Elizabeth I: volume 201, October 1597

October 1597

VOL. CCI. 1597. October—December.

1597. Oct. 1. Dublin.

1. The Lord Chancellor Loftus and others of the Council to Sir Robert Cecil. There have been brought to them of late two or three letters of advertisements, written from Spain to some merchants of Dublin, by their factors there. Send abstracts of these. Are of opinion that these preparations of Spain are made larger byreport than they are in deed; as by former observation has been found to be true.—Dublin, 1597, October 1. Signed, p. 1. Inclose,

1. I. Abstract of three letters, dated 16 September, lately sent out of Spain. That a straight commandment is come from the Court of Spain to warn all Frenchmen, Flemings, and Englishmen, dwelling near the seaside, to withdraw themselves into the country, or 30 or 40 leagues into the inland. This commandment was published the 26th of August last, and carried a penalty of confiscation of their goods and three months' imprisonment, and to take beginning within twenty days after the publishing thereof. It is reported that there are at Ferrol 24,000 " landing men " to go for Ireland, and that they should have been at sea the 15 inst. On the 25 news name that the English fleet was descried at sea forty leagues from Cascales. That great provision of biscuit and other victuals daily passes to Ferrol from St. Sebastian, Bilbao, Alaredo, the passage, and other parts of the coast of Biscay. That there have been sent from the cities and towns to Lisbon, 12,000 proper fighting men, besides 10,000 old soldiers, who were there before. That there are in the bay of Lisbon twenty-four galleys to keep the river, and twenty-four galleys that came out of Italy with 12,000 old soldiers, who, arriving at Calais, were' appointed to pass thence to Lisbon. That Madrid sent also, at its own cost, to further the King's intent, 900 soldiers in suitable liveries; so that the Spaniards report they were never so fitted for the coming of the English fleet. That at Bilbao there is great building of ships, viz., six great ships in that river, and twelve in the passage; but the plague is so great that they do not go forward in the passage. The plague is also round about Bilbao, and at least 56 towns are infected. Signed by Sir Geffrey Fenton.—Dublin, 1597, October 1. pp. 1½.

Oct. 2. Dublin.

2. The Lord Chancellor Loftus to Sir Robert Cecil. Touching the vacant Deanery of St. Patrick's. Has received no answer to his letters to Burghley concerning the same. Lately directed by the Lord Deputy to deliver over to his Lordship's steward all the bonds taken of several persons for the payment of the corn due to that living, that the same may be used for his Lordship's house. Has answered the Lord Deputy that he has already written into England, and is expecting an answer daily; and that, upon the receipt thereof, unless otherwise directed, he will be very willing to satisfy his Lordship's desire in any reasonable matter. Craves to understand Her Majesty's pleasure. Prays that the Chapter and himself may proceed to an election, according to the charters and foundation of that church, as they have ever done.—Dublin, 1597, October 2. Signed, pp. 1½.

Oct. 3. Dublin.

3. Sir Henry Wallop to Burghley. His great grief that Burghley should have taken offence at his letter to Sir Robert Cecil concerning the ordinances. Sent his opinion as it was asked. Has had no disposition to have impugned them, but has furthered the putting of them into execution. The supposed great commodities of his place. Has so maintained his band of foot, that no company has been so continually in action. Denies that he has taken 4d. in the pound for payment of fees and wages. The long time he has spent in Her Majesty's service, and his manner of spending it, no way tainted, he hopes, or to be touched. The great charges he has been put to. Had he not had an estate in England, he could never have run through as he has done. None of his allowances are so great as to countervail the burden even of the accounts he is subject to. Holds himself an unhappy man, but will ever be found, he hopes, an honest man. Nothing can be more grievous to him than Burghley's hard conceiving of him, which he has not deserved by writing as he did about the ordinances. Once more humbly beseeches Burghley to be satisfied, or that he may have leave to go into England to purge himself of these imputations that thus work his disgrace. The conclusion of Burghley's letter very comfortable to him. —Dublin, 1597, October 3. Signed. Seal. pp. 4.

Oct. 3.

4. Allowances given to the Lords Justices when there was no Deputy in Ireland, amounting to 2,001l. 2s. Id. per annum for each. Endorsed:—1597, October 3. p. 1.

Oct. 4. Dublin.,

5. Sir Henry Wallop to Sir Robert Cecil. The sharply written letter received by him from Burghley. His grief thereat. Nothing was ever further from his purpose or meaning than to cross or impugn the ordinances. Has justified himself to Burghley. Sends copies of his Lordship's letter, and of his reply. Hopes that Sir Robert will not only be satisfied, but mediate with Burghley for him. Otherwise, craves license to repair into England to justify himself; " for, as I am here for the present, I shall little stead Her Majesty for her service, being made in manner the subject of all men's speech that come out of England, and so report of my disgraces at Court, and the hard opinion there conceived of me, as I am held unworthy and in little regard, and thereby disabled to discharge such duties as otherwise would prove happily of consequence for the service of Her Highness."—Dublin, 1597, October 4. Signed. pp. 1½. Incloses,

