Elizabeth: September 1585

106. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [Sept. 1.]

Sir, for the better effecting of the matter proposed by Gray, whereof I have already advertised you, it is thought meet by him and the Lords John and Claud that the Lords should agree speedily with Morton.

Then Morton should make an incursion upon the Laird of [ ] (fn. 1) with whom he has a quarrel.

The Master of Gray promises that if he has enough money to maintain [ ] (fn. 1) about him for a short time; he will make the Border so strong, that if the King, on the rumour that the Border is coming into this country, seeks to pass over the water to [ ] (fn. 1) or France, he will seize him and deliver him into [ ] (fn. 1) hands.

It is very necessary, in case of sudden enterprise, to have a friend at court to hold the King from Arran until such time as the whole forces of the party shall be in the country. Therefore in my opinion it would not be amiss to satisfy the Master of Gray's request, for he is now so far involved that unless the matter turn out successfully he will be ruined.

The Master of Gray has had great conference with [ ] (fn. 1)

I have forborne to acquaint the King with that part of your letter which concerns the adjournment of the meeting of the commissioners to a later date, because the King himself, being informed by his Secretary that his commissioners cannot be ready by the day appointed, has also desired a delay in the matter for a time.

The King promises that when my Lord Scrope sends word that the commissioners for England are ready, his shall not fail to meet them within eight or ten days. I misliked his motion, but told him that I would advertise it.

If [ ] (fn. 2) is resolved on, I beseech you to ask her majesty for my revocation, for here I am in great danger.

The matter proposed by Gray has been concealed from the Justice Clerk and the Secretary, because we thought that the Clerk would reveal it to [ ]* whom we esteem no great favourer of the [ ]. (fn. 2)

I wish the matter could be so handled that the Master of Gray may assure himself that the Queen of England reposes great trust in him, otherwise he may overthrow everything. He says that he will write to your honour within two or three days.

So long as I continue in this country it will be imagined that her majesty desires the continuance of the league, and that she does not mean to favour the lords; which opinion may do much harm and make their friends irresolute. Hamilton. Signed: Edward Wotton.

2 pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed. Partly in cipher.

107. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [Sept. 3.]

The cause which moves him to write at this time is only to convey the Master of Gray's letter in safety.

Has no great matter to write about, seeing that it is reported all over the country that her majesty has given a secret commission to Lord Hunsdon to deal with Arran, and that Cuthbert Armorer is used as the instrument.

Knowing there is nothing that can tend more to the safety of the Queen his mistress in this dangerous matter than a perfect friendship with France, desires it with all his heart, and cares not by whom it is brought about.

Must say, however, that hard measure is offered him, if so base a fellow as Cuthbert Armorer is employed in the matter for which he was sent to Scotland. How greatly he will be disgraced if the matter is true, he leaves unto his consideration.

Will not believe, until he has more news, that her majesty would so disgrace him, for she can easily see that to discountenance her minister is in a way to dishonour herself.

Within eight days the Jesuits were at Kinneill with Arran; and Collingwood informs him that Hay is there at this moment. Her majesty may see what sound dealing she has to look for from such a man.

Will acquaint the King with the matter, but forbears to press him to apprehend them until he knows whether the Queen of England will break with the King.

Begs him for his revocation, and to act speedily, because delay brings danger.

Assures him that the opposing faction are very busy, and he fears that they will possess themselves of the King's person.

Prays him to remember Macgeogan's pardon. Desires that all ships that go from this coast to France may be boarded by her majesty's ships, to see what letters they carry. Stirling. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

1 p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

108. Edward Wotton to [Leicester]. [Sept. 4.]

I am so far disgusted with the humours and proceedings of some here, that it grieves me to think thereof, much more to write it to your lordship, and has been the reason of my long silence, which I humbly beseech your lordship to pardon. My opinion of particular persons here your lordship shall know on my return, which I pray your lordship to further with her majesty.

I understand that my cousin Fairfax is not to return to this country. Though I think him happy therein, yet I am sorry, for the want of his company, which was very delightful to me, made me pass over the miseries of this soil better than I should otherwise have done. During the time of his abode here he carried himself very discreetly toward all men, and very honestly towards your lordship, and did not omit the doing of any good office whereby he might imprint in the King's mind a good opinion of your lordship. In these two points I think him not inferior to any servant your lordship has.

This much I thought good to witness for him, that he and his good behaviour might be known to your lordship, to whose good grace I recommend both him and myself. Stirling. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

1 p. Holograph. No address or indorsement.

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 333.

Copy of the same.

109. [Walsingham] to Edward Wotton. [Sept. [4].]

"Sir, I do not knowe howe you shall well excuse towardes the best affected there, or coldness either to the amitye in generall or to themselves in particuler, touchinge the pointe of relief, but by layinge before them the just cause of jelousie geiven unto us by the repayre of the Jesuites into that realme, the murther of the Lord Russell and the enlarginge of Arren without her majestie's privetie."

"They are therefore to be lett understande that there is no waye to remove the jelousies which by longe contynuance of tyme maie happelie revyve the ancient hatred betweene the twoe nations, but onlie the restitution of the distressed Border; a matter of so great difficultie so longe as the Earl of Arreyn shall enjoye the Kinges care, as all men of judgement are desperate of the contynuance of that necessary frendshippe that is desired, especiallie in this tyme, when throughe the mallice of the enemie, so mainie practises ar sett on foote to the ruyine of relligion in both realmes. We were in some good hope of the Frenche Kinge as one that beganne to see his error in revoking the edict of pacification, and that carryed a secret dysposytion to take revenge of the Duke of Guyse and his confederat; but we begin now upon somme matter come lately to oure knowledge to change our opinion and to thinke that all is but assimulation."

"But this will not waken us, neyther in takinge a thoroughe course for the assuringe of that countrie where you are, nor yett in yealdinge that necessarie assistance unto the Kinge of Navarre that the comon cause requyrethe."

"When we geive advise to use some waie of prevention, then are we thought authors of unnecessarie charges, and when we laye open the apparent dannger then are we heled as men possessed with vague feare."

"This much I thought good to lett you understand, of our present disposation here. This done, the commission to the Lord Scroope is sent awaie, from whom you shall shortelie heare. What is thought mete by my Lords of the Counsell to be donne by you in that cause."

1 p. Draft. Altered in Walsingham's hand. Indorsed.

110. Walsingham to Edward Wotton. [Sept. 4.]

Has despatched the commission to Lord Scrope, and instructions for inquiring into the murder of the late Lord Russell.

Has also sent a letter to Lord Scrope to convey to him, to the effect that when the commissioners shall give knowledge of their meeting, he [Wotton] shall move the King to send Farnihurst hither, and deliver Arran, in case by examination and one proof he is found guilty. Nonsuch.

Postscript.—The delivery of Arran is not to be urged unless sufficient matter is discovered to prove him guilty of the breach of the truce and of the murder.

The Queen wishes that the King's offer had been accepted at first, when he promised to deliver both Arran and Farnihurst. He would probably have kept his promise with regard to Farnihurst, though he never meant to deliver Arran.

½ p. Copy. Indorsed: "W. to Mr. Wotton."

Copy of the same.

Copy of part of the same.

111. Walsingham to Edward Wotton. [Sept. 4.]

By reason of the absence of the Lords of the Council from Court, her majesty could not take advice touching the matter of the league sooner, upon some articles of which she has now, presently, after their meeting together, set down the inclosed consideration.

Her majesty thinks that it will be hard to have all things in such readiness that the commissioners on both sides may meet in so short a time as the 20th of this month. Nevertheless, for her part, she will not be slow to despatch her Commissioners with all speed when she receives the King's answer to the contents of the said consideration.

He forgot in the consideration upon the articles to set down the amendment of the sixth, touching the aid to be given by her majesty in case of the invasion of any remote part of that realm, where, instead of the words "at the King's chardges," as is expressed in the original copy, their copy has "at the Queen's chardges." Her majesty desires that the two copies should be compared and the word amended.

Her majesty seems to yield to his revocation; directly after the conclusion of the treaty, he will therefore hasten the matter all he can.

Intends as soon as he has received an answer from him, to send Thomas Milles to him with her majesty's resolution touching the day of meeting to be appointed for the Commissioners.

Her majesty, for her part, means to authorise the said Commissioners to deal with the Border causes, which in the twelfth article are referred to the ordering of Commissioners. They should be warned to prepare their bills accordingly.

1 p. Copy Indorsed.

Copy of the same.

112. Walsingham to the Master of Gray. [Sept. 4.]

Her majesty understands that he [Gray] is deeply grieved through fear that she has conceived a bad opinion of him, upon information that he had fallen away from that devotion which he professed to bear towards her.

