this if he will—no man better or so good. He is to come to him before his meeting with Arran. Knows him to be a Papist and greatly addicted to the Scottish Queen, and therefore will take the better head of him, and make the best profit he can of him for the Queen of England's service. Will not blame him until he has spoken with him.

As his man came over at Kinghorn, staying for the tide, he went to a house, where he found two Englishmen walking up and down, who presently, on his coming in, went into a chamber, where they tarried till he was gone. When he was in the boat they came as though they would have passed over likewise. But finding him in the boat they turned to Burnt Island. "Yet as my man landed besides Leithe they landed jumpe with him"; but instead of going to Leith they went to Seton. They were Fuljambe [Fowljam] and Witliffe. "Yf eather three that was with my man within a myle of Kinckorne had come thither with him, or that they had stayed at Leith, I think my man had gon verie neer to have brought them hither." It is thought they will go to England, and if they do, he hopes to hear of them. Received his packet yesternight, and sent it to Mr. Davison this morning at the opening of the gates. Berwick. Signed: H. Hunsdon.

1¼ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 106.

Copy of the same.

Inclosure with the same:—

(Arran to Hunsdon.)

After the receipt of his letters from his servant Cuthbert Armerour he "concluded with himself" with all haste to have directed the same messenger fully instructed concerning their meeting. "But the same daie and in the verie artickell of tyme of this my former conclusion, God Almightie, the God onlie of all truth move the hart of a wicked conspirator to utter a plate of treason concluded betwixte theis his majestes reabells and some their faverours amongst us, with all their conclusions for their divelishe execution against his moste innocent majestie and other worthie nobellmen of his Councell." Since which time he has been continually occupied in examinations and trial-taking, and in apprehending some guilty. In the end— all praise to God—some persons have confessed the whole purpose and subscribed their depositions themselves, as he hopes to let him see shortly face to face. Perceives, as he doubts not his lordship does, the unhappiness of this decrepid age of the world, wherein no honesty, no truth, or no example can avert the minds of disloyal persons from their undutiful attempts. Minds, therefore, with as good heart as he has to assist the happy amity betwixt these realms to his uttermost power, to meet him on the 13th instant. Will direct to him two noblemen of his majesty's Privy Council the night before to know the most convenient place. Renders him thanks in the King's name, "who yet abydeth still mocioned with a loving affection to see your lordship," [for] his own letter, "most acceptable to his majestie next the intercepted, (fn. 2) which hathe don greate good. Further not meet to be comited to penne, pleaseth your lordship receve of this bearours relacion." Palace of Falkland.

1 p. Copy in the hand of (Hunsdon's secretary). Indorsed in two hands.

239. Mr. William Davison to Walsingham. [Aug. 8.]

After dinner yesterday Arran came over from the Court with the commission he has so long aimed at, to charge the Captain with the delivery of this castle. And immediately after his arrival the Secretary, Sir Robert Melville, and the Clerk Register were sent up to him to signify the King's pleasure that he should give it up within twenty-four hours under pain of treason. The Captain took this charge in very ill part, finding it strange that the King would deal so hardly with him, who had lost his friends and ruined himself for his service; and now to be so suddenly put from his charge without giving him time to yield it up with his credit and surety, desiring to be spared till the Parliament. But that demand being refused, he answered that he would not disobey the King's charge, though he saw it tended to the wreck of himself and of his whole house and friends. Upon which resolution, the constable, who with other his friends persuaded the contrary, laying before him the strength of the place, their sufficiency of provision to inure a year's siege, the hazard whereinto he should cast himself and his, his promise and assurance given to his friends, and faith to [ ], finding the pusillanimity of the man such that all this did not prevail with him, and seeing otherwise no remedy, he withdrew himself out of the place this night and is fled to the lords in England. So that this day Arran is to take possession thereof, to the common grief of all men here, especially in this town, who foresee the misery like to grow to themselves by this change, and may of them determined to abandon the place. This success makes Arran presume of his fortune, and will, he does not doubt much, push him forward to that which with time will be the wreck of his master's person and estate.

He came this morning to visit him, and discovered to him the circumstance of the late pretended conspiracy, which he amplified with many particulars, whereof he can yet learn no other ground than his own report. But howsoever it be, the stratagem has, as it appears, served well to the purpose at which he directed it. Linclouden [Glenclodell] is still at Falkland, but stiffly denies the accusation of Drummond, and offers him the combat. The other was brought over again. He was in the boots, but not pinched.

Mr. John Colvile's wife is apprehended and committed to ward for intelligence with her husband. Requests him to procure his revocation as soon as he can, because he sees his stay will be to little purpose. Edinburgh.

Postscript.—Could wish Lord Hunsdon was entertained in a good opinion of his liking of Arran and his course, for he finds the condition of the time to admit none other. But to repose upon him will little "advantage" her majesty, as she will find with time. The man has strange conceits, and aspires—in the judgment of very wise men— to greater things than the world yet dreams of. He confesses to him that La Fontaine dealt with him about the association, and that he delivered himself an enemy to it. The rest he will communicate to Lord Hunsdon, with whom he minds to keep the meeting on the 13th instant, and purposes to go very strongly accompanied, having to that end warned, besides the officers of the Borders, a number of the noblemen and gentlemen of Lothian, Fife, and other places.

In the Border causes, more than that has passed between the officers of the East March. Sees nothing to be done till they see what this meeting will effect. Arran told him this morning, dealing with him upon that point, that the friendship going forward between the Princes, her majesty should have redress for the whole time since the King began his reign; which the secretary [Maitland] likewise confirmed. It were not amiss to go forward with the trial if it may do good. Is to receive again the sum disbursed. About 12 "this forenone" the Castle [of Edinburgh] is to be delivered up.

2 pp. Copy. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 107 b.

Original of the same.

240. [Walsingham] to Hunsdon. [Aug. 12.]

The Queen of England is sorry to understand by his late letters that the State of Scotland continues still subject to such jealousies and practices as commonly are incident to those governments where violence carries sway. She hopes that the noblemen retired into this realm will clear themselves of such matters as they are said now to be charged withal. If this fall out otherwise, then shall she be able to do the less good for them.

Her highness greatly desires that the interview between the Earl of Arran and him were performed; for that she hopes she shall be able thereby to guess what assurance she may make of the Scottish amity, which she conceives can hardly be sound so long as they bear so great sway with the King who are known to be altogether at his mother's devotion. And although the Earl [of Arran] himself is no way thought to be devoted that way, yet reposing, as he does, great trust in Maitland and Robert Melville, it is to be feared that he shall be hindered through their persuasions from doing that good he would otherwise of his own disposition. Finds her majesty earnestly bent to make trial what performance the Earl of Arran will make of the great devotion he professes to bear towards her; and in case she shall find the effects agreeable with the assurance given by him, she seems to be thoroughly resolved that he shall taste of the fruits of her favour.

By reason of the contrarieties of winds they have heard nothing from foreign parts since he last wrote to him. They are in very good hope that all things will do well [in] Ireland, from whence they hear that all doubtful persons daily come in to the Lord Deputy and give pledges for their good and loyal behaviour. So that good friendship standing between the King of Scots and her majesty, there is great likelihood that such a reformation will be wrought in Ireland as in many years heretofore has not been performed.

2²/3 pp. Draft. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 108.

Copy of the same.

241. Walsingham to Mr. William Davison. [Aug. 13.]

Has been very earnest with the Queen of England for his revocation, but can by no means induce her to assent thereto, though he showed her sundry reasons to lead her to see that his abode there might rather do harm than good. But she supposes that his departure at present would confirm some jealousies they have already conceived, as though he had been a dealer therein underhand. Hopes after the meeting between Lord Hunsdon and Arran there will be some good opportunity offered to renew the request for his revocation. It will be fit hereafter that such instruments be employed in Scotland as Lord Hunsdon shall like and make choice of.

Hears that the King of Scots greatly desires the company of Mr. Robert Carey, who, being agreeable to the King, well liked of by Arran, and no way inclined to those here who mislike of the present course there, shall be a far more fit instrument than himself [Davison], who is "heard" for a man suspected, whatsoever outward show they make to the contrary, in respect of the favour they know he bears to the poor distressed ministers, who receive very small comfort here, as the bishop of St. Andrews gives out. "And it may be true, as he saith, that the same groweth from himselfe, who sent a speciall instrument into this realme with lettres to the archbishop and certain others of the clergye who have so prevayled with the Queen as they are nether suffered to preach nor no man dare harbour them for feare of offence." Thus he sees how kindly they are dealt with who have best deserved at their [the English] hands, which cannot but greatly wound and grieve the best affected men of that realm. Is glad to understand by his last letter that their [the English] money is saved, though he is sorry for the cause.

The inclosed, to William Nugent, is written from his brother the Baron of Delvin. He advises him to have recourse to him [Davison] in secret sort, and to pray him to be a means for the recovery of her majesty's favour towards him. Greatly doubts, as he hears nothing from him [Davison] touching him, that he is departed towards Ireland, or at least towards those parts of Scotland that are opposite Ireland, whereby he may have means to have intelligence from thence, and to set abroach such practices as he has brought from Rome and other foreign parts. If on the receipt of his brother's letter he shall seek to have recourse to him, he shall do well to assent thereto, and to assure him—as so warranted by him [Walsingham]—that in case he shall discover to him such practices as he knows and has been an instrument in, tending to the renewal of the troubles in Ireland lately appeased, as also how far forth Scotland is a party in that cause, and who of that realm be the principal furtherers thereof, that he will then not only procure her majesty's pardon, but also that he shall be restored to her good opinion with as great grace and favour as though he had never committed any offence against her. Incloses the letter he desired to the party he wots of. Her majesty has assented to fifty years, and there is order given for the speedy passing of his "book." Oatlands. Signed: Fra. Walsyngham.

Postscript.—He shall do well to write letters of thanks to her majesty for his book. Is glad he has dealt so warily touching Edinburgh Castle, otherwise Lord Hunsdon would have made him profit thereof to the disgrace of both of them [Davison and Walsingham]. Made the Queen of England only acquainted with the matter. Assures him that the most part of the English Councillors incline to the King of Scots and "50" [his mother]. Never saw so great discontentment as well in Court as elsewhere as presently reigns. Arran sends the Master of Gray to Hunsdon to discover to him these practices, under the colour of an extraordinary care Arran shows to have of the Queen of England's safety. This matter is only imparted to "280." Knows all is but abuse, as he will show him on his return, which he will procure with all expedition, for Hunsdon will work his disgrace if he stays there. Fears the Earl of Leicester has some dealing underhand there. Has charged him withal, but he denies it. If he has, [Roger] Ashton is the mean, who God knows is but a weak instrument. He will do well to deal warily with Fouler. Suspects he is used but for an underminer. The letters he [Fouler] delivered are of no great importance. Sometimes delivers such baits to his instruments as were stolen by corruptors of some about him.

3 pp. Partly in cipher. Postscript holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

Draft of part of the same.

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 108.

Copy of the same.

242. Walsingham to Mr. William Davison. [Aug. 13.] Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 112.

I send you herewith the letters you desired to the party you wotof. Her majesty has assented to fifty years, and there is order given for the speedy passing of your "book." You shall do well to write her letters of thanks.

¹/8 p. Copy.

243. Elizabeth to Sir Ralph Sadleir. [Aug. [15].] C.P., vol. XIII.

Whereas she has made special choice of him to supply the place of the Earl of Shrewsbury in the charge of the Queen of Scots, she sends by this bearer, her servant Sommer, whom she has also appointed to attend on him to assist him in the said service, such instructions as she has thought meet to set down for his better direction how to execute the charge committed to him according to her will and pleasure. Will have a care to ease him of the charge as soon as conveniently may be.

1 p. Copy. Indorsed: "M[inute] from her majestie to Sir Rafe Sadler apointed to take charg of the Sco. Q. Aug. 1584."

244. Elizabeth to Lord Darcy. [Aug. 15.] C.P., vol. XIII.

Whereas she has appointed Sir Ralph Sadleir to have the custody of the Scottish Queen in the absence of the Earl of Shrewsbury, she has thought good to signify so much to him, and require him not only to be assisting and aiding to him in such sort as from time to time by his letter he shall require the same at his hands for the better accomplishing of her service, but also in case he shall hear or understand of any matter tending to the hindrance thereof, that he forthwith advertise him of the same.

1 p. Draft. Indorsed: "15 Aug. 1584. M[inute] from hir majestie to the L. Darcy of the North. Towching Sir Ralph Sadler's dispatch for takyng charge of the Q. of Scottes."

245. Elizabeth to all Justices of the Peace, Mayors, etc. [Aug. 15.] C.P., vol. XIII.

Whereas Sir Ralph Sadleir, knight, is for a time appointed to have the charge and custody of the Scottish Queen, and thereby may have occasion to use their service, she wills and straitly charges and commands them and every of them that when they shall be directed by him to keep watch and ward by some of themselves in their several limits, accompanied and assisted by so many of her good subjects of the same limits in such places, at such times, and so long as by him shall be appointed during the time of his charge, or shall receive commandment from him either by mouth, letter or warrant signed with his hand, for any service to be done by them, that they fail not, as they tender her pleasure and service, to discharge their duties in that behalf, as they will answer to the contrary at their uttermost peril. Oatlands.

1 p. Draft. Indorsed: "15 Aug. 1584. M[inute] of a commission signed by hir majestie for the takyng uppe all necessaries for Sir Ralph Sadler sent to take the chardge of the Sc. Q."

246. Elizabeth to the Sheriffs of Derby, Nottingham, and Leicester. [Aug. 15.] C.P.,vol. XIII.

Whereas she has appointed Sir Ralph Sadleir to have the charge of the Scottish Queen in the absence of the Earl of Shrewsbury, her will is that if he shall by his letter at any time require their assistance and aid they shall forthwith, upon such signification, resort to such place so accompanied with such numbers as he shall require. Manor of Oatlands.

¾ p. Draft. Indorsed: "15 Aug. 1584. M[inute] from hir majestie to the Sheriffes of Nottingham, Derbie and Leceyster," etc.

247. Monsieur Fontenay to Mary. [Aug. 15.] C.P., vol. XIII.

Madam, since my arrival here I have sought for, but have not been able to find the means to write to your majesty or to render you account of all my proceedings both in France and here. Before my departure from Paris it was not in my power to draw any news from [the bishop of] Glasgow, and, in consequence, less from the Duke of Guise, beyond that he commanded me to tell the King of Scotland that he had sent him not long since 6000 crowns in awaiting a greater sum, and that as soon as the forces of the King of Spain are ready he will not fail to be present in person, to pass promptly here. The rest of what he told me only being compliments of his good-will towards the King of Scotland your son.

The [ ] of [ ]. I arrived at "Petit Lith" whence, according to the commandment of your majesty, I despatched one of my servants to my Lord Doun to pray him to advertise the King of Scotland of my arrival. Whilst awaiting the reply several lords came to visit me. Except Lord Seton's children, whom he had informed of my coming, the others returned without having known me or my affairs, except that I had come only to visit the country.

The King of Scotland hearing of this my way of proceeding was very pleased, knowing by that, that I did not wish to discover anything or negotiate with anyone except at his direction, therefore he sent immediately my Lord Doun to fetch me and conduct me here, for at the time of my arrival he was hunting. Which reminded me of your majesty, who was doing the same when my brother-in-law and I arrived at Tutbury. The next day, having done me the honour to hear me, I presented the sword to him, declaring to him what your majesty had commanded me at this conference. At which he began to laugh. He protested to me that he would be a good and loyal cavalier to you all his life, and that in a few days the head of my lord Lindsay, and of all the others that he could catch of your enemies, would be a proof how religiously he wished to keep the oath of chevalier that when he was an infant in the cradle was made for him to your majesty; of which can be seen a more full and particular testimony in the letters that he wrote to your majesty here inclosed.

Besides what your majesty can see in the said letters to have been done by me for the advancement of your service, I have achieved several other things as follows. In the first place, fearing that the King your son, industriously, himself, or at the persuasion of those who possess him, did not wish to draw out longer your association, I decided to prove further his willingness by enquiring to which people he desired that your majesty should send your letters of commission to pass with him the said association. After having delayed two days to think it over, he at last named the Earls of Arran, Montrose, Argyll, Eglinton, and Sir Robert Melvin. If your majesty thinks this good, it seems to me that it would not be out of the way to add the Earls of Crawford and Huntly. For this reason, madam, I pray your majesty very humbly to send me the said letters of commission, to the end to bring to an end the subject here after the return of Monsieur de Seton, to prevent deferring longer the conclusion of this thing for want of the said letters of commission, and especially as the opportunity will never be so good of passing the said association as at present, during the banishment of the traitors, as the greater part of those who remain here, knowing to-day the inclination of the King towards your majesty, cry daily for forgiveness for the wrongs that they have done you, promising never to do so again and to be faithful subjects and servitors to you all their lives one and all.