5. I. Burghley to Sir Henry Wallop. Has seen the letter of July 29 sent by Wallop to Sir Robert Cecil, and is surprised at the contents. Wallop's opposition to the ordinances, after the Lord Deputy had approved of them, on two particular grounds. First, the difficulty of paying particular hands dispersed into sundry parts of the realm. " The second objection is a pretence that the soldier may be better furnished with Irish stuff, as to have Irish frieze for good English cloth, or to have Irish brogues of calf skins or sheep shins for good shoes of neat's leather out of England; and instead of English cassocks of good cloth, to be provided of mantles of Irish frieze, an apparel far unfit for a soldier that shall use his weapon in the field; but the end hereof is, that where Her Majesty meant to have so much money stayed within the realm of England, and in lieu thereof to send good apparel, at as reasonable prices as her soldiers be served in the Low Countries, you, her Treasurer, would force Her Majesty to send the money by your hands to be there employed by your direction, and to have also allowance for portage thereof out of England, as you have very liberally paid you for all other treasure, yea, many times for sundry sums of money paid here in England by your servants, and never carried a mile from London." Has written to the Lord Deputy to confer with Wallop. Will be more ready to execute his Lordship's opinion for the benefit of Her Majesty and the weal of her country, than he will be ruled by Wallop's "indirection against Her Majesty's service and profit." Thinks that Wallop has less cause than any other Councillor for his opposition, because of his divers good allowances. Enumerates these. " Other allowances are known that you take without warrant to my knowledge; that is, 4d. upon the pound in payment of fees and wages ; into the reckoning whereof I do not mean now to enter." Means not to give great credit to other common reports in Ireland, " in what sort the bills of captains be bought aforehand for small sums of money paid to your servants and deputies." "And this I pray you to accept as [? from] one that hath of long time made estimation of you, and cannot but frankly deliver unto you what I mislike in you at this time."— The Court, 1597, August 12. Copy. pp. 2.

5. ii. Sir Henry Wallop to Burghley. Duplicate of the letter of October 3 above (No. 3).—Dublin. Endorsed:—1597, October 3. Copy. pp. 3.

Oct. 5. Dublin.

6. Sir Henry Wallop to Burghley. His friends at Court have advertised him of certain other dislikes conceived of him, so presumes briefly to satisfy Burghley. It is offensively taken that of all victuals sent to Ireland no deduction is made, nor for any victuals delivered by the country, and that no checks are deducted, the bands being known to be much weakened. Further, that he has not allowed the entertainments of captains and others in pay upon the rents due by them for farms they hold of Her Majesty. Whatever it shall justly appear he has omitted to defalcate to Her Majesty's use for victuals or checks, according to the certificates, he is content to pay himself out of his poor worth. Therein has used all due regard. The Clerk of the Check and the Victualler do but half-yearly deliver in their certificates to him. The like answer he makes for [the victuals delivered by] the country. As for not allowing the captains and others holding farms of Her Majesty their entertainments upon their rents, many of them by special warrants have such allowances upon their entertainments, but, if all should be so allowed (considering the revenues of Connaught and Munster are received by the Governors of those Provinces, respecting also the decay of the revenue by these troubles), the residue would not suffice to pay the Judges and other patentees, payable out of the revenues.—Dublin, 1597, October 5. Signed. pp. 1½.

Oct. 5. Dublin.

7. Sir Geffrey Fenton to Sir Robert Cecil. Even now it is advertised that the fort of the Blackwater was assaulted three days ago with thirty scaling ladders. In this attempt Tyrone had made choice of certain resolute men, of the best training amongst all his forces, and had caused them to take an oath and to receive " their Papal Sacrament," not to abandon the enterprise till they had carried the fort. But the captain, who had charge there for Her Majesty, drawing them by device to his own advantage, put them from their purpose, with the loss of all their scaling ladders, and sundry of their best men left dead upon the ground. Makes bold to acquaint his Honour with this, as one good matter amongst so many distresses of the Government. This is the day on which the Lord Deputy promised to begin his march towards the Blackwater [fort], to re-victual it Hears nothing as yet of any alteration.

There are come within two days into Leinster certain Robin Hoods, set on and enabled by Tyrone, namely, Brian Reogh O'More, and the two sons of the late Feagh M'Hugh, who yesternight made some small burnings in the Queen's County and borders of Kildare, and are now passed over to the Glynns, their old den. Doubts not they have a large confederacy amongst the Kavanaghs, the O'Mores, and O'Connors, with other septs in Leinster. This is a beginning of the unsoundness of Leinster, which _e has so often touched upon in his former letters. It is not known yet what the number is of these new disturbers. Thinks they do not exceed 200, and that they have not done much, beside some petty burnings, which might have been prevented if the country had shown themselves as they ought to have done.—Dublin, 1597, October 5. Signed. Endorsed:— "Received at Whitehall the 9th of November." p. 1.

Oct. 8. Dublin.

8. Sir Henry Wallop to Burghley. Did not write concerning the issue of the last treasure, as the Lord Deputy had said he would. His Lordship's present sickness at the Newry may be a hindrance to his purpose. Can make no particular certificate of the issue, as the paymasters' books have not been received from Athlone, Newry, and Carrickfergus. Some particulars of the issue of the said treasure, which amounted to 22,100l. To pay the lendings for October some 1,500l. more will be required. For the time to come they rely upon a supply. Accounts not yet received from Sir Ralph Lane, Mr. Kyffin, the Victualler, and the Master of the Ordnance. If the Lord Deputy's sickness be of any continuance will send a certificate of the issue of the treasure before his return.— Dublin, 1597, October 8. Signed. Seal. pp. 1½.

Oct. 10.

9. Declaration of the account of Sir Henry Wallop, knight, SubTreasurer of Ireland, for one year, ended at the feast of St. Michael, in the thirty-eighth year of Queen Elizabeth.—1597, October 10. Signed by the Auditor, Christopher Peyton. One sheet.

Oct. 11.

10. Sir Thomas Norreys to Burghley, " I presume to present my excuse for not acquainting your Honour by my letters with the grievous accident of my brother's decease, which I thought might be performed in more convenient time and in fitter manner by your honourable son, Sir Robert Cecil." Expresses devotion to Burghley.