She now sends him word that if she had listened, and been carried away so easily upon bare information, she would have done as great a wrong to herself as to him. It is not justice to condemn anyone unheard; and she would not fail to yield him what any common person might claim unheard.

The Queen cannot believe that he would be so carried away that he would fail in honour towards himself or towards his sovereign. Prays him therefore to lay all doubts and jealousies aside, and to believe that the Queen will never condemn so devoted a gentleman as the Master of Gray.

Since entering into the public charge which he now holds, nothing has grieved him more than that their ambassador, through abuse offered him, should be made an instrument to call in question the credit of his best friend, and one whom he professed to love most.

1¼ pp. Draft altered in Walsingham's hand. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 334 b.

Copy of the same.

113. [Master of Gray] to the Laird of Johnstone. [Sept. 4.]

"Sir, ye shall wytt there is worde come here to his majestie and hole court, this last Saturday at nighte, being the fourth of September instant, and that bothe by worde and writte, whilke write I saw withe myne eyes, that the hole Johnstons are appointed withe the Lorde Maxwell, and ye yorselfe in like maner, and is putt to fredome, whereof I marvell greatly and can in noo wise creditt the same, that ever ye will appoint withe the Lord Maxwell by his highnes' knowledge and advise, and his majestie is even of the same opinion; and if ye have so done, I thinke it a greater displeasure to me nor all the rest of the skaythes we have gotten.

And that in respecte of the promise yorselfe haith maid to his majestie and that by your owne hand writt, and I have divers tymes affirmed the same, and to verefy his highnes' good will, and to assure you of yor releiffe within a certane day his majestie is myndeded to send you his owne handwritt the whilke I had gotten this last Saturday at nighte, ware not theis newes come instantly togither with the warranda to the Larde of Amisfield and Roberte Dougles of Tosogill; and if ye remane constante as I doute not but ye will, I shall not fale to have the same at you shorteley. And for this cause that I may understand the certanetye I have posted away this berer, the whilke I beseike you on noo wise feyne the trothe to me, and that by yor owne hand wrytt with all expedytion after the sight hereof.

And further if there be any other course that ye can devise by any meane or helpe to releiffe yourselfe, huyke [sic] not for noo bounde nor promys that ye ar able to make, nor yett to geve geare nor lande wherethroughe ye may serve his majestie as of before, for his majestie haith promised to me the same shalbe releyved agane without any danger or skaith to you, and is contented that ye doo the same by all means possible, providinge that ye may serve him thereafter.

Further I have referred further credytt to the bearer who will informe you my mynde at more length." Stirling.

1 p. Indorsed: "A coppie of a letter written unto the Lard Johnston."

114. Mary to Monsieur de Mauvissière and Another. [Sept. 6.]

Foreseeing that your answer to my last will only reach me slowly, I have thought good, without waiting for it, to impart to you my just complaints upon that which Sir Amias has been directed to signify to me touching the memorial I sent you, which is in effect a complete refusal of the principal requests contained therein; that is to say, for change and commodity of lodging, information as to my dower to be brought by the Sieur de Cherelles, and the increase of the number of my servants; matters now but slight and of no importance to the Queen of England my good sister, but nevertheless so necessary for the preservation of my life and health, maintenance of the so little good as remains to me in this world, and for my consolation within these four walls, where I see too well from day to day that they wish to reduce me to the utmost extremity that, but for the very urgent need I have, my heart would not make me address them with so many importunities, suits and entreaties, which I esteem the most dear price at which they could make me purchase them, regretting infinitely that for all the duty wherewith I have voluntarily submitted myself to please the said Queen in all things and everywhere, there is so little respect and consideration of her honour and my contentment for my condition and treatment here.

To bring before your eyes then the necessity, in the first place, in which I am for lodging, that you may indicate it on my behalf to the said Queen, having never been well informed of it, as I imagine, I will tell you that I am in an enclosure with walls higher than a mountain, exposed to all winds and blasts of heaven.

Within the said enclosure, like that of the Bois de Fincennes, there is a very old hunting lodge built of lath and plaster gaping on all sides, not having a stone that holds to the plaster in any place, and the plaster broken in numberless places; the said lodge distant from the walls three fathoms or thereabouts, situate so low that the rampart of earth which is beyond the wall is level with the highest ridge of the lodge, so that the sun can never beat upon it nor wholesome air come, but only a sourness and rottenness so great that you cannot put any furniture in that part, lest in four days it will be all covered with mouldiness.

I leave you to judge how that can act on the body; and to put it in a word, the greater part are rather holes for vile and abject criminals than a habitation for persons of my quality or of much less; assuring myself that there is not in this kingdom a lord, nor especially those who being less than lords wish to reduce me to a lower condition than themselves, who would not think it a punishment and tyranny that they should be reduced for one year to so narrow and incommodious a dwelling, in the fashion they wish to force and compel me. And for lodging I have my own person, for which I call all those who have been here to witness, only two wretched little chambers so extremely cold, especially at night, that without the ramparts and defences of curtains and draperies that I have caused to be made there, it would not be in my power to stay there six days; and of those who have watched over me by night during my illness only one has not been as it were dissolved by illness from cold or catarrh. Sir Amias will be able to testify if he has not seen three of my maids together ill from this cause; and my physician also, who has had his part therein, has told him plainly several times that he would not take charge of my health during this next winter if I stayed in this house.

For as to replastering or otherwise to repair and enlarge it, think how it would be wholesome for me to live in such new diminishings, not being able to bear the least damp air in the world; and for that there is no reason whatsoever to offer me to do it. I have no new advantages or repairs for this winter.

As to the house which is proposed to me for removal during the said repairs, it is a bit of a lodging as it were appurtenant to this one, in which my guardian can testify assuredly that it is not in his power to lodge so few servants as I have; and without them I have too much reason to fear to dwell so apart; about which I do not wish for this time to say more.

If we must come to commodities, I have not, as I have heretofore told you, any other gallery or cabinet to walk or retire in that I may be alone, except two small holes only, giving towards the shadow of the circuit of the wall, and the largest being only a fathom and a half square. To take the air out of doors, on foot or in my chair, there being on the top of this mountain no clear space, I have only about a quarter of an acre of ground at the entrance of the stables that last winter was entirely ploughed and enclosed with a paling of dry wood; a place to look at more fit to keep leeks in than to bear the name of garden; there is not a shepherd's patch in the midst of the fields that has not more grace and proportion. How is one to take exercise on horseback all the long winter as I have tried—sometimes snow falls, the rains break up the roads that there is no place to walk a mile even with my coach, of which if I have need I commit myself to my legs.

I am ashamed to be compelled to say even this, that as there is not a house filled with so many of the common people as is this here that can be kept long clean, whatever decent people may be put therein, so this lodging lacking pits for private easements is subject to such a continual foulness that each one overflows, one is compelled to avoid them, and such is beneath my windows, from which I receive bottles of perfume but little pleasing.

And if beside all the above I am permitted to add the opinion I have conceived of this house, a matter for consideration in a less person than I in a state of sickness, I will tell you that as this place has been my first prison and means of restraint in this kingdom, and where from the beginning I have received very great rigours, rudeness, and indignities, so have I ever since held it unlucky and unfortunate, as from the past winter before coming here I caused to be remonstrated to the said Queen. And in this sinister opinion the accident of this wanderer has not a little confirmed me, who after having been so tormented was found hung above the wall, vis à vis before my windows; about which I wrote to you Monsieur de Mauvissier. And since four or five days ago another poor man has been found thrown into the well, of whom nevertheless I would not wish to make any comparison with the other. I have lost my good Rallay, who was one of my chief comforts in my captivity; another of my gentlemen is since deceased, and two others have been much troubled with sickness.

In short, I can have here no commodity or contentment; and without the so express assurance that the said Queen my good sister had given of their honourable treatment, which hitherto has made me patient in awaiting it, I had sooner never have put foot there, nor had they dragged me there by force, as I protest once more that never shall anything but force and constraint make me stay here; and that if hereafter loss of my life happen through sickness I impute it to the defect of my lodging and to those who will keep me there with intention, it seems, to make me utterly despair for the future of the goodwill of the said Queen my good sister in matters of importance, since in so reasonable ordinary necessities I am so ill used and word is not kept with me.