As to the treaty for your liberty, the King is of a mind that your majesty should pursue the conclusion without dissembling more, but with the best and most advantageous conditions possible, for the common good of your majesties, having told me that he desires before the conclusion of the said treaty to have entire communication, because according to the contents of the same he could advise your majesty of several things that you do not know, as in a like case he has been advertised by you of several other things that he did not know.

The desire that he has for the conclusion of your deliverance makes me think that he is now unwilling to treat of anything with the Queen of England. The Earl of Arran, to whom they say Monsieur de Gray has revealed the enterprise, has put the idea into his head, and Monsieur de Gray nourishes it to disgust him with the enterprise, from which I have found his majesty very much alienated, at seeing it almost entirely without hope. To obviate which, and to remit the King again to the good opinion that he had of it, I have forged a letter that I have made him believe, and the said Gray also, to have lately come to me from France, in which they give me good hope of the said enterprise, and that the King of Spain had sent his resolution to the Duke of Guise, who awaited shortly for the execution thereof, which I give expressly to be understood, so as to retain the said Gray in the negotiation and treaty that Arran and he ought to have conjointly with my Lord Hunsdon.

At the beginning, seeing that the Earl of Arran was alone comprised in the commission of the said treaty, fearing that the King of Scotland should allow himself to be abused by him, I made instance to his majesty to depute some one with the said Arran, to assist him on the part of your majesty, who otherwise would have suspected this interview, and would take very bad opinion if anything passed without his knowledge and consent. On my remonstrance the King promised me to send the said lord Gray, whom I should like better if he was not quite so much under the will of the said Arran.

Having told the King that your majesty would find it very agreeable to know whom he would send to visit you, he replied that he had not yet decided. Nevertheless Monsieur de Gray told me that he made certain account of being sent there. My lord Doun desires very much to have this charge, and I myself should desire, with the will of your majesty, that the King should give it to the Earl of Arran, because your majesty could, in doing this, win him entirely to your side. And also I am assured that the Queen of England would grant more easily your liberty, if once the said earl undertook to ask her for it, being a man, clever, brave, and of execution.

I have had all the trouble in the world to turn him from an opinion that he held, that is to say, that it is not necessary yet that the King should declare openly to the Queen of England the union of your majesties, the affection that he bears you, nor that he should make any instance of your deliverance. His reasons were to provoke the said Queen of England to take up arms against the King his master, or rather, when she did not take them, to put her in danger of villainous shame, if it happened that she should refuse your deliverance. Whereupon he asked me what means your majesties had in case of refusal of avenging yourselves on the said Queen of England, and to compel her to do the will of the King your son, and in my opinion he tried cautiously to draw from me something of the enterprise. On this occasion, without touching on any particularity, I held myself in these terms, that your relations in France in my opinion would not leave your majesties in such extremity of shame and danger, besides, that he himself at the beginning of our discourse had said plainly that he did not fear at all the forces of the said Queen of England, and that his master was too subdued to resist her, a thing marvellously contradictory, to his last apprehensions and contemplations, which put me in greater doubt of the affection and fidelity that he promised me towards your majesty, even to telling me that, if necessary, he offered with [ ] horses to go near to the castle of Tutbury to attempt your deliverance against [ ] and in spite of all England, knowing well, said he, the brave guards who are around your majesty, or rather that if you would advise other means he offered to execute them.

Taking him at his word, I prayed him to write to your majesty, assuring him that you would have therefrom great consolation, and obligation to confide in him henceforth your most important affairs. Which I did expressly with the intention, as now I hope to do, to engage him thereby to your majesty. Nevertheless, at the time he told me that he could not do it without express commandment from the King, mentioning besides several inconveniences that could happen if his letters should be intercepted. To do away with this apprehension, I offered him on my life, and the little good and honour that I have in this world, that if he wished to trust the letters to me I would deliver them to your majesty so safely that no harm could come of it.

Seeing himself pressed by me so closely, he promised me at last to act entirely by the will of the King, appointing me a time on the next day to confer together in the presence of his majesty.

Before entering there I decided to recount to him separately what had passed between the said Arran and me, taking occasion on this proposal to prepare his majesty for my intentions, by all the reasons that I thought most persuasive, and conformable to his humour, which I know well to be very fearful of the malediction of God and of your majesty, and for the rest very ambitious, I understand, of a virtuous glory, and does not wish to seem to have any fear of any King who may be in the world.

Thus some time after having called on the said Arran, I commenced to propose, if it was expedient, on that day, to show openly in England, and elsewhere, the reverence and friendship that he owed to your majesty as his mother. Which I maintained against the reasons of Arran to be not only honest and profitable, but necessary for the common good of your majesties. It would be outside the purpose, and superfluous to repeat the reasons and passages that I discoursed of with the King; the most important was that he gave me the victory. The King then having concluded for me this first proposition, to the end that the effect might follow the word, in virtue of the execution of that decision, I requested his majesty to command two things to the said Earl of Arran when he would treat with my Lord Hunsdon. First, that he should avow to him and make known plainly the affection of his master and him towards your majesty. This first point was not only granted to me by the said King, but expressly commanded to the Earl of Arran. My second request was, that they should make instance to the said Hunsdon to get a passport from the Queen of England to go and visit your majesty. After several reasons on one side and another, it was resolved and commanded by the King to the said Arran, that if he remained on good terms with the said Lord Hunsdon, he should make instance for the said passport; if not, that he should not ask him for anything. That if their treaty should remain in terms indifferent and undecided, whether of friendship or enmity, they should defer asking for the said passport until, and according to the conclusion of the affairs. But in conclusion the King promised me that, whatever should happen, he would send some one to visit your majesty shortly.

As to demanding your deliverance from the Queen of England, I could not sound the ideas of the said Arran without giving him knowledge of the enterprise, which the King had expressly forbidden me, and therefore, without going further, it was resolved that the execution of this article should be done as soon and conveniently as possible, according to the course that the affairs between your majesty and the Queen of England may take. After having obtained what I demanded, for proof of the affection of the King towards your majesty, I decided to engage the said Arran therein as well as his master. On this occasion I made him promise and swear on his oath to sign your association as soon as Lord Seton has sent the letters and articles. Moreover, in waiting until it was convenient for him to write to your majesty, I begged the King, since he wished to employ himself in the management of your common affairs, to take, even at that instant, oath from him to his King, and son of the Queen his mother, that he would be to you for ever a very faithful and very obedient subject and servant under pain of incurring not only the bad grace of your majesties, but also the dishonour and punishment of traitors. The King having taken from him this oath promised me that he would answer to your majesty with his own life for the said Earl of Arran, assuring himself that he would never break his oath. When the said Arran had gone the King promised me that he would find means to make him write to your majesty, to the end to oblige him as well by letters as by word. If once your majesty can entirely win him, your majesty can promise yourself all that it may please you to have done in this country. His wife contrives to win him, believing more in herself than in God. Money and grandeur are the means to win her, being proper instruments to serve them for their ambition and avarice. And he and she equally have a mind quick, penetrating, subtle, desirous of goods and greatness, arrogant, confident to understand, and capable of many things, in short who possess so much more than the King that the most part of the people and lords esteem truly that he has been bewitched by them.

All that I fear in this is the hatred that universally all the greatest lords and people bear him up to death, which makes me apprehend a prompt revolt and mutation of this estate if God does not intervene, having already discovered a conspiracy against him to kill him and seise him from the King.

There are four prisoners in this castle, of whom the one has been perpetually a servant of your majesty, and calls himself the Provost of Lincluden, a relation of George Douglas. He has not yet confessed anything. The other is called Drumond [Dromont], who withdraws sometimes from his confession; sometimes he continues it. The two others are of low condition [I] not knowing their names. Madam, I have not had cause to say anything to the King of the ministers, for he is himself well prepared for their ruin. Only I have confirmed him in the good opinion that he has of them, so well that he has promised me to have two or three hanged to serve as an example to the others. I only fear one thing, that he wishes to make himself head of the Church, so that afterwards, having procured the goods thereof, he could persist more obstinately in his doctrine, which, nevertheless, is quite separated from Luther and Calvin, holding many points with us, among others that faith is dead without deeds, that there is no predestination, and other like maxims. He holds a false opinion which, nevertheless, is profitable to the Catholics, it is, that entire faith in God saves a man, of whatever religion he may be, inferring from that that his predecessors and your majesty even can be saved. This opinion is partly the cause that he hates the Catholics less, besides that in treating them well he thinks it to be received very kindly by your majesty, having asked me several times if you were not very pleased with what he had done for the poor banished English. He had had them entertained on the land of the Earl Huntly, whom the said English praise very much for the good treatment that he has done them continually, for which they desire that it may please your majesty to thank him for them by some few words by letter, for they believe that the said Huntly has done them these good offices in your consideration. Monsieur Foljambe and his father-in-law ought to leave here in four days to go to France, where they have not any means of living without the kindness and generosity of your majesty, for love of whom they lost all their goods.

Madam, I have as yet only mentioned to the King his marriage generally, as a thing that can be treated of more at leisure. As to the secret instructions, the King has promised me what follows. For the first article—the death of my Lord Lindsay and the Abbot of Dunferline. His majesty does not know the bastards of the house of Mar. With regard to the Douglases and Hamiltons, he told me that at the last Parliament he had anticipated your commandment by an edict declaring that no one henceforth had to seek for, demand or require of his majesty restitution, remission or other grace for that which once would have been punished as a crime of high treason, under pain of incurring the same pain of forfeiture, without exception of persons, estate, condition or quality whatsoever. The execution of the Earl of Gowrie preceding my arrival here has rendered void the article which concerns him. As to Colonel Stewart, the King told me that he considers him as a man of as few words as of a simple mind, in no ways malicious, brave in war, and faithful in his service, who truly hitherto has been an adversary of your majesty, but at present very affectionate towards you. Moreover, that these last days, speaking to him of something he was silly and presumptuous enough to say to his majesty, that it was decidedly necessary that he should act therein at his own discretion, but he made him feel very much ashamed by commanding him to leave his presence and never to return, asking him whether he thought he had the means to make him as much of a rogue and vagabond as he had become in his service, and so make himself more of a scoundrel than he was. Then his majesty told me that on this he began to cry very much, and threw himself at his feet to ask his pardon for his silly indiscretion, promising him with clasped hands that it should never happen that he would forget himself towards his majesty. He has not failed at this time to lose much of his credit, together with the alms that Arran gave him daily. And, nevertheless, with all that, the King has commanded me, and the said Colonel requested me, to write in his favour to your majesty to assure you of the good affection that he has to serve you faithfully during life, without sparing anything in the world that may be in his power. To the end to oblige him more strictly to this duty, he prays your majesty very humbly to be willing to write a few words to the King of Spain in his recommendation, so that it may please his Catholic majesty to give back and restore to his wife the possessions that have been taken from her in the Low Countries during the war, the said Colonel promising in this case to remain for ever a good and faithful vassal of the said King of Spain. And as a proof of this he would put into the hands of the Prince of Parma all the companies that he had at the service of the state, which he promises to be able to do easily, under pretext that he has not been paid by them, having assured me that they owed him more than— (fn. 3) crowns. Besides the said letters, which he begs your majesty to send to the King of Spain by the shortest and most usual way, he prays again your majesty to do him the favour to send here two other letters on the same subject, the one to the said Prince of Parma, and the other to the Duke of Guise, to recommend to them his affairs. Madam, I pray very humbly your majesty to grant this favour to the said Colonel, because I know well that he can deserve it in your service, and that of the King your son, having already imparted to me much intelligence that he has received from England touching the designs that the Earl of Leicester made or devised to seek for your majesties and to have good intelligence with you, especially since the death of his son, whom he had promised to the Countess of Shrewsbury for the little Arbella. Whatever it may be, he favours your party, whether with goodwill or from the necessity of his private affairs, which could not exist without those of the King his master, forcing him to take your part. In which, before the King dismisses me from here, I will strengthen him as much as possible with hope of goods and greatness, which are the only sirens which can charm the most part of the lords of this country. For it is foolish to preach to them their duty towards their Princes, the honour of just and virtuous actions, and the memory that they ought to leave to posterity, they knowing more of this discourse than all the philosophers together. But, for all that, they do not wish to do otherwise than the Athenians, who knew what was good and just, but did not wish to do it. It is a common misfortune here that the most part of the lords do not wish to extend their sight further than their feet, without taking any thought of the future, and less still of the past.

As to the article of the fortresses, the King has begun by changing the Captain of Edinburgh castle, not for any doubt that he has of his fidelity, but for his leniency, and too great friendship with his wife, whom they consider to be very avaricious and corruptible; besides which he is uncle of the Earl of Mar and bears the same name as he. Last Monday, Arran entered into possession of the said castle, of which the King has given him the keeping instead of the other.

As to his finances and liberality, I see him in good resolution to take heed more carefully than ever, and to enrich his crown as much as possible, there being already reserved for him the most beautiful and best of the possessions of the Earl of Gowrie.

With regard to the alliance between France and Scotland, he assures me that he has given charge to Lord Seton to renew it, but only to confirm the old one [sic].

He finds your majesty's advice very good, to hold open the door to all the other Christian princes, whom he purposed to observe carefully, especially with regard to the King of Spain, to whom I see he bears more affection than he wishes to be made apparent, and would have still more without the length at which they have held the enterprise up till now, being sorry that they entertain it with words without any effect.

Treating with his majesty of the said enterprise, I have discovered that he very much apprehends the foreign aid, having told me that he has enough men if he had the money to pay them, and that above all he does not ask the King of Spain for anything but 20,000 crowns to bring the said enterprise to a happy end. Which makes me think that he will never consent that the forces of the said King of Spain should pass here or into England. As for the Pope, he hates him extremely, and does not wish to hear him spoken of in any way. Nevertheless, I am certain that if he had conferred with Tirens or another man, learned in theology, he would be converted in two days, because in disputing with one who has very great judgment, he understands, and easily grasps reason, not hating our religion so much from opinionativeness and bad inclination, as from ignorance of the truth that the ministers have hidden from him always, making him believe ten thousand wickednesses of the Pope, the monks, and the priests. He has promised me to write shortly to your majesty his intention on all the particularities of the said enterprise, which, as he considers very wrongly, have been communicated by the Laird of Fentry [Monsieur de Fentray] to the Earl of Montrose [Monsieur de Montrose], and to Sir Robert Melville, although he considers them faithful servants of your majesty, because he said that these affairs cannot be kept secret enough. This is one of the principal causes of the little credit that he gives to Monsieur de Fentray, who, nevertheless, has protested to me only to have revealed the said enterprise to the abovesaid, Montrose and Melvin. by commandment of his majesty.

Declaring to him the names of your friends and partisans in England, he was very astonished and pleased that my Lord Burgley was one of them. As to his cousin Arbella, your majesty may assure yourself that he will not advance her further. And with regard to the good opinion that he ought to acquire with respect to the Catholics of England, he promised me he will work for it henceforth more than he has done in the past. Madam, these are shortly the replies of the King your son, to the contents of each article of my instructions, both general and secret, except what concerns his marriage.

For the rest he told me that altogether he has only received from the Duke of Guise and [the Archbishop of] Glasgow, six thousand crowns which were lately brought him by M. Ballantin. He had done so little that he did not wish to touch them, so he delivered them into the keeping of Monsieur de Gray. Nevertheless, he knew that your majesty had sent him much more. Yet the Duke of Guise had commanded me to tell his majesty that the said 6000 crowns were of his own money. With regard to the other 6000 crowns that Monsieur Fentray brought to the lords, the said Fentray after having made all the refusals in the world to tell me what he had done, in the end, seeing that I had commandment from your majesty to know, told me that he had only brought 4000 pistolets that he had distributed according to your majesty's order. The King told me that he had only spoken to him of 3000, of which he had delivered one thousand or twelve hundred to the Earl of Montrose, head of his house, 500 or 600 to my lord Doun, and the rest where it seemed good to him, his majesty complaining severely that he is a great villain to use your money in this way at the discretion and fancy of Glasgow, being very astonished that the Duke of Guise possessed such a man and such an enemy of your majesty's. He is likewise very sorry that he communicated all your common affairs to the Jesuits at the desire of the said [bishop of] Glasgow. His reason is that he says he knows well that the Jesuits by the vow of their profession are bound to reveal to their superior all that they know of the affairs of Princes. So that in treating with them no affair of importance can be kept secret. Which makes me say that Monsieur de Gray has put this idea into his head, as he related to me that once Father William Holt, hearing him in confession, refused to give him absolution, because he did not wish to reveal to him what he knew of your majesty's affairs, and that since he has hated the Jesuits like the devil, not wishing ever to negotiate anything which would be treated of with their intervention. That is why he told me he had written to the Duke of Guise and [the Archbishop of] Glasgow, not wishing to mix himself more in theenterprise, nor henceforth to have intelligence with any other person than your majesties, whom only he wishes to serve and no other.

Several have attributed that to ingratitude and fickleness, seeing that he was introduced into your majesty's affairs by the means of the said Duke of Guise and [the Archbishop of] Glasgow.