Munster is in reasonable good quiet, the M'Shees, who the last winter infested them most, being in a manner all cut off, with their adherents and " relivers." Very lately apprehended and executed a base son of Lord Roche's, who, for his aptness to do mischief, held a great reputation amongst men of his quality. By this means those parts are much quieted. What most troubles the poor inhabitants of Minister is the granting out of writs and certioraris from the Courts in Dublin for small trespasses and matters of no moment, by which means they are not only deprived of the speedy execution of justice, but also many times robbed, spoiled, and murdered in their travel thither. Burghley can be informed of further particulars by the bearer, Mr. Nicholas Curteys, who has long served as Clerk of the Council with great honesty and diligence, and who acknowledges to have received his first advancement from Burghley. —1597, October 11. Signed. p. 1.

Oct. 12. Waterford.

11. James Sherloke to Sir Robert Cecil. Against one Thomas Fitzgerald, a foundling of Sir Francis Walsingham's, who is now at Court, laying claim to M'Thomas's lands, and also to other lands belonging to Sherloke and other gentlemen in the county of Waterford. —Attainder of one of the family. Has written to Burghley.— Waterford, 1597, October 12. Holograph. pp. 2.

Oct. 13. Newry.

12. Marshal Sir Henry Bagenall to the Queen. "I presume to make humbly bold to acquaint your Highness that it hath pleased God to take to His mercy my most honourable Lord your Deputy this present evening; a gentleman who, for his forwardness and valour in your service, was as zealous in his prosecution thereof as any whatsoever his predecessors in my time, and did, with as great honour to your Majesty, during his short continuance, acquit himself in all his actions. It is my part to signify thus much in respect of the duty I bear your sacred Majesty. I would humbly crave pardon to be more prolix, were it not I am privy to certain instructions, as also to a letter framed: in the beginning of his sickness, containing as well the whole course of his government, as his opinion of the necessity of the service to be continued. Therefore, as it pleased his Lordship to have often conference with me, especially about the Ulster service, so have I made bold to write my opinion to your Secretary, wherein I imagine I have concurred with him in judgment, and where unto (under correction be it written) no man of experience, and of late exercise in this kingdom, can justly gainsay." Refers to the bearer for further particulars. His prayers for the Queen and Ireland, " this poor and distressed commonweal." Has spent much of his patrimony in England to do her service against " this proud vassal and his complices." Will not leave to lose both patrimony and life till he shall (as he hopes) see him and them brought to utter confusion.—Newry, 1597, October 13. Signed. p. 1.

Oct. 13. Newry.

13. Marshal Sir, Henry Bagenall to Burghley. Did not think he would have been troublesome to his Lordship at this time, as he had written to Sir Robert Cecil so largely concerning the miserable state of this distressed commonwealth, now become in much more desperate case by the loss of so honourable a Deputy, whose whole thoughts and designments were only tending to the defence of the subject from the incursion of the rebel and extortion of the soldier. Yet thought it his duty to write a few words to Burghley concerning his own entertainment. This was much greater at the first erection of his office, by reason of the perquisites. Now he has but five shillings per diem (scarce the moiety of the entertainments of divers commanders, serving in Ireland but in mean place). Has altogether wasted his own patrimony, and his charge by this war is doubly increased. Beseeches the grant of some extraordinary entertainment for his relief and encouragement. —Newry, 1597, October 13. Signed. Seal. p. 1.

Oct. 13. Newry.

14. Marshal Sir Henry Bagenall to Sir Robert Cecil. "Right Honourable, this noble Deputy received, as it seemed, a letter from you, or my Lord your father, wherein he was required to send over some man of trust, well furnished with the knowledge of the present state of this kingdom. He thereupon made choice of this gent., and gave him instructions, as also a draft of a letter to Her Majesty, purposing indeed (as it seemed by his conference with me) to give thereby a reason of all his former doings, and to show a necessity of the continuance of the course begun. He, falling more sick every day than other (contrary to all expectation) is this present night dead; his servants are dispersed, and no man that I see taking care of the former honour of the dead but this bearer, who is going over with that business, in respect of his Lordship's command in my hearing, as also to know how Her Majesty will be pleased to dispose of the dead carcase, for that, since my remembrance, no Deputy hath died before in this kingdom. I send you herein the last testament of his Lordship, had he been able to have signed it, for, in his very ordinary conference, he made semblance of more love to your Honour than to any other that I heard of; howbeit, in respect of his more being in the field, I had continual occasion to be with him, and to observe his affection. I must be an humble suitor that there may be a present resolution sent for the bestowing of his carcase, according Her Majesty's pleasure, so that then some order may be taken to license his people to leave their attendance, whereas now they remain with me to attend the body as is convenient. For the advancement of Her Majesty's service his death came very untimely, and, in a word, my opinion (under your correction) is that, without another fit man, able to second the course already begun, all that money spent in this government is lost, and besides there hangeth an imminent danger of a present and general revolt throughout the kingdom, whereof I thought it my duty to give you notice, referring your Honour to my letter written to you now thereof more at large, and so do leave it to your grave consideration. From the Newry, this 13 of October 1597." [Postscript]—Refers the extraordinary expenses of the bearer to Sir Robert, as there is no time for him to repair to the Council at Dublin for money. [The name of the bearer is not given in the letter, but an endorsement says, " Mr. Mychell commended."]—Signed. Seal. p. 1. Incloses,

14. I. The last will and testament of Thomas, Lord Burgh, Baron of Gainsborough, Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter, and Lord Deputy of Ireland. Bequeaths his soul to God, and his body to be buried where and how Her Majesty pleases. Presents to the Queen his best Garter and George, together with his letter and instructions concerning Ireland and his own private estate. Hopes Her Majesty will receive his wife and children into her protection, he having spent his patrimony, and ended his days, in her service. Appoints Sir Robert Cecil and Sir Henry Bagenall as the " overseers " of this his last will and testament, and bequeaths to each of them one of the best pieces of plate that he has, as a token of his love. Bequeaths to his wife, Lady Frances Burgh, all his goods, household stuff, horses, plate, and whatsoever is his, either in England or Ireland, nothing doubting that she will bring up his children in the true fear of God.—1597, October 12.