To allege that the season of the year is already too advanced and the time too short to provide me with a new lodging, as if I had not had it before for want of instance, is to forget that when my secretary was there he spoke of it very earnestly to the said Queen my good sister and left a memorial about it at his departure with Mr. Walsingham. Since then, in short, both by my own mouth and by memorial which was delivered to him it was brought to his notice. Upon which they give me no other satisfaction than that the said memorial was delivered to you, M. de Mauvissier, and that the fault comes from your not having followed it up. I have, nevertheless, written to you about it several times and have myself solicited Sir Amias about it, so that there is no room for excuse in that respect.

As for the inconveniences of dislodging in this season, and for the provision it would be fitting to make, they had not such consideration the past year in making me leave Sheffield for Wingfield, and Wingfield for here in the middle of winter, and I being hardly capable of moving in my bed, which I had kept for nearly three months before.

This lodging, which had been uninhabited for the space of fifteen or sixteen years, was at that time prepared in less than five weeks; and such as then it might be, they did not omit to bring me here whether I would or no. However, I affectionately pray you both to follow up as actively and earnestly as you can in the name of the King my brother-in-law and on my behalf, my dislodgement out of this house, and the commodities which by the above you will judge necessary in the new one which shall be appointed for me. And dont stop if you please for any excuse put forward or fine words that they may give you, which can only have the effect of not satisfying or contenting in the matter. Insist also by all means, I pray you, for the passage to me of Monsieur de Cherelles, reminding the said Queen my good sister how it pleased her to grant me last winter whom each year I could cause to come here to give me an account of my affairs, as is most requisite and more than reasonable, especially seeing the condition in which they are at present by the attempts which are made daily upon my rights, and the troubles and hindrances offered me in the enjoyment of the little which remains to me of my dower, of which the third part and more has been already bit by bit taken and filched from me, and to apply a remedy and produce order therein without understanding at least—the particulars by a trustworthy person, which one knows well that neither my officers would be willing to undertake to write to me by letters which they know would pass through so many hands, nor should I myself wish to direct them so to do, to discover my intention.

There is not a criminal or abject prisoner to whom it is not permitted to hear an account of his private affairs and to provide for them at will, prisons having never been appointed for punishment of malefactors, but only for security and safe keeping. And it seems, on the contrary, that for me who am a sovereign Queen come into this kingdom to find a refuge upon assurance and promise of friendship, they would make me keep this prison to heap affliction upon affliction to the utmost extremity, as if it did not suffice that after sixteen of the best years of my life passed in such misery I have at last lost a leg and the power and health of the rest of my body, and received several blows at my honour, so still they persecute and injure me in every way they can in that which remains to me of good and commodity in this world.

Learn then if you please, gentlemen, whether the Queen my said good sister intends to treat me in future by condemning and confining to perpetual prison, as is indicated by the rigour used towards me, not wishing to discharge herself altogether of me by my liberty—of which according to the conditions which I had offered her, she will find more advantage than she will ever do my detention or death—not on the other hand to give me occasion to adapt myself to her satisfaction in captivity. My requests are not for pleasure, but of necessity, not against her security, but for her honour, and such in fine as I can say I have more than justly deserved. What encouragement to do better can it be to me to see myself, after the complete and voluntary voluntary submission to which I have addressed myself, treated more evilly and rigorously than ever, and more shewing in appearance and effect of illwill, suspicion, and distrust.

I had more servants at the Earl of Shrewsbury's than I have now when I have more need of them, especially in my chamber, because of the increasing of my maladies. When one reckons those whom I have dismissed or are dead, without having yet had any in their place, and this family of my embroiderer which is near its departure, the number of those I require will not exceed much, not even in quality, apart from the Countess of Athol, whom also I had asked for as a favour to have near to me here in this solitude, as I have already indicated, a companion worthy of my rank and of my age, as would be most requisite and seemly. Seton and my good Rallay have heretofore entreated there, in default of better, and I cannot imagine sufficient reason for refusing me in their place the said Countess, if it be not that it is feared that she may give me some consolation by bringing me news of my son: wherein, if there be any regard to humanity, I leave to the consideration of all those who have in truth experienced the love of parents for their children, so much strong in me that my distance from my son is accompanied by so strict an interdict on all intelligence between him and me, truly, even to hearing only of his estate and health.

I do not wish by the above to call to mind that the said Queen promised me last winter, that if the answer of my son to the letters I wrote him did not satisfy and content me, I should have permission to send to him to enlighten me more certainly of his intention concerning that which had been brought into doubt between him and me. However, up to the present it has been entirely refused and denied me without considering that thereby I am confirmed in the advertisement that Gray has heretofore given me, that on this side they seek nothing else than division and entire separation between me and my son.

As to the other servants I have asked for, as Fontenay and Thomas Levingston, I can see no solid ground for the refusal that is made me, if it be not as at other times the said Gray to his actual loss and the Countess of Shrewsbury have shewn me, that the true way to cause anything whatever to be denied me was to show that I held it agreeable, and that I must not expect to have anything except quite the contrary to what I desired.

They can only think it well that I should be served by English in order to make it more apparent that they hold me an entire foreigner in their regard. At least I ought to be allowed to make use of my own subjects, or of such French as I can like well and receive from their faithful service some consolation between these four walls, where being detained and observed so closely as they accustom me to be, I know what just suspicion can be conceived of them being once shut up here.

However, I pray you to prosecute very earnestly that I can cause to come here those whom I have asked for both from France and Scotland, according to the promise made to me by the said Queen my good sister with her own mouth, that I should have an increase and supply of servants, a promise confirmed to my secretary by Mr. Walsingham, and since in his name by Wood, having delivered it in writing to my said secretary: moreover by Sir Ralph Sadleir in fine being here; and lastly by my present keeper having in the same words assured me that I could cause to come from France and from Scotland such servants as seemed good to me, but English (servants) could by no means be allowed me. If they are in doubt that by the said servants that I ask for from France I may have news of affairs from that quarter, it is a vain apprehension; for I have nothing to meddle in there, and if I had any interest there it is very certain that those who could bear me good will and had compassion on my estate over there will never take one step forward or backward to be deprived of hearing my news, and I theirs. On the contrary, that would animate them the more, apprehending thereby my danger to be greater than, perchance, it is.

This is what for the present I have to impart to you on the sudden of the just discontent which abides with me at seeing myself so unworthily used and treated. Wherein hoping by your favourable intercession and good offices to find some remedy, I will only excuse myself for having importuned you with such trifles and particulars, being constrained thereto to make you understand in truth my condition here, however much they may disguise it from you. And while awaiting your much desired answer, I pray God to have you, messieurs, in His holy and worthy keeping.

6 large pp. French. Draft in Nau's hand. Indorsed by Nau. No flyleaf.

115. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [Sept. 6.]

The King is informed by Sir William Stewart, that Sir William Seton has advertised the French King by Curll that the banished lords are about to return to this country again.

The news troubled the King very much, which being perceived by Sir William, he presented him with a letter ready drawn by Arran to be sent to Lord Hunsdon; desiring the said lord to do what he could to stay the banished lords. The King signed the letter and sent it by Sir William to Kinneill, from whence it is to be conveyed to Sir John Selby, and so to Lord Hunsdon.

Sir William Stewart is well known to be a forger of tales to serve his own ends, therefore he [Wotton] will not condemn Sir John Selby on his evidence. Nevertheless, thought it right to advertise him [Walsingham] of the matter, in order that he might judge for himself.

The King desires him to advertise that the Commissioners for the matter of the Border shall be ready whenever the Commissioners for England announce their readiness; yet he thinks it would not be inconvenient if the Commissioners for the league ended likewise the Border-cause.

Writes this only at the King's desire, for as matters now stand it does not seem as if either the one or the other meeting would hold.

It is a wonder to many in Scotland who are friendly to England that he has not been recalled. Finds so little pleasure in this service and such small hope of doing good on account of the factions here and at home, and he is in such continual danger, that he fears that he will commit a fault by departing out of the country without leave. Stirling. Signed: Edward Wotton.

1 p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

116. Sir Amias Powlet to Walsingham. [Sept. 7.] C.P., vol. XVI.

His letters dated the 31st of August came to his hands on the 2nd of this month at one in the afternoon.

After he had made a copy of this Queen's demands he had access to her during the evening, which he procured more easily, because he knew that she took it thankfully when her letters are delivered with expedition, but especially because he thought his message would be acceptable to her.

First, according to his directions, he declared to her her majesty's thankful acceptation of his last letters, and assured her of the Queen's princely intentions towards her if she continued in such good sort.

All this was taken in very good part. Thereupon he delivered the several answers to her demands, wherewith she was so grieved that she broke out further into her accustomed complaints, declaring with many tears that the deeds did not fulfil the fair words spoken to her. She found that what the Countess of Shrewsbury had always said to her was true, namely, that do what she would, she would never be trusted. She concluded by saying that she would never accept words instead of deeds again as long as she lived.