Madam, the King has forbidden me to deliver your majesty's letters to the Earl Marishal and the Earl of Athol, telling me of the first that he is a villain who has wished to find a companion in favour of the rebels; as to the other, that he is a young fool and disobedient to his mother—whom his majesty honours and loves infinitely, having commanded me to go and visit her without fail—and that he has played the fool as well as the other. Speaking to him of Earl Bothwell, he began to smile, telling me freely that he was both silly and foolish, nevertheless, that he had not been of those who attempted his last capture at Ruthen, but on the contrary that immediately afterwards he came to find his majesty, offering himself to alone be the means of his deliverance, and that he never spoke of your majesty except with regret, saying that he had certainly lost his good mother, because while he was an infant your majesty always called him her son as well as the King. Nevertheless (so said the King), this last time his wife has made him very angry because of his brother of Angus, in favour of whom he was willing to play the fool, and seeming to play at being discontented, as the others, without, nevertheless, passing further as he had not had the means or understanding to do moreover. All the house of the Setons is hated and discredited by his majesty as much as he can, because of the Earl of Arran, who pursues them cruelly. Also the King does not speak to me of them without mocking at them, either the father or one of his children, considering them as stupid people or of little understanding, avowing nevertheless their fidelity. The Master of Fentray is to him very distasteful and insupportable as all those of the party of [the Archbishop of] Glasgow, besides that he considers him a man of little conception and many words, and therefore little secretive, and who repeats a hundred times one same thing, telling me that I should find that true if I conferred only one week with him. His majesty adding that the said Laird of Fentray thought to make himself very agreeable by entertaining him all one day with vain hopes of his enterprise, of which he made a shield, or to say better, a repertory of his Bible.

Madam, to speak nicely to your majesty, besides the affection of the said Fentray towards the Archbishop of Glasgow and the Jesuits, I should desire for your service that he had much credit near the King, as those who have the most have need of prudence, secretion, and fidelity, or rather that those there should be as much people of importance as he; without that the Earl Montrose, who is his chief and in favour near the King, his majesty, would never see him. Madam, the King was astonished that your majesty had addressed me to my Lord Doun, and that you have so often written to him of your affairs, seeing his little understanding and capacity. To which, to satisfy him, I replied that your majesty had done it heedfully, to the end to give less thought to the others that I was here for matters of importance. The King did not cease to like him and do him kindness, because he knew him to be a good man, and very faithful and affectionate servant of your majesty, in consideration of which he has done me all the good offices of which he has been able to think. The King has reconciled the Earl of Crawford with the Earl of Arran, who made him like the greater part of his credit, so that he remains the greater part of the time outside the Court, where, nevertheless, I have seen him two or three times; but he never remains there a whole day. I find him a very affectionate servant to your majesty, having promised me not only all favour to pass your association, but to deliver my Lord Lindsay to the King, as many times as he wished to search for the crimes that he has committed against your majesty. confessing that he has deserved more than death on this occasion. But with regard to the last rebellion of Stirling, he knows well that he is not so guilty as several others who have been saved by those of their blood, not being able to do less for his than the others.

The King told me that the Earl of Montrose a few days ago threw himself on his knees before him in his cabinet, crying in earnest, and asking his pardon for what formerly he had done against your majesty, swearing and protesting that he wished to serve you faithfully all his life. Which the King believes. The people consider him a just man and of good judgment, slow at understanding, of little enterprise, avaricious and timid as possible, in consequence little steadfast and constant. Being head of the house of Graymes, he is quite at the devotion of the Archbishop of Glasgow on account of the Laird of Fentray. He is Grand Treasurer of Scotland. I find also the Earl of Rothes very affectionate to your majesty. The King considers him as such, and told me that last year when they said that the Queen of England wished to have your majesty brought to London, he threw himself on his knees before him, to pray him to help you, or rather that he would permit him to seek for the means thereof, and to employ him as chief in this execution, in which he offered to employ freely his life and that of all his people. One does not find any fault in him except avarice, and the alliance that he has made of his children with the Earl of Angus and the Laird of Lochleven. The Secretary Maitland, otherwise named Lidington, brother of him who served your majesty in the same estate, professes to be very much your servant. I desire him as such, as being a man of importance, whom they esteem to be discreet and clever. He is of the triumvirate with Arran and Montrose, I understand, for the affairs of the estate and of the council. The King considers Sir Robert Melvin a very affectionate servant of your majesty, but too friendly with [the Archbishop of] Glasgow. I think both true.

The King has not told me good or bad of the Master of Gray, except that he considers him very affectionate in your service, having, nevertheless, forbidden me to communicate to him anything more than what he already knows, and has handled of the affair. And, nevertheless, outside the Secret Council of the State and important affairs, the said Master of Gray, since his reconciliation with the Earl of Arran, is one of the first in favour near the King, in which, at my advice, the said Arran, a man cautious and discreet, knowing his humour, keeps him. Which makes me so much more suspect both for the reasons which follow. First, I know well that both have been many times with Davidson, and have tried that the King should not have him dismissed, as his majesty had promised me. I know, moreover, that the said Arran has received from the said Davidson a thousand angelots; at which, nevertheless, they tell me that he has since laughed, saying that he would take as much when they were delivered to him, but that the English were so much more silly and unskilful, knowing well that he did not like them. As to the said Gray, they have not told me that he had received anything from the said Davidson; but one morning he showed me in one of his hands six hundred pieces of gold, the most part angelots, rose nobles, and Portuguese, which were, by what he told me, worth in all about four or five thousand crowns. Further, one day laughing about the Duke of Guise, Glasgow, and Monsieur de Fentray, with their enterprise, he told me decidedly that he did not see any other better expedient for the good of your majesties than to accommodate yourselves together with the Queen of England, and assure yourselves as well as possible, adding also that the King your son for his own part was in necessity of taking that course for want of other means which can maintain him against a so powerful, rich and redoubtable princess as the Queen of England. Another time speaking to him of what sureties could be hoped for from the Queen of England for your majesties, he replied to me that he was certain at least that the said Queen of England would leave the King in peace, and that he would be bound to her with his body and possessions. They tell me that before his reconciliation with Arran he sang a different tune. Therefore the bankruptcy that he has caused to the Duke of Guise, [the Archbishop of] Glasgow, Fentray, and to the enterprise without the consent of your majesty makes the greater part of the Catholics and other good people consider him ungrateful, fickle, corruptible, and inconstant. His agreement and intelligence with Arran, the pieces of gold that he showed me, and the terms in which I see him to-day considering the affairs of your majesty, draw me almost to the opinion of others.

Nevertheless, I pray your majesty to receive this advertisement rather as a proviso, than as a certain judgment that I make of the intentions of the said Gray.

The principal affairs are governed by the triumvirate of the Earls of Arran and Montrose and the Secretary Ledington. The King by the Earl of Arran alone, and Monsieur de Gray is occupied principally in amusement and recreation.

The estate of the country is in great danger of not enjoying for long the repose in which it is—praying God that I may be very much mistaken in this opinion. The kingdom is divided into three factions, of which the least is faithful to your majesties, the second traitors, of whom some are banished in England, others here to rekindle the fire with their firebrands. The third is of those discontented against the Earl of Arran, and his mortal enemies. This faction is very much to be feared as being the strongest and the greatest in the number of lords, of whom some are neutral in affection towards your majesties. Although until now they have never committed treason, they are, nevertheless, nearly related to the traitors, who could easily draw them to their party under pretext of avenging themselves on the Earl of Arran. After several others I made it known to the King how this seemed to me, but since I have desisted, seeing that he did not wish to believe or understand anything, but on the contrary that he did not like to hear Arran badly spoken of, having told me familiarly that his nature is to hold so much more dear the thing that he loves when he sees it hated and disliked by others. For the rest, that when he received the crown from his subjects he did not promise them to love whomsoever seemed good to them. He has asked me, moreover, to write to your majesty in favour and recommendation of the said Earl of Arran as affectionately as I can, to establish for him in the future a good intelligence with your majesty, wherefore I pray you very humbly to make known to the King and the said Arran, that I have acquitted myself of this commandment. Telling him this maxim— that he ought never to allow any too great lord in his kingdom over whom he cannot have control from day to day. He replied that that is why he had not wished ever to advance any earl or lord, but only simple soldiers and gentlemen like the said Arran and Colonel Stewart, whom he could always hold under when it seemed good to him, and ruin them as easily as he had made them, but that if the earls were in their places it would not be in his power to have his will of them.

Thereupon, telling me of some affronts of the Earls of Crawford, Montrose, and others on encountering him, he told me that the cause of such irreverence arose from the fact that for forty years or more they had only had for governors in this kingdom women, little children, and traitorous and avaricious regents, so that during the divisions and troubles happening in that time the nobility by an unbridled liberty had become so audacious in leaning on those who commanded them, that now it is not possible to subdue and reduce them all at once to their duty, but that little by little he would have them in good order.

He would be pleased if your majesty would write to the Earl of Eglinton, whom he considers a good man and a very faithful and affectionate servant of your majesty, in default of which, he commanded me not to fail to visit him on your part and make him your recommendations. On renewing these proposals in the company of the Earls Marishal, Atholl, and Bothwell, he said these words to me, "I am sorry that my mother has written to some that do not deserve it, some as being too silly and young, others wicked and traitors. They are scoundrels and rascals who do not deserve that the Queen my mother should honour them with her letters. I wish she had written to better men—as the said Earl of Eglinton and others similar."

Madam, according to the commandment of the King your son, I have visited the Duchess of Argyll, your bastard sister, who was extremely pleased to hear your news. I made her believe on your part many things of which the King instructed me. I like her very much, because she loves your majesty. If she had as much prudence and credit in this court as friendship in regard to you, I should promise myself a prompt and brief expedition of your affairs here. However, I have persuaded her to send you Mademoiselled' Orkenay, her niece, who seems to be very pleased, unless perhaps her honest words do not come from her heart.

Madam, I have visited on your part the little Duke of Lennox, who is a very nice child, and promises much from his good nature. I gave him a sermon as small as himself to keep him in the continuance of our religion, and in the respect and fidelity that he owes to the service of your majesty, towards whom I find him very affectionate and desirous to serve you one day, indeed with more sentiment than his age can give him. According to your majesty's commandment, I have recommended him to the King, who holds him as dear as his own child. And nevertheless I fear that the favour of Arran or Colonel Stewart may crush the fruit of friendship that the King bears him, or that they may dissuade him from doing him any kindness. Moreover, he can only have recourse to your majesty, who is his Queen and mistress, to maintain him in an encounter with the others. On this occasion instructed in my opinion by Cavaillon, he requested me to offer you his life and his good and serviceable will, in hope that God may give him grace one day to employ himself in your service and that of the King your son. Madam, his majesty had given him the abbey of Paisley after the death of the Earl of Gowrie, which at last, at the persuasion of the Earl of Arran and Colonel Stewart, the King has consented to be pledged to the citizens of Edinburgh for some money that his majesty owes them. There is only the danger that at last they will cause it to be lost to the poor little Duke, whose greatness they try to diminish by poverty. On this occasion, madam, he has commanded me to pray very humbly your majesty to write in his recommendation a letter to the King your son for the entertainment of his goods and his augmentation in giving him the said abbey of Paisley, as I have it on promise from his majesty, and also that it may please your majesty to recommend to him all the faithful friends and servants who are affectionate to him as they were to the Duke of Lennox, his father, and it may please the King to grant to the little Duke his son what he will require for them, his majesty not permitting that the other lords should oppose them, especially in what is just and reasonable, to the end that by this means the little Duke of Lennox can keep for himself in times to come the said friends and servants of his father. Moreover, that it may please your majesty to work for his friends by an alliance which could be made for the marriage of his three sisters, that is to say, the eldest with the Earl of Huntly, according to the promise and contract which is already made. The second to the eldest of Montrose; and the third with the eldest son of the Earl of Argyll, begging very humbly your majesty to speak to the King, your son, about it, and to write of it a few words to the said earls. Moreover, if the ancient customs and privileges of the Kings of Scotland are immediately renewed in France and the company of armed men may be granted, that it may please your majesty to have this granted to him by the King your son, and by the King of France, in consideration that those of the house of Lennox have always been esteemed. And although he may not be of a competent age to hold this charge, another could be named under him who could take his place during his minority. Madam, I entreat your majesty in the same way for the hope that you may have one day of the services of the said Duke of Lennox to do something towards the King, that he may not permit in any respect whatever that anyone but Cavaillon should have charge of the said Duke of Lennox, as I know that there are many lords who prosecute him, hating that he is such a firm Catholic, and such a faithful keeper for the good of his little master. I know well that they could give him a governor of a better house, more learned and clever, but not people so good, honest, and faithful to your majesties. I have sent to your majesty by way of France an open letter from Cavaillon, which makes known to your majesty the devotion that he has to do you humble and faithful service all his life, to which I should think it superfluous to add anything else. He has begged me to know whether it would please your majesty that he should use the cipher which served between the late Duke of Lennox and your majesties, which he has brought here by commandment of the Duke of Guise. He would esteem himself infinitely honoured if it would please your majesty to write to him a few words, and command him as freely as he desires to serve your faithfully. Madam, this is all that I can at present write to your majesty of what concerns your service and his. This despatch goes by way of France in the hands of Morgan. If I can find shortly a quicker way by England, I will send your majesty a duplicate of the present with knowledge of what between now and then I have advanced in your affairs. In this expectation I pray God the creator, madam, to keep you in all increasing prosperity and health. From Edinburgh 15 August 1584, according to the old reckoning.

To Nau.

My brother, the letter which follows will remain secret between you and me.

My brother, as an excuse for the bad order that I shall observe in what I add to the letters of the Queen, I will not tell you anything else except that I am not contriving alone to [ ] negotiate, to write in several respects, namely, in cipher without having a man who writes under me or who makes neat my short notes which helps me in my work, being impossible for me, making alone my charge to write so fully and in the order that I should wish.

On this occasion, to gain time, I will tell you briefly in the first place that the Duke of Guise and Seton have done me the most traitorous and wicked offices possible. Before my arrival they wrote here to their partisans to thwart me. In the letters that the Duke of Guise gave me for the King he did not mention a single word of me, nevertheless, I know that a month ago he wrote to his majesty of my coming and to my discredit. I am infinitely obliged to the bishop of Rosse for the good offices that he did me at Rouen. I beg you to bring me again before the Queen in what will be desirable, especially in the place of Chancellor. I have made Fentry and Gray believe that on account of certain pirates I was obliged to throw into the sea all the papers of my negotiation. It was not necessary to change my name as several knew me here, having seen me formerly at Paris and elsewhere. Without the hope that I had of finding you here or that you would come here shortly, as Monsieurde Mauvissière had written to me, I should not have left France for all the Kings in the world, believe me. If once before my return I can see you, or visit the Queen, I shall consider myself very happy for having undertaken this journey, not desiring greater recompense for my pains.

The King received me very well; he treated me better in effect than in appearance; he gave me much credit without many caresses. Since the day of my arrival near him he commanded that they should make me live in his house with the earls and lords, and that they should let me go everywhere, even in his room and that of the other lords. The Saturday following my arrival he commanded his equerry to bring me one of his coursers that I should follow him and accompany him hunting. Since, his majesty has sent me as a gift by his equerry a very fine and beautiful horse. By the letters of the Queen above you will see that he has promised me everything I asked him, even in what I had to discuss against the Earl of Arran, and nevertheless he made me very little private confidence, expressly, in my opinion, to remove from the lords the jealousy that they would feel, as some have already, at seeing me speak so often to his majesty. At one thing only I am astonished, he has never inquired anything of the Queen or of her health, or her treatment, her servants, her living, and eating, her recreation, or anything similar, and nevertheless I know that he loves and honours her very much in his heart. To tell you freely what I have known of him—he is, for his age, the first Prince who has ever been in this world. He has three parts of the soul in perfection. He grasps and understands quickly; he judges carefully and with reasonable discourses; he restrains himself well and for long. In his demands he is quick and piercing, and determined in his replies. Of whatever thing they dispute, whether it be religion or anything else, he believes and maintains always what seems to him most true and just, so that in several disputes on religion I have seen him take the cause for Monsieur de Fentray and defend him constantly against his adversaries, although they were of the same belief as he. He is learned in many languages, sciences, and affairs of state—I daresay more than all those of his kingdom. In short he has marvellous spirit—for the rest full of virtuous glory and good opinion of himself. Having been nourished in fear he has still this fault, that he often dare not contradict the great lords, and nevertheless he likes very much to be considered brave and to be feared. He has such a good heart that there is nothing so laborious that, for the sake of virtue, he would not wish to try and to support others therein. Having known lately that my lord Doun had been two days and two nights without sleeping, he passed three with him. But if once he saw himself surpassed in such exercises he abhors them ever after. He hates dancing and music in general, as likewise all wantonness at Court, be it in discourses of love or in curiosity of habits, not being about to see above all ear-rings. His ways for want of being well instructed are very rude and uncivil in speaking, eating, manners, games, and entertainment in the company of women. He never stops in one place, taking a singular pleasure in walking, but his gait is bad, composed of erratic steps, and he tramps about even in his room. He has a loud voice, and is very grave in his words. He likes hunting above all the pleasures of this world, remaining there at least six hours together chasing all over the place with loosened rein. He has a weak body, but is in no wise delicate. In short, to tell you in one word, he is an old young man resembling the sirens of Socrates. I have only noticed in him three things very bad for the preservation of his state and the government of the same. The first is his ignorance and lack of knowledge of his poverty and his little strength, promising too much of himself and despising other princes. The second, that he loves indiscretely and inadvisedly in spite of his subjects.