This will is not signed, but there is the following note, attested by Sir Henry Bagenall and John Dymok:—" This was purposed to have been perfected by my Lord Deputy in his good memory, but, being at last demanded to sign it, refused, saying he had already ordered, and, his memory failing, it was not to be done, whereof I am witness, as also of this gent's care for my Lady." p. l.

Oct. 13. Newry.

15. Marshal Sir Henry Bagenall to Sir Robert Cecil. Considers it is his duty to inform Sir Robert truly and sincerely, as near as by his own experience and knowledge he may, what are the principal causes of the slow success of Her Highness's service in Irelaud, and wherein the chiefest defects for the prosecution thereof do consist.

The root of this rebellion is grounded upon so general a combination, and the same therewithal of late so entangled with a hope of Spain, that there is now no likelihood of removing either the one or the other by any other means than by force. If the advice of some had heretofore been hearkened to, the rebellion had ere this been ended, with far less charge to Her Majesty than now will be.

Her Majesty sent over this year forces sufficient for a prosecution. "But the men coming hither, almost in the beginning of May, continued here without any employment at all, until the beginning of July, during which time both they, and the rest of the forces formerly sent hither, were driven, for want of competent provision of victual, to live only upon bread and water. By means whereof great numbers of them in that space were sunk and utterly decayed, to the great weakening of the body of the army, at such time as it was for the service then intended drawn into the field ; so as indeed it may hereby appear that not (as by some is supposed) the alteration of the climate, but the want of sufficient provision of victual for the soldier in due time, is, only and alone, the very cause that our English do here so soon decay."

Great want of competent numbers of horsemen wherein the rebels do greatly overtop them. The small allowance granted to the horseman being four shillings and sixpence sterling per week. This is so little that he cannot possibly reside in any place of garrison, unless it be where he lives more by the spoil of the subject than by his allowance.

The first journey this summer into Ulster succeeded so little through the intendment of passing further than the provision of the army allowed. They were constrained to return without performing what otherwise might have been effected, to the great furtherance of the service. " Notwithstanding, it is not to be expected that a rebellion grown to that height of pride and insolence that this here now is, and withal so general can, by the marching of an army only, be reduced in any short time to a settled quietness."

Is of opinion that the most speedy and readiest means for a reducement is to establish strong garrisons in all the most convenient places, where they may both border nearest the rebel, to annoy him, and by sea be relieved with victual, or any other meet provisions, from time to time, without any impeachment or danger. No inland garrisons should as yet be placed, as some of late have been, the victualling whereof is found by experience, through the exceeding weakness of the numbers of English in the army, very dangerous for the hazarding of the state of Ireland, and besides an intolerable charge to Her Majesty. A plain demonstration of this his Honour may perceive in the last revictualling of the fort at the Blackwater, when were drawn together all the forces in Ireland, except only a few left in garrison in remote places. The men numbered above 1,700, and amongst these there were not above 400 " mere English," the residue being all Irish, and many of them such as do now serve with the traitors. How dangerous it is to have the body of the army compounded of that sort of men, he refers to Sir Robert's grave censure.

It is very lamentable to remember in what miserable manner great numbers of the English did of late, even since the return from the first journey to the Blackwater, daily die and starve for want of means. " For, howsoever honourably and providently there was of Her Majesty's treasure sufficient sent over by way of lending to relieve the soldiers' wants; by whose default I know not, but the money remained near two months in the Treasurer's hands, after the arrival thereof, before the poor soldier received any taste of it ; many of them perishing while the matter was held so long in dispute, how it should be disposed of."

Advises that the companies now in Ireland be reinforced with English, and that sufficient provision be made of victuals and clothing ; also, that the garrisons be then planted near the enemy, and yet so that they may be victualled by sea. Some are already so placed, and have not been " thrust into the English Pale and other parts, for the private gain of some, without respect to Her Majesty's service, which hath formerly been a usual practice." Asks that there be sent next spring a garrison of 1,000 men, to land at Lough Foyle, with provisions sufficient for four or five months, whereby the arch-traitors Tyrone and O'Donnell may then be kept occupied in those parts. Expects great success, before the winter passes, from the placing of the garrisons as above advised. " And then, consequently, at the spring, the garrison arriving at Lough Foyle, to busy the rebel that way, and the forces here already to go upon them this way, it is oat of question the pride of their force will in short time by due prosecution be quite overthrown, and this troublesome rebellion brought to an end. But otherwise, so long as Tyrone shall have that large scope of ground that now he hath left him free to wander up and down in at his pleasure, being, from this place (which is the nearest garrison now to him to be victualled by sea) to the west sea in O'Donnell's country, above 120 miles, there can no great annoyance be done him in any short time by confronting him with an army only in these parts."

Has made these things known to Sir Robert in the discharge of his duty, without partiality or malice. Has already lost more in his private estate than any other besides in the kingdom. Will sacrifice all, even the dearest blood in his heart, in this service of Her Majesty, not doubting but she will have gracious consideration of him.—Newry, 1597, October 13. Signed. Seal. pp.3.

Oct. 14.

16. Marshal Sir Henry Bagenall to Sir Robert Cecil. Asking for a confirmation of the grant made by the late Lord Deputy Burgh to Captain Francis Stafford of the vacant Constableship of the Castle of Limerick.—1597, October 14. Signed, p. 1.

Oct. 16. Dublin.