The cause of this great dislike is the refusal to allow the Countess of Athol to attend upon her; that Fountenay's passport is not sent herewith, for whom she had written expressly by name, and therefore she thinks the answer to that article imports a denial of his coming to her; and lastly, the excusing of Cherelles repairing to her at this time.

She says that Fountenay is not permitted to come to her, lest he should make her acquainted with her son's inclination towards her.

She said that she would write to the Queen in some earnest, but he begged that she would suspend her judgment until she had considered the matter at length and with no passion.

In the end she concluded that he should write that she accepted the articles touching her money, and that she would not be beholden for the rest.

Asked this Queen what she thought of her removal to Mr. Cavendish's house. She answered that it was not sufficient for her and for him. Answered that a little room would serve his turn, and that she and her company would be well provided.

She expressed her dissatisfaction with her present lodgings and refused to believe that they would be renovated. Offered to give up his apartments to her, but she said that they were too cold, which was indeed true. He could be lodged at the other end of the house, though not so fitly for the service of the castle, yet enough to serve all turns.

The windows of his room overlook the park, the town and a wide stretch of the country, also the road leading from the town to the castle, by means of which it would be easy for the Scottish people to have intelligence with those abroad. The danger of escape by these windows is evident unless they are watched day and night.

Moreover, now, his wife, himself and others must pass through the room where the Queen's gentlemen and ladies dine and sup, so that the whole company except the Queen and Pierrepoint are seen every day, a necessary matter in his simple opinion, and a means of safety for the government. One whole day having passed, and having heard nothing from this Queen, and understanding that she was busy writing, he prayed to have access unto her, and told her that he should be very sorry for her wilfully to lose the benefit of the reconciliation between her majesty and herself. Begged her to be temperate, and to recognise the fact that her majesty could not allow Cherelles or Fontenay to come to her out of France until the troubles there were appeased. She would only do herself grave harm by her passionate humour.

Said nothing about the Countess of Athol, because she insisted more upon the rest than upon her.

Was not able to appease her, however, and she continued to utter reproaches with many tears.

The Queen alleges that she has been carried for her recreation, ordinarily to a little park half a mile distant from this castle. But she has forgotten to advertise that out of that little park she has been taken three times at least into another park, where she has coursed and hunted, and when she was farthest away she was little less than two miles from the castle.

Has received his directions about perusing the Queen's letters.

Postscript.—Prays that the letter of assistance to Mr. Bagot may be sent as soon as possible.

The Queen of Scots prays that her letters to her officers and ministers in France may have free passage, being well content that they should be perused. Tutbury. Signed: A. Poulet.

5 pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

117. Sir Amias Powlet to Walsingham. [Sept. 8.] C.P., vol. XVI.

Sir, having received with your last letter, dated the 4th of this month, two packets for this Queen, you write that you had perused the one coming from the new ambassador, but had not seen the other from Mauvissière.

The truth is that I found Mauvissière's letters to this Queen open, the other letters were addressed, one to myself, another to Nau; and the residue to inferior persons, containing no matter worthy of relation.

Mauvissière in his letters to this Queen makes mention of her son's constancy in religion, and of his earnest profession of amity towards her majesty.

I trusted that those packets would have wrought some alteration in this Queen, and in her letters to her majesty and other ways, but Nau repairing to me with her packet, says that her discontent is increased.

Nau was then sent by this Queen to pray me to come unto her. I found her marvellously incensed with this message from the French ambassador touching her son, saying that she is spoiled of her son by violence, and that she is not suffered to have any intercourse with him. I answered her that Mauvissière had evidently written his own opinion without direction, and that her majesty could do no less than accept her son's amity, seeing that they were such near neighbours. She would not be satisfied, but cried vengeance against her enemies.

I thank you greatly for Captain Williams' letter. Tutbury. Signed: A. Poulet.

1½ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

118. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [Sept. 11.]

It is very true that the Master of Gray is in great danger of his life if Arran once recovers the King's presence, yet he cannot excuse the part he played at St. Andrews, his own conscience accusing him at least of levity.

The Master of Gray, however, has now very honestly returned to his old course, and clearly sees his own ruin if her majesty should not hold to him. If Arran returns to Court he will not only wreck the Master of Gray, but the Secretary and Justice Clerk in whatsoever course they may be.

The Papists of Scotland, England and France have been, and are still very busy in giving out reports, which it is not necessary to believe, though it is meet that they should be harkened to in some sort.

Their principal object is to turn her majesty against the league with Scotland, which league they fear above all other things.

Deals as little as he can with the Justice Clerk and the Secretary, having grown suspicious of all men; but unfortunately the cold dealing of England is likely to drive even the most constant to seek new courses for their own standing.

Arran is desirous of meeting with him [Wotton] and conferring with him, but he puts him off by alleging that he cannot do it without direction from her majesty. The man speaks so fairly that if his deeds were consistent with his words, he would consider him worthy of consideration. In his opinion either her majesty must deal frankly with the King, letting him understand that she trusts him thoroughly, notwithstanding the manifold reports she has heard of his unsoundness, or else she must use the other course. "La via del mero" is altogether unprofitable; for if he sees that her majesty does not go roundly to work he will undoubtedly fall into the old course.

Within two days will send word how far the King likes the consideration had upon the articles of the intended league.

The report of the lords coming put fear into the hearts of the proudest here.

It is rumoured that Morton does not agree with Arran. The King is informed that he is supported by England.

David Maxwell one of the Earl's chief counsellors has lately escaped out of the Castle of Stirling where he was a prisoner. Stirling. Signed: Edward Wotton.

1 p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

119. Walsingham to Edward Wotton. [Sept. 12.]

"Sir, theis distresseid noblemen growing now very weary of ther long restrainte and desyrous to imploye themselves in some action abroade, but understanding of late specially that Dunkreith their principall accuser is alreadye set at libertie, and Ecky Douglas, the man chardgid as the principall instrument that should have executid the pretendid conspiracy against the King's person, not so much as brought yet to any triall, but continued all this while in prison, who yt is likely should not be nowe unexecutid yf the pretended fact had ben found true, do very earnestly caule upon hir majisty that she will no longer staye them, but allowe that they may bestowe themselves at their own charge, some in the service of the King of Navarre and some elswhere in other servyces."

"Which their request hir majestie's pleasure is you should let the King understand that though she must of hirself have yeldid unto by lisencing them to passe fourth according to ther desier, yet hath she for the regarde she beareth to him forborne to do the same, untill he weare first made acquaintid withall, praying him to yeld to one of their two requests at hir entreaty, though she be daily importunid by them, being very sory to see them greevid with the blemishe and dishonour they think to receave in the opinion of the world by ther so long restraint, as a thinge that workethe a kynde of condempnatyon. But that which she doth chiefly desier should take place is that according to the advice she hath ever given him, he woold receyve theim into grace, being for hir part fully persuadid in conscience that howsoever theis noblemen weare perhappes caryed with a desier of revendge against some about him, by whom they thought themselves injuryed, yet towards himself they never meant otherwyes then as becam faithfull, loyall and dutyfull subjects. And so I commit you to God." At Nonesuch, the 12th of September 1585.

¾ p. Draft. Indorsed.

120. Directions to Sir Amias Powlet. [Sept. 13.] C.P., vol. XVI.

"The heades of a letter unto Sir Amyas Paulett."

As the Queen of England doubts that the coldness of Tutbury Castle may increase the Queen of Scots' sickness, she would have him see Chartley, the Earl of Essex's house, which is large and strong, in respect that it is environed with water, and certify how he likes it. Is to let the Queen of Scots understand that all the packets she hereafter sends to France must be directed to the writer, and not to the new French ambassador. Order is given to the Bishop of Glasgow that such letters as he shall send from France shall be delivered to Mr. Stafford. A letter shall be sent specially to Mr. Bagot to assist him in case of necessity.

1⅓ pp. Indorsed.

121. Elizabeth to Sir Amias Powlet. [Sept. 13.] C.P., vol. XVI.

We find as well by a letter written to ourself from the Queen your charge as by yours to our Secretary, that she has entered into a very strange passion upon the denial of our permission to allow certain persons to repair unto her. This quarrel, grounded upon so slight a cause, arouses our suspicions.

We think it meet that you should let her understand that we found it strange that there should be so great an alteration in her, having written not long before in so loving a strain to us.

This gives us just cause to suspect that the repair of those persons carried some other meaning than the private use of them about her person.

