Elizabeth I: volume 197, January 1597

January 1597

Vol. CXCVII. 1597. January—February.

Jan. 4. Dublin.

1. Sir Geffrey Fenton to Sir Robert Cecil. Sir John Norreys is going to re-victual Armagh. The force assigned to him is not strong enough to perform the service without great hazard. Tyrone's refusal to send victuals to Armagh. He will do all he can to impeach Sir John Norreys in his passage. Abuses in the pay of the army. Confident expectation of the coming of Spaniards. Sir Conyers Clifford has arrived, with Her Majesty's direction to be established Governor of Connaught. He will find all the submittees there stand fast. Ferdorogh O'Kelly, who fell a little into relapse, is long since come home again. High rank of the submittees. Their pledges of the best quality. Prays Sir Conyers may make as good an end with M'William. Connaught better conditioned at present than Leinster. Is sorry to see the envious writing against Sir John Norreys and himself. It belongs to them all to seek to redress the evils of the realm in a spirit of unity. Sir Richard Bingham purposely delays his crossing over to Ireland.— Dublin, 1596, January 4. Seal. pp. 2½.

Jan. 5. Limerick.

2. Advertisements from Spain by Thomas Mahown, David Fox, and others, merchants of Limerick. One hundred sail, with 16,000 men, departed from Lisbon, with two months' victuals on board, for Ireland, or, as some say, for the Isle of Wight. Of these two argosies, four gallions, and 20 Flemish hulks, with 4,000 men were lost; certain Irishmen lost with these vessels. The Adelantado, with the rest that escaped, is now at Ferrol. Two armies, to the number of 50 sail, from South Spain and from Biscay have joined the Adelantado at Ferrol. The fleet that came from the Indies has brought 21 millions for the King and the merchants of Seville. —Limerick, 1596, January 5. Signed. pp. 2.

Jan. 6. Dublin.

3. List of the forces for the expedition to Armagh. Touching the defence of the borders during the absence of those troops.— Dublin, 1596, January 6. pp. 2½.

Jan. 8. Kilmacthomas.

4. Henry Knowlis to William Parker. Incloses a letter for his brother, but, if he is away at Lady Bedford's, desires Parker to open it, and to receive the money on a certain bill of exchange.— Kilmacthomas, 1596, January 8. p. ½. Incloses,

4. I. Henry Knowlis to Richard Knowlis, at Kew. Sends a bill of exchange, concerning which he gives directions. Prays him to take pains in collecting money due to him in Warwickshire.— Kilmacthomas Castle, 1596, January 8. p. ½.

Jan. 10.

5. Proportion of powder, lead, and match to be sent by sea from the Tower of London to Dublin.—1596, January 10. p. 1.

Jan. 10. Kilmacthomas Castle.

6. Henry Knowlis to Sir Robert Cecil. Three or four weeks since there came to his house, from the north, Mr. Fawkner, the priest who brought with him an English gentlewoman, named Ann Wilmar, sister to the Wilmar that married the widow of Francis Throgmorton, who was executed. She has been waiting woman to the Earl of Tyrone's lady these four or five years Her intention is to go to England towards Easter next, when she expects a friend of hers to come to her from the north, but who it is he knows not. Will be acquainted before she goes, for he is purposely using all kindness to them at his own house, so that he may find out such things as may be advantageous to the suppressing of these notable rebels, whose pride and insolency is grown to that intolerable greatness, as never was the like in Ireland. About the time she takes her journey for England, Mr. Fawkner, and some other Irishmen of his coat, purpose to go into the north, and are wonderfully desirous to have the writer with them, to bring him to the Earl. Has put off their return till towards Easter. Asks Sir Robert's advice as to what he shall especially inform himself of. There are no drifts or intendments of the Earl, or his confederates, be they once uttered by them, but he can be made acquainted with them, for he knows their most secret agents in Ireland. They have promised him more favour at the Earl's hand than, by the grace of God, he purposes to deserve. But he will always keep the heart of an Englishman, true to his country, and ruin to those who practise its hurt. Has never left his house without either Ann Wilmar or the priest, and this has bred such a sound opinion of him in them, that he may ask what he wills, and learn it. Ann Wilmar has promised him that, whensoever he goes, he shall carry such secret commendations to the Earl's brother Cormack, and to one or two more of his brothers, and others, that he shall be not a little accounted of. Thinks that either she is married already, or else shall hereafter marry some one or other of that crew, and is now going over for her portion, which is in her brother's hands, and withal to see her mother, who is married to Mr. John Newport, of Welten, hard by Daventry in Northamptonshire. Wise she is, as most women, and greatly maintains the Earl in his actions, and no doubt knows as much of them as any other. By her speech it seems that he is not only to manage war in Ireland but likewise in England, when time shall serve. By this they mean when it shall please God to call the Queen, and that the Earl shall be a special man, who shall help to reform religion both in England and Ireland. When the writer is in the north, he will be better acquainted both with that and many other matters, and will inform Sir Robert more at large. But this he thinks will be by word of mouth, for Mr. Fawkner, at his return from the Earl, bends his course for England, to Mr. Mumford, the priest, who has been so long with the Earl, and is already there about some great matter. At Mr. Fawkner's coming to him, some great man is to be had out of England hither, and so from hence into Spain. As the writer will not be able to tell Sir Robert the whole "manage" of this course, except he make one in company, he thinks best to come himself, and the rather for that he would not have the one so dealt in in England, as that it should be a hindrance to the proceeding in the other here. And for that this journey will be long and chargeable, and the writer is not provided for it at this instant, by reason of the stay of traffic into Spain, and the great troubles withal, which cause all things to be so dead as a man can make money of nothing he has, he desires Sir Robert's assistance for supply of monies, both to bear his charge, and otherwise to use as occasion shall serve in so great a matter. Sir Robert is but little acquainted with him, but he will not require much. Sends copy of a recognizance for 160l., due to him in May next, which copy he took out of the office of the Rolls, at his last being in England. Offers to pass this money over to Sir Robert until he has some experience of the writer's true and faithful dealing. All he requires is to be supplied in the interim: he will expend the money in Her Majesty's service, and has no doubt but that he will so bring matters to pass, as to deserve a good turn at Her Majesty's hands and the thanks of Sir Robert. If the latter agrees, prays that the money may be paid to his brother or Mr. Parker [in London], but in such a way as to make them think that it is for some merchandize. Has nominated Mr. Becher in his letter enclosed, and wishes a bill of exchange to be made and sent therein, as though it were from Mr. Becher's man in Ireland. Desires all secrecy, as his life depends upon it. Therefore has sent the bearer, a simple fellow, who will use no words where he has been, and because he would not have his letters opened by the way, a thing commonly used by them that carry letters hence. Desires that the bearer may be returned with an answer as soon as possible, and may be given a passport, so that he be not stayed by the way; also, that he may have money for his journey back, if he wants it, for the writer gave him but 40s. in his purse, which is soon spent, if the wind serve not. Delays his journey only until he receive Sir Robert's answer.

Within these few days there came news hither that there should be a parliament holden at Dublin, and my Lord of Buckhurst and my Lord Chief Justice of England should come over, and that thereto should be called the Earl of Tyrone and the rest, as O'Donnell, &c., under Her Majesty's safe conduct, to lay open their griefs, and to have redress therein. And that Sir Richard Bingham should be sent over to be tried, whether he had committed such outrage upon the Irish, as is reported, yea or no, and that he should suffer for it, if he had; upon which the company here took occasion to speak their minds. First, they find that no doubt but the death of Sir Richard Bingham would be a thing acceptable to the Irish in general, but, for the appeasing of the Earl of Tyrone and the rest, it would work little effect or none; for they would rather laugh at it merely, to think how far they had brought Her Majesty to yield unto them, than anywise go about to reform that which they had begun; and, for coming to the parliament, they would never believe that the Earl for his part would ever come; for, said they, at such time as he accepted of Her Majesty's pardon, we heard him say that he had accepted of a pardon in such sort as the Queen and Council had granted it, "that is," quoth he, "to serve my own turn ; as they (I know) have done it to serve theirs ; but let me be hanged, and confusion come to all my posterity, if ever I trust either to pardon, or aught else that may be offered, for I know the Council of England to be arrant heretics and knaves, to whom there is no more credit to be given than to the veriest infidels in the world. I will therefore keep myself out of their fingers till time serve, and then peradventure they shall have more of me." This he spoke (as they say), and therefore they do presume that he will never come in upon any warrant. And besides they do allege that it is almost impossible for him now to come to any composition, but with the loss of all those who are now his greatest friends, which they are out of doubt he will never hazard for any good that may be expected from England, as the State now standeth; upon which they alleged many reasons too long here to repeat, but yet, after all, the writer might perceive that this news did something stir them, and that they stood upon thorns, till they were gone, as well to let the Earl understand what the minds of the great men are in these parts of Ireland, as also to put a "vye Inn" for reformation of religion, which this Queen must condescend to, or else there shall never be peace in Ireland; and that they flatly said, and no doubt but that shall be made to the outward shew the chief cause, for that it is a thing generally grateful to the whole country; but the only butt they shoot at, indeed, is to expel of might out of their country all foreign government, and to be governors themselves, which they are all persuaded shall or long be brought to pass, and no doubt their fingers do tickle till time serve them to be cutting all the Englishmen's throats in Ireland. Beseeches God in heaven to prevent them, and to turn the mischief they intend upon their own heads. Surely, if the writer were worthy to give advice, there should not one of them be trusted, but even as he would trust a dog with a bone; that is, he would either have their sons as pledges, or themselves in safe keeping ; for, before God, they will else play the knaves, and be gone out before the English are aware. The Earl of Ormonde has played the bugbear this winter amongst those that took the part of his nephews the Butlers, and has and will cut off between this and Candlemas next some half hundred of their heads, which has quailed all the rest that dwell here about, so that they dare not stir. But that will not last ever, and there is much policy in the world, and therefore when he [the Earl of Ormonde] had done punishing those whom he liked not, he should begin to make sure [of] the rest that were left, and so should this part of Ireland be quite out of hazard, and the Queen left no more to trouble her than those who are out already.