17. The Lord Chancellor Loftus and others of the Council to the Privy Council. " The Lord Deputy being on a journey to revictual the fort of Blackwater, fell dangerously sick of an Irish ague at Armagh the 6th of this month, and passing on nevertheless to the fort, with a meaning, as it seemed, to pierce further into the traitor's country, was driven by the working of his sickness, which weakened him more and more, to divert that purpose, and to return in a litter directly to the Newry, where he hath remained ever since, and there departed this life the 13th of this present. We were determined, at the first advertisement of his Lordship's sickness from Armagh, to have signified the same to your Lordships, were it not that there hath been no possibility of passage since, by reason the wind hath hung strong in the east, so as no bark could pass out of this harbour, or any other port, for England. And now it is no small grief to us all to transmit these heavy news to your Lordships of the death of this nobleman, a worthy member for Her Majesty's service of this realm, specially at a time that the kingdom standeth so dangerously distracted almost in all the parts of it, and the affairs of the realm so universally confused and disordered (sic), as, in our memory who have longest served here, we have not seen the like; the same being grown to this height by this overgrown rebellion of Tyrone and his faction, which by time hath festered and corrupted most of the families of the Irishryes (sic) in the four Provinces of the realm; the remedy and redress whereof, next under God, resteth in Her sacred Majesty, whom it may please your Lordships, upon the occasion of this charge, to move, as well for some course to be held for the redress of this broken government, as also to send over some meet person out of hand, to take the superior charge thereof; who the sooner he shall be dispatched hither, the sooner may he proceed in his course, according such grave instructions as he shall receive from Her Majesty and your Lordships." Meanwhile they have proceeded this day to make out writs for assembling at the Council on the 28th inst., to choose one or two Lords Justices, according to the statute of 33 Hen. VIII.

Assure themselves that the traitor Tyrone and the rest, upon this accident of the Lord Deputy's death, will omit no opportunity to break out into all violence upon the borders and other places, where they think they may distress the English Pale, or any other fort or hold kept by Her Majesty. Advertisement just come of their sudden meeting in Council, and how they are gathering all their forces. Besides, Tyrone has sent a special force, under some of his best leaders, consisting of about 400, to renew and maintain a rebellion in Leinster, where they draw to them daily many friends, and many await to come to them, as they shall see them to increase in strength. Now that they see the realm destitute of a Governor they will do all they can to endanger Leinster especially, and the English Pale, which is the heart and seat of Ireland. Against them the Earl of Ormonde makes head, and will be supplied with all things in the power of the Council. Will do what they can to strengthen the rest of the borders, with Cavan, and other places kept for Her Majesty. The companies are extremely weak, as the Lord Deputy found in his time, whenever he had to call them out to service.

1597.

Prays for more money to be sent out of hand. The Treasurer will send by the next the account of the issue of the last treasure of 22,000l. No money is to be raised by borrowing in Dublin. The great increase of charges. The last three letters from the Privy Council, being addressed only to the Lord Deputy, were forwarded to him at Newry. Do not know the contents. Have sent for the letters. — Dublin, 1597, October 16. Signed. pp. 2.

[Oct. 16.]

18. "Mr. Kyffin's Breviate." Statement by Maurice Kyffin of the companies of horse and foot erected, cassed, converted, and raised from smaller numbers to greater in list, by " the late Lord Burgh, Lord Deputy of Ireland" [who died 13 October]. Six companies of horse were erected in August 1597; three companies of horse were cassed in the same month. " All the horsemen remaining of these bands at the time of their cassing, disbanded and ran away, so as none of them could be turned over to reinforce any other band." Three foot-bands were erected in August and September 1597. Seven foot-bands, containing 208 soldiers, were cassed in August 1597; the greatest part of the men were "sick and unserviceable," but were distributed into other bands. The cassed soldiers, however, ran away generally, and the sick perished." Two horse-bands were converted into foot-bands in September 1597. — Signed by Maurice Kyffin. One sheet.

Oct. 17. Dublin.

19. Sir Geffrey Fenton to Sir Robert Cecil. The unexpected death of the Lord Deputy has wrought no small astonishment in them all. Fears the want of a Governor, such as he was, will breed dangerous sequels in Ireland, being so universally distracted as it is. The coming election of Lords Justices will, in his opinion, " do little good to the staying of these calamities, what good industry soever be used, for, so far are things out of frame here, as the ministry of any superior officer, chosen by authority here, will be too weak to reduce them to better." Therefore it were good Her Majesty would out of hand send one from England, " authorised and directed to end these broils, if not by force, which your Honour seeth hath done no good these three years, at least by some other milder way of pacification, which being well carried, God may bless it [as] a mean to do that which arms and war could not do. I dare write no more amply in this advice for peace, considering how hardly I have been interpreted, both here and there, for labouring for peace, which I saw, and do see still, that the course of wars will not bring to pass, but by an excessive waste of Her Majesty's treasure, and the hazardous exposing of this kingdom to ruin at home, and a dangerous rage of the foreign enemy abroad; who, it is to be thought, will not so slightly pass over opportunities future (sic) to invade this realm, as he hath done for the years precedent." It is to yourself alone that I write this, reposing much in " your honourable mind to favour my plans, and to cover me therein, humbly wishing your Honour to consider that, seeing the trial of three or four years by war and force hath done no good to the clearing of this rebellion, but rather hath made it worse, how meet it were now to alter the course, and prove by a milder way to win their hearts, who will hardly be won by extremities."

It is most needful to dispatch away the new Deputy, without staying upon his preparations. The three packets lately sent by Sir Robert, directed only to the Lord Deputy Burgh, were forwarded to him unopened, and retained by him till his death. Has written to Sir Henry Bagenall to send them to Dublin out of hand.— Dublin, 1597, October 17. Signed. Seal. p. 1.

Oct. 17. Athloae.