Whereas she charges us with breach of promise, you shall show her that we never entered into any treaty with her, but there was discovered some notable treason against us, practised either by herself, or by those that depended on her.

With regard to the wicked practice discovered to have been made against our person by Morgan, one of her chief servants, our subjects were so incensed that we had much ado to prevent them calling her in question. Therefore, considering the great benefits she has received from us, she should not enter into such a vehement passion on so slight a pretext.

We are not so weak or our experience so little that anybody's advice can carry us from that which shall be agreeable to reason and honour.

Let her understand that if any other Prince besides ourselves had received the wrong which we have received at her hands, she would not have been in case to have complained of the matter.

3½ pp. Draft. Indorsed. Altered in Walsingham's hand.

122. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [Sept. 13.]

[Copy of the first part of No 123.]

1 pp. Indorsed.

123. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [Sept. 13.]

Upon the receipt of his letter dated the 5th of this month he procured an audience, and laid open to the King her Majesty's considerations upon such of the articles as had been altered from the original copy.

After long debate the matter was concluded, and it was decided that the eleventh article, for the delivery of the rebels, should pass with that clause to which her majesty had added it, namely, that any parties demanded as rebels should first be successfully proved to be rebels.

Likewise he agreed that none of the other articles should be altered from the original. The King has granted this upon condition that her majesty, according to her offer, promises him by means of a signed letter to do nothing to the prejudice of his title "pretended"—for he is content that this word should be added—until by his unkind usage towards her he shall justly deserve the contrary.

His majesty's commissioners for the league shall have authority to determine Border causes, and for that purpose their bills on this side shall be prepared against the meeting at Berwick; which he wishes may be on the 30th of this month.

Has had diverse great conflicts with the King about the banished lords, and can do them no good.

The King's answer concerning them is very cold, as can be seen from the inclosed letter.

It is reported that one John Chesham is taken in England; and that 20,000 crowns sent by the Duke of Guise have been intercepted. One Mowbray, commonly called the Laird of Barnbogle, is shortly being sent to England by Arran. He [Walsingham] will do well to watch him, as it is credibly advertised that he carries letters from some of the nobles here to be conveyed to the Queen of Scots.

He shall receive, herewith, the King's letter to her majesty signifying his consent to her consideration upon the altered articles. Stirling. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

Postscript.—The King's answer touching the lords is so meagre, that he [Wotton] could be easily brought to suspect that he only wants to gain time, and to avoid the present danger which he thinks will arise if a violent course is used.

This morning a proclamation was made that all men, in certain provinces of this realm, between sixteen and sixty years of age, should be ready to go with the King or his lieutenant to the Borders; they think that this will terrify him from sending down the lords.

1 p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

124. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [Sept. 15.]

Notwithstanding the fair promises made here, he can promise no fair dealing.

One Alexander Erskine has arrived with letters from the Duke of Guise to the King, to whom he has daily access. Though the King has shown him the letter, which contains nothing but a general recommendation of Erskine, yet he is informed that the Duke of Guise has given some secret credit, and that the King harkens well to it.

The Jesuits are making a great stir in the north part of the country; they say mass openly and lead great numbers of people to visit chapels and relics here and there, to the great scandal of all honest men in this realm.

In spite of all this, and of all the promises that have been made him, nothing has been done towards their apprehension. It is certain that they brought 10,000 crowns with them from France.

Secretary Maitland grows very cold in the matter of the league; disallowing divers articles of which formerly he approved. He announces that, even if the King consents to the league, as the articles are now drawn up, neither he nor any of the nobility will agree to it.

The matter of the King's title is the thing which most offends him and many of the other nobles. They say that it is not sufficiently provided for, unless in an article of the league her majesty promises expressly to set down to do nothing to the prejudice of his title without adding the word "pretended." Cannot tell whether this opposition comes from a desire to strengthen the King's title, or because by this means they think to overthrow the league.

The Master of Gray remains firm and sees no safety for himself but through England's help. The country greatly desires the incoming of the lords. They promise marvellous things if her majesty will but support them. Stirling. Signed: Edward Wotton.

1 p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

125. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [Sept. 16.]

Has received from Lord Scrope his letter dated the 4th of this month, and according to the tenour thereof has moved the King that Farnihurst may be sent to the place where the Commissioners shall meet for the trial of the murder of the late Lord Russell, to the end that he may be examined on the matter.

The King has agreed thereunto.

He writes that her majesty could have wished that he had taken the King's offer at the first, when he promised the delivery of Arran and Farnihurst. It may please him, however, to remember that the King offered to deliver Arran into England, upon this condition, if the Queen would require him, which she never yet resolved to do, for anything that he could gather from her letters.

For his part, he did not a little wonder at it, for if the Queen had seised upon the King's promise and demanded Arran, the King would have been forced to bring matters to a head, without the loss of so much time. Nevertheless, the matter standing as it does, he will urge the delivery of Arran in case he is found guilty.

Received his letter, dated the 10th of this month, yesterday, from which the Master of Gray received no small comfort.

If the plot laid down by the Master of Gray be followed with convenient speed, it is likely in his humble judgment, to work a very good effect divers ways.

The French faction are busy trying to divert the King from England, and to turn him to the old and tried friendship of France—as it was termed.

The King, after he listened quietly to their discourse, imparted it to the Master of Gray, who so wisely confuted all the arguments that the King gave him his word he would never forsake England.

Cavailon, a servant to the Duke of Lennox, has lately received a letter from Autragues, assuring the French faction that if they can hold good for six weeks they shall receive both money and men in such proportion that they will be able to overthrow the English forces.

He [Walsingham] may therefore perceive what danger the faction of Guise may work to the cause; and how needful it is by celerity to upset their plans. Stirling. Signed: Edward Wotton.

Postscript.—Begs him to consider how inconvenient it will be both for her majesty and himself, if he is here at the time of the attempt. Therefore begs that Mr. Milles may be sent to him at once.

1¼ pp. Partly in cipher. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed. Deciphered.

126. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [Sept. 18.]

Begs his favour in all his honest and lawful causes for the bearer, Mr. Fullerton. Stirling. Signed: Edward Wotton.

¼ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

127. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [Sept. 18.]

Sir, I have sent your honour one packet already this morning. This is only to accompany the Master of Gray's letters.

I have no other matter to write of, except that the King has declared unto me this day that he has granted a remission to James and Archibald Douglas, bastard sons to the last Earl Morton. He desires me to advertise it, because he thinks that it will be well taken in England. In his opinion the Queen of England has a right to be offended, because men who are in one predicament obtain grace with the King, and the lords can find none.

The Queen may likewise with great reason be offended at the delay in summoning the Commissioners for the trial of the murder of the late Lord Russell, by which may be perceived the small desire which these men have to do justice in the matter. Stirling. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

²/3 p. Partly in cipher. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

128. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [Sept. 18.]

Sir, the French influence is so strong here that it will be hard to stop it unless the plot set down by the Master of Gray [ ] (fn. 3), and that speedily; otherwise it is to be feared that Morton and others in this country, who are friends, will seek to make their peace as best they can for their own safety. I think that if this plot is followed, the Queen will have both the King and Scotland at her devotion in spite of France and the Duke of Guise. Otherwise the Queen will be certain in a few weeks to have this country full of Frenchmen, according to Cavailon's information, whereof I wrote to you in my last letter.

The French faction are marvellously cheerful, and make out that they have won the goal, if by fair words they can prevent the coming of the lords for a while. Arran assures the King that the Queen of England dares not break with him, as she had greater need of his friendship than he of hers.

To trust to the league, unless the lords may be restored, is in my judgment, to trust to a rotten staff. The French faction with their credit and power about the King will be able to make him break it, when they shall see it will be most advantageous to themselves and hurtful to the Queen of England.

I have acquainted the King with the contents of your honour's letter dated the 12th of this month, touching the banished lords. His answer is that he desires that they may be restrained until the league is concluded, then either he will make them more liberal offers, or he will be content that her majesty should send them either into Germany or France. I am informed that the King has no intention to restore them, but he wishes to gain time, and so holds them out with dilatory answers.

Although the Queen stands by her promise to the King, in my opinion, seeing that he, first, broke his with her by enlarging Arran, she is discharged of hers. Moreover, promises are not kept longer by Princes than the cause of the promise continues.

The cause which moved the Queen to make such a promise was the good opinion which she had of the King's sound meaning towards her; whereof she now has good reason to doubt, considering how coldly he has proceeded both in the matter of the Highlanders' revocation and in the apprehending of the Jesuits; and likewise the King hearkens to those who are sent from the Duke of Guise.

Concerning the delivery of Farnihurst, I believe that both the King and Arran would be content for him not only to be delivered, but to be hanged.