Touching other matters, is to let Sir Robert understand that old Parsons' kinsman that came over last, whose name is Parsons (but he goes by the name of Fysher) is gone over into England (this was before the writer's coming home for the winds were so contrary, that it was a fortnight after Michaelmas before he could set foot in Ireland), and has carried with him a great many of the books that are set out touching the succession to the Crown of England, and has left likewise a great many of them here. Much labour is made both here and there about the matter, and all [are] in favour of the King of Spain and his daughter, the Lady Infanta. There is another book expected, as soon as shipping can go to Spain, which shall in some sort prick forward men to take liking of the former. And, to make the proceedings that have been in England in the time of Her Majesty's reign seem odious to the view of the world, it shall come forth by the title of the History of England. The Cardinal meant it so, as the writer was told by one that did write the same to the Cardinal's dictation, and who is here with him, and has been in Ireland this twelvemonth. Cardinal Allen left some part to finish when he died, and this is taken in hand by Parsons, and will be brought very shortly, if it is not already, to the press, and so sent over, and through Ireland. It is thought best to bring it, because they come safest this way. There are two gentlemen here, that may expend 500l. a year each in Ireland, who are wonderfully forward in furthering these matters, and were at 40l. charge with young Parsons in sending him over to England in such sort as might be without suspicion. The Mayor of Waterford, so that young Parsons should go safely by Duncannon, the fort that Sir John Dowdall has in keeping, granted him his passport under his hand and seal, knowing full well what he went about, for he was made acquainted therewith by an Irish Franciscan friar, who lies continually in Waterford. If an officer of such a city, so much favoured of the Queen, undertakes such a thing, Sir Robert may think what the rest of the county will refuse to do, if opportunity serve them. Could certify other matters, but fears he has already been over tedious.—Kilmacthomas Castle, 1596, January 10. Endorsed:—" Received at the Strand, the 12th of February." pp. 4.

Jan. 12. Kilmacthomas.

7. Henry Knowlis to Sir Robert Cecil. Has made out the bill of exchange for 60l., but will require more, as he has to lend 30l. to the one whom he uses in this business. Offers further security. Was fifteen years under the Lord Chancellor at Holdenby. Cannot, by reason of the service he has taken in hand, openly connect himself with Sir Robert.

Since the writing of his letter [of the 10th instant], the gentlewoman at his house, Mrs. Ann Wilmar, has sent for her friend, whose name is Mr. Richard Browne (or at least he goes by that name), to come to her with all possible speed, because she will presently go for England. Her brother sojourns about Holborn, and her portion of money that she is to have of him is 200l. Sir Robert may do as he thinks best about staying her in England, or suffering her to go to Ireland again. But out of all question much good may be done by her means touching the Earl. Heard her say that she knew 10,000l. would have been given by the Queen to have known the Earl and his confederacy to have been where she had seen them. The Earl, it seems, is used to come into the Pale to some secret friend of his. That would be the best place in the world to apprehend him. When the writer goes there, he will better see the Earl's behaviour, and then knowledge shall be given accordingly. Mr. Fawkner and the rest think how to be going towards the Earl. Prays Sir Robert to speed the messenger back. States how he desires the bill of exchange to be forwarded.—Kilmacthomas, 1596, January 12. pp. 2.

Annexed:—Draft of the bill of exchange referred to.

Jan. 12. Dublin

8. Sir Henry Wallop to Burghley. His deputy, Charles Huet, sent over for the passing of his accounts, delayed in London. Prays that the authority to the Commissioners for taking his accounts may be given as usual, " according to equity and their discretions," and not worded " according to law and justice." For eighteen years past has laboured zealously and faithfully as Treasurer at Wars in Ireland. Has not enriched himself by means of his office. Declaration of his private estate.—Dublin, 1596, January 12. pp. 4½.

Jan. 14.

9. "A brief collection declaring by what commissions the particular Accounts of Her Majesty's Treasurer at Wars for the Realm of Ireland from time to time, either by instruction or commission, successively have been determined, from the thirty-second year of King Henry the Eighth unto the twenty-sixth year of the Queen's Majesty's reign that now is, with the names of the Commissioners, as by their several Accounts remaining with me of record appeareth." [Referred to in the preceding letter by Sir Henry Wallop.] Endorsed:—1596, January 14. pp. 7½.

Jan. 12. Mallow.

10. Sir Thomas Norreys to Sir Robert Cecil. Loss of the Spanish fleet at its entrance into Ferrol. Certain merchants of Limerick having lately arrived from Cadiz, he sends their report, and also some Spanish letters which they brought with them. [These latter are wanting.]Has dealt with a merchant, who has gone to Lisbon, to observe carefully the state of matters there. Has another man in readiness to employ as Sir Robert shall direct. Mr. Saxey, Chief Justice of Munster, has suddenly gone into England. Desires sterling pay for the thirty horsemen and their officers, annexed to the Presidency of Munster, as all others in Ireland have—Mallow, 1596, January 12. p. 1. Incloses,

10. 1. Advertisements concerning the preparations of the Spaniards to come into Ireland. The place determined for their landing is within the river of Limerick. Sir James Lindsay, brother to the Earl of Crawford, is lately come from Rome and departed from Cadiz for Scotland. He is the Pope's pensioner of 500 crowns a year. Presents to him from the Bishop of Boulogne, and the Abbot of St. Omer:—[1596-7]. p. 1.

Jan. 13. Moyallo.

11. Sir Thomas Norreys to Burghley. Recommending the sovereign and townsmen of Clonmel, by reason of their loyalty and dutiful carriage during the war time and ever since.—Moyallo, 1596, January 13. p. 1.

Jan. 13.Grange.

12. Gilbert Gardener to [?the Lord Deputy]. Had thought to have come to his Lordship, but O'Donnell, Teig O'Rourke, M'William, and others, are burning and spoiling the country towards Clanrickarde and Galway. It is reported they do mind to return by this way homewards. This kind of peace will breed no good to Her Majesty's subjects, and unless some speedy order be taken, they will be driven to leave—Grange, 1596, January 13. Copy. p.1.

Jan. 13. Dublin Castle.

13. The Lord Deputy to Burghley. The 16th of this month is appointed for the forces to meet at Dundalk, and thence to march to the relief of Armagh. Opposition of the Earl of Tyrone. Doubts the " piece " will be lost before the supplies come thither. Gives all the furtherance he can to the expedition. Only three companies left in the Pale. Prays for his speedy revocation. Encloses letters with news from Leinster.—Dublin Castle, 1596, January 13. pp. 1.½. Sends,

13. I. The Lord of Louth and Captain William Warren to [the Lord Deputy]. Captain Baker and Captain Guest made prisoners by Tirlogh M'Henry, the Earl's brother. Sent a messenger to the Earl. Bad practices at Armagh. The Earl is out of hope to recover it.—Newry,1596, January 1. Copy. p. 1.

13. II. Hugh, Earl of Tyrone, to the Lord of Louth and Captain William Warren. Has commanded severe punishment for the parties that offered them abuse on the 30th December. Will meet them on Monday next. Has given straight order that the two Captains should be enlarged.—1596, January 2. Copy. p ½.

13. III. The Lord of Louth and Captain William Warren to the Lord Deputy and Council. Met the Earl on Monday at Lissimon, six miles from the Newry. Send copy of letter from him. Their dealing with the Earl. He would by no means hear talk of Armagh. In other matters he was very reasonable. Obliged to remain at Newry. Armagh is yet safe, but they have great fears for it.—Newry, 1596, January 5. Copy. p. 1.