The third is that he is too lazy and too thoughtless over his affairs, too willing and devoted to his pleasure, especially hunting, leaving all his affairs to be managed by the Earl of Arran, Montrose, and the Secretary. I know well that this is excusable at his young age, but it is to be feared that continuance will confirm him in this habit.

For this purpose lately having mentioned to him some word of how it appeared to me, putting before his eyes the example of the last Kings of France, of the race of Clouis, who, although they amused themselves hunting near their castle of Santoing, would give time and means to the mayors of the palace to grind and forge the razor which shaved them into monks of St. Denis. He replied to me very secretly that he would guard well against such misfortune, because no affair of importance ever happened of which he did not know, although he did not seem to. And although he spent much of his time hunting he could do as much business in one hour as others would in a day, because simultaneously he listened and spoke, watched, and sometimes did five things at once. That nothing was done secretly by the lords that he did not know, by means of having spies at the doors of their rooms morning and evening, who came and reported everything to him. For the rest, he is a true son of his mother in many things, but principally in that he is weak in body and cannot work long at his affairs, but when he gives himself to it he does more than six others together, adding that sometimes he has wished to force and keep himself six days continually at accounts, but that immediately after he never fails to be ill.

He told me that on the whole he resembled the genets of Spain, who have only a brave course, otherwise the continuation carries them away. These are the same terms which he used.

My brother, the Earl of Arran, Gray, Fentray each set a good face on a bad matter. They are the strongest party that I have here. I pray you very humbly and affectionately that Monsieur de Lennox, Cavaillon and Colonel Stewart may know that you like me and that you have credit near the Queen. On the whole send me, if you please, promptly the letters, and ask her majesty for them. I have not been well since my arrival, being continually troubled with my kidneys and teeth on account of the continual dampness of the air of this country, which overwhelms me. If you like me and believe me it is time that I made a final retreat, offering on this order to do all that it may please you for the service of her majesty and for you, otherwise I will remain under the burden, leading a life continually miserable and unhealthy. My expenses amount to twice what they were in France, having two servants and three horses to feed without myself, besides all the extras that I am obliged to have to maintain my rank. I am staying at the house of the father of John Laudre, whom I forgot to recommend to you. He desires by your means that the Queen should obtain for him at the house of the King her son the office of valet de chambre.

I fear that the Queen of England may refuse to give the King of Scotland a passport for me to go and see the Queen, which I pray you to look to.

The bishop of Glasgow, from what I have understood here, accuses you of very bad offices, having said to some one that you were the support of the Queen, and that you fill your purse well through her. Being then in Paris Monsieurde Seton and Monsieur de Ross told me the same. I am afraid that the King of Scotland may have heard something,because he has never spoken to me of you, neither well nor badly, although before my arrival in this country he knew well that I was your brother.

Monsieur de Neubotel died this morning.

[The Master] of Gray is of very bad conscience, little secretive, unfaithful, and traitorous.

Fentray is a very good man, except for Glasgow and the Jesuits.

I do not know what to say of Monsieur de Arran for fear of lying.

Everyone hates him like the devil. And nevertheless, if I may be believed, the Queen will make use of him, for in all extremity it is a bad necessity. I have not the leisure to tell you anything more except that I kiss your hands very humbly and with all my heart. Praying God to keep you long in perfect health and to give you the accomplishment of your good intentions. Edinburgh.

7¼ pp. French. Cipher. Indorsed: "15 August 1584. Fontenay to the Q. of Scottes."

Decipher of the same.

Another copy of the same.

248. [Mr. William Davison] to Walsingham. [Aug. 16.]

By his last letter of the 8th his honour might understand how things have fallen out here, beyond all opinion. About 4 p.m. the same day Arran received the keys, and, having removed all such as he found there, put in others at his devotion. On Monday he conveyed thither bag and baggage, with his lady and household. The same afternoon, calling for the keys of the jewels and wardrobe—which were not to be had on the sudden—he broke up the chests, surveyed the jewels, and desired the keys of Sir Robert Melville, with whom, by virtue of his office of under-treasurer, they remained, telling him and the rest who were present that he did not mean to be simple captain, as others who had gone before him, but to have as well the disposition of all those things that were there, as of the piece itself, seeing he was now answerable for the one and other, as he who thinks it not enough to have the possession of the chief strength of the country. For Dumbarton, Stirling, Blackness, and Edinburgh are now at his devotion, with the whole treasure, jewels and wealth of the realm, whereof his lady and he are now become stewards. The Master of Mar, whose facility and want of resolution and courage all men exclaim of— the rather in regard of the great hatred they bear to his successor, and the unlucky fruit they "attend" by this change—went on Tuesday last (fn. 4) to the Court to open his griefs to the King and let him see his own ingratitude towards him, who from his cradle had showed so many proofs of his fidelity and tender care over him. He took with him the constable, who, avoiding only the first fury, returned immediately to this town, where he has since remained, and now is gone with the Master to offer himself for trial, in case he be charged with any such matter as his enemies, to "blear" the King's eyes and to obtain their purpose of this house, accused him and others of. But what reception they have had, he does not yet hear.

To comfort the Master, who has taken this disgrace very hardly at the King's hands, and now "forethinks himself" when it is too late, they have offered him the lordship of Erskine, which is his nephew's, though he rather desired to have his own lands freed of the debts wherewith they are entangled. But his success in either is yet doubtful. Arran at his coming from Court brought over George Drummond with him, but the Provost of Lincluden [Glanclowden] remains yet at Falkland, neither the one nor the other being further pressed in examination since he obtained his purpose.

The morning he [Arran] departed towards the Borders, which was on Tuesday, he came to him and with plenty of words, discoursed to him his affection to do good offices, protesting the fault should be theirs [the English] if such things do not succeed well. Told him he need not put that doubt, considering the many proofs her majesty had given of her disposition to peace and quiet at home and with her neighbours, and assured him rather that the want, if any happened, should grow from hence. He appeared to suspect some motion of the lords in England, and thought there could be no sound friendship contracted so long as her majesty inclined her favour towards those whom, as he said, his master had so great cause to hate. But because he [Davison] was not acquainted with the particular dealings between him and Lord Hunsdon, told him he could say little therein, but that he thought her majesty would propound nothing that might not very well stand with her honour and the King his master's weal.

He was accompanied to the Borders by the Earls of Rothes and Bothwell, the Secretary, the Justice Clerk, and divers barons of Fife, Lothian, Linlithgowshire, etc., besides the officers on the Borders and others of his own friends, in all above 4000, because a less number might neither beseem his greatness nor stand with his surety. Amongst these there was not one joined with him in commission, or privy, as they pretended, to his charge, other than in generality, because his nature can brook no fellowship. But what effect this meeting has taken, his honour shall best understand from Lord Hunsdon.

On his [Arran's] return home yesterday afternoon he was welcomed with cannon shot out of the Castle, a ceremony seldom or never used but in parliament time towards the King himself. His lady, who remained Captain in his absence, has been diligent in giving directions for the making of new carriages for the ordnance, and supplying other necessaries belonging to their new gained strength, where they think to build themselves a sure nest against the justice of God and malice of men. It is thought he will procure the King to write to Argyll to resign up to him the title of Chancellor—whereof he already usurps the authority pleno jure—to the end there be nothing wanting to his greatness; whose immoderate and ambitious thoughts, in the judgment of some very wise men, aspire to other things than the world yet dreams of. His lady and he penes quos est summa rerum have enrolled above sixty persons of note to be forfeited in this Parliament—appointed to hold on the 20th instant—amongst whom are the two Countesses of Mar—albeit some think the elder, rather for shame than affection, shall be spared—the Countess of Cassillis, wife to Lord John Hamilton, the Lady Hume, wife to the Master of Glamis, "and other to whose dowries my Ladie of Arrane meaneth to be collectorese," having as many others in store against the next session of Parliament, which shall be purposely continued for their advantage. On their last being at Court, she, not contenting herself to be of the Cabinet Council whilst this pretended conspiracy and practice for the Castle was in hand, took upon her to sit amongst them in public council as moderator of the assembly, with as much discredit to the place as note of her own impudency, who esteem lawful whatsoever is lawful to her. But they feed themselves here with this comfort that "quicquid excessit modum pendet instabili loco."

They had general muster throughout the whole country on Monday last, which they call their "weaponshew day." On Thursday proclamation was made that all ministers should give up their rentals of their benefices into the exchequer, to the end that none hereafter receive any profit of their livings but such only as shall submit themselves and subscribe to the new framed policy. Mr. Andrew Hay, who, with divers others, has absolutely refused it, is commanded to depart the country within twenty days, with special inhibition not to repair to England or Ireland—whose air they hold as contagious. And for the same cause the university of Glasgow is, by the bishop's diligence, made utterly vacant, the college doors locked up, the students dismissed, and the regents and masters committed. The like curtesy is exercised towards those of St. Andrews and Aberdeen, as if these bishops thought their glory and surety to stand in bringing in ignorance and confusion into the schools, and, by the same degrees, corruption and atheism into the Church, wherein their labour has too great appearance of effect if this course be long continued.

The bishop of St. Andrews has addressed one Mr. Archibald Harbishonne to England as well to call home some of his countrymen of his own humour to occupy the rooms of honest men, as for some other purposes with the French ambassador. The man is determined to land at Lynn, and may very well be forstalled.

The King is to be here about Tuesday next; where the watching and warding continues still, and a new order is taken by commandment of the new castellan that no man stir out of his doors after the knelling of a bell at 10 p.m. upon great penalty. Little countenance be outwardly given hereto, or reckoning made of Fonteny, the French negotiator, whose business seems to be laid in the dock till they see what fruit this solemn meeting will bring forth. He is, notwithstanding, very diligent to solicit all such as he thinks may do aught, and has had oft and longe discourse with Arran and his lady, the secret whereof Lord Hunsdon is, he thinks, ere this time acquainted with from himself. The bruit his honour had out of France touching Lords Claud and John Hamilton, he [Davison] sees little to confirm. The King of Scots, he knows, has some favourable opinion of Lord John Hamilton, but the contrary of the other. The reason, he adds, is because he has given up kindness, as he terms it, with the Queen of Scots. Takes the scope of that bruit to be a stratagem to make them suspect the English and those they are to be reconciled with, and to have his "original" from the Queen of Scots or her friends, who fear the success of such a conjunction if it goes forward with the favour of the Queen of England; whereof here have been great bruits, "but suspect to my selfe," because he hears nothing thereof from his honour.

Here is news out of France that there is a "companion" to Rome calling himself the King's base brother, carrying a commission under the great seal of Scotland and the subscriptions of divers of the nobility importing the King's revolt to the Catholic religion, and desiring support of money from the Pope. This man is detected to be another Perkin Warbeck set out to deface the King of Scots. There is little appearance that the bishops here can long brook their new empire with quiet, either in respect of the cause or the persons, which are generally condemned. There was an alarm given to the bishop at St. Andrews last week by certain of the students remaining there, and others to the number of twenty or thirty persons, every man with his harquebus, who bestowed the most part of the night in shooting against the windows of the castle, where the bishop lay, and of his house in the town, leaving behind them a testimony of their good meaning towards him. On the morrow, the bishop, thinking to have gotten the trial of this fact, caused a few students of the college who remained to be convened in the public schools, making very diligent inquisition of the former night's disorder, but found nothing save that such as were suspected and examined, though they denied their presence, confessed they wished the bishop "so well as it was not slender a revenge as that could satisfie them for the publique hurt he had done," and willed him to remember how fatal that see had been to his predecessors, and to look for no better issue.

This last week the bishop of Glasgow, his excommunicated brother, accompanied with Lord Sempill and the Masters of Eglinton and Seton, and 80 horse, coming to Air, were met upon the bridge by a number of lads, boys and women, who followed him to his lodging with outcries of "atheist dogge, schismatique and excommunicat beast onworthy to breath or beare life, much lesse to be sene in companie of Christians," and were hardly withheld from stoning him out of the town. After he had dined he went, notwithstanding, to the church, where he broke open the doors, the keys being refused him; and having sent for the magistrates, they refused to come to him, but sent him privately an admonition in writing, which, being laid on the desk of the pulpit before him while he was at his prayers, troubled his patience when he perused, the persons who laid it there retiring without note. This kind entreaty made him shorten his invective sermon, and departing the town the same night, he went to Irwin. Edinburgh.

Postscript.—There are certain lasts of cannon and other shot come out of Sweden, which are conveyed up to the Castle. Hears they came from Sir Andrew Keith.

3¾ pp. Copy. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 113.

Original of the same.

249. Hunsdon to Mr. William Davison. [Aug. 17.]

Partly dealt with the Earl of Arran at their meeting touching the Scottish noblemen here in England. Who made a long discourse to him at the raid at Ruthven and at Stirling, and avowed constantly to him that they are privy to this last conspiracy, which he has promised him he shall see apparently. Told him it would be necessary for him so to do, or else it would be thought to be but a practice of himself and others their enemies to make them the more odious to the King, especially at this time. He assured him the contrary should well appear, yet he confessed to him that he had good cause to be their enemy, for they sought his life, and told him plainly that if her majesty should seek now to deal for them—especially for Angus—it might be some hindrance to the causes now in hand.

Received letters yesterday from the earls and the Master of Glamis, who affirm constantly that they never were privy to, or understood anything of the matter. The Master of Glamis offers that if it may be tried by him or any about him, he will either enter them or himself to abide the law to the uttermost. Will advertise the Earl of Arran of this, and pray him that he may understand certainly how far they are to be charged therewith. Touching the matters the Earl of Arran and he dealt in, hopes they shall take better effect than a great many in England and Scotland look for. Received this morning a packet which he sends him herewith. Berwick. Signed: H. Hunsdon.

²/3 p. Addressed. Indorsed.

250. [Mr. William Davison] to Walsingham. [Aug. 17.]

Yesternight, after the closing of the other letters, the Master of Mar returned from the Court, where he has been fed with many good words, the King labouring to remove his discontentment and to cover his own fault, bearing him in hand that he sent no charge for his delivery of the piece; but by Arran's importunity yielded thus far, that he should treat with him for goodwill, and found great fault that the matter was so violently and hardly handled. The recompense he has gotten is the countenance of the allowance he had for the castle—which is about 50 chaulders of victuals and 2200 marks Scottish by the year—for his own private use till the King may take other order for him.

The Colonel [William Stewart] at the Master's being there pretended to be sorry that he had been thus hardly dealt withal, complaining greatly of the proceeding of his competitors, and wondering what he aimed at. But his discontentment was the greater that the prey was taken out of his own hand, who had a great while aspired to it. It is certain there is a great heart burning betwixt him and Arran, who has done him many disgraces underhand, and labours to keep him under both in calling and in the King's opinion, that he may carry away the whole sway himself. The next day after the castle was yielded up there came letters from Argyll assuring his concurrence and goodwill to see things redressed; who determined to send hither "e d t b m i o" this parliament, instructed with his own mind and to sound the affections of his other friends.

It is here in the mouths of all men, and confirmed by one Abercromby newly come from Paris, as a bruit constant there, that this meeting tended to a marriage betwixt the King of Scots and Mistress Frances Howard, which, if it be true, was matter enough to occupy Folden Kirk for one day, and, as he hears, "it may be eyther that or what els pleased then," for aught the company can tell. For the Earl of Rothes, Lord Fleming, the Secretary, and others of the Council who accompanied Arran thither kept scout watch in the open churchyard whilst they two were together—a thing much noted and stomached.

The two Englishmen who have [been] this while past entertained in the north by Huntly were brought by Robert Collingwood to the Colonel's [Stewart] lodgings late in the evening during his last being here; but of their traffic together, he can learn no particular. On their going through Cupar they met with Fonteny, with whom they had long discourse, and they are now at Seton.

Has had no speech with Arran since his return, neither has he been hasty to send to him, because he would not seem curious in his dealing with Lord Hunsdon. Requests to be revoked, because he sees no great use of his stay here, where he is still observed notwithstanding all the fair weather. Hopes he will return his man. Edinburgh.

Postscript.—The ministers licensed to depart the country are this day by public proclamation inhibited without further order from his majesty, but to what end or whereupon this stay grows is yet in question. As he was going to make up his packet the Earl of Arran came to visit him, and discovered to him generally what had passed between him and Lord Hunsdon. He stayed with him almost three hours, passing from one purpose to another, but of the secret, if any be, he opened nothing to him. He pretended to be very well satisfied with Lord Hunsdon, whom he greatly commends. He complained of the West March, which, he said, made a raid into Scotland and took divers prisoners whilst they were at this meeting, with many other things which were long to write and not greatly necessary. Requests him to use his letter with care.