I am informed that the King has given Arran a secret commission to apprehend anyone whom he suspects.

One Captain Gugin, otherwise called Captain Daulton, having spoiled divers Scottish ships, was set upon the other day by Scottish ships well armed for the purpose, and was slain, and his men taken and brought into this country. Stirling. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

2 pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed. Chiefly in cipher. Deciphered.

129. Lord Scrope to Walsingham. [Sept. 18.]

Has heard from a secret friend that yesterday information was to be brought to the Earl of Morton concerning the preparing and making ready of two strong ships at the town of Ayr; thought to be for the conveying away the King and Arran.

The owners of the ships are said to be Robert Jameson and George Lokeard, and they are very well appointed with men and munition. Thought good to send word of the same, having sent a messenger to Dumfries to gather more particulars.

Morton has lately committed to close ward his own brother Maxwell and one other confederate with him, for their secret dealings with Arran.

This greatly grieved Morton, though it is said that he treats his own brother more hardly than the other. Carlisle. Signed: H. Scrope.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

130. Justice Clerk to Walsingham. [Sept. 20.]

"Haiffing fund at all tymes your honors guid will not on lye to extend in my particulare, bot also being accustumed to importune yew such tymes with the suittes of my frendis, I have at this present takin the bauildness to recommend the berare, Adame Fullertoune, and his honest actionis unto your honors protection quheke he hes to suit in England, that by your countenence he may resave such ressonable favore as the equitie off his cause and suche ane frendis suit meritis, not doutting bot your honors accustumat faivor till all my contryemen ait this tyme to the berar for my cause sall nothing be impederit quhan in your honor sall have me the more bound to do you service in the lyke or greitter."Stirling. Signed: The Justice Clerk.

½ p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed: "On the behalf of Adam Fullerton."

131. [Walsingham] to Sir Amias Powlet. [Sept. 21.] C.P., vol. XVI.

The Queen of Scots has lately written a very passionate letter to the ambassador containing many complaints of the house.

Her majesty, considering that the Earl of Essex's house will probably be disliked on account of the water, has thought of Sir Walter Aston's house as a fit place for the Queen.

It is intended to borrow it from him, and Beauregard, Lord Paget's house, lent him to lie in.

Her Majesty's pleasure is that he [Powlet] should view the said house, using all possible speed.

¼ p. Copy. Indorsed.

132. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [Sept. 22.]

Sir, this morning the King desired me to inform Lord Scrope that the Commissioners would be ready to meet with England on the 28th of this month. Since which time, having despatched my letter to Lord Scrope, the King sent word that the Commissioners could not be ready until the 4th of next month, whereof I have also advertised Lord Scrope.

What their object is in this delay, I do not know, but I suspect that they mean to delay as long as they can, in order that their forces may be ready before [ ] (fn. 4) For my part, I do not look for any good to be done by the Commissioners, and therefore I wish that what is meant to be may be speedily accomplished.

Arran breaks his pretended word at his pleasure and rides up and down where he likes. Yesterday he had a long conference with Secretary Maitland, Sir Robert Melville, and Montrose, within a quarter of a mile from this town, at an abbey called Cambus Kenneth. From there he rode to the Castle of Doune where Farinhurst is in ward, and there remained all night; and this day it is thought that he is to meet secretly with [ ] (fn. 4) at the Master of Livingston's house.

I am informed by a gentleman of good credit, that [ ] (fn. 4) once spoke of one James Murray of Poways, saying he knew him to be an honest man, but he loved the course of England too well.

These words and other things that have fallen out here of late make me greatly suspect the King's attitude towards England. The Master of Gray finds himself driven into a great strait, for the King presses him greatly to meet with Arran, and threatens that unless he does, he will have just cause to suspect him.

Gray informs me that he will avoid doing it, and will hold good for fourteen days.

Hitherto I have related other men's speeches and opinions, rather than give my own advice, but now matters go so badly that I must needs conclude that no good can be done here, but by the way of violent courses, which being used you may bring even the proudest of us to our knees.

Justice Clerk still continues very firm, and will not be brought to agree with Arran.

I am advertised that Arran is in great fear, and has prepared two ships on the west sea. Stirling. Signed: Edward Wotton.

1½ pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed. Partly in Cipher. Deciphered.

133. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [Sept. 22.]

Though England is slow in making up its mind, Arran and his faction are not sleeping. They are now gathering all their forces, and within three or four days they mean to come to court and possess themselves of the King, in spite of the Queen of England. If Arran does this, he intends to retire to the Borders in order to safeguard his life, which is in great danger.

When every man carries a pistol at his girdle, as they do in Scotland, it is an easy matter to kill a man through a window or door, and not be able to discover who did it.

It is no use to say that he is an ambassador and privileged, for even regents and Kings have been subject to their violence.

Would not be so resolute to start if he could do her majesty any service by tarrying; but finds the King so much under the influence of Arran, and he himself so much hated, that he cannot hope to negotiate to any purpose so long as Arran is in court.

If the Queen of England would send the lords, they would be able to work wonders and to remedy all inconveniences; if the Queen does not do it, this country will be clean lost, and her friends ruined.

Sees no other hope for England except in this course, the King being young and easily carried away.

The Master of Gray is still very sound, and is in great danger if Arran comes to court.

The Commissioners for the trial of the murder of Lord Russell are appointed to meet on the Border on Tuesday the 28th of the present month. Stirling. Signed: Edward Wotton.

1 p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed. Partly in Cipher. Deciphered.

134. Sir Amias Powlet to Walsingham. [Sept. 23.] C.P., vol. XVI.

This Queen was so desirous to be removed, that she could not be satisfied until she had spoken with him after his return from Chartley. Told her his opinion, wherewith she was greatly quieted. She would be very well lodged there. Tutbury. Signed: A. Poulet.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

135. George Young to James Hudson. [Sept. 23.]

Has seised the opportunity to make use of the bearer to send him his excuses, which he hopes he will find sufficient cause for his long silence.

Wishes that he had better occasion to assure him of the state of things. Is in good hope, however, and trusts to send more in his next.

Recommends the bearer to him. Stirling. Signed: G. Young.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

136. Sir Amias Powlet to Walsingham. [Sept. 24.] C.P., vol. XVI.

Being required by his letters of the 13th of this month to view Chartley, Lord Essex's house, and to certify his opinion touching the same, thought good to send to Mr. Richard Bagot to pray his assistance in this journey, desiring him to make an exhaustive examination.

As the house was twelve miles distant it was impossible to accomplish the matter in a day, but he did not doubt that his wife and servants would yield a good account of this charge.

Having repaired to Chartley in the company of Mr. Richard Bagot, he found the house sufficient to receive both the households, though somewhat straitly; more especially as the Queen's special servants required separate lodgings—a very unreasonable matter in his opinion.

The water which surrounded the house is so deep that it served as a strong wall, except that it was narrow in some places.

The house had one great advantage, namely, that owing to the abundance of water, the Queen's laundresses could be lodged, and work within the gates.

One disadvantage could not be overcome, namely, that the nearest house for the lodging of the soldiers was a quarter of a mile distant from Chartley.

There was a lack of hay, which would be an extra charge for her majesty.

It would be cheaper to have coal from Beaudesert.

Sir Walter Aston met him at Chartley and promised his assistance.

Wood could be obtained from the trees in Chartley Park.

Following his directions he signified to this Queen her majesty's pleasure touching the packet coming from hence, to be sent hereafter into France, to be directed unto him, and not to the new French ambassador, and that order was given that such letters as the bishop of Glasgow should send out of France should be delivered unto her majesty's ambassador there.

It would be difficult to express the Queen's anger at this message. Her letters would be shown, as in time past, to her enemies the Countess of Shrewsbury and others; she would not be separated from her union with the King of France; he was her ally, and she was under his protection.

His ambassador was especially appointed to have care of her, and she knew that he would not like to bear that she might not use his ministers as heretofore. She could see plainly that her destruction was sought, and that her life would be taken from her one of these days.

Told her that he could see no just cause why she should be so incensed over this matter, her letters to and from France being likely to find more free passage than in time past. The thought that she would be destroyed was a foul and wicked slander, and she could do no good to herself by such thoughts.

The indisposition of this Queen, and the great pain in her legs, was of no small advantage to her keeper.

He desired Mr. Bagot's speedy assistance as he had already received a touch of gout. Tutbury. Signed: A. Poulet.