13. IV. Hugh, Earl of Tyrone, to the Lord Deputy, in answer to his of 12 December. The quantity of victual he consented that Captain Baker should convey to Armagh. Owen M'Collo M'Mahon was indirectly cut off, whence proceeded all the harms which M'Mahon and his adherents have done. The Lord Deputy to cause satisfaction to be made to the Earl of sundry preys and spoils taken in time of truce, a satisfaction ordered by the Commissioners ; and then the Earl will perform at full anything promised by him. Meanwhile he will not grant the victualling of Armagh. —1596, January 4. Endorsed by Sir Robert Cecil:—" This is quite contrary to his answer made the same day, whereof I wonder." Copy. pp. 1½

13. v. Answers of the Earl of Tyrone to the several Instructions delivered to him by the Lord of Louth and Captain, William Warren from the Lord Deputy and Council. Concerning the incursions into the English Pale and the outrages there of late committed, says the same were done by the M'Mahons unknown to him, in revenge for the killing of Owen M'Collo; nevertheless has undertaken upon his honour that he will see full restitution and satisfaction made, so as he may receive the like measure of justice. As touching the Castle of Carlingford and the taking of Mr. Henshaw's daughters thence, acknowledges it was done in time of peace, and is therefore ready to deliver them, so as O'Hanlon's son who was taken at that time in like manner, be also enlarged. As for the late attempt to surprise Armagh, and the killing of the soldiers there, does not deny that he was present himself, for which he is most penitent and sorrowful, and is contented to submit himself to Her Majesty's mercy, to lay upon him what fine she shall think good. [Sir Robert Cecil writes on the margin:—"A scornful speech of a traitor."] Much grieved at the charge of double dealing concerning the victualling of Armagh. Denies that he ever promised that Captain Baker should carry more victuals with him than six garran loads, whereof two were to be of salt. Is ready to permit the victualling of Armagh from time to time, so as all the other articles of agreement passed between him and the Lord General at Dundalk be likewise performed. Will not presume to deal any further for Feagh M'Hugh than was agreed upon at the first treaty at Dundalk. If Feagh refuses to pay his fine, and to put in such pledges as shall be thought meet, will utterly forsake him and leave him to his own care. Utterly denies that he ever meant, or does mean, to have any dealings" with the Butlers, so long as Her Majesty accepts him as a loyal subject.— 1596, January 4. Endorsed by Sir Robert Cecil:—" These answers differ from his letter, both being written on a day." Copy. pp. 1½.

13. VI. Captain Francis Stafford to [the Lord Deputy]. The meeting of the Lord of Louth and Captain William Warren with the Earl. Tyrone's truce for three weeks before Christmas was only to win time. Armagh greatly distressed for want of victuals. Tyrone has blocked the place with a great part of his forces. The enemy has possessed a but end of a castle very near the great church, and hourly provokes the garrison to burn their powder.— Newry, 1596, January 5. Copy. pp. 2.

13. vii. Captain Warham Sentleger to [the Lord Deputy]. Tyrrell is either sore hurt or slain. Faghnie 0'Moore, the best gentlemen of them all but Onie, is hurt, not like to live; and another of Onie's best men called Donnell O'Doran. One of the Connors has been once or twice taken up from his grave near the place of skirmish, and great moan made for him. They are very strong, and daily gather all the forces they can.—Monaster Evan, 1596, January 11. Copy. p.½.

13. viii. The Earl of Ormonde to [the Lord Deputy]. Went last Thursday to the Briskelagh in pursuit of the traitor Piers Butler, and upon New Year's eve had made an end of him, if the footmen whom he sent had followed his direction carefully, but their greedy desire of garrans and other spoils made them suffer him to escape with the loss of three of his men. He has now with him but seven or eight strangers, who might deliver his head, if the Lord Deputy would proclaim some head money for him. Hears he means to steal to the north, and that one Captain Tyrrell is come to Leix with above three score men, seven of whom have been slain by the company of Captain Hovenden and Captain Sentleger.—Kilkenny, 1596, January 3. Copy. p. 1.

13. IX. The Earl of Ormonde to the Lord Deputy. Prays his Lordship to write to Sir Charles O'Carroll, O'Moloy O'Dun, and Sir John Tyrrell to lay the ways to [intercept certain traitors going to the North.—Kilkenny, 1596, January 10. Copy. p.½.

13. x. Nicholas Harman to the Earl of Ormonde. Piers Butler is in the Dullogh. He went over to meet Onie M'Rory and Captain Tyrrell, but these had passed over the ford near the Inch. The Barrow very high. Phelim Reogh O'Connor means, on his return out of Feagh M'Hugh's country, to take Piers Butler into the North.—Laghlen, 1596, January 10. Copy. p. 1.

Jan. 13. Dublin Castle.

14. The Lord Deputy to Sir Robert Cecil. They are forced, owing to the Earl of Tyrone's refusal to let Armagh be victualled, to assemble almost all the forces of the kingdom, and to send them under the command of Sir John Norreys to relieve that place. Only three companies left in the Pale to answer all occasions whatsoever. Great danger of the fall of Armagh. Has small comfort in staying in Ireland, considering how untowardly things succeed. Prays for his revocation.—Dublin Castle, 1596, January 13. pp. 1½.

Jan. 13. Dublin.

15. The Lord General Sir John Norreys to Burghley. Understanding of the outrageous actions of the Earl of Tyrone, as well in seeking to betray the garrison of Armagh as in spoiling of the borders, whereby he gave assurance of his purpose to re-enter into rebellion, hastened to Dublin, though in weak state. Since his arrival has scarce been able to come out of his chamber, but, notwithstanding, has been appointed to take in hand the victualling of Armagh. His former counsels concerning the place disregarded. Has undertaken the journey, finding none else desirous of it. Will not spare any peril to perform this, which he has cause to doubt will be the last service he shall do Her Majesty. The danger might have been avoided, if, before the Earl had entered into these outrages, he had been managed with some discreet messenger or letters. When he gave this advice to the Lord Deputy and Council, they wrote back that they knew not what he meant. When too late, they sent the Lord of Louth and Captain Warren, who brought back from the Earl undutiful letters and conditional answers. The issue as to the relief of Armagh is uncertain, the force for that purpose not being great, and consisting mainly of new men and the Irish. Has moved to be assisted with some of the Council in this journey, that, if the rebellious Earl should offer to submit himself, he might proceed therein with their advice. Sir George Bourchier and Sir Geffrey Fenton are appointed to help him, but they can get no instructions. Whether there be peace or war, it is intended to throw the blame on him. Accounts for his slackness in writing. Beseeches that he may continue to importune for license to return from Ireland. [Sir Robert Cecil writes on the margin:—"In these points he is satisfied by Her Majesty's last despatch of the 9th of January."] Besides his lack of health, which will not suffer him to do Her Majesty any service, he is sought to be touched in the highest degree, and finds extraordinary courses held towards him by the two greatest men, even in open Council, whereof he will inform Burghley more particularly hereafter. Has delivered in writing, in the presence of Sir Conyers Clifford, the state of Connaught, whereby shall appear the malice of those that have sought to deprave their doings therein. If the forces of the North do not overrun that Province, is assured that Sir Conyers will quickly bring it to a good state. Therein he must have a correspondence from the Lord Deputy. The complaints and assertions made against himself are so far from the truth that it is strange any such should come from personages of gravity and reputation. Sends his particular answer to Sir Robert Cecil. [Sir Robert writes on the margin:—" I have received no other answer from him than this letter, which is to little purpose.] Craves that Burghley will suspend his judgment till he is thoroughly informed.—Dublin, 1596, January 13. Endorsed:—" Received at the Strand the 27th of the same." Holograph. pp. 4.

Jan. 13.[Dublin.]

16. The Lord General Sir John Norreys to Sir Robert Cecil. His dealings concerning M'William. Sir Robert is mistaken in thinking that, during the negotiations for a treaty, there was any truce. Whilst Norreys was in Connaught, no time was neglected for offending the rebel; and if the desperate state of the Province when he took it in hand were justly weighed with its present condition, it would appear there had been extraordinary service performed there, and in the frontiers thereof, as, namely, in the county of Longford, where the most pestiferous rebels in Ireland were killed and hanged, the Queen's castle built up again, and the whole country reduced. But because he did it, it is nothing. Unwise delaying by the Lord Deputy. Where Sir Robert writes that Her Majesty mislikes the long treaty, if it will please her Highness to remember that all the forces in the realm were continually employed, and had their hands full, notwithstanding the conclusion with the Northern men, it will appear that the best course for Her Majesty's service was to deal with the rebels separately. Evil effect of the prosecution of Feagh M'Hugh. The object of the Earl in approaching the English Pale was to divert the forces out of Connaught. He made no challenge to the proceedings of Norreys there, because he continually entertained the Earl with good letters, alleging sufficient reasons for his doings. As for Sir Richard Bingham doubting of his safety, it will be hard to remove that conceit from him so long as he is in Ireland, but where Norreys is, he assures him he shall take no hurt. It is strange that such complaints as are made against Norreys should come from a Council where truth and integrity should be chiefly respected. Denies that he placed his horse at double rates. Whereas he might have asked for 100 horse, he made the warrant but for fifty, and for these no greater allowance of beef than is given to the basest kern or horseboys, and without any order for either bread or drink for them, a course never before practised in the English Pale, and one which has made him odious. For, in former times, they were wont to kill hens, geese, muttons, lambs, and porks, at their pleasure, and had also wine, aquavitæ, and bread, or money largely for it. The unaccustomed restraint would be a great ease to the country, if it might be continued. One help only he added in the warrant, because the Lieutenant and divers others in the company were sick, that the Sheriff should levy some few muttons in the county for them, to be paid for, as the beef was. The disfurnishing of the borders was altogether done by the Lord Deputy, as will appear by the warrants. Even when the 1,000 men came over, his Lordship sent none to the borders, but led them unprofitably about the country to their utter ruin. As soon as Norreys heard how the way was laid open to the rebels, he sent, first, 60 of his own horse, and then four companies of foot, which stood the country in good stead. All this he has maintained before the Lord Deputy and Council. His Lordship was acquainted with all that was spoken of for Feagh M'Hugh. Hopes the slanders against himself will not be credited. The bruit of the Lord Burgh's coming to Ireland was there long before Sir Robert gave Norreys advice thereof. Is not sorry, for he is sure that the Privy Council would think it were too great a wrong that his reputation, fortune, and life, should be committed to the discretion of the Lord Burgh, considering the terms in which he stands with Norreys. Trusts Sir Robert will so make this known that Norreys may not attend the Lord Burgh's coming.—[Dublin,] 1596, January 13. Endorsed:—"Received at the Strand the (6th of February." [This accounts for Sir Robert Cecil's last marginal note in the preceding letter. See also below, the letter of January 15.] Holograph. pp.5.