1½ pp. Copy. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 115.

Original of the same.

251. [Mr. William Davison] to Burghley. [Aug. 18.]

By his last [letter] to Mr. Secretary his lordship might understand of the sudden and unexpected delivery up of this castle, and what has fallen out since he may perceive by the copy of his general letter to his honour, which he incloses herewith. The Master of Mar is since returned from the Court, where he has been fed with plenty of good words, the King labouring to remove his discontentment and to cover his own fault with Arran's importunity, bearing him, notwithstanding, in hand that he gave no charge against him, but only yielded that Arran should treat with him for his goodwill, and finds great fault the matter was so violently and hardly handled. The recompense he has yet gotten is the continuance of the allowances he had for the Castle, which is about 50 chalders of victuals and 1200 marks Scottish by the year for his own private use till the King may take other order for him. Colonel Stewart pretended to be sorry that he had been thus hardly dealt with, but his discontentment was the greater that the prey escaped his own talons. There is great heartburning between him and Arran. It is in the mouths of all men here that this meeting tended to a marriage betwixt the King of Scots and the fair gentlewoman he advertised him of. The company that attended on Arran thither pretend to be utterly ignorant of any particulars. The Englishmen who have been entertained with Huntly have arrived in these parts.

The late bruited conspiracy, for aught he can hear, is ended with the possession of the Castle, for Drummond, who was noted the discoverer thereof, waited on Arran to the Border.

Is assured by men of great credit that Arran is fed—by the wisdom of his wife and others her like, whereof her country of Atholl affords many—with an expectation of greater things than he has yet attained to, which makes him push on his fortune as he does, though all men think and hope it will be rather such an advancement as Walter, Earl of Atholl, obtained in the days of James I.

Here is yet little appearance of any sudden change, though desired of all men. But when the storm rises here it is very sudden, violent, and hard to avoid. For himself he would not be a persuader of her majesty to hazard much amidst so many uncertainties; for, though she gives but the looking on, things cannot last long in the terms they are. The Earl of Arran pretends great liking of Lord Hunsdon, but blames Lord Scrope as one who does not favour the present Court. During his being at the Border there was, as he says, a raid made by the English West March. The ministers licensed to depart are now stayed. Edinburgh.

Postscript.—Finds by some of Arran's friends and by some part of his own discourse that he looks that her majesty should buy his kindness. But, to speak truly, he knows not what it may avail her, other than a loss of the hearts of all the rest.

1½ pp. Copy. Indorsed. Postscript in Davison's hand.

252. [Mr. William Davison] to Hunsdon. [Aug. 18.] (fn. 5)

Received his letter this morning by this bearer, with a packet from Mr. Secretary. Finds by his [Hunsdon's] that the Earl of Arran has, amongst other things, at this meeting "agreved" to him the fault of the lords in England, whom, besides former attempts, he charges with a late conspiracy, and promises to give a plain detection thereof. Confesses, albeit he has been curious to know the ground and circumstances of that pretended enterprise, yet he in truth understands nothing but what the Earl of Arran has told him, and therefore has been slow to write anything thereof to him, unless he saw some particulars that might probably induce the confirmation.

The Constable of the Castle, whom they especially suspect, has been with the King and offered himself to abide any equal trial: from whom he has been favourably dismissed, which gives some argument for the innocency of himself and the rest. Besides, he does not hear any constant report either of the persons or the form, or other circumstances which must necessarily concur and be considered in such attempts, whereof here is now very little speech.

The Earl of Arran was with him yesternight and discoursed generally to him of his meeting with him, pretending to be greatly satisfied with him, of whom he speaks all the good that may be. Hopes this beginning shall break the ice and make a good way to the reparation of the unkindnesses which these few late years have contracted between her majesty and this King, who, if he be not mistaken, may be yet made hers. What he may do here to set forward so good a purpose, he would be loth to fail in. Incloses a packet for Mr. Secretary. Edinburgh.

1 p. Copy. Indorsed.

253. [Elizabeth] to Hunsdon. [Aug.]

Since her former letter to him in the behalf of the distressed noblemen of Scotland came too late to his hands to procure them that relief that she desired—the cause whereof proceeded partly by reason of the sudden holding of the parliament and the forfeiting of them in the same ere she could scarcely be advertised of his meeting and conference with the Earl of Arran, and partly also for that she conceived the guilt of the new imputation laid on them would make them incapable of the benefit of her mediation for them; wherein she has just cause to think that there has been double wrong offered to her; first, by the devising of such indirect means to stay her request and intercessions for them; and next, in the slander that her realm sustains by harbouring those who should attempt so disloyal and wicked an enterprise against their natural Prince and country— yet being still moved with compassion for their hard and lamentable case, and weighing what dangerous consequences may fall out for the King to drive so many his subjects of that quality, birth and alliance as they are to so great extremity and desperation as the hard hand that is held over them may cast them into, she would have him deal very earnestly and effectually with the King in her name to take a more mild and temperate course with his subjects, by suffering them at least to enjoy the benefit of their lands and livings, though not in their own country, putting him in mind of the peril and danger that he may otherwise cast himself into. The better to draw his assent hereto, is to assure him that she will undertake for them that they shall during their abode in her dominions carry themselves in that loyal and dutiful sort towards him that becomes them. If he shall refuse, then he is to let him understand that she will thereby have just cause to conceive that his outward protestations of amity and friendly meaning towards her and his inward disposition do not agree when the effects do not confirm the same in a matter tending so much to her satisfaction with regard also to his own honour and safety. For it has been found by common experience that in all cases the greatest monarchs, yielding to necessity to prevent greater inconveniences, have been content to receive their subjects estranged for a time from them to their wonted grace and favour; examples whereof are confirmed in the course of government of his own mother and the French King's, who in cases of far greater consequence, their subjects coming armed into the field, etc., have, notwithstanding, yielded rather to wink at such undutiful demeanour as they conceived to have been used towards them, than stand to the hazard of the loss of their estate, which otherwise they might have put themselves into, whereas the case of these his subjects concerns but private quarrels between them and others of his nobility, which had their beginning in the time of his minority, without any purpose or intent in them to attempt aught against his own State or person. And for that she supposes he shall make choice of the Earl of Arran as the aptest instrument to prefer her mediation to the King, she thinks meet he should also let the said earl understand that if he looks well to his own state and consider the matter indifferently and without passion, he shall then find that he shall not reap the least part of the benefit that may grow by the re-uniting of the nobility in good friendship under the King's obedience, if he shall employ himself to do good offices therein; which she will accept at his hands in some part of amends of the wrong that before was done to her by charging the said noblemen with a slanderous imputation, thereby to make them more odious to the world and to stay her from using her mediation for their relief.

4⅓ pp. Draft. Indorsed.

254. Bishop of Ross to Mary. [Aug. 18.] C.P., vol. XIII.

May it please your majesty to understand that I have deferred for a long time writing to you, for fear that my letters might bring you some jealousy or suspicion from the others, being content to give time to my spiritual functions that I exercise in this country, praying God daily for the health of your majesty and to console you in your affliction, as also to preserve my lord the King, your son, the virtues and good inclination of whom give to us, all your very humble subjects, great hope.

Now necessity constrains me to show your majesty the hard treatment that I receive from your treasurer, Monsieur de Channes, who, since the Feast of St. John the Baptist last, my having been twice sent as a messenger from this town to Paris, refused to pay me my provision that it has pleased your majesty to order for me, saying for his reasons that he has not any estate or commandment to pay me.

Wherefore I beg very humbly your majesty—seeing that I have no other means to keep myself in this exile—to send an order or express commandment to the said treasurer to pay me every year at the usual terms, without waiting for estate or commandment, and that it may please you to send it to me to present to him. Which would be the occasion that I could better be at leisure to pray God for your deliverance, and to reserve me to do very humble service for your majesty, whatever it may please you to command me. Hoping shortly to have a reply from your majesty I beg the Creator, madam, to keep you in His holy grace. Rouen. Signed: Jehan Evesque de Rosse.

1 p. French. Addressed. Indorsed.

255. Bishop of Ross to Monsieur de Mauvissière. [Aug. 18.] C.P., vol. XIII.

Monsieur, this present is to beg you will do me so great a favour as to forward a certain letter that I send, to the Queen my mistress, forasmuch as the said letter is very important to me privately, as you will see by the same, as for this purpose I have not shut it up or closed it, begging you again to do me this courtesy and friendship to take care of the said letter that it may be safely and faithfully carried and presented to the majesty of my said Lady and mistress, and that by your good means I can have a reply thereto shortly. Doing which you will oblige me more and more to do you very humble service in whatever respect it may please you to employ me, and to pray God, monsieur, to give you very perfect health and long and happy life. Rouen. Signed: Jehan Evesque de Rosse.

In Mauvissière's hand.—Monsieur Nau will send me if it pleases him the reply that it will please the Queen to make to the Bishop of Ross, who prays me to send him a servant.

¾ p. French. Addressed. Indorsed.

256. Hunsdon to [Walsingham]. [Aug. 19.] Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 116.

I received your letter of the 14th on the morning of the 18th, and presently despatched Cuthbert Armerour to the Earl of Arran with such matters as were contained in your other note, whereof I had dealt with him before, according to a former note sent to me from you. Whose answer at our meeting was as I have written to you. And now I have written to him that her majesty being certainly advertised that the arrival of those Scottish men in Ireland is very true, and therefore it cannot be without the King's privity, which he cannot be ignorant of, has therefore required him, that, as he has seemed and protested to deal plainly with me in all things, I may understand from him the truth and certainty of this matter. For if the King be not privy to it, then are the Earl of Argyll and Mackintosh to be sent for by the King to answer how they dare send any man to Ireland to disquiet her majesty's estate there without the King's commandment or privity; for those Scottish men must needs go from thence. And the same Mackintosh is a very loose fellow and has done the like before, though not in great numbers, and therefore the liker to be his doing now. For I think the Earl of Argyll will not do anything to offend her majesty—at least he has professed so heretofore.

I have also written to the Earl to require him to look well into this late conspiracy, that the distressed Earls and others may not be slandered nor their faults aggravated without just cause, and that it touches him greatly in honour. For if they be guiltless, as I can see no likelihood to the contrary, the world must needs condemn him of doing it out of malice, to make them the more odious to the King if the Queen's majesty my sovereign should any way deal for them. And therefore [I] have required him, according to his promise, that he will set me down directly how far and in what sort they or any of them are to be touched therein, and by whom: the rather because I had, the day before, received letters from the Earls and the Master of Glamis. And for that the Master of Glamis wrote to me at more length than the other, I sent a copy of his letter to the Earl; wherein he writes that if he may be justly charged to be knowing or consenting to any such matter, he is contented, although he is a stranger in this realm, to abide the uttermost of the laws of this realm notwithstanding; and that if any of his here in England be either privy to, or have dealt in that matter, he promises me on his honour to send him hither to me to be delivered into Scotland to be tried there. And whereas it has been given out that his hand should be "at a blancke," if that be true he will enter himself into Scotland. And if any friend of his in Scotland may be justly touched herein, he wishes he may "have the law." He makes discourse also in his letter what enmity there is, and has been, between him and the Earl of Crawford, and therefore [it is] not likely that he would put himself so far into his enemy's hands, although there had been a reconciliation between them before. And for the conspirators within the Castle [of Edinburgh], his acquaintance with them was so little that he never had any dealing with any of them.

I pray you let me know her majesty's pleasure whether I shall send Robin Carey to the King or not, for he seems very desirious to have him come to him; and it may be that his being there may do some good in this matter. Berwick. Signed: H. Hunsdon.

Postscript.—The Earl has written to me to pray me to make haste for the passport I wrote to you of for the Master of Gray, who is ready to come away as soon as I shall advertise the Earl thereof.

1²/3 pp. Postscript in Hunsdon's hand.

No flyleaf or address.

257. [Walsingham] to Mr. William Davison. [Aug. 20.]

Incloses an extract of the conference that has passed between Lord Hunsdon and Arran, whereby he may perceive that there is new matter of a pretended conspiracy laid to the charge of the lords and the rest of their party, which, though her majesty conceives to be but a cunning device to frustrate her request for their relief, yet she would be glad to understand upon what ground this information arises. In this she desires to be plainly dealt with, to the end that, if the accusation shall appear [to be] untrue, she may then by her ministers press the more earnestly her request for their relief, and state the wrong that is done to her in that such excuses are devised to delay satisfying of her reasonable desire.

Touching their desire to repair to Berwick and other places nearer the Borders, her majesty conceives that now, when new accusations are laid to their charge, their repair to those parts will serve them to small purpose, but rather irritate the King's mind and such as are their enemies so much the more against them; in respect whereof she could wish they deferred the same for the present. So careful is she of their well-doing, and so desirous to satisfy them in their reasonable request, that if she may know that [they have] cause, notwithstanding, to repair to those parts, she will presently give order for licensing them so to do.

1 p. Copy. Indorsed.

258. [Burghley] to Hunsdon. [Aug. 20.]

The Queen's majesty called me to her even now when she was ready to take horse, and told me that Mr. Secretary had showed her all your last letters and writings containing your negotiation with the Earl of Arran—all of which, I thank your lordship, I also understood by your own [letters] to me—and she could perceive no such ground of matter worth your meeting with the earl whereupon to build any certainty with the Scottish King or to give faith to Arran. For she says that his answers to most part of your articles of charge are either so general that they contain no certainty, or are so manifestly untrue in divers points that either she has cause to think that Arran cares not what he says to serve his purpose, or else is made more ignorant of the King's actions than he would seem to be, and so is abused himself, or that he is appointed to abuse her majesty.

In the third article, her majesty being so well assured of the receipt of Jesuits and harbouring of them in that realm, and of their resort to the King, thinks that the earl's answer, so peremptorily denying the same, cannot but be an abuse to her. But, for the fourth, concerning the association with the Queen mother, her majesty takes his answer also to be without credit, specially in that he affirms that it is not intended. And to the fifth, her majesty says that the Queen of Scots herself could not deny to Mr. Beale but that there were means used both to her and her son to trouble her majesty; but she said she was not bound to tell the names of them.

Lastly, her majesty willed me to put you in remembrance of the former earnest writings to your lordship many times how her majesty should be certified of a number of matters meet and necessary for her to know. But, as she says, for anything that now passed betwixt your lordship and Arran, there is no manner of thing passed from him to her satisfaction, but in generality of words of kindness and goodwill; so that her majesty is in more doubt of their good meaning than she was before, without that hereafter your lordship may attain to more particularities to make her majesty better assured of the King's firm intention of good amity with her majesty.

And now for the coming hither of the Master of Gray to her majesty with offer to discover to her majesty matters of importance, her majesty doubts greatly of his good meaning, being, as is certainly known, a professed servitor to the Scottish Queen, and, by common report, either a great Papist or worse. But she is content to make proof of him, and wills that your lordship shall let him know that her majesty is so content, so that he will deal plainly with her; and in so doing he shall find her majesty to have regard for him. And if he shall assent hereto, then she would have you to make choice of some trusty and discreet person to come with him—such one as Mr. Arrington. But she says, when the Duke of Lennox was conducted hither the parties did not well use themselves, for he was suffered to have intelligence on the way at his will, whereof she would have better regard had if this gentleman shall now come hither.

1²/3 pp. Copy in the hand of (Burghley's clerk). Indorsed.

259. Angus, Mar, and the Master of Glamis to Leicester. [Aug. 20.] Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 127.

"Please your lordship, what extremitie our goode cause is cast into be this laite mediatione, and howe injustlie wee are sclaundered Mr. Colvile can enforme your lordship thereof, and of all other materes concerninge us, to whose sufficiencie wee committ the same. Earnestlie desyringe your honoure truste him. Surelie the ingyne of man colde not have invented a greater distructione for us and our saide cause, except wee had loste our lives. For remedie whereof wee are to sollicite her majestie in some heades wherein wee have desyred the said Mr. Colvile to followe preciselie your lordship's advice as the chiefe worldlie comforte and assuraunce wee have next her majestie." Newcastle Signed: Angus. Mar. Tho. Mr. Glammis.

⅓ p. Addressed. Indorsed. Wafer signet.

260. Persons Forfeited, etc., in the Parliament of Scotland. [Aug. [20.]] Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 117.

Archibald, Earl of Angus.

John, Earl of Mar.

Dame Agnes Drummond, Countess of Mar, younger, etc.

3 pp. Copy. Printed, "Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland," vol. iii. p. 336, etc.

261. Walsingham to Mr. William Davison. [Aug. 21.]

Incloses a copy of Lord Hunsdon's last letter, by which he may see the course of proceeding between Arran and him. Her majesty does not rest well satisfied withal. She finds it convenient to continue him there till the end of the next parliament, and, besides, conceives that if he should now depart thence at this time of their discovering of this new practice that they charge the lords with, it would minister to them some occasion of suspicion that he was a party in the said practice, and therefore made haste to shift himself away when he saw that the same could not be brought to pass. But when the parliament is ended she means then to license him to return, as a thing proceeding upon his own suit. Barn Elms. Signed: Fra. Walsyngham.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed.