5 pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

137. James VI. to Elizabeth. [Sept. 24.]

"Richt excellent, richt heich and mytie princesse, our dearest suster and cousine, in our hartiest maner we recommende us unto you. The prosocutwin of this gude course of inward amitie, so farre advancit beteuix us, and so weill lyked of be all our weill affected subjectes hes gevin the meaner sorte of thaime, quha thir yeiris by gane by many spoylis and piraceis, have found contrarious effectis, some hope of seurer trade and better restitution nor heirtofoir upoun thair lawfull pruiffis culd be obtenit, off the quhilk nomber the spoylis and roberries comitted in the yeir of God 1578, by Englishe piratis, upon some very honest traffiqueris of our ships of Air and Irelburg, well proven before your admiralitie twa yeir thairefter and immediatelie reportit to your Privie Counsale, hes by the parties humble supplication obtenit of us this point, to requeist yow, as we do very earnistelie, that this bearer, Adame Foullertoun, chosin by thame to prosecute that cause, as best acquented with the merites thairof, may be our commendation finde that favor with yow, as upoun gude instructioun of his sute, extracted furth of your juges buikis, he may have immediat redres, ather be the fynes appoynted to be levied to that end, or be sic uther meanes, as he sall best devyse to his convenient dispeshe, and gude contentment to the parties interessit.

This, for that it precedit the commoun cause querin this bearer delt before, and was persewit and provin apart be him, we man recommende it specially unto yow, to be tane ordor with, as ye sall finde the merit thairof, and the respect of amitie to requyre. And this, richt excellent, richt heich and mytie Princesse, our dearest suster and cousine, we commit yow the protectioun of the Almychtie. From our castell of Sterling, the 24 day of September 1585, and of our regne the nynetenth yeir."

Signed: "Youre most loving and affectionatt brother and cousin, James R."

½ p. Broadsheet. Addressed. Indorsed.

138. James VI. to Walsingham. [Sept. 24.]

"Trusty and weil belovit we greit you harteie weil. The steade and favor quhilk the place ye occupy may furnishe to the exspeeding of this beareris sute quhilk he hes to our dearest suster the quene yor soverane hes movit us to recommende the same particulerlie unto you, and to request you, as we do earnestlie, that be your meane, he may finde convenient gude redres, and satisfactioun, alsweil in the generall cause he hes in handies, as in some his particulerie, quhilk he is to acquent you with, as we sall prove the lyke affected to equitie and justice in subjectis caussis of that realme recommendit to us be our said dearest suster, or her ministerie.

Swa resting ye will do in it, for our commendationis sake, as ye will do ws acceptable pleasure, we committ you to Goddis gude protectioun. From our castell of Stirveling, this 24 day of September, 1585." Signed: "Your loving friend, James R."

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

139. Sir John Maitland to Walsingham. [Sept. 24.]

"Right honorable sir, this bearer Adame Foullertoun having obtenit his hienes lettre to her majestie for certaine spoylis and piraceis querin he is authorisit to deale as he will let yow mair particulerlie understand, I have tane occasioun to recommende him to yow, as honest and a favorer of all gude caussis, requeisting yow in that respect to further him, as ye may lefullie, to his intent, and let him finde intill it some favor for my cause, quhome he sall have alsready, and weill willing to pleasur any of your people, reparing with your commendatiouns to thir partis. Sua, resting at my right harty commendatiouns, I commit you to Goddis gude protectioun: from Sterling Castell, this 24 of September 1585."Signed: "Your very asseured freind to be commandit, Jo. Maitland."

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

140. Walsingham to Edward Wotton. [Sept. 24.]

Sir, your letters of the 11th, 13th, 15th and 16th would not have remained so long unanswered, if I could have sent to you any certain resolution concerning the points upon which you desired direction. I am not ignorant how greatly it troubles you to see us vary in our course as we are now doing.

I can well judge of your grief, as I was subject myself to the same feeling, when I held a like place and charge to what you now hold.

Touching the contents of your letter dated the 11th, I am sorry that the Master of Gray should be in such peril, for I cannot believe that he ever had any intention of not dealing soundly, though, perhaps, to content the King by furthering Arran's liberty, he gave just cause of suspicion, because the same was done without the knowledge of his colleagues.

The rumours spread abroad by the Papists both here and there, touching the King, I assure you are not without foundation, for he does but dissemble in point of religion, whatever he professes to the contrary.

You did well to refuse to speak with Arran, who is cunning and doubledealing, and therefore like the King his master, for so the Queen of England now thinks of them both.

The Queen is offended with Arran's friends for employing the agent whom you know.

Touching the contents of your letter dated the 13th, her majesty has given orders for the Lord President and the Lord Evre to put themselves in readiness to repair to Berwick. But the day is not yet settled; for it is thought right that we should first see what redress they will make for the outrage and disorder; for unless they yield satisfaction her majesty cannot with honour proceed with the treaty. The King's answer to your mediation on behalf of the lords shows how little affection is born towards us, which is not to be wondered at when messengers pass between the Duke of Guise and the King, as it appears from your letter of the 15th, and also because the Jesuits prevail so greatly in the north, which plainly shows the King's and Arran's affection and what course they intend to pursue.

The coldness that you have also noticed in Secretary Maitland touching the league, who recognises the King's attitude, may be added to the rest of the arguments to move us to conceive but doubtfully of the good meaning which is outwardly professed. Upon receipt of your letter dated the 16th, I satisfied her majesty touching that point which concerned the demand of Arran and Farnihurst. We, here, cannot believe that Farnihurst would be delivered, seeing that Arran's credit is as great as it is, and that Farnihurst is one of his principal dependents.

Antrague's letter to Cavalion and "23's" persuasion used towards the King to run the course of France, force us to look more carefully into the danger which may ensue thereby, for before we were carried away with a hope that the league would have made everything secure.

4 pp. Draft. Altered in Walsingham's hand. Indorsed.

141. Sir Edward Stafford to [ ]. [Sept. 24.] Cott. Calig., C.VIII., fol. 337 b.

Extract of letters touching Scotland.

The purpose of sending an ambassador into Scotland was hindered by reason that Pinart would have had his son to be employed thither, and the Bishop of Glasgow, a knight of the order, and one of quality.

[In the margin] "Advertised ye 24 of September 1585."

¹/8 p. Copy. No indorsement.

142. Walsingham to Sir Amias Powlet. [Sept. 26.] C.P., vol. XVI.

The Earl of Essex earnestly desires that no more wood be felled for the use of the Queen of Scots.

He is very loth that the Queen should be lodged at his house, and suggests the house of one Mr. Giffard, a recusant. Nonsuch.

½ p. Copy. Indorsed.

143. Sir Amias Powlet to Walsingham. [Sept. 27.] C.P., vol. XVI.

Although the Queen was informed that Chartley was surrounded by water, she did not dislike the idea; yet following his directions signified by his letters of the 21st of this month, which he received on the 23rd, he repaired the next day to Mr. Bagot's house, and from thence to Sir Walter Aston.

Sir Walter Aston prayed most humbly to be excused of the intended remove, against which he alleged the following reasons.

If he removed to Beaudesert he would have to sell his sixty kine, because there was no grass there; he would have to sell his ploughs, for which there would be no use; he would also have to set out his arable and pasture lands in the dead time of the year, when no one would take them.

If her majesty insisted, however, he was ready to obey, and if permitted he would retire to London with his wife and children and live there as he might.

The house was not well secured, though fairly sufficient.

Does not think it would be well to overthrow such a household in this infected shire.

Asks him again for Mr. Bagot's letters of assistance. Signed: A Powlet.

2½ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

144. Mary to Elizabeth. [Sept. 29.] Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 140.

Thanks her for the order she has given that she may change her dwelling. Nevertheless must persist in her other requests.

Complains that Sir Amias Paulet should not be permitted to correspond with the French ambassador.

Dwells on the cruelty in making her break off all relation with the King of France, who alone can protect and serve her as mediator with her [Elizabeth].

Assures her of her reasons for her ordinary correspondence with the councillors of England, and why the intervention of the French ambassador was required therein. Tutbury. Signed: Marie R.

1¼ pp. Holograph. Flyleaf has been cut away. (Printed, Labanoff, vol. vi., p. 227.)

145. Walsingham to Burghley. [Sept. 29.] Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 340.

He will perceive by the inclosed how her majesty is "but dallyed" touching the promised redress. Has conferred with the party who is to go down, and finds that any redress her majesty can desire may be wrought so long as no impediment grows from herself.

After the execution of the plot nothing is to be done without her advice, so that the party—whose safety her majesty tenders more of her goodness than his desert—shall have no cause to dread any peril that may grow by the change.

No Prince has had greater opportunity to work her own safety than her majesty. To reject her increases her own danger, and greatly discourages her faithful and best affected subjects.