Jan. 13. Dublin.

17. The Lord General Sir John Norreys to Sir Robert Cecil. Concerning the appointment of Sir George Bonsor (sic) and Sir Geffrey Fenton to accompany him in his journey. Ill health of Sir Geffrey. They can get no instructions, but are left to their own discretion, whereby they are assured that whatsoever shall be done by them shall be subject to controlment and hard interpretation. There is now much contentment that there is assurance of war, though all sorts of people do mightily exclaim against the causers of it. Will speak more plainly of these things when he has the happiness of attending Sir Robert in England.—Dublin, 1596, January 13. Endorsed:—" Received at the Strand, the 27 of the same."Holograph. pp. 2.

Jan. 13. Dublin.

18. The Lord General Sir John Norreys to Burghley. That the requests contained in O'Connor Sligo's petition may be granted, in consideration of the good service he has already done, and may yet do, for Her Majesty.—Dublin, 1596, January 13. pp. 1½.

Jan. 13. Dublin.

19. The Lord General Sir John Norreys to Sir Robert Cecil. [Duplicate of the preceding letter.]—Dublin, 1596, January 13. pp. 1½.

Jan. 13.

20. Sir Geffrey Fenton to [Burghley]. God has not hitherto blessed this government in the hands of Menelaus [Sir William Russell], Her Majesty having in his time reaped but dishonour and disprofit. She has lost holds and fortresses, her armies are tainted in the field, her subjects' hearts altered from love and duty, many Irish countries relapsed to their wonted tyrannical customs of tanistry, God's kingdom grown into exceeding contempt, and not so much as a face of a church seen, and lastly a settled hope conceived of Spaniards to be sent to invade this realm. Cannot tell the causes or motives of all this, but, to stop this bleeding before the body languish to extremity, wishes Her Majesty would not defer any longer to consider the remedy, which rests much in assigning a new man to guide the helm, and he to bring-with him Her Majesty's resolution for the Earl of Tyrone, to reclaim him by some assurance from herself (without which his suspicions and jealousies will never be cleared), or else a thorough enabling of the State to suppress him by force. To the latter point Fenton dares give no advice, considering the state of things both at home and abroad, and the further perilous sequels which may ensue thereby. The dangers will increase at the spring of the year, and the longer Her Majesty protracts to supply this government with a new superior commander "the more will it be hazarded. Prays Her Majesty may be guided to apply a remedy in time.—1596, January 13. Holograph. pp.2.

Jan. 14. Dublin.

21. The Lord Deputy and Council to the Privy Council. Sir Conyers Clifford arrived on January 4. Confess that the forces in Ireland are greater than usual, but the rebels generally are much stronger than in former times, and are widely scattered throughout the kingdom. The want of money.and victuals. Have used their best endeavours. Enclose the account of the state of Connaught, delivered in by the Lord President of Munster [Sir John Norreys], whereby the Privy Council may perceive that Ferdorogh O'Kelly has now repented of his former follies, and has submitted and put in his pledges. Sir Richard Bingham is not yet arrived, but they hear he lies very sick at Hilbery. Have signified to the gentlemen of Connaught Her Majesty's severe proceeding against him, and the sending of Sir Conyers Clifford to supply his place. Have commissioned the latter, and sworn him in of the Council. The Earl of Tyrone's refusal to let Armagh be victualled. Measures taken for its relief. Sir George Bourchier and Sir Geffrey Fenton appointed to assist Sir John Norreys, in case of any consultation offered by the Earl. The latter is said to be residing not far from Dundalk, and has sent for O'Donnell and all his confederates in the North to meet him. Have stayed Sir Conyers Clifford's going to Connaught until the return of Sir John Norreys. As to the composition of that Province, will appoint Commissioners as soon as possible to make inquiry and report. The said composition and the other profits there are not now sufficient to satisfy the ordinary charge of the Province and to pay the two companies of horse and foot allowed to Sir Conyers. Shall have to supply what is lacking out of Her Majesty's treasure. In this way Sir Richard Bingham was paid, since the fall of the composition.—Dublin, 1596, January 14. pp. 2. Inclose,

21. I. Account of the present state of Connaught, received of the Lord President of Munster on the 14th of January 1596. pp. 11½.

Jan. 14. Mallow.

22. Sir Thomas Norreys and others to the Privy Council. In favour of the bearer, Donnell M'Carthy, who is minding to repair into England. Recommend that his lands may be confirmed to him, and that he may receive Her Highness's pardon. Think that thus there will be a very good occasion to settle great quiet in the country of Desmond.—Mallow, 1596, January 14. p. 1.

Jan. 14. Newtown.

23. Miles Kavanagh to [the Lord Deputy]. O'Donnell is come up through M'Costollo's country, where M'William joined him with his forces. Thence they repaired beyond the Suck, and burned and preyed the countries of Brymingham, M'Davies, and the Kellies, and have bended their forces towards Clanricarde. MacDermond and his have joined O'Donnell. There is no trust to be had in any of them. The wards and castles in the county of Roscommon are like to be distressed, unless speedy remedy be taken. The barony of Athlone in danger.—Newtown, 1596, January 14. Copy. p. 1.

Jan. 14. Milltown.

24. Redmond Fallon to Sir Geffrey Fenton. O'Donnell and M'William, with great forces, are come up into the county of Galway, and are burning and preying as they go along. Fears it will go hard with the barony of Athlone.—Milltown, 1596, January 14. Copy. p. 1.

Jan. 15. Dublin.

25. The Lord Deputy and Council to the Privy Council. Asking for the supply of three falcons, with their carriages and ladles, to replace three belonging to the city of Dublin that were taken by the traitor Maguire when he captured the castle of Enniskillen. Were willing to have given the Mayor and Sheriffs of Dublin the value of the said pieces in money, but doubted much they would convert the same to some other use. Prefer to have the falcons replaced from England.—Dublin, 1596, January 15. p. 1.

Jan. 15. Kilmallock.

26. Sir Thomas Norreys and William Robinson to Burghley. As to certain parcels of land in Desmond, concerning which they were directed to make inquiries. Think Florence M'Carthy worthy of favour, and that the lands should be granted to him, but without the title of M'Carthy More, or the signory over the rest of the Clancarties of Muskerry and Dwally ; a little portion of the lands being left for Donogh M'Carthy and Donnell M'Carthy, base uncle and base son of best reputation to the late Earl.—Kilmallock, 1596, January 15. p. 1.

Jan. 15. Drogheda.

27. The Lord General Sir John Norreys to Sir Robert Cecil. Sends a letter (the first of the 13th of January directed to Sir Robert Cecil)left out of the last packet by negligence. Finds that men, victuals, and carriage will fall very short. Doubts not to succeed in his enterprise.—Drogheda, 1596, January 15. Holograph. p. 1.

Jan. 15. Dublin.

28. Sir George Bourchier to Burghley. The issue of munition from the Office of the Ordnance.—Dublin, 1596, January 15. p. 1.

Jan. 15. Moymet, co. Meath.

29. James Dillon to Sir Robert Cecil. The Seneschalship of Dillon's country, called Maghericork, in the county of Westmeath, granted by letters patent to the writer's father, the late Sir Lucas Dillon, Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Ireland, and to his heirs male, paying a certain yearly rent. After his said father's death, he himself quietly enjoyed the office, till now of late he has been greatly disturbed by one Theobald Dillon, sometime a merchant, and base-born, whose father was also a bastard, and son to the prior of Kilkenny. The said Theobald, having a charge of 25 horsemen in Her Majesty's pay, has taken upon him, not only the name and title of O'Dillon, but also the Captainry (sic) of Maghericork, and the absolute authority of the Seneschal there. His outrageous conduct to the writer's servant. Prays that letters may be sent to Sir Henry Wallop and Sir Anthony Sentleger, to enquire into these matters, and (finding the information true) to punish Theobald Dillon, and discharge him and his 25 horsemen out of pay.—Moymet, co. Meath, 1596, January 15. p. 1.