262. Walsingham to Mr. William Davison. [Aug. 22.]

Understands that one James M'Connell [M'Onell] a principal leader of the Irish Scots, who depends altogether upon Arran, was at the Court of Scotland in January last, when the plot was laid for the attempt of Ireland—though Arran, as he may perceive by the inclosed copy of Lord Hunsdon's letter, seems to take no knowledge of the landing of any Scots in Ireland—and that at the time of William Nugent's being there, he had commission and money delivered to him to proceed in the enterprise. Therefore prays him to use all the means and diligence he can to discover the truth of this matter, for it greatly imports her majesty to know the same. London. Signed: Fra. Walsyngham.

Postscript.—It shall be a charge well bestowed to send some well chosen person on purpose to these parts to discover by virtue of what commission or authority the said numbers were sent over to Ireland, how many they were, in what sort appointed, and what further preparations are made there.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

263. [Walsingham] to Hunsdon. [Aug. 23.]

Sends herewith the safe-conduct for the Master of Gray, which could be despatched no sooner by reason of her majesty's departure from Oatlands "towardes a litle progresse." It appears by credible advertisements that this matter of Ireland was contrived in January last in Scotland, and that James M'Connell, a principal leader of the Irish Scots, who depends altogether on Arran, was then at the Court. Which practice was now revived and partly put into execution upon William Nugent's repair into that realm; for which purpose M'Connell received commission and some supply of money, howsoever they otherwise plead ignorance and seem to take no knowledge of the matter.

Touching the new pretended conspiracy that his lordship has before written to him of is laid to the charge of these distressed noblemen in England, they from their hearts protest their innocency therein and refuse no indifferent trial to clear themselves of the same, nor any punishment if it may be proved against them; and therefore it is a very hard and strange course that the Earl of Arran should suffer himself to be made an instrument of such slanderous imputations, and seek to deface and make the noblemen odious to the Queen of England and to all the world, thereby to thrust himself into the charge of Edinburgh Castle and to frustrate her majesty's reasonable request for their relief. She herself being touched in honour cannot in reason look for any sincere dealing at his hands, who shall devise such false and malicious plots. As one who loves and honours his lordship he cannot but wish that he may receive better measure at his hands than he fears he shall, and that all these goodly outward shows and vehement protestations of friendship and sound meaning will fall out to be but a device to win time to serve their own turn.

1 p. Copy. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 124 b.

Another copy of the same. Dated 24th August.

264. [Mr. William Davison] to Walsingham. [Aug. 24.]

Immediately after the despatch of his last [letters], of the 16th and 17th instant, received his of the 13th, and the next day others of the 14th, together with an abstract of a letter from the Lord Deputy and Council of Ireland touching landing of 2000 or 3000 Scots in that country and appearance of some combination between them and others, both Irish and Spanish, for the troubling of the peace of that realm with the privity and consent of the King of Scots. Wherein he has done the best he can to discover the truth by such of the Earl of Argyll's friends as are in this town and best acquainted with the doings in those parts, and, amongst the rest, by his wife, who arrived here on Tuesday night last, and others; by whom he can only learn that Lauchlane Macclane of Duart and 800 of his fellows are passed to Ireland with the last O'Neill's son, born of Maclane's father's sister, to put him in possession of some part of his father's living by strong hand if the present O'Neill may not otherwise be brought to reason; and upon whose refusal, as it is reported, they have entered into this country and committed some spoil on him; but advertisement is since come to the Earl of Argyll that they are entered into some terms of agreement, the particulars whereof are yet unknown. The rest of the forces gathered about the same time in the Isles are bent, as they assure him, against M'Cloyd [M'Gloyde] of the Lewis, who having intended not only to disinherit his eldest son Torchell M'Cloyd of the Lewis, and to prefer the children of his last wife, also banished, and at divers times sought the slaughter of him and of his nephew John M'Cloyd, both of whom are the Earl of Argyll's dependers. The said earl has been moved in their favour to send the Knight of Cawlder, his lieutenant, with the assistance of M'Kenny and others of his friends to assail him in his country of the Lewis and to bring him to reason. These, as he is diversely informed, are the true causes of the late "motions" in the Isles, and that other attempt there is not.

As touching Nugent he can discover no other thing, but that he and his companion were recommended to the King [of Scots] by letters from the Duke of Guise. Those letters he delivered in the garden at Falkland, and afterward had speech with his highness in his chamber. He was afterwards committed to the Master of Gray, who conveyed him and his company to his father's house, where he was entertained till a few days before his departure. His company remains yet here, and since one Morris Desmond, brother's son to the late Earl [of Desmond], arrived at the Isle of Arran, and lately came hither, where he has had conference with the Earl of Arran, who, he thinks, has signified the substance and occasion thereof to Lord Hunsdon. Edinburgh.

Postscript.—It is confessed to him in Court, and not denied by the King, that Nugent made some overture to him for the troubling of the estate of Ireland, offering him a party there. But he denies having consented to anything to her majesty's prejudice.

1⅓ pp. Copy. Indorsed. Postscript in Davison's hand.

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 120.

Original of the same.

265. [Mr. William Davison] to Walsingham. [Aug. 24.]

Presses for his revocation. Doubts not that he is by this time acquainted with the huge promises and offers on this side recommended by Lord Hunsdon, who is grown into a great opinion of his new acquaintance, and reports great things in his praise upon this little experience. What the ground and scope of all this traffic is, he can learn nothing from themselves, who do not desire his acquaintance, though he hears by other means that it is a continuance of that motion he gave him knowledge of a good while since. Hears that "Cuddy" [Armorer] on his last coming thither brought the King very fair wrought shirts, pillowberes, coifs, and other furniture; but from whom, his honour can best judge. Finds the King very desirous of Lord Hunsdon's coming forward. Assures him it is "affected" by few others, and he sees not what may grow of it but hurt to the cause of religion, discomfort to her majesty's friends, and a furtherance and establishment of their credit who seek to build their nest in the ruin of the Church and common weal. Could be much more particular herein with him, but hopes to be at home shortly and to acquaint him at full length with some things. Edinburgh.

¾ p. Copy. Indorsed.

266. [Mr. William Davison] to Walsingham. [Aug. 24.]

The next day after his last despatch, which was Wednesday, his majesty came to this town and has lodged since in the Provost's house. He did not mean to tarry longer than this day. On Thursday the Lords of the Articles began to sit, keeping the form of their last parliament in swearing them at their entry not to reveal anything till the Acts—which were before penned and resolved on by the direction and counsel of Arran and his lady, who bear the sway in all these proceedings—should be publicly read in parliament, where no one Act was reasoned or voted, but concluded and passed pleno jure to the general offence and mislike of all men.

The old Countess of Mar and Lady Hume—the latter at the suit of the Master of Gray—are continued till the next Session, which is appointed [for] Sept. 22nd; but the rest of the poor ladies [are] presently forfeited without respect or favour.

The poor Countess of Gowry, who, since her husband's death, is wasted with grief and affliction, met the King in a litter beyond the water on his coming hitherward, and falling down before him to move his pity and compassion towards herself and her poor innocent children, hardly obtained the hearing of the King, who departed and gave her no answer. And with what inhumanity she has been used since her coming to this town by such as have been instruments of all her woe and calamity, he takes shame to write. The same day she first compeared she moved the most part of her judges to tears, but finding no grace, the next day, being the last of the parliament, she returned to the place, purposing to tarry his majesty's coming, but commandment being sent by the Constable in his highness's name for her removing out of the house, the poor lady, seeing no other remedy, was compelled to obey it. Being led forth into the open street she there awaited his highness passing by on foot, where, falling on her knees and beseeching his majesty's compassion, Arran, going betwixt her and the King, led him hastily by her, and she reaching at his cloak to stay his majesty, Arran putting her from him not only overthrew her—which was easy to do in respect of the poor lady's weakness, but marched over her. Who, partly with extreme grief and partly with weakness, swooned in the open street, and was fain to be conveyed into one of the next houses, where with much ado they recovered life for her. Even their most affectionate friends utterly condemn and cry shame of this inhumanity.

Amongst others appointed to be forfeited in this parliament was the Laird of Gatheland in Galloway, for that his servants in his absence lent a horse or two to the Earl of Mar, being on his journey out of Ireland towards Stirling; but having paid to the Treasurer [Lord Ruthven] 1000l. Scots for his composition and given caution for 3000l. more, which is to be answered to the Master of Mar, bestowed on him by the King for his relief, he has obtained his pardon, though with much difficulty, because that booty fell into the hands of "my Lady my Commere" [Countess of Arran], who made her full account thereof.

One Hamilton, goodman of the Hagges, being likewise summoned and to be forfeited at this time for a cause of like importance, has made his composition with her for 3000l. Scottish, and procured his exemption out of the sentence. The rest who are continued to the next parliament are purposely spared as well in hope of like composition, be they never so innocent, as for that they had no sufficient proof against them at the time. She has also at this Session, for 5000 marks Scottish, procured the restoring of the old bishop of Dunkeld, an excommunicated and professed Papist, and removed the other, the special "intrest" of the Earl of Argyll, who had from him the most part of the living of that bishopric in lease, "of all which they take no shame to profese an open port sale, no one day passinge over ther hedes without suckinge eyther land or monie from some one or other to take them under ther protection, which for gaine they spare not be the cause right or wronge." The rest of those who are either "continued" or summoned against the next Session to be holden in September look for no justice but such as shall be measured out by the ell of my Lady Arran's conscience and good nature, who is like there to carry no less stroke than at this time, because the King, who minds not to be present at it, has appointed ten of each estate to hold that Session and to proceed in the forfeiture, of which her husband, being ordinarily styled Chancellor, is to proceed alone, so that all men expect no other but just and equal proceeding at the hands of so equal and competent judges.

Is acquainted with little touching the success of the late meeting on the Borders. Is well assured by persons of good credit that Arran before going to the Borders—agreeable to what he had uttered divers times before to some of his familiars—sent this message to the King by a gentleman of credit, "that he should take no thought of any thing but his pastyme and pleasure, and for this meting let him alone," who, as he said, out of two points had gathered a third, which he assured himself should serve the turn to outshoot them [the English] with their own bow. But of the particular of things, there is not one in Court who pretends to know anything but by discourse and conjecture. Besides, the Master of Gray—being lately entered into a strait league with Arran since the French crowns came home, wherein he had some interest as a man especially trusted—is named to be ambassador towards the Queen of England, and to be very shortly despatched. This gentleman has always been noted in religion an obstinate Papist; in affection French; in devotion a professed servant of the Scottish Queen's; one who has confessed himself to be inwardly acquainted with the whole course, proceedings, and intent of herself and her friends abroad, and to have been very liberally gratified in France by the Duke of Guise, etc., and at his last coming home by the Spanish ambassador in France, from whom, as himself confesses, he had a very fair cupboard of plate in gift to the value of 500 or 600 crowns, and since his coming has been steward in the dispensing of some part of that money the Queen [of Scots] sent home —which some of the King's [of Scots] own Council and men most privy to her doings have confessed to himself to have been little less than 20,000 [crowns], and that Ballandyne was the messenger—of which he bestowed by her direction lately 300 on Fuljambe and his company. This gentleman being so qualified and affected, and recommended for this service by Arran's special labour and procurement, he leaves it to her majesty and their honours there to consider what ground it has, and whereto it tends, himself finding nothing but bare testimonies of men accustomed to deceive. Dare not assure her majesty of any direct dealing from hence, whatsoever be pretended. Yet is borne in hand that the King for his own part stands well affected to preserve her majesty's favour and friendship, and that Arran, to gain himself credit with her, has procured him this ambassador and chosen out this person, best acquainted with the plots and courses of her enemies, to discover and lay them open wholly to her majesty with the King's consent.

The King departed this morning towards Falkland, but the lords of his Council remain here for a time to take order in such things as could not be despatched before his departure, and are driven to go up to the Castle and to sit there in Council, to the end that nothing be done without the privity of "my lady my commer."

Was invited to dine there one Sunday, where he "held some purpose" with his majesty of many things, and observed the strangeness of their behaviour towards the poor young Prince, who is so distracted and wearied with their endless importunities that "it pitied" him to see it, "and yf I be not abused groweth full of ther fashons and behaviour, which he will sometymes discourse in brode langwage, as he that is not ignorante how they use him." The Countess of Arran has since the breaking up of the chests of jewels made new keys without the King's privity or commandment, the old [ones] remaining yet with Sir Robert Melville, who is minded to resign them up to his majesty as soon as he shall come to the Court, because he will no longer stand charged with that which she has the disposition of, being, as every man suspects, too skilful in subtraction. It is certainly reported that she has also, in surveying the wardrobe, tried what garments, etc., that were the Queen's may best fit her, and chosen out what she likes. This strange fashion of hers and her husband's will, in the judgment of the wisest in Court, hasten their change of fortune, howsoever they feed themselves now with an opinion of their long standing.

Finds that Argyll is not sleeping or careless though he be far off, and [he] is persuaded time will help all this. Has entertained "etu" with very many good compliments and assurances of the good meaning, favour, and affection of the Queen of England. But finds empty words move little. Lives here now only as a cipher, and may very well be spared, if it please her majesty. Besides, his honour knows what cause he has to desire home, to take some order in his own estate. Sees not what his stay here may avail, Lord Hunsdon's credit only sufficing with those who guide the stern. Edinburgh.

Postscript.—The Abbot of Newbottle died last week and was buried yesterday. The minister who preached at his burial, inveighing against the corruption and confusion entering into this Church by the ambition and wickedness of their bishops, was the same day sent for and committed. The same day, Sunday, the bishops of St Andrews and Aberdeen preached before the King in the great church of this town, labouring more to establish their own estate than to edify the hearers, who generally stormed and condemned them, and but for the King's presence had otherwise testified their misliking. But notwithstanding all this they push forward their own pomp, though with the common hurt of the whole state of this Church, whereof they appear to have very little sense. The Provost of Lincluden is brought again to this town and committed to the Castle. The forged conspiracy is at an end now the Earl of Arran has the mark he aimed at. The King himself, as he is assured by some of his own Council, has an utter mislike of the change, and has blamed the Secretary and Sir Robert Melville for dealing further in the matter than they had warrant from himself. But some think the Master's [of Mar] yielding in this, and his own extraordinary dealings against him without the King's warrant, will turn to Arran's disadvantage.

4 pp. Copy. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 121.

Original of the same.

267. Mr. J. Carmichael to Mr. William Davison. [Aug. 24.]

"My verie hartie commendations with all observance being premittit. This litil lazer at ye departure of ye beirar was not sufficient nether to giv zow hartie thankis in name of ye hail faithful for zour greit fidelitie and lawful diligence in ye common cause, nether zit in name of my wif and whole familie for your loving kyndness and liberalitie in my awin particular asweill heir as thair. Albeit my mynd could not conceave nor—after lang lazer—my pen expres fitt phrases for ye purpose, zet had I rather gif this smal and rude singification of ye ane then in silence negligentlie omit both; wishing the riche Lord to repay and requite that which we ar not hable in sic measure as our grate myndis to beg it at his handis. I am not ignorant how tymously the knawledge of ye mislykinge of our peple of our courteouris countenance and jugement of ye Prince of Erenge his murther is sent hither by zour information, and of uyer things narowlie markit and secretlie found out in yeestait of our Kirk, King, and cuntrie. The Lord hes His awin tyme quhairin zour travailis may haif ther awin fruit. The present tyme craves na les zour reply to Aran's lettre send to ye Lord Hounsden, to Aran's ansours unto ye lordis articles, and the conference betuix them; quhairin in effect he labours to controle manie things, the treuth quhairof hes bein writtin be zow. Quhairof I dout not bot ather the Secretar or ye Lord Hounsdan hes gevin zow gude intelligence. Bot it becumes me not to be curious in aliena republica. The Lord graunt zow wisdom and courage against zour manie croces and causes of discomfort offrit thair in ye confusion of all thinges, and move hir majesty to deliver zow out of that prisoun quhen He sall knaw maist meit to His awin glorie, comfort of his afflictit Kirk, zour awin saiftie in saule and bodie, and joy of all zour friendis heir. If thair can be anie hope of D. Hume's buik and Mr. Craig's collection of the Disciplin and actes of ye Assemblie to be sent to the brethren heir, I long to knaw. But we ar all more desyrous of Mr. Knoxes historie if it could be procurit by anie meanes from his wif, ye Laird of Breade or anie of Edinburgh, quhair we understand it es to be had, quhilk wald do us all singular pleisour and profit to ye cause; quhairunto if ye bischops injunction—quhairunto yei move all to subscrive—could be had to gither with ye secreit actes of last Parliament noct presentit bot registrat can be joinit be zour credit and zour worship sall eik a singular benefite unto all ye rest. I wald be glaidlie acquentit with my Lord thesaurar by zour mayne, quho hes neid of scharp spurres for all the keyes of ye cuntrie hinges at his belt. Hir majesty's interesse in our cause hes greit neid to be inculcat. If anie treuth be in the matter of Ireland it will gif new occason to paint out this double tricherie of Arans, geving him self furth to miskrals al thingis quhen he man be cheif author of all and is chosen as the fitest instrument to dissemble and dalie with my Lord Hounsden, quha hes best lernit to lie and least conscience to cousin almen, and boistis that he will not forgive his lies zeirlie for ten thousand pound." London. Signed: "J. Carmichaell minister of God's Word."