20. Sir Conyers Clifford to Burghley. Sends these scribbled lines in haste, doubting a present alteration by the loss of the last most worthy Deputy, whose endeavours in [a] short time would have showed his faithful service by good fruits. " It hath pleased God to appoint him elsewhere." Ireland may not be long unsupplied. The fickleness of the people requires a speedy supply and a worthy choice, " for I do assure your Lordship, if there be any course taken with them, but prosecution with the sword, they will make it their advantage. Their hearts are so hardened in treason, and their conscience so mistrustful for their wicked deeds, as they will not without some more misery fall to any better life."

Had great hopes before this loss to have gained all Connaught. O'Rourke has made show of submission, and spoke with O'Connor Sligo, in whom Burghley's good opinion is not deceived. All the rest of the people have come to Sir Conyers, since he has again banished M'William, who has returned into the north, the most despised man living for his continual ill success. Many of his chief men were slain on his retreat, and the rest of the county of Mayo have sent to Sir Conyers for protection, and promise their pledges. So do generally the whole Province, O'Rourke excepted, who is not yet come so near grace. Will advertise Burghley again upon the first occasion, and will seek to keep the country at least at the good estate it is yet in. Hopes to bring it to amendment.—Athlone, 1597, October 17. Holograph. p. 1.

Oct. 17. Athlone.

21. Sir Conyers Clifford to Sir Robert Cecil. The death of the Lord Deputy. Tyrone's unsuccessful attempt on the fort of the Blackwater. Being gathered with all his assistance to resist Lord Burgh, Tyrone never " came to prike proke." This will lessen him in the opinion of his own common people, if there be no slackening on the Lord Deputy's death. Will be set a work by O'Donnell on the first knowledge of his Lordship's death, to bring the people again to his wicked " section," but fears him not. If this had not happened, was in great hope to have given O'Donnell a sound blow, for, in the absence of the Lord Deputy, Sir Conyers endeavoured to stay as many men in those parts as he might. Thus he " entertained a parlament" with O'Rourke, who seemed weary of their companies. Besides him, there came to Sir Conyers the whole of the people in action in Connaught, who all swore to put in their pledges in twenty days. Seven days thereof have yet to expire. What change this will bring in their fickle minds he knows not; otherwise he assures himself to dispatch with the country whereby O'Donnell must only be broken ; which ends these wars. His Honour may be assured, if either Tyrone or O'Donnell be once broken thoroughly, this war is ended ; the other cannot stand. His sense of Sir Robert's favour. Has endeavoured to perform as much as he possibly might, to discharge Her Majesty's trust. Desires that he may be strengthened with the favour of the new Lord Deputy.—Athlone, 1597, October 17. Holograph. pp. 2.

Oct. 18. Dublin.

22. The Lord Chancellor Loftus to Burghley. The death of the Lord Deputy. Is emboldened to write a few lines in private to Burghley. The coming election of a Lord Justice on the 28th inst. God knows whether a general regard to the good of this decayed commonweal, or private respects, will bear most sway in each man's consideration. Urges the speedy appointment of a Lord Deputy, fit for either a prosecution or a pacification.

"My good Lord, it hath here fallen out even as in the very beginning I have often foretold; a most dangerous war. The captains die; the soldiers die; Her Majesty's treasure, victuals, and munition consumed ; the army (notwithstanding Her Majesty's special ordinances lately sent hither for their payment) groweth daily weaker and weaker; what the cause is I know not; the rebels exceedingly increased and grown very strong ; the country left, not impoverished, but almost utterly desolate."

The traitor Tyrone has sent, as it is reported, 1,000 men into the old receptacle of traitors, the Glynns in those mountains. Are credibly informed there are 700 or 800 at the least, under the leading of Brian Reogh, one of the Moores of Leix, and the two sons of Feagh M'Hugh. They have, within this week, burned and spoiled many towns within six miles of Dublin. Besides, Onie M'Rory, the chiefest of the Moores in Leix, is now there, with 200 rebels, ready to do mischief. Tyrone himself encamps with 1,000 men upon the border of the Pale, ready to invade it; " and very easily may he do so, and come even to the gates of Dublin, if better order be not speedily taken to resist him."

It was thought that Sir Conyers Clifford might have kept O'Donnell's forces from coming to the aid of the Earl; howbeit O'Donnell, O'Rourke, Maguire, and all the rest are come to him; "so as your Lordship may perceive how we are environed on all sides, and in what lamentable estate we remain here in this cursed country. How to relieve us I know not; prosecute them, we are not able, they are so strong and diversely dispersed into many parts and places of the land; and yield to their desires, we leave them most proud insulters. Yet, of the two evils, the lesser is to [be] chosen. I see not, in my poor understanding, a safer course to be held, the present time and danger of this already shaken kingdom considered, than a motion of some pacification to be thought upon and managed by some wise and discreet persons, if so it may stand with Her Majesty's pleasure, until hereafter, when this fury is past, she may with more conveniency correct the heads of these wicked traitors." Craves pardon for his boldness upon this sudden occasion. Respect for his bounden duty has driven him to it. — Dublin, 1597, October 18. Signed. Seal. pp. 2.

Oct. 18. Dublin.

23. Sir Henry Wallop to Sir Robert Cecil. " I cannot by any means express unto your Honour my grief for the heavy accident that is befallen here. God hath pleased to call away for the further plague of this unfortunate realm our most noble Lord Deputy. He died at the Newry the 13th hereof, after eleven days' sickness of this country's ague. My particular loss were vain for me to speak of, though never any of so little acquaintance had such power over me, being one of the noblest gents that ever I knew. But Her Majesty's loss, and this kingdom's, 1 cannot but bitterly lament, for surely his care [and] industry promised to us all great matters from him. But now he is gone, it remaineth that, as much as may be, be speedily done for supplying this government." The coming election of one or two Lords Justices. Never such need for the choice of a noble and wise Lord Deputy.

Desires that more treasure be speedily sent. The last has been stretched to the uttermost. Has done his best endeavour for the getting in of Mr. Antone's debts.—Dublin, 1597, October 18. Signed, pp. 1½.