Jan. 16. Dublin.

30. Sir Conyers Clifford to Burghley. The Lord Deputy, with the advice of Sir John Norreys, has stayed him in Dublin. M'William, and the whole country where he lives, the whole county of Sligo, and the county of Leitrim, where O'Rourke is, are all joined to O'Donnell. The O'Flaherties, in the county of Galway, have not submitted.—Dublin, 1596, January 16. pp. 1½.

Jan. 16.Dublin.

31. Sir Conyers Clifford to Sir Robert Cecil. Has sought by all means to inform himself of the state of Connaught, and finds that the draining away of the forces thence, before the full settling of the country, has put it again into hazard, O'Donnell being now there. By his power it is generally thought the country will be forced again to revolt, Her Majesty having no forces in the Province to give the poor people countenance against him. The measures to relieve Armagh. After that journey is ended, he is to be sent to Connaught with such power as can be spared.—Dublin, 1596, January 16. Holograph. pp. 2.

Jan. 17. Dublin.

32. The Lord Deputy and Council to Burghley. There will not be money to buy bread-corn for the army, owing to the excessive rates arising from the present dearths and troubles. Hear that good proportions of rye and other grains have lately come to London. Pray that 2,000 quarters of rye may be sent over at once, and a greater proportion in spring of that which shall arrive in London then. Wheat cannot be had under 40s. a quarter. Have appointed the bearer, Samuel Mollenex, the victualler's agent, to attend Burghley's pleasure herein.—Dublin, 1596, January 17. p. 1.

Jan. 18. Dublin.

33. Sir Henry Wallop to Burghley. The gout, having taken grievous hold of him this winter, has given him a knowledge of the exceeding extremity Burghley has these very many years endured. Sends a certificate of the issue of the 20,000l. last sent, and of the remain of 3,041l. assigned in October last for the charges of the 2,000l. men then appointed to be sent to Ireland. As to the complaint that, in his certificate of October last, no allowance is made for the numbers missing in the army, but that Her Majesty is charged for the full numbers, states that it rests not in him to give satisfaction in that point, as the Muster-master delivers in his books only every half-year, when the abatement is made according to the checks then received. Mentions the amounts of these checks for the half years ended September 1595 and March and September 1596. It is impossible for Sir Ralph Lane and Mr. Kyffin to overtake the musters properly, without the aid of Commissaries. Thinks much greater sums might be gained by Her Majesty. As to the complaint that in his said certificate no mention is made of any service done, nor where the many companies in pay are employed, Burghley knows that those things do not appertain to him. Has communicated with the Lord Deputy and Sir Ralph Lane on these points. These fourteen months the course has been rather to reduce the traitors by treaties and cessations than to constrain them by force or fighting. Further details of accounts. Certificates sent by the victualler Newcomen. The price of ordinary wheat in Ireland is about 70s. the quarter. Unless provision be made from other places, sees not how the army can be maintained, the country being already overrun by the soldiers' continual passing to and fro, and lying upon the borders. Even very few beeves are to be had now, and these at very high prices. Failure of the fishing at Waterford. Unless herring come from Scotland, the scarcity in Ireland will be great. The method of victualling the forces. The issue of ordnance: certificates by the Master. Has discharged his part and duty to Her Majesty, and this has bred much dislike to him in the country. The charges for Connaught. No compensation has been received from that Province (excepting Thomond) since September 1595. Neither has any been received from the Pale for a year and a half, but it has been left in the hands of the country people, in satisfaction for the beeves daily supplied by them to the army, which far surmount in value the composition payable. Sends a book of the revenue. Hopes God of His mercy will behold the affliction and lamentable estate of the enduring subject and toiling soldier in Ireland.— Dublin, 1596, January 18. Seal. pp. 5. Incloses,

33. I. A book containing the issue, as well of 15,000 l., parcel of a Privy Seal of 20,000l, dated the 11th of November 1596, as also of 1,509l. 17s. 7d., being the remain of a former Privy Seal of the 13th October 1596. Among the miscellaneous payments is the following:—" Thomas Ball, for bringing the heads of seventeen of Feagh M'Hugh's men to Dublin, by warrant xv^to Decembris 1596, 15l."—1596, January 16. pp. 24.

33. II. A certificate of the issue of the revenues received by Sir Henry Wallop during the year ended at Michaelmas, 1595.—1596, January 18. pp. 11.

[Jan. 18. Dublin.]

34. Sir Ralph Lane to Queen Elizabeth. His nephew, William Lane, has delivered to him Her Majesty's gracious leave for him to write to her. Neither his own long sickness, nor any negligence on his part, nor corruption in his officer, has ever been any hindrance to Her Majesty's service, but only and wholly the want of Commissaries. Monthly musters otherwise impossible, the garrisons being dispersed in various parts, and some in remote places, inaccessible without convoys. His method of making the musters, Commissaries being awanting. Beseeches the continuance of Her Majesty's gracious favour—No. date. p. 1.

Jan. 18. Dublin.

35. Sir Ralph Lane to Burghley. Sends a book of the charge of the army in Ireland during the half-year ended at Michaelmas, 1596. Causes of the delay in its completion. Asks Burghley to acquaint Her Majesty with the sufficiency of his answer, for he will have no rest until he knows she is satisfied. The necessity for Commissaries. Desires that Kyffin may be preferred to some better place.—Dublin, 1596, January 18. pp.1½. Incloses,

35. I. A Book of the charge of Her Majesty's army and garrison in pay in Ireland, for the half-year between 1 April and September 1596.—[1596-7, January.] pp. 56.

Jan. 18. Dublin.

36. Sir Ralph Lane to Sir Robert Cecil. Lord Burghley is satisfied with his answer to the charges against him, and has signified the same in a letter by John Lane. Prays that Commissaries may be appointed in Ulster, Connaught, and Leinster, the three Provinces where the seats of war are meant to be set down by the rebels. Desires that Kyffin may be removed to some more profitable service for Her Majesty. Kyffin's oversight in mustering Lord Louth's cook and thirteen churls in three several bands. Asks Sir Robert to remind Burghley to speak to the Queen on the writer's behalf.—Dublin, 1596, January 18. pp. 2½.

Jan. 19. Waterford.

37. Thomas Wadding, Mayor of Waterford, to [? the Lord Deputy]. In the last shipping that arrived there from Spain, came two scholars. One, named Teig O'Hogan, son of Ogan O'Hogan, of Ardcrome in Ormonde, confessed to have been in Spain and Portugal almost six years, viz., in Lisbon, and at study in Coimbra. The other, supposed to be a base son of the Earl of Ormonde, his mother being named Anasta Walshe FitzAdam, of the county of Kilkenny, confessed to have been in Lisbon two years. He left Ireland, and is returned, chiefly because, as he affirms, his father's son and all the name of the Butlers is hateful to the country, and to their traitorous countrymen in Lisbon. Kept these two men until he had advertised his Lordship of their landing. The Earl of Ormonde has sent for them to examine them. They have confessed nothing concerning the State in any way.—Waterford, 1596, January 19. Copy. p. 1.

Jan. 21. Dublin Castle.

38. The Lord Deputy and Council to the Privy Council. Refer to the book on the state of Connaught sent in their letter of the 14th of January. The persons named in that book are generally poor and mean freeholders, of small account, and such as depend upon other Lords, save O'Kelly, M'Dermott, Dualtagh O'Connor, and O'Connor Roe, and are therefore not much to be respected, because led as others stand affected, whatsoever security they give in the mean time. The pledges taken upon most of them are to very small purpose, or none at all. The four chieftains abovenamed have either underhand agreed with O'Donnell, or at least must take with him when he calls for them, and may not regard their pledges with the State, any more than the Earl of Tyrone and he do. The Earl's agreement to "reasonable" pledges. Through the joining of O'Donnell and M'William, M'Dermott is said to be fallen away, and O'Connor Roe already little better, so that the Province is as bad as it was before, or worse, without any good by the late treaty. This appears further by the letters sent thence within these few days, straight after the forces left the Province to be employed for the relief of Armagh. The Almighty has prevented the voyage of the Spaniards. But these are not suffered to disbark, being kept ready to set forth again on the sudden ; the commanders only go ashore to take the air. Hostile conduct of Feagh M'Hugh and the Earl of Tyrone in expectation of the landing of Spaniards. Nothing but force will serve. Pray for men, treasure, and victuals, as of late they desired by Sir Robert Gardener. Besides the common dangers threatened, many subjects are like to famish for lack of meat, if they be not relieved out of England ; the dearth being otherwise grown so great that they see not how victuals can be had to keep the inhabitants from starving, even if all the forces were away. Declare that, if an honourable peace could be effected, they would consider it the greatest happiness that might befall this distressed realm and themselves. The danger of the loss of Armagh. The state of Connaught worse than the Lord President's book makes show of. Have caused the book to be transcribed, and have apostilled it for their Lordships' information. Cannot answer their Lordships' letter of the 9th inst., just received, until the Lord President returns.—Dublin Castle, 1596, January 21. pp. 5. Inclose,

38. I. Hugh O'Donnell to O'Connor and to O'Connor's sons. Their pledges nothing dearer than those of the Earl and himself. Demands O'Connor's son as a pledge. Requires O'Connor and all his people to hasten presently to the North. The chiefs that are with him. Teig O'Rourke also has sworn to the confederacy. Endorsed:— "Received 13 January 1596, after the letters were sealed." Copy. p. 1.