1p. Holograph, also address.

268. Shrewsbury to Burghley. [Aug. 25.] C.P., vol. XIII.

My noble good lord, I have received your letter touching the despatch of Sir Ralph Sadleir, who also lets me understand that he intends to be in this house this day towards the evening. Touching William Cavendish, if he denies anything that I have alleged against him by substantial witness, I will confute him; and that being performed, I trust his imprisonment in the Fleet shall not be reputed sufficient for his punishment. But, for that I have written to your lordship in a former letter touching that party, I will not trouble your lordship at this present.

Now, my good lord, whereas your lordship has been very oft solicited to write on the behalf of my son Gilbert Talbot, and of my wife, which hitherto your lordship has forborne until you might know what their causes were, I heartily thank your lordship for your honourable consideration taken on that respect, and very heartily pray your lordship not to yield to any requests hereafter by them to be made on that behalf. For, as to my wife, she has sought to impoverish me and to enrich herself; she has sought the ruin and decay of my house and posterity, and to raise up her house and name into that honour. She has sought my discredit and slander in the face of the world, and albeit she has "a litle changed the ayer," yet she carries the old mind, which has nothing now left to work upon but my old carcase, whereof I think she would make a sacrifice if I should receive her again.

And as to my son Gilbert Talbot, albeit I have loved him above all my children, and albeit he knows the practices which his motherin-law has used, yet he "dothe combyne himself to her," and gives countenance to those who are her principal instruments. This notwithstanding, I would be good father to him if he would be good son to me; whereof, by his outward actions, I can find no hope. And therefore, my good lord, I take it a far better course, and more for my security, to estrange myself from intermeddling with him until such time [as] by due repentance and obedience he has washed away such faults as he has committed, whereof I do not esteem it among the least to hear the bruits which have been published by him, that I have taken the chiefest things of the heirlooms from him, which is "merelie untrue." Sheffield.

My good lord, being appointed by her majesty's commandment delivered me from Mr. Secretary speedily to remove this charge to Wingfield, and to see her settled there before my coming up, I mind to perform the same, although it be very troublesome to me, on Thursday next; and as soon as I can after, will, God willing, take my journey; and in the meantime shall think it long till I may perform my desired duty to her majesty and see you my so noble a friend, and so end with the scribbled hand of your lordship's most assured. Signed: G. Shrewsbury.

Postscript.—My good lord, albeit I have sent away my stuff to Wingfield, yet now Sir Ralph Sadleir being come hither has willed me to stay here till he may hear from Mr. Secretary again, affirming that his direction is no farther than this house. For my part I like not this contrariety.

1 p. The latter part holograph. Addressed. Indorsed by Burghley.

269. Sir Ralph Sadleir to Walsingham. [Aug. 25.] C.P., vol. XIII.

Departed from his house on the 18th instant, and arrived here this day. Learnt from the Earl of Shrewsbury that by the Queen of England's commandment, signified by his letters of the 18th instant, he had determined to remove the Scottish Queen on the 27th to Wingfield, and for that purpose had caused some provisions to be laid in there, and also sent thither some of the Queen of Scot's baggage. But forasmuch as neither by his instructions nor by any other means had he heard thereof, but rather that he should have special regard, among other things, to such persons of the Queen of Scots as resorted to Sheffield town and other about it, and no word of Wingfield, and that he finds himself unable to travel again so soon, has entreated the Earl of Shrewsbury to stay the removal till his lordship and he may receive her majesty's commandment in that or any other thing. Comparing the openness of the country about Wingfield, and the greatness of the house—and therefore the more danger—to the straitness of this, and so the stronger, he would rather choose to keep this Queen here with sixty men than there with three hundred—of which the Earl of Shrewsbury is also—besides the slow coming of convenient victuals from remoter parts, as they must do upon so short warning. Sheffield Lodge. Signed: R. Sadleir.

Postscript.—Has not yet seen the Scottish Queen.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed.

270. Arran to Hunsdon. [Aug. 26.]

"Me lord and brother, eftir my maist humble commendation: ye greiffis direct to me quhylis I lay at Lanctoun being allvys upone ye incident bissines of his majesties parliament defferrit I communicat yem at last to his majestie in presence off Cuddie [Armorer] you lordship's servitour, quha upone his majestie to anser yem him self as verilee he did dyt yeis, it seaming for yis present noct neidfull to use many argumentis against yeis consavit greiffis causit partlie be his majesties haitteris and swa fals, partlie be his majestie upone a loving jelosie consavit off ye aversioun of his majestie mynd from his majestie. Me think my former anser in yis sufficient to entingwis yis jelosie in respect I knaw perfytlie hir majestie hathe prime place in his majesties hart before any foreigne Prince, iff ye organis off ye divill vald cease be liing and dissait to avert hir majestes mynd be haipping up suspitionis to ye commun disquyet off realmis quhilk so far as lyithe in me sall find no place heir. I am assurid off ye lyk off your lordship and all in quhome yer is ony feir off God. Now it will pleis your lordship resaiff yeise anseris to ye greiffis propounditt, as call to mynd my particular resonyng upon everie heid, quhilk ver tedious to pen; the attentyk copie off ye depositioun against sik as continancethe yis lait treasoun subscryvit be ye Clerk off his hienes register; the uther complaintis geiffin in be ye inhabitantis off Reidisdaill I haiff directid it to ye var denis and to sik uther as it aperteynid to be anserit, by quhilk I think sall veill anser it so sone as it cumis to my hand zour lordship sall haiff it vith all speid send to zow the rest, remitting ye inditis in vryttis and the berar his relatioun, I hartlie commit zour lordship to God his holie protectioun." Edinburgh Castle. Signed: Arrane.

Postscript.—"I abyd ye berar his pasport in ye former purpois, quhilk defferrit doithe evill."

1 p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

Inclosure with them.

(Answers to griefs presented by Lord Hunsdon.)

(1) As to the strait prosecution of all such have been noted to be well affected to the Queen of England, it can no ways appear they were either punished or hardly dealt with for that cause, since of late his majesty has been so careful and diligent to choose out good instruments to deal betwixt her majesty and him—as his majesty has done in electing them. Besides that in all their accusations their good will and affection borne to her majesty was at no time laid to their charge, but many capital crimes of treason "cognocit" now by the whole three estates, and more than manifest to the world.

(2) As for his majesty's inhibiting by public proclamation such as were banished not to repair into England, the bruits and "quhisperinges" that came to his majesty's ears of their conspiracies and treasons—which since they accomplished as far as in them lay— worthily moved his majesty to inhibit them from repairing to any place near his majesty's realm, lest they should have attempted those things which shortly they attempted when farther off.

(3) As for the reception of Jesuits and other her majesty's fugitives, and not delivering them according to his promise, as he propounds, his majesty would be most glad that so it might fall out by his lordship's travails that no fugitives of either realm should be received by each other; and whensoever it shall so be, it shall not fail on his majesty's part. Albeit in very deed this time by gone his majesty has been constrained to receive her majesty's mean rebels and fugitives— contrary to his good nature—since her majesty received in effect the greatest rebels and traitors his majesty ever had.

(4) As for the agreement with the Queen of Scots anent their association, his majesty has commanded him to assure her majesty and him that it is altogether false.

(5) His majesty has commanded him to assure him that it is likewise false and an untruth that his majesty has by any means, directly or indirectly, sent any message to the Pope or received any from him, or that his majesty has dealt with Spain or any foreign state to harm her majesty or her realm.

(6) As concerning the contemptuous usage of her majesty's ministers, his majesty used none of them so; and if his majesty had, sufficient cause was given by them, as their own handwriting testifies, as he more particularly informed him at Fowlden at their late meeting.

[Answer] to Lord Hunsdon's letter from Berwick on the 18th instant.

Touching the arrival of Scottish Irishmen in Ireland; he has in the presence of his servant, the bearer hereof, received this answer "dytid" by the King's own mouth: "ze sall assure my good cusing me Lord Hunsdoun I never gaiff any suche charge direclie or indireclie, nether promisit to any quhatsumever to over se it or vink at it, nor knew at any tyme off any suche matter bot be yis zour lordship's lettir." It is true they came to this country recommended by a letter from the Duke of Guise, and they presented the same openly to his majesty in his garden at Falkland before the whole Court. [They were] men esteemed here of small quality. At that time he [Arran] was not at Court. Showed his letter to his majesty, and never had more to do with these Irishmen.

Incloses [a copy of] the accusation of the rebels received in England subscribed by the Clerk Register, upon receiving the purgation of Thomas Lyoun.

2 pp. In Arran's hand. Indorsed.

271. Hunsdon to Mr. William Davison. [Aug. 26.]

On Sir John Foster's arrival here he declared to him that he [Davison] wrote to him that Secretary Lethington promised there should be meetings of the wardens, and redress had for such attempts as have been committed within his wardenry. This he finds to be but words, for he has had no meeting since, nor can he get any one to answer for [the people of] Liddisdale, who have been, and are, the principal spoilers of the Queen of England's subjects in the West and Middle Marches of England. He declares also to him that on Wednesday after his meeting with the Earl of Arran they of Liddisdale, Ewsdale, and Annandale came with 300 or 400 horsemen only for murder and taking of prisoners. The murder they missed by a great chance, for the Herons, the Fenwicks, and others whom they lay for were at Hexham with Sir John Foster, who was there mustering horsemen, "or ells they had had their wills."

It is very strange and the Queen and her Council cannot but think it more than strange, that the King will suffer his lewd subjects thus to spoil her majesty's subjects; yet such men as he may take order with at his pleasure, as Martin Elwoode, the "Lordge Jocke," and sundry others, who are the principal of them, were with the Earl of Arran when he met him. Requests him to deal earnestly with the King and his Council in this matter, the rather because most of them are there now with him, and to let him understand that if he and they do not presently take order not only for the stay of these outraging people, but also for redress to be had for such injuries as they have done in England, according to the laws of the Borders, the Queen of England will take it in hand, smally to the King's honour, and less profitable to his country. For he assures him the spoils they daily and nightly make are so intolerable to her majesty's subjects that unless she will suffer her whole countries to be laid waste and desolate, she will not endure it. Requests him to deal with the King and Council that they may know a resolute answer what shall be done herein, and that if they mind to make any reformation herein, it may be done presently and not be driven off with words, as it has been these six or seven years. At their last coming they took ten or twelve of her majesty's subjects and carried them away prisoners. Sent a gentleman lately to the Earl of Arran with a note of above three score of her majesty's subjects of Tyndale and Redesdale taken by those of Liddisdale, and every man put to his ransome. Sent him the names of the prisoners, the names of their takers, the sum of their ransomes, what they have paid, and what they are presently to pay; which are things intolerable, for they can do no more in the time of war. Requests him to deal earnestly herein. Berwick. Signed: H. Hunsdon.

1¼ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

272. Sir Edward Hoby to Burghley. [Aug. 27.]

Incloses a letter he received from the King of Scots this day, and another from himself to her majesty. Knows there are enough who desire to have good means "to pick a hole" in his coat, but is certain their expectations will fail them, being resolved never to run course but agreeable to Queen Elizabeth's liking. Trusts she ever stood satisfied with it. Requests him to deliver both letters with his own hands, and with the best offices he may to continue him in her good favour and liking. To the end that his lordship may not find strange his presumption in addressing himself so earnestly to him, ordinary means and counsellors being ordained to that office, he is constrained more plainly to signify to him that they be alien; from whose malice he humbly besought him in his letter of the 7th instant to protect him. Whosoever has so nearly touched him in the highest degree, as they have done, shall never by his goodwill handle any cause of his.

His lordship here sees a great favour and liking—as may be gathered in outward show—the King of Scots bears towards him. It will be misliked by those "who wold the like and can not," nothing being well done—but to breed jealousy—saving their own doings. If it may turn to her majesty's service, beseeches him to be a means to her that she continue the same. Will seek to please none but the Queen herself, and next her, his lordship. Berwick. Signed: Edw. Hoby.

Postscript.—Received his letter of the 20th. Received the King's letter by one of the Humes, a gentleman servant of his majesty. Likewise received a letter from the Earl of Arran, and of his voluntary professed brotherhood nourishes with him the compliments, and so thinks it not amiss to continue for her majesty's service till he understands her pleasure to the contrary.

1 p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed by Burghley.

273. Angus to Mr. William Davison. [Aug. 28.]

Albeit I have not often troubled you with my letters since your lordship's passing into Scotland, I hope you will bear with me. Only now have I taken the occasion by this bearer, your servant, going towards you to excuse myself thus shortly, remitting the declaration of the causes of my so long delay to the Master of Glamis's letter, by which I hope he has more amply set down the causes thereof. Newcastle. Signed: Angus.

½ p. Addressed. No flyleaf.

274. Hunsdon to Burghley. [Aug. 29.]

It is strange to see what devices are to be wrought when some men are unwilling to have matters brought to pass that they are unwilling to further. Marvels wherein her majesty should doubt of his [Angus] manner of writing, for he has been long enough acquainted with him. But "beleke" he is angry that he did not make him acquainted with his letter that he wrote to her majesty, imagining "beleke" that he had written something therein against the earls [Angus and Mar], or else [he is] offended that he wrote what Arran had told him of those at Fowlden. But he serves but one God and one Queen. Is informed that being here it becomes him to write; which he did. Has dealt as earnestly for them as he could, as he may perceive by the last part of the earl's answers. Is sorry to see that some for malice, some for ambition, who have not the credit themselves to have the dealing in this matter, practise to hinder so good a matter by all the policy they can, not respecting her majesty's safety or the good their country shall receive by it.

Mr. Davison is offended because he is not made acquainted with these causes and made a dealer in them, as his lordship shall know by such speeches as he used to the King, being at dinner in the Castle of Edinburgh, this bearer standing by; as also what means are used by Roger Askam and Fowlar to the Earl of Leicester [to] have the doing of it. Truly he would any of them had the dealing in it, provided they would deal as they ought to do for her majesty's honour and the quiet of her estate. If the Master of Gray be well used he can do her that service that no man in England or Scotland can, for there has not been, nor is there, any practice between France and the Scottish Queen or any other practice against her majesty and this realm that he is not familiarly acquainted with; and the King of Scots or the Earl of Arran know nothing of those practices but by him, and so the earl swore to him.

Here is such continual posting with great packets from Mr. Secretary to the Mayor of Newcastle, and from him to Mr. Secretary, and likewise to and from Mr. Davison, that the like has not been. Is very credibly advertised that whatsoever he writes up is returned to them, and it seems so, for upon his last letters Colvile rode up presently. "And now that Robart Bowse ys come yntoo the bysshopryke ther ys suche consultacyons betwene hym, the Master of Glammes and Colvyn whane he was there as passys, I feare yt ys for no goode." If the earls be not sent further into the land fears his lordship will hear of something shortly not to be liked," and yett the poore erles nothinge acquayntyd withall." This bearer has been made acquainted with these matters of his negotiation by the King and the Earl of Arran from the beginning, and has been there lately. Berwick. Signed: H. Hunsdon.

1⅓ pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed by Burghley.

275. Hunsdon to Burghley. [Aug. 29.]

Before the receipt of his letter of the 20th had sent Cuthbert Armerar to the Earl of Arran for his answer in writing to such articles as he had proponed to him at Fowlden, which he then promised to send him, because he had dealt with him in many other matters at great length which he might fail in reporting as fully as was fit; and for his answer touching William Newgent and his fellow, and the sending of sundry Scottish men to Ireland, his servant returned yesterday, "beynge the 27 of thys monthe," who brought answer to all these points, penned by the King's own hand, and by his commandment written out by the Earl of Arran. Incloses true copies thereof, and also a copy of the Earl of Arran's letter to him, by which her majesty may discern whether the King means to deal plainly with her or not, and whether the King and the Earl of Arran go about to abuse her majesty, or that she has been abused by such as have informed her to the contrary hereof, especially for the association, which her majesty is so thoroughly persuaded "too be concludyd one betwene the King and hys mother." In his opinion this cannot be true; for if it be already passed, to what end is the Frenchman there presently about it?