Oct. 18. Dublin.

24. Sir Charles Calthorpe, Attorney-General of Ireland, to Sir Robert Cecil. Will not continue his suit for the vacancy caused by Sir Robert Dillon's death, unless he can have the same entertainment. Mr. Justice Walsh is rich, and may serve for less.—Dublin, 1597, October 18. Signed, p. 1.

Oct. 20. Dublin.

25. Philip Williams to Sir Robert Cecil. The death of the Lord Deputy, who admitted him long ere he died to " the inwardest of his designs and endeavours" for Her Majesty's service. Among the rest, he told Williams that, though he pretended no more than the relieving of the Blackwater, yet he fully purposed, presently on the putting in of the victuals and munition, to have pierced Tyrone's fastness, and that night to have encamped at Dungannon, and so to have harried all Tyrone, and either have forced the traitor to have fought upon plain and even ground, or to have abandoned his whole creaght; whereby, as the traitor would have been undone, so the Pale would have been "replenished with bestial," whereof it is now in as great want as it is of corn. To make his attempts in Tyrone the more feasible, the Lord Deputy had, by means of one Ross Bane M'Mahon, drawn Brian M'Hugh Oge, who usurps the title of M'Mahon upon the arch-traitor's creation, to have a secret dependence on his Lordship. Besides this Brian, Sir Arthur, the son of the late Sir Tirlogh Lynagh O'Neill, had made an offer of himself and all about Strabane; whereupon others must have followed. Some overture was made on behalf of Harry M'Shane, the principal of Tyrone next to the arch-traitor himself.

To show how well the Lord Deputy had profited in so short a time in knowledge of things appertaining to Ireland, sends copy of a letter written to the Council in answer to one of theirs endeavouring to dissuade him from his journey, and to persuade him to bend his whole endeavours to guard the Pale, wherein another fire began then to kindle. " To all these sufficiencies, he was as free from corruption as man might be, and as sparing for Her Majesty; but somewhat too lavish of his own. But death hath made an end of all, the traitor triumpheth as much as the subject lamenteth, and all things begin to go as far again backward, as he had brought them forward, and like to be worse yet, if the government be not the sooner re-established." The coming election of a Lord Justice, who must not be an " ecclesiastical person."

Thanks Sir Robert for " preferring " him to so noble and worthy a gentleman as Lord Burgh was. The charges he has been at. Desires preferment to the next Governor, and also Her Majesty's warrant for a lease of certain lands in a way to be escheated in Munster. — Dublin, 1597, October 20. Holograph. Seal. pp. 2. Incloses,

25. I. The Lord Deputy Burgh to the Lord Chancellor Loftus and the rest of the Council in Ireland. The troubles threatening Leix and Offaley, and other parts of the Pale and borders. The Council conceive the removal of the forces may breed a great peril to the country. They assented to his journey towards the North. If they repent, he will be ready to execute any reasonable and sound alteration. " Nevertheless, I will give you this caution; it was to be expected the great divill would throw out his firebrands to what mischief he might, when in his bosom he was despited, by planting a neighbourhood likely to impale his own walks" [i.e., by planting garrisons in his neighbourhood that would be likely to pale in, or limit, Tyrone's excursions]. "And impossible it is, if Her Majesty had an army of 50,000 men, to avoid the fire which a few dispersed woodkern will kindle in a village or cornstack, where the sluggishness of the people will not defend themselves." Gives an instance in Offaley. The gentleman most harmed was with him in Dublin and told him of an intended practice. Thereupon Lord Burgh gave him order for the assistance of Captain Colley, and Captain Marshall, and half of Captain Sentleger's band; together with direction to Sir George Colley, Sir Thomas Moore, and Sir Henry Warren, Sheriff, to " relie " their forces together.

"Notwithstanding all this provision, behold the sequel, and compare things as they be fallen out. Herein I show how those private ills cannot be shunned by any providence, unless to one man's grief all our general care were converted, which, in my opinion, is not suitable with our business. Yet I lay before you such order taken as might have prevented this present ill, if good execution had been applied. Neither can it be said there lacked forces; for there were never before so many bands ordained to that county as now, when this mischief crept in amongst them. But, to speak plainly, the Sheriff hath never intended his duty; Sir George Colley, as little; and, no more, Sir Thomas Moore; whose livings and retinues need not call Her Majesty to the charge of their defence.

"Now must I touch the disposition of the people in the Pale. Place garrisons amongst them, they cry out of oppression. If the enemy run them, they wish a company, where fifty ensigns cannot impeach the passage of every bog and wood, which gives safety to a few lewd persons to steal upon particular men's goods. Pursue the rebels, one or other relieves them; seek to defend some, other draw drafts upon them, so as, being safe among themselves, and wavering in every condition, none can tell how to proceed to their contentment. Hence ascend I to the care of the public, which I refer to you. The arch-traitor Tyrone is followed, he seeks to divert question, if you will go on or be withdrawn. My opinion is, what he most would have done by us, as it is most to his benefit, so least we ought to be led to it. He would not have the North bordered with garrisons; he therefore proves if we will be amazed with smoke. Herein our part is to foresee the quality of diversion. Doth he impeach the means how to maintain Her Majesty's army ? If so, then that must be freed before progression can be made. Doth he more annoy the quiet of the kingdom, than he would if Her Majesty's forces were contained in the Pale, and assailed him not ? if so, then could I like that time were observed. But I am sure the army need not to be diverted, to make passage to our means; for those he cannot cut off; and I am of opinion, the more he is respited, the more he and his instruments will grow insolent ; and, as he will not contain himself within Ulster, much less should Her Majesty's forces insist upon a sole defence of Leinster, Munster, and Connaught, which he contends to overbrave with disturbances. It will peradventure be replied; Her Majesty gathered in these a revenue. I say, if that could be preserved by defence only, deliberation might be taken of the necessity of attempting. But, in this case, where an overgrown rebel hath infected the whole realm, if he be not undertaken, both the revenue so to be gathered, and much more of Her Majesty's treasure out of England, will be exhausted in a lingering war. Therefore, methinks, this should be no impediment to going on in the course begun.