Jan. 21.

39. Sir Conyers Clifford to Sir Robert Cecil. O'Donnell is still in Connaught, and has, it is said, forced many to revolt. Critical condition of affairs in that Province. Prays for men, money, and victuals for two months, whereby he may presently take the frontiers, and stop O'Donnell. Desires 2,000 men to he sent to the port of Sligo, where he would meet them. If they landed at Dublin the march is long, and many of them would be lost before they did any service. The Pale is miserably poor, and the people of it desperate by the famine they fear to endure. It is no policy to discontent them, when already so many parts of the kingdom are in arms.—1596, January 21. pp. 1½.

Jan. 23. Dublin

40. The Lord Deputy and Council to Burghley. Ask for a further proportion of grain. Also, that out of the next treasure to come over, there may be some portion assigned for the provision of salted herrings to be prepared in Ireland, and for butter and cheese in London. Cheshire and Wales cannot afford a sufficient supply. Lack of salted beef for the army, and the season now too late for making it.—Dublin, 1596, January 23. p. 1.

Jan. 23. Dublin.

41. Robert Newcomen, the Victualler in Ireland, to Burghley. Concerning Her Majesty's losses in victualling. The rye asked for by the Lord Deputy and Council much needed. Wheat, 70s. a quarter. The demand in the Lord Deputy and Council's letter ot this date for herrings, butter, and cheese. Will send shortly the particulars of issue of the 4,000l. last sent over for victualling.— Dublin, 1596 January 23. pp. 2.

Jan. 24. Drogheda.

42. Sir John Norreys, Sir George Bourchier, and Sir Geffrey Fenton to the Privy Council. Left Dublin on the 16th, and came to Dundalk on the 18th. Much of the victuals and munition for the expedition had not come up. Knowing that the Earl had made a gathering of all his forces near Dundalk, to impeach their passage in the straits [passes] between that and the Newry, advised the State to write to him that he should better bethink himself. Considered it requisite to have him tempered withal beforehand, considering how dangerously the realm stood, not only for present garboyles, but also for a further breaking out of sundry others illaffected. The Earl was content to change his purpose, especially when he saw that Sir John Norreys had taken the field against him, and sent one of his principal followers, Art Bradagh O'Hagan, in the company of Captain Warren, to express his loyal desires towards Her Majesty, and his willingness either to let Armagh be victualled by the Queen, or to do it himself, Captain Warren being present to see it done. His offers, however, they rejected, because he interlaced them with a condition that Feagh M'Hugh should be received to mercy. So the next day he consented to the victualling of Armagh as they required, and sent Art O'Hagan as a pledge until it were performed ; by which course the garrison has been relieved without stirring the realm. Good effect of this among the rebels, and probable good effect in Spain, when they see the yielding of the Earl in the pride of his forces. The companies of the expeditionary force have also been sent back to their wonted places of service. The Earl, contrary to the minds of his brethren and chief followers, who would have him still to remain Irish, as all other O'Neills have been, moved for a conference with them, which they granted, and he met them, first of all, at a little " vame " of a shallow brook, not three feet over, and not a musket shot from the camp, and afterwards, for a further show of his duty, came over and saluted them. His vehement protestations of loyalty, taking God and heaven to witness. Have sent the particulars of the parley to their Lordships [some of the inclosures are wanting]. Have appointed the 1st of March next for another meeting with, the Earl at Dundalk on the causes of the North. He has promised to deliver to them there all the pledges of Ulster, and to exchange his own pledges for others. Meanwhile he has undertaken, for the M'Mahons and others, that no offence shall be done by them to the borders of the Pale, and that he will disperse his forces. Have written to the garrisons of Knockfergus and the Newry, that no provocation be made on their side. Forbore to assure him any pardon, but left him to Her Majesty's pleasure. His outward shows are fair, and his oaths deep and vehement, but they cannot tell if his heart and inward meaning are agreeable, considering how often he has slipped before.—Dredagh [Drogheda], 1596, January 24. pp. 4½. Inclose,

42. I. A List of the forces employed for the journey of Armagh, and how they are again sorted to their garrisons.—1596, January 23. pp. 1½.

42. II. Hugh, Earl of Tyrone, to the Lord General Sir John Norreys and Sir Geffrey Fenton. Is content to stand to such Articles as were formerly agreed upon. The exchange of his pledges. Will have ready those that Norreys has chosen, viz., two of his brother Art's sons and two of Henry Oge's sons for pledges. Meanwhile will give O'Melan, chief of his name, as a pledge for sending the victuals to Armagh in safety.—1596, January 19. Copy. p. 1.

Jan. 24. Drogheda.

43. The Lord General Sir John Norreys to Burghley. Will not say whether peace or war is most expedient with regard to the Earl. All such as have born affection to him, whilst he was loyal, and such of his followers as are known to be best affected to the quiet of the country, affirm that his meaning is to be a subject The " most inwardest" with the Earl say that, if he might be assured of his life, and be governed by such as he durst trust, he would put in his son for pledge. The Lord Deputy and the most of the Council are of another opinion. The Earl and his say that the Spaniards have promised to come in such strength that they will care neither for the English nor Irish. Thinks they will not come in the summer. Some say that if the Earl be well dealt with for himself, he will have nothing to do with O'Donnell, M'William, or Feagh M'Hugh. Others say that he will never retire from his confederacy with the Spaniards, and that his offers are all to gain time, seeing the country weary of the war and that many will leave him. If the state of Her Majesty's affairs will endure a royal war, such as may impeach foreign invasion and suppress the rebel at home, it is both the most honourable and assuredest course, but the misery of Ireland will offer many difficulties. This journey to Armagh will be interpreted as all their other actions have been. The scarcity of victuals. The unguarded state of the English Pale. Town of Kells burnt. House of Baltinglass taken and spoiled. O'Donnell's action in Connaught. Reported burning of Athenry. Want of a Governor of capacity in Connaught. Prays for license to retire before the arrival of the new Lord Deputy, who has long professed to seek his ruin.—Drogheda, 1596, January 24. Holograph, pp. 5.

Jan. 24. Drogheda.

44. The Lord General Sir John Norreys to Sir Robert Cecil. Importunately intreats to have liberty to retire before the arrival of Lord Burgh. The Privy Council have with good reason impugned Sir Robert Gardener's imagined discourse, arising out of fancies put in his head by Sir Richard Bingham. Never had one penny profit of anything appertaining to the government of Connaught. The slander that he could not endure any superior or equal. Has served in Ireland under three Deputies. How the Duke de Montpensier and M. de St. Luc used him on the Continent. The next 2,000 men to be sent over without captains.—Drogheda, 1596, January 24. Holograph. pp. 3.

Jan. 24. Drogheda.

45. Sir Geffrey Fenton to Burghley. Tyrone's protestations. His facility to be led by his brother Cormack and by O'Donnell, two malignant adversaries to Her Majesty's government. Complains that Sir Robert Gardener's despatch was kept from his knowledge, and also from Sir John Norreys. The kind of persons employed in respect to the sending of that Councillor.—Drogheda, 1596, January 24. Seals, pp. 1½.

Jan. 24. Drogheda.

46. Sir Geffrey Fenton to Sir Robert Cecil. Sir John Norreys showed himself a commander of great judgment by suddenly drawing his army out of Dundalk, and taking the field against the Earl, who was within two musket shot of him, and all his forces. Thinks some comfortable letters ought to be sent to Norreys for his honourable service. The Earl's protestations not to be relied on. Whether there be peace or war with him, wishes Feagh M'Hugh could be taken in on honourable conditions, for he is more hurtful to Leinster and the Pale than all the rebels in Ireland. The prosecution of him these last four months has had no other result than a lamentable wasting of towns and people, and the increasing of pride in his barbarous mind, since he has stood out so long against Her Majesty's forces, led by the Lord Deputy in person. The Earl's forces in the recent affair were reckoned at about 3,000 horse and foot; those of Norreys were about 1,700 foot and 300 horse. The Earl seemed to make O'Donnell further gone with the Spaniards than himself was. Their negotiation with the Spaniards about Michaelmas last. The Earl reigns by his name of O'Neill over O'Donnell and all the rest. Thinks that neither will the Spaniards hazard an army in Ireland sufficient to invade the realm, nor that the Earl and the rest of the Irishry will consent to receive such a force as shall be able to overtop them. Thinks that Her Majesty should assure the Earl by letter against the fears he has for his person if he submit, and that some person of credit should be sent with the letter.—Drogheda, 1596, January 24. pp. 3.

Jan. 24. Dublin.