Has informed the King of Navarre's agent of the success of Bodley's negotiation, and that her majesty, notwithstanding the coldness she finds in the Almaine Princes, means not to abandon the cause, nor yet to suffer them to slumber in their security, being resolved to employ a person of quality in soliciting them to look more deeply into the peril that may light on them if the King of Navarre should be suffered to perish for lack of assistance.

The agent is greatly satisfied with her majesty's care for his master's safety. He despatches one to him to-day by way of Rochelle, and means to advertise Chassincourt of her gracious disposition towards the said King, which, he said, will fall out in good season, considering how inwardly therewith his enemies are bent against him.

1 p. Copy.

146. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [Sept. 30.]

Understands from the Master of Gray that Mr. Archibald Douglas has written to him once or twice, wishing that the plot might rather be executed by some lords in this country, enemies to Arran, rather than by the banished noblemen. The Master of Gray answered that he would never give his consent to it, because most of the great men in this country who are enemies to Arran are young and good to follow, but not to lead an enterprise.

The King is collecting 3000 horsemen, 1000 bowmen from the Highlands, and 300 harquebusiers, and intends to go in person against Maxwell [written over, Earl of Morton] upon the 20th of October; he will find it harder work to assemble these forces than he believes.

The Master of Gray wishes that some special messenger may be speedily sent to Maxwell to reassure him, in order that he may not be dismayed at the news of the King's coming, for otherwise he might be frightened and driven to some new resolution.

The King is fully resolved to receive Arran into his presence before the 10th of October, and commanded the Master of Gray to tell him [Wotton] that within two days he means to discharge himself of his promise made to her majesty touching Arran, and that he intends to make Arran one of the commissioners of the league, so that, as he was the beginner of it with Lord Hunsdon, he may also be at the conclusion of it.

The Master of Gray has not as yet received any support, neither will he receive any that shall come through Maxwell's hands. Desires that whatever shall be sent him may be very secretly conveyed to him.

Whereas the Master of Gray's friend writes that he fears the lords coming to the Border cannot be kept secret, the Master of Gray advises that they first, by the means of the Provost and Carmichael, prepare their friends to be in readiness against their coming; and that when they arrive they stay not on the Border, but travel as fast as possible, according to the arrangement of the plot.

The Master of Gray promises to hold good until his overture is rejected, in which case he will be forced to run some new course for his own standing.

He [Gray] means to write no more letters to his friend, because he now expects matters will be put into execution. Stirling. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

1½ pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed. Partly in cipher.

147. Mary to Walsingham. [Sept. 30.] C.P., vol. XVI.

Mr. Walsyngham, having been told by Monsieur de Mauvissière that you were about to absent yourself from court and take a journey to the Baths, I refrained all this time from importuning you by my letters. I have no doubt that you heard exactly what I wrote to the ambassadors of France as to my estate here, with which being very ill satisfied I must beg you to help me with your accustomed good offices, that I may have some better and more favorable answer about it, which I, for my part, have endeavoured to deserve by all sincerity in my behaviour towards the Queen my good sister, assuring myself that nothing can be objected against me to the contrary since our last treaty: therefore, in accordance with the promise that you made me upon that condition, I shall hope for your good help in my requests. Tutbury. Signed: Marie R.

Postscript.—Monsieur de Walsyngham, I have heard that one of the daughters of [ ] of Barneboughel has arrived in London with intent to come to serve me, upon the report that some women had been granted to me. If you think well to give her her passport, I will accept of her instead of one of the others for whom I had asked, in order to shorten the journey by so much, she having already come so far; as also for the need I have to prepare myself against this winter with women servants to relieve the sickly ones I have: and if thus you think it good, I will beg you to hasten her passport or her refusal, it being not seemly for one of her sex to remain in such a place without warrant.

¾ p. French. Holograph. Addressed.

148. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [Sept. 31.]

The well-affected to England are anxious to hear some speedy resolution touching the coming of the lords, and are in great danger through our delays.

Nothing has happened at this court since the writing of my last letter, saving that the coldness of the King towards England shows itself more and more plainly.

George Douglas is to be despatched to France immediately. He confessed to me that he means to visit the Duke of Guise. I cannot learn his commission, but it is certain that he is employed by the faction of the Queen of Scots.

Duntreth, lately, in a letter written by his own hand to the Lords of the Council, protests that whatsoever he confessed touching the banished lords is untrue, and that he falsely accused them to save his own life, being urged thereto by Arran. The King and Montrose storm greatly at it.

Lord Herries is now here, and is journeying to-morrow towards the Border to meet with Lord Scrope on the 4th of October. I cannot expect any good to ensue from this meeting, for whatsoever our side proposes the Scots will flatly contradict, so that in conclusion many will be perjured and no justice done.

Lord Herries gives out that Maxwell is desirous to be reconciled to the King, and will lay down arms if he may have liberty of conscience accorded him.

I hope that is but a device to persuade the King that Maxwell has no dealings with England. If Maxwell wavers your honour must impute it only to my abode in this country, which does very much harm, and makes men despair of the lords coming.

Angus M'Connell levies men to be transported into Ireland. I have advertised the King of it, and received fair words and promises that they shall be stayed, but in conclusion nothing is done.

There is one M'Clane who has a deadly feud with Angus and has lately slain many of his principal followers; he might be used to very good purpose against him.

I wrote at large my opinion to your honour about this man and this matter about a month passed, since when M'Clane has made an offer to me to serve her majesty against Angus either in Scotland or Ireland, and to reduce Shane O'Neill's sons, who are his near kinsmen, to her majesty's service; if he may be made her majesty's pensioner. He has at his disposal 2500 Highlanders; 200l. a year would satisfy him, and I think that it would save her highness 2000l. yearly.

Arran has not yet come to the court, but has promised the King to be received in his presence by the 10th of October. In the meantime, he rails at me in his letters to the King, saying that I am the falsest man that ever came into this country, and that I do nothing but abuse him; he therefore prays the King not to believe a word that I speak.

For my own part I do not care about Arran and his words, but he has so far prevailed that the King has conceived a very evil opinion of me, and therefore the Queen would do well to replace me by one who would be more gracious to the King.

In my simple opinion no ambassador could negotiate so well for her majesty as "28, 29, 30," therefore I wish they may come speedily, otherwise both the King and Scotland will be lost.

The plague has broken out in this country and in most of the large towns. Edinburgh and St. Andrews are almost devastated by the great mortality, and Dundee, Glasgow and many other towns so infected that it will be hard for the King to bring an army into the field, as his forces are drawn chiefly from the borough towns. Stirling. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

3 pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed. Partly in Cipher. Deciphered.

149. Walsingham to Edward Wotton. [Sept.]

Touching the request to do his best to remove from her majesty the hard opinion that she had taken of A. B. [Arran] grounded not only on the accident to Lord Russell, but also on sundry other advertisements, he says that it has been revealed to her majesty that Arran has sought to nourish an opinion in France among those hostile to this crown; that though the King pretends friendship, he really rests but hardly affected, being constrained, however, for his own safety on account of the discontent among his subjects to appear friendly to the Queen.

It is also not unknown how hard a hand he has carried towards those that have been profitable ministers for the nourishing of a good friendship between their majesties.

No King would have got more good will at home or reputation abroad, if he had not been misguided by the violent counsels of Arran. Therefore leaves to him to judge how dangerous an instrument Arran is at home, and how he seeks to interrupt the friendship between the two crowns.

A particular cause also moves him to forbear to do anything that may work either in her majesty or others a better conceit of Arran, and that is, his promise made to the friends and allies of the late Lord Russell to prosecute with all severity all that may be suspected to have procured his death, either directly or indirectly.

Must not forget to tell him that his efforts in this matter may injure his own credit.

2 pp. Copy. Indorsed.

150. Walsingham to Edward Wotton. [Sept.]

Her majesty does not like violent courses, and though she confesses the danger to be great which the Master of Gray laid before him [Wotton], yet she doubts if the remedy may not bring greater peril than the disease itself. Cannot deny that the course is most subject to peril.

The Queen of England is grateful to the Master of Gray both for laying bare the disease, and for propounding the remedy, and for being careful that the course profitable for both their majesties may not be interrupted by indirect practices. On account of his good will towards "C. D.," whose case is so desperate as to be almost hopeless, he could have wished that the remedy should be allowed as well for "C. D." as for the Master of Gray and his friends, whose peril, if Arran contrives to obtain "H. M." ear, will grow irreparable. From this would result the interruption of the happy course so much desired.

1½ pp. Copy. Indorsed.