Touching the six points which the earl [Arran] has now answered, they were but matters delivered to him [Hunsdon] to let the King understand what causes her majesty had to conceive hardly of him, and thereby resolved to have no further dealing with him. But upon such offers of goodwill as the King and the earl made to her by letters from them to him, and the great desire the King had to be reconciled to her, her majesty was pleased to make trial of their large offers. For the trial whereof he had but one point only to charge the King with. Whereunto he was frankly offered that her majesty should be as fully satisfied and resolved therein as the King could by any means do it. How and by what means it should be done he advertised her majesty by his private letter. If this does not fall out accordingly she has no cause to trust them any farther. If it does her majesty is to make her best profit of it, and not by others' practices for some private respects lose a King who being cut off will prove so ill a neighbour to her. Fears that if she loses him now he will never be recovered. Has stayed sending for the Master of Gray, expecting his passport daily, which Mr. Secretary wrote to him was granted. Having written this much, received a letter from Mr. Secretary with the safe-conduct for the Master of Gray. Berwick. Signed: H. Hunsdon.

2 pp. Holograph, also address. Indorsed (by Burghley's clerk).

276. Orders by Shrewsbury. [Aug. 29.] C.P., vol., XIII.

Orders which have been set downe by y^e right honorable y^e Earle of Shrewsbury, and observed w^thin his house for y^e garde and sure keeping of y^e Scottish Queene under his charge, as followeth, viz^t:—The Earl entertains forty soldiers ordinarily within his house, besides his own household, furnished with calivers, partisans, and halberds, most of them being the sons of his lordship's tenants of good account, and otherwise well known to him to be faithful subjects to the Queen's majesty and trusty to him. Besides, two of his yeomen who watch and ward day and night at the stair-foot of the Scottish Queen's lodging, from which there is but "our" [one] way. Over these soldiers, under his lordship, Mr. Bentall, a gentleman of good wisdom and trust by long experience, has the charge, and being the gentleman porter has the care by daily attendance at the gate to observe all things touching that charge. All these soldiers within the house shall wear their swords and daggers until they go to bed, and every gentleman, yeoman, and soldier within the said house shall have such other furniture as shall be appointed to him, and his weapons always standing at his bedside, that he may be ready to offend and defend when occasion shall require. When the Scottish Queen goes abroad every gentleman, yeoman, and soldier shall be ready, upon warning thereof given, with such furniture and weapons as shall be appointed to them by the said earl's officer in charge for the time being to attend and wait on her, and none to wander or straggle abroad out of her sight until she has returned to her chamber.

None of her people shall pass out at the outer gates without leave, and upon such licence there shall be soldiers appointed to guard them, and to observe and see that they use no conference with any stranger, nor deliver or receive any letters to or from any, and not to go further than they are licensed. And that none of the earl's servants shall use any conference with the said Queen or with any of her people, other than officers for their necessary occasions. Watch and ward shall be continually kept about the said house with eight soldiers, more or less, at the discretion of the gentleman porter; and that such soldiers as watch shall ward in their courses accordingly.

Every soldier who is to watch and ward shall be ready at the sounding of the drum, which shall be sounded from Lady Day at 6 in the morning and at 6 at night. And the watch being charged and set, every watchman to keep his charge and place appointed within and without the house, and shall suffer none to pass without the watchword, or with the officer in charge for the time being. When any alarm shall be given by the watch, ward, drum, trumpet, or otherwise, all who are in the house shall come forth with all possible speed to answer to the said alarm, and shall be ready to follow such direction as shall be given "to" [by] the said earl or by the officer in charge for the time being; and when such alarm shall be given, that none of the Scottish Queen's people shall come out of his or their chamber or lodging, upon peril of their lives, until they shall be called for by name, or specially licensed by the earl or his officer. The gentleman porter shall search and relieve the watch at his discretion from time to time, and if he find any default or offence committed by any soldiers, to appoint him such punishment as his offence deserves.

The gentleman porter shall deliver the names of such as watch, and the watchword, every night by 9 o'clock to the said earl or to such as shall be in charge under him. No servant within the said house shall ride abroad or lie forth of the house without special licence. The gates shall be locked up every day at 11 o'clock, and so kept until all the house have dined; and in the meantime none to pass to or fro, unless they be necessary officers of the earl's or about the earl's special business.

29 August, 1584. "Certen other things thought good to be added."

That all the said forty soldiers shall give their corporal oaths to the said earl to serve truly in the places of their charge, and in his lordship's absence to be obedient in such things, and at such times for the service of the Queen's majesty—besides the orders above mentioned—as they shall be commanded by Sir Ralph Sadleir, knight, one of her highness's Privy Council.

The two laundresses and the coachman shall give the like oaths, as to their several services belong.

The Justices of the Peace and constables of the country adjoining are also to be charged, and the constables sworn, to be careful in their several divisions and limits to observe all passengers unknown, and if any such come in troups, to advertise Sir Ralph Sadleir speedily thereof. The constables shall increase their night watches in every parish by two persons more than usual, and those to be discreet persons. They shall also appoint two like persons to ward upon the highways of every parish of their limits, and if they see any suspicious wandering person, man, woman, or boy, the watchmen or warders shall bring such suspected person to the next justice or constable, there to be examined and searched for letters or other "carriages"; and if any such shall be found about them, or other cause of suspicion, the person shall be brought to Sir Ralph Sadleir in the earl's absence. They shall have the like care of all other travellers unknown, lodging [in] or resorting to any village within their limits.

3¾ pp. Indorsed.

277. Hunsdon to Burghley. [Aug. 29.]

Is credibly given to understand that a Scottish man who is staying here—whereof there are too many—belonging to the Earl of Angus, has lately sought with offers of good sums of money to a young gentleman of his, to let him know the secret dealing between the Earl of Arran and him. When he refused he sought to have him promise that he would not bewray it. Wrote to his lordship what going out and coming back there has been at the shutting of the gates. Since they seek to abuse him, will make a despatch of them all, for there shall not one of them harbour here above a night. Requests that if there be any mislike of him for his doing hereof he may not be condemned without answer. Signed: H. Hunsdon.

½ p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed by Burghley.

278. Walsingham to Mr. William Davison. [Aug. 29.]

Incloses a letter from the Queen of England, to which he refers him as to his dealing for the noblemen. Have heard nothing out of Ireland since the first advertisements, but look daily to hear from him what he can learn of that matter. Her majesty would think it a charge very well bestowed that he should employ some apt person in the north to discover whether M'Conell or any other have been authorised by the king to make such an invasion. Barnelms. Signed: Fra. Walsyngham.

½ p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

279. Elizabeth to Hunsdon. [Aug. 29.]

Whereas the Scottish noblemen retired into England, and the Countess of Cassillis, have made known to her that they understand there is a meaning to proceed to the forfeiture of their lands and goods at this Parliament which is presently to be held in Scotland, upon some new information given out against them that thay had a secret practice in hand for seizing the King's person and taking the Castle of Edinburgh—wherein they confidently protest their innocency and offer that if the same practice or any part thereof may be justly proved they are content to underly any punishment that the laws of England may inflict on them—and pray her mediation towards the King for a stay of the intended proceeding against them; she being moved with their solemn vows and protestations to vouch their innocency of this new imputation, whereof she in conscience holds them to be clear, and pitying their hard case, namely, the poor countess in respect of her sex and also for her young innocent son's sake, who is in danger of losing his patrimony, has directed Davidson to press the King of Scots very earnestly to stay the intended proceeding against them. Orders him to write to the Earl of Arran to employ his best means to satisfy her said request with that readiness that she may in reason look for considering the earnest protestations delivered by him of sound and friendly meaning towards her, the sincerity whereof is to be tried in the proof that she has now occasion to make of it. For if there shall not be that due regard had that appertains to gratify her in what she justly desires—the same being none other than to have this matter pretended against these noblemen deferred, and not to be dealt with at this Parliament—the world may then have just cause to judge that all this great outward show and offers of inward goodwill and friendship sound like hollow words, without substance, when they are not accompanied with effects, especially in a matter which she chiefly urges in respect of the King his master's own well doing and safety, knowing right well the danger that such like violent courses are commonly subject to. Thinks that he [the King] might do well, with due consideration of the present condition of his own estate, to make his profit thereof in his own case, which necessarily requires that he should seek rather to strengthen himself with the goodwill of noblemen of their alliances, birth, and quality whose friendship may stand him in so much stead, than by running on still a violent course against them and their party, to make himself subject to the violent issue that may accompany the same.

2⅓ pp. Draft. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 126 b.

Copy of the same.

280. Hunsdon to [Walsingham]. [Aug. 29.] Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 125.

I have received your letter of the 23rd with her majesty's safeconduct, which shall be sent to the King presently. Touching the Irish matters—having received letters from you before touching Nugent's going thither and for the landing of Scottish men there, and more looked for daily, I wrote presently to the Earl [of Arran] thereof. Who, making the King acquainted therewith, has answered the same fully—how truly, I know not. Which [answer] I send to my Lord Treasurer herewith, as also his answer in writing touching the six articles which I dealt with him in at Falden; in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th whereof her majesty seems not to be satisfied. It may be that I mistook some of them, or did not write them so fully as he spoke them.

But now I have sent them penned first by the King's own hand, and so written out by the Earl of Arran and sent to me. Wherein, if they have not dealt truly and plainly with her majesty, she is to trust them the less in other matters, and so to use them thereafter. And so for my part I would wish her majesty to do. But if they deal plainly and cannot be believed, it may make them refuse to answer anything.

Touching the new conspiracy wherewith the noblemen were charged to be acquainted withal, because the Earl of Arran had charged them so far therein, at my meeting with him at Falden I required him that he would let me have in writing how far they had dealt therein and could be justly charged by Drummond or any other, for that it would touch him greatly in honour if they should be charged wrongfully; and that the world would greatly condemn him to be his only doing, partly for the malice he bears them, and thereby to make them more odious to the King, especially at this time, and to work some gain to himself by their confiscation. Whereupon he has sent me Drummond's confession under the Clerk Register's hand, a copy whereof I send you herewith; which in truth, for anything I can find in it, does not touch them at all, and so I write presently to him. For, before this time, the Master of Glamis having written to me at some length of his innocency therein, I sent a copy of his letter to the Earl [of Arran], as you may perceive by the latter end of the articles that he has answered. And for my own part I wish as well to the earls as any man, and dealt as earnestly for them as I could do; but it appears that it was fully resolved that they should be proceeded against at this parliament. For my own I thank you for wishing me well; but as I am appointed to deal here in these causes, so am I to write what I receive and find from the King and him, and trial must be their judge of their well or ill meaning. And as I am not to credit them too far, so am I not to condemn them too hastily till I see just cause. And if they do not deal as they have professed, I doubt not but her majesty shall soon find it, and then will use them accordingly. Berwick. Signed: H. Hunsdon.

1 p. No flyleaf or address.

281. Huntly to Mary. [Aug. 31.] C.P., vol. XIII.

"Pleis zour majeste, at all tymes heirtofor being maist desyrous to have onderstand of zour hienes gud estait, and gif occasioun had offerit to have latten zour majestie knawin quhou uilling I uas, and zit es, to do zour hines service in all thingis lyis in me, and never haifing the suir moyen to that effect, wihill nou be the aid of George Douglas zour hines affectionat and treu serviteur be quhais assurance of gud convoy, heirby maist uillinglie and affectionatlie offeris my maist humble and dewtifull obedience and service in anything heirefter it sall pleis zour hines imploy me, quhilk to my lyvis end sall never neglect, as pruif sall baire uitnes. I reaceivit ane lettre of zour majestis be Mons^r. de Fontainie in the moneth of July last by post, quhom I sall aid to the uttermaist according to zour hines command. The estait of this contrey I remet to the declaration of George Douglas and Mons^r. de Fontainie. In respect I have not ane cipher, quhilk gif it be zour majestis guduill to send me ane, therefter sa far as I may have intelligence to zour hines service and ueill, quhilk ever I sall uisse, zour majestie salbe forseine. Sua maist humble kissing zour majestis handis I tak my leif. Prayis God to be zour hines preservour, in gud health with prosperous returne in this realme to zour majestis and faithfull subjects contentement." Falkland. Signed: J. Huntlye.

1 p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

282. Petition of William Gyttins of Bristol to the Privy Council of England. [Aug. 30].

About four years past having a ship of his called the Phesaunt, laden with mechandise to the value of 960l. sterling, lying at anchor in the river of Lough Foyle in Ireland, one Robert Jemyson, a pirate, of the town of Ayr in Scotland, violently entered upon the said ship and carried her away with all her merchandise and lading, to the petitioner's utter undoing. Whereupon he send a servant of his to Scotland to search out the said Jemison, whom he could not there find; but he revealed the cause of his coming to certain of Jemison's friends. Shortly after he had intelligence of a secret conspiracy against him, whereby he was enforced to return for fear of being murdered. The petitioner pursued Jemison to Spain and other countries, and met with him at Rochelle, where he caused him to be attached. But he [Jemison] removed the suit into the Court of Parliament in Paris, where it depended three years or more, to the petitioner's damage 300l. sterling. Through the subtle practices of the said Jemison and the friendship of the Scottish ambassador and the captain of the guard there, being a Scottish man, whom Jemison had procured to be solicitor in his behalf, the petitioner could not obtain justice, but was unjustly overthrown in his suit, to his utter undoing, as the ambassador to the Queen of England in France by his letters to them has at large expressed. Besides this, his factor, whilst he was following the said suit, was murdered. Requests license to stay any Scottish goods he can find within any of her majesty's dominions until he may be fully satisfied for his ship, goods, losses, and hindrances.

¼ p. Broadsheet. Indorsed.

283. Petition of William Gyttins of Bristol. [Aug. 30.]

Abstract of No. 282.

¼ p. Indorsed: "He may have licence to arrest so much Scottish goodes as may contervayle his losse."

284. The Earl of Arran's Instructions to the Master of Gray. [Aug.]

No seal or handwriting to be interchanged by him but according to the old band. In all purposes of weight is to desire to be further resolved of his majesty, sometimes alleging such "heads" not to be in his instructions, sometimes that he is specially inhibited, "whereuppon ye blankes suffice; also the blankes brought with you to make your revocation as the necessity shalbe offered." If the league be kept with his majesty touching his rebels, is to let the Queen of England know her danger in all things. The King esteems the danger his own. If need shall require, is to offer in his majesty's name forces on foot and horseback to defend her and pursue all who would disturb her estate or realm.

If a league offensive and defensive shall be propounded to him, is not to cast it off, but shall demand the conditions and post them to his majesty, and he shall shortly be resolved of them; for that these ten years they [the English] have ever been seeking them; and when no other thing will serve, that will protract time and be in his majesty's option to grant or deny. If it shall be "condescended" that the rebels be banished, is not to "spare to condescend" that all subjects of England shall have access to all parts of Scotland without passport or license, "and all Scots in England in like manner." This will pleasure England greatly, and he [Arran] sees a commodity divers way to the King of Scots.

1¼ pp. Copy. Indorsed: "Aug. 1585 [sic]. E. of Arran's instruccions for the Mr. of Grayes."

285. Adam Fullerton to Mr. William Davison. [Aug.]

"Mr. Davidson memoreall for Adam Fullertoun."

"Pleis zour honour to tak ye panis for me, as to haif my commendationis to yair honouris underwrittin."

"Item, to put hir majestie in ramembrance of my good affectioun to hir hyenes abuffe all Prinsses on ye erth, my soverane and nateif cuntre exceptit, and quhow wyllyng and kairfool in my callyng I labur nycht and day yat amatie be keipit betuix ye two crownis for ye Gospell saik and ye professouris yair of in boith ye landis becaus Sathan is besse to saw devesioun as experience dois teyche zou."

"Item, to haif me in ramembarance of racommendatioun of service to my rycht honorabillis lordis of hir majesteis Consaill, my Lord Thesaurer, my good Lord of Lychester, my Lord of Bedfourd, my Lord Houndisdane, Sir Crystepher Halton, Mr. Secreter Welsynghame, my verre good freindis and lordis; my verre good freindis of experience Mr. Randolphe and good Mr. Kyllegrew; and to Dochtour Daille and Dochtour Lovis [Lewis], Juge of ye Admerallate; with Mr. Baille and Mr. Vilkys, clerkis to hir counsaill; and to Mr. Myllis and Mr. Tomsoun clerkis to Mr. Sakreter Velsynghame."

"And yat zour lordship call to mynde to put hir majestie [ ] lordschipis in ramembrance tuixing ye spolzeis done to ye subjectes of yis land, and in speciall twyching ye caus I had in hande, as zour lordship sall persaif be ye ordour quhilk I gaif zoue in write tuixing ye caus I had in hand will declair at lenth, and yat upone my awin chargis except j^e lb. I dout noct yf it sall pleis his majeste to command me to prosecute yat caus to devyse ye moyen quhow, all thingis salbe knyt up and hir majeste lytill trubillet for ye redres. Edinburgh. Signed: Adam Fullertoun.

2 pp. Holograph, also address.

286. Forfeiture, etc., in the Parliament of Scotland. [Aug.]

"In the Parliament holden at Edinburgh the xxij. day of August the yere of God 1584 yeres thir persons wer forfalltit." (See "The Acts of Parliament of Scotland," vol. iii. p. 336.)

2⅓ pp. Copy. Indorsed.