47. Donogh O'Connor Sligo to Burghley. Has been lately in Connaught, attending the Lord General as far as Sligo. Mightily impoverished condition of the country by reason of the incursion of O'Donnell at two several times. Would have endeavoured to interrupt him, had he had the power or ability. By his persuasion, O'Connor Roe M'Dermott and divers others of estimation in Connaught have submitted. Has made petition to the Lord Deputy and Council to allow him the house of Ballymote, for his better safeguard whilst he is in the county of Sligo, until Her Majesty should re-edify the castle of Sligo. He has also asked for some men in pay. The petition has been referred to the Privy Council. Asks for Burghley's support.—Dublin, 1596, January 24. p. 1.

Jan. 24. Dublin.

48. Donogh O'Connor Sligo to Sir Robert Cecil. To the same effect as the preceding letter.—Dublin, 1596, January 24. p. 1.

Jan. 25. Drogheda.

49. Sir Geffrey Fenton to Sir Robert Cecil. At my departure from Dundalk, I received your Honour's letter of the 8th of this month, expressing your honourable regard of me, to support my credit in the disgrace offered me touching Sir Robert Gardener's despatch ; for the which it bringeth no small grief to me that I cannot answer you with that gratitude which I ought and would; but, howsoever through present impediments I cannot yet do that which is meet, yet I will not always err that way, humbly beseeching your Honour to respect me, not according to my fortune, but according to my heart. And touching the answer which Sir Robert Gardener made there, namely, that I was very sick, and kept my chamber all the while his despatch was in consultation, and that I had been twice sent to, but by reason of sickness not able to be present at the deliberation, and therefore he was despatched away with expedition, I assure your Honour upon my faith, and as I look to continue in your favour, I was present at Council with them six or seven several times of sitting, whilst his despatch was in working, and yet, whilst I was present, no mention made thereof; and to secrete it the more from me, it was managed for the most part at their private houses for five or six days before his departure, and yet in all that time a Council held in the Council chamber, where I was still present. And where Sir Robert Gardener said that I was sent to twice in the time of the deliberation, I think he made that answer, because he had not a better ready upon the sudden, otherwise he would have bethought himself better than to have made an answer contrary to truth. And that which touched me most in disgrace was, that they drew together as it were in private conventicles to deliberate upon his despatch, knowing that I was up, and at Council, every day with them, and, for my further disgrace, they used the service of mean persons therein, such as were not sworn to Her Majesty, nor never had intermeddling in her weighty affairs, and, for their known unsoundness, ought not to be called to so grave a business, specially Her Majesty having a sworn officer, to whom, more than to a stranger, belongeth the charge of all her despatches for matters of Council. [In the margin it is stated:—"One Richard Cooke, sometimes servant to Fraunces Mills, attending the late Mr. Secretary Walsingham, was used as an instrument in this despatch, being the Lord Deputy's man."] This is a true report, which I will stand to upon my credit, whatsoever may be surmised or informed to the contrary.

And where it was alleged that I was committed to prison by Sir John Perrot, it is true, but that was not done for any exception taken against me in my public calling, or for any crime committed in Council, or Council matters, but only for a debt of 50l., which I owed to him upon my bill, as Her Majesty, and my Lord Treasurer, and many other of the Council do know, for that their Lordships have been often made acquainted therewith. And therefore, how far that resemblance failed, that I might be sequestered from Council by one Deputy because another Deputy committed me to prison upon an action of debt, I humbly leave to your Honour's consideration, being not a little grieved that, after so many years that I had spent in Her Majesty's service, nob to serve mine own turn, but to serve hers, such a matter should be so hardly strained against me, to deject me, and bear up those that did me the wrong. And therefore I most humbly beseech your Honour that some letter may be procured from thence for the reparation of my credit, and to premonish the State, that the like be not offered again to my place.—Drogheda, 1596, Jannary 25. pp. 2.

Jan. 26. Dublin Castle.

50. The Lord Deputy and Council to the Privy Council. The Earl of Tyrone contented to yield to the victualling of Armagh. Glad of this, but compare his course therein with other his proceedings, which they find treacherous and full of strange disguisings. His bringing his forces to the borders, when the Spaniards were expected to arrive. His assistance of Feagh M'Hugh. Incursions by Feagh, the Butlers, Eustaces, O'Reillys, and others. O'Donnell with the forces of Connaught is passed even to the walls of Galway, where he has burned the suburbs of that town, and intends to go on to Limerick. The Earl cannot be more treacherous than he has been, and less treacherous he intends not to be, if the Spaniards come. The Earl's agreement to the victualling of Armagh was a stratagem to draw away the Queen's forces from Connaught, so that O'Donnell might, as he has done, be possessed thereof, and draw that whole Province to his dependency. —Dublin Castle, 1596, January 26. pp. 4. Inclose,

50. I. Sir John Norreys, Sir George Bourchier, and Sir Geffrey Fenton to the Lord Deputy and Council. The Earl's shifts. Their conclusion with him for the victualling of Armagh. Art Bradagh O'Hagan put in as a pledge. Distribution of the companies in various garrisons. The Earl visits Norreys and the Commissioners after they had taken the field at Faugher. Fiftysix beeves sent to Armagh. Insufficiency of the supply provided for the army.—Dundalk, 1596, January 22. Copy. pp. 3.

50. II. Sir John Norreys and Sir George Bourchier to the Lord Deputy and Council. Have passed their words to Tyrone that his pledges now in Dublin Castle shall be delivered back upon his sending in such as they have made choice of.—Dundalk, 1596, January 24. Copy. p. 1.

50. III. The Earl of Clanricarde to [the Lord Deputy]. Yesterday Hugh Roe O'Donnell, Tibbott Burke M' Walter Kittagh, and 3,000 foot and 200 horse have spoiled half his country and assaulted divers castles. " Doubtless they will not leave any corn or cottage, within three days, unburnt within the whole country." Will never swerve for any losses and afflictions whatsoever. Has sent to the Earl of Thomond for assistance. Asks for help.— Lough Reogh, 1596, January 16. Copy. p. 1.

50. IV. G. Fitton to [the Lord Deputy]. O'Donnell and M' William, after burning and preying in Clanricarde, came this day in their own persons to the walls of Galway. They are burning the suburbs, which is likely to put the whole town in danger. Burning of Athenry. It is said the enemy will go into Thomond, and thence to Limerick. News that the remnant of the Spanish fleet is prepared for Ireland, and that divers of Galway are stayed to be pilots.—Galway, 1596, January 18. Copy. pp. 1½.

50. V. Oliver Oge French, Mayor of Galway, to [the Lord Deputy]. Hugh Roe O'Donnell and other the rebels of Tyrconnell have come into Connaught and made Tibbott M' Walter Kittagh Burke, M' William. They have destroyed almost the whole county of Galway. Burning of Athenry. Details of the attempts on the town of Galway. Devastation of country by the rebels. Their threats.—Galway, 1596, January 19. Copy. pp. 3.

50. VI. Captain Henry Streete to [the Lord Deputy], The traitors of the Brenny, being 800 foot and 80 horse, have burned many houses. They were driven from the town by his company, leaving 35 dead in the streets. Mr. Richard Betaght is hurt, and some of the town killed.—Kells, 1596, January 22. Copy. p. 1.

Jan. 26. Dublin Castle.

51. The Lord Deputy to Sir Robert Cecil. If the Earl of Tyrone's disguisings may be taken for good payment, thinks Ireland is accursed, for undoubtedly the Earl continues his practice with Spain, and still expects the arrival of the Spaniards. Cannot answer the Privy Council's letters of the 9th instant, until the return of Sir John Norreys.—Dublin Castle, 1596, January 26. Endorsed:—"Received at the Strand, the 30th of the same." p. 1.

Jan. 26. Dublin.

52. Sir Geffrey Fenton to Sir Robert Cecil. Understands by public report that there is an intention to send more forces to Ireland, and to invade the north with three armies. The divulging of it at this time will do much hurt by stirring the minds of some that hearken after alterations; but, chiefly, it will make the Earl of Tyrone and his side suspicious to the uttermost, and what he will do to distress the Pale, upon the bruit of this resolution, is not almost to be doubted. Left him at Dundalk, seemingly well minded to be a subject, whatsoever his inward mind was. But now, hearing of so great a preparation of force made against him, at a time when he expected the contrary, he will break out to do the uttermost mischiefs he can, before they shall be well prepared to resist him. Is assured that all the State can do, will be done, for the prevention of harms.

Touching the change of Governor, thinks that if the sending of the Lord Deputy's successor had been deferred for this year, and the service of Sir John Norreys used, it would have been to good purpose to prepare and settle this government, which, after it had thus been drawn into the way of recovery, might more easily have been perfected by the successor. " For a ship, that hath been so long tossed with storms and tempests, cannot so easily be fashioned to a good course, when a raw man upon a sudden is put to guide the helm. But I see Ireland must run the destiny assigned unto it, and advices of mean men are too weak to contend or alter a resolution already grounded." After the next day's deliberation, Sir Robert shall understand what is conceived of the state of all things in Ireland. Prays that he may be covered and secreted in all his advices.—Dublin, 1596, January 26. Endorsed—"Received at the Strand the 6th of February." Seal. pp. 1½.

Jan. 27. Kilkenny.

53. The Earl of Ormonde to Burghley. Did not receive Burghley's letter of the 9th of November last until nine weeks afterwards. Will answer it when he has more leisure. His willingness to do Her Majesty all the service he may. The miserable estate of this unfortunate country.—Kilkenny, 1596, January 27. p. ½ Incloses,

53. I. Gerrott Comerford, Attorney-General in Connaught, to the Earl of Ormonde. The distressed estate of the county of Galway at this present were too tedious and most lamentable to be written. Burning of Athenry, and defacing and preying of divers towns and castles "by that faithless arch-traitor and nurse of all mischief, Hugh Roe O'Donnell," who thence took his way to the suburbs of Galway without the walls, burned the same, and took an immense prey. Was at Galway the day before his coming, and went to the Earl of Clanricarde, who requested his aid. Strength of the rebels. Assistance urgent. Has written to the Lord Deputy and the Lord General. His daily imminent danger. Has few to trust to (the nobility excepted). Enforced for his own guard to keep a company about him, at his own charges, having no allowance other than the yearly fee of 201., whereof he is unpaid these three years past. Fears not to hazard his life to prevent further mischief. The Earl of Thomond omitted no opportunity to draw all the forces of Thomond to their succour; but before his Lordship's return from the seaside, where he had been to withstand by sea the traitorous attempt of the Mallys, the enemy, overladen with movables, besides cattle, were "gone out of his danger." Was in the heart of the country, and an eye-witness of all that he writes. Arrival at Galway of a ship from Spain. One Dermot O'Moran, arrived at Galway, was at Lisbon when the Spanish fleet set out for Ireland, to the number of one hundred and odd ships. Twenty-six were lost at Cape Finisterre. Divers of the Irishry, both men and women, were in the fleet. The arch-traitor, Cahill O'Connor, and one Lacy, the titular Chancellor of Limerick, were drowned. The commander of the fleet had, since the wreck of those ships, returned from the King with a straight commandment to omit no time in performing his direction. The remnant of the fleet was at Ferrol in Galicia. O'Moran says that the galleass that was lately in the north of Ireland was, at her return, met at sea by some of the English fleet, and her captain slain, but that she reached Lisbon. Arrival of a bark from France. The Spanish loss confirmed. God send them all bad success, for those unnatural and false forsworn traitors are wholly animated by them. His Lordship, or one of his experience, would, with a thousand men, make no reckoning to overthrow those rascals, for they were slenderly weaponed. And God no doubt was against them, having procured the " coorsse " of thousands of poor children and women, who are by their traitorous means harboured under hedges in the field, wanting food or relief. Is glad to hear of his Lordship's success in the daily cutting off of rebels, doubtless through great travail and unexpected journeys. Connaught was left naked, and hence its being overrun. Prays the Almighty to confound the Queen's enemies both by sea and land.—Ardragh, 1596, January 17. pp. 2½.

Jan. 27. Beaumaris.

54. Sir Richard Bingham to Sir Robert Cecil. Thanks him for the great favour of having his causes tried at Dublin before the whole Council. Is most anxious to come to his trial, but is prevented by his sickness. Put to sea before he had well recovered, was driven back by a storm, and is now suffering a grievous relapse. As soon as he is able to embark without endangering his life, will omit no time for his repair to Dublin, as directed by Sir Robert.—Beaumaris, 1596, January 27. p. 1.

Jan. 27.

55. William Saxey, Chief Justice of Munster, to Burghley. The weariness of his late journey. Prays that the causes concerning justice and the reformation of the government may receive speedy order.—[London (probably)], 1596, January 27. p.½. Incloses,

55. I. Advertisements to Burghley by William Saxey, Chief Justice of Munster. Considers that John FitzEdmund, of Cloyne, in the county of Cork, within the said Province, accused of high treason, should be tried in England, otherwise justice will take no place, be the evidence never so plain. Also that James Goold, second Justice of Munster, accused of divers treasons, should be tried in England, else he will never receive justice in his own country.

In Munster, the good subject receives not that expedition of justice that is convenient, nor the rebel his condign reward with fit celerity. The rebels and malefactors commonly escape out of gaol before their trial, and become more dangerous than before. The chief of the Irish seduce the subjects from their allegiance. The Irish tenants are made apt to all rebellion and mischief. The rebels and Irish malcontents have opportunity to enrich themselves, and to conspire in matters hurtful to the common quiet. The English are subject to the trial of the Irish in all causes concerning their goods, lands, and lives. The cities and towns are insolent and like to fall away. Violation of the instructions for the better government of the Province. Abuse of the Justice in time of general session of gaol delivery.

Is ready to set down at large these defects and their remedies, as soon as he is commanded. Craves relief that justice may not be interrupted, that law may not be crossed, and that Her Highness's authority and Justices may not be disgraced or discountenanced. Endorsed:—1596, January 27. One sheet.

Jan. 28.

56. The Queen to the Lord Deputy and Lord Chancellor of Ireland. Directing them to inform her most particularly with respect to the claims made by the Earl of Kildare to certain lands in Ireland. Is inclined to grant his petitions. Endorsed:—1596, January 28. Draft. pp. 2.

Jan. 29. Dublin.

57. Sir Henry Wallop to Burghley. Five hundred and seventyfive pounds borrowed of Dublin merchants to pay for beeves, taken up in Munster. The sum repayable out of the next treasure sent over to Ireland. Six hundred pounds to be imprested to Sir Conyers Clifford. Nearly two thousand pounds due to Sir John Norreys. Three or four thousand pounds due to the inhabitants of towns for diet of soldiers.—Dublin, 1596, January 29. p. 1.

Jan. 29.

58. G. Nicolson's opinion as to the employment of Scots in Ireland. Advises letters and presents to the king and divers others. Estimated rates of pay for the officers and men. Endorsed:—1596, January 29. p. 1.

Jan. 30. Dublin Castle.

59. The Lord Deputy to the Privy Council. Sends translation of letter from the Earl of Tyrone to O'Donnell, shewing that the Earl was privy to the " gryping in " of Connaught by the latter. Prays that the coming of Lord Burgh may be hastened.—Dublin Castle, 1596, January 30. p. 1. Incloses,

59. I. Hugh, Earl of Tyrone ("O'Neill"), to (Hugh) O'Donnell. You shall understand that the Commissioners came unto us the 17th of January, and that we and they have broken off, by reason that we and the better sort of Tyrone have not thought good to yield our consents that Armagh should be victualled. And as I guess and have had intelligence, if we may defend the town ten days, it will with God's grace be left void for us. The Lord Deputy and Lord Norreys are without doubt assembling of an army to come hither. There is nothing we rather wish you should do than to have a care of them of Connaught, until you bring again to your side and party such as have already left you; and having done your business there, to come to these parts, if possibly you can, whereof we shall be glad, for here you shall have some good to do. And if it be God's pleasure that I and you do overtake them, 1 think they will not return in like state again. And, if time give you leave to come, bring with you a month's victual and beeves. Endorsed:— Received 26 January 1596. Translation. p. 1.

Jan. 31. London.

60. Sir William Fitz William to Burghley. His sundry infirmities make him unable to enjoy so great a contentation as waiting on his Lordship. Acquaints Burghley with a disloyal imputation laid upon the writer by one Jonson, an Irish attorney. It came to his hand but yesterday. " I do humbly pray that he may be speedily sent for, and commanded upon his allegiance to touch me as deeply as he can, for I loath to live if I have deserved to be called capitally into any question."—"From my house near Aldersgate," 1596, January 31. p. ½. Incloses,

60. I. Speeches uttered by one Jonson, an attorney of the King's Bench in Ireland, against Sir William FitzWilliam. That the services of Sir William, in general were not to be respected, for he was observed to be a man that doted in all his actions. That, if he were disposed, he could make Sir William hold up his hand at a bar ; saying that a thousand pound land a year was a matter to be reckoned of, and that Sir William should haply once hear of; for, said he, I have " a web in his girt," that was not yet spoken of. That Sir William had paid a thousand pounds to be made Lord Deputy. Many other speeches he used, tending to the disgrace of Sir William and his service. Jonson's assertion that he was sent to Ireland as an intelligencer for Spain, Edmund Palmer, of St. Jean-de-Luce, being the man with whom he was to have intercourse of letters.—Waterford, Sunday, 1596, October 17. A note states that these advertisements were sent to [? received by] Sir William out of Ireland from Zachary Pierce, 30 January 1596. p. 1.

Jan.

61. Certificate of such companies of horse and foot as were mustered by Maurice Kyffin in December 1596 and January 1596–7. One sheet.

Jan.

62. Chronological list of events in Ireland, 1553-1596, headed, " A memorial of the manner and charge of the government in Ireland since the first year of Queen Mary." Endorsed by Burghley—" January 1596. Delivered to the Lord Burgh for his information." pp. 14½.

Jan.

63. The Victualler of Ireland's declaration of his receipts from 1 October 1595 to 30 September 1596, and of the issue thereof. Endorsed:—1596, January. Two sheets.

Jan.

64. List of Captains of 2,000 men for Ireland, and the places where they were to have been embarked. Endorsed:—1596, January, pp. 2.