"The fort at the Blackwater is the garrison that most offends him. Her Majesty hath her soldiers there. He is so despited thereat, as, knowing they be now near the waste of their victuals, he seeks to withdraw me, that he might destroy them,. Advise what in this case is best to be done. I, in my particular judgment, think not fit to leave these in habandon (sic). If your minds be other, acquaint me. To the matter of my intention that way (I mean to relieve the fort) this it is. I have spared all the companies of Leinster till the day of my setting forward, which I have appointed for the rendezvous. Then I shall need them, else I shall convoy very weakly. With their going and returning, their absence shall not exceed twelve days. If you will have them stay thereabouts, I will endeavour with the means I have. But, by their abode there, I can expect small good; for ever hitherto the savage kern slip by them, and burn and steal. This journey is like to conclude something notable. The rebel hath united O'Donnell unto him, who came and camped with him yesternight; they have assembled all they may, and vowed to set up their rest. My belief is, nothing ever sorted more likely of avail to Her Majesty's service than this their overweening resolution. They lodge by the pace between Armagh and the Blackwater; and there have they plotted their fight. By God's assistance, I will dislodge them before the 5th of the next month, and supply the Queen's fort, and save the honest captain and soldiers within it, and reinforce them with men. They be esteemed, as I have intelligence, in the rebel's camp, upwards of 3,000. I doubt not to march near 2,000. Of the difference of arms and order, I may receive comfort; but I leave that, and in the help of God, and in the goodness of the cause, I repose.

"This blow, being well stricken, will make restitution to the ruins of this miserable country, travailed with all lamentable calamities. I would, by oblation of my dearest blood, I could purchase quietness to this Her Majesty's inheritance and dominion. I will not be long from you. If you think I may at my return let slip any companies suddenly towards Leinster, to cut off those rogues, advertise what part." —Dundalk, [1597], September 26. Copy. pp. 2.

[? Oct. 20.]

26. The true advertisement of the last arrival of Spaniards in O'Donnell's country, and of their purpose, the same being sent to my Lord Hugh O'Connor Don.

The chief cause of their coming was a report in Spain that O'Neill, O'Donnell, and O'Rourke, were slain by Englishmen in these wars, and to know if this were true ; also, whether they would receive the King's army. O'Neill and O'Donnell came to the place where the Spaniards were, and continued with them two days and two nights, and promised to receive the Spaniards with all their forces. They had written to the King accordingly. Preparations by O'Donnell, after the departure of the Spaniards, so as to be ready " a Monday next come sevennight ": [note in margin:— "That will be the first of November"].— [1597, ? October 20.] Certified copy, signed by the Lord Chancellor Loftus and others of the Council, p. 1.

Oct. 21. Dublin.

27. The Lord Chancellor Loftus and the Archbishop of Armagh to Sir Robert Cecil. "There is amongst us here in Ireland, one Meredith Hanmer, a doctor of divinity, brought over into this land (as he saith) by the Lord Bishop of Cork in Munster, and commended unto us by the Vice-President and Council for the good service he did there. Since which time he hath taken great pains, and preached many learned sermons in our hearing; and also hath been of late employed by Sir John Norreys, Lord President of Munster, in the service of the North, as preacher to the army. Now for that (he saith) he hath some suit unto Her Highness for his preferment, we have thought good to signify thus much on his behalf."—Dublin, 1597, October 21. Signed, p.½.

1597. Oct. 24. Newry.

28. Marshal Sir Henry Bagenall to Sir Robert Cecil. In favour of Philip Williams. Testimony of Lord Burgh to his worth.— Newry, 1597, October 24. Signed, p. 1.

Oct. 24. Dublin.

29. Sir Ralph Lane to Burghley. His industry and unreproveable carriage in his office of the musters. The iniquity of his unjust accusers shown by time, and by the present experience of the provincial commissaries, lately erected according to Her Majesty's ordinances. The very self same courses reproved in him, to the hazard of his utter undoing, are now by those ordinances approved and established, and are in present practice, as well for the musters of garrisons as for the cessing of checks. The commissary is allowed to take the musters by the oaths of the captains or officers without view, and the cessing of the checks is permitted by discretion. These matters thoroughly looked into by the Lord Deputy deceased, who promised, on his return from the last journey, to acquit Sir Ralph by letters to the Privy Council. He also, at Drogheda, asked Sir Ralph whether he would surrender the patent of his office, and receive in lieu thereof, in England, a recompence in some other gift as good or better. This he offered on the ground of letters received by his Lordship from the Queen. Sends copies of Lord Burgh's project, and the answer written by himself thereto. Craves Burghley's furtherance of the same, and also his favour in the matter of Sir Ralph's councillorship in Ireland, from some of the privileges of which he is excluded. These might be some just public repair for his undeserved public disgraces.—Dublin, 1597, October 24. Signed, pp. 2. Incloses,

29. I. Directions set down by the Lord Deputy Burgh to the provincial commissaries, with respect to the taking of musters and the cessing of checks. Endorsed:—" Certified the 26th of October" [1597]. Copy. pp.1½

29. II. "Sir Ralph Lane's intended answer to a project of an offer made unto him the 10th of September 1597, at Tredagh [Drogheda] by the Lord Deputy" concerning his voluntary surrender of the office of mustermaster, and the receiving of some recompense in England as good or better. Agrees to the same, but, until fully possessed of his said recompense, promised in the Queen's letters to his Lordship, desires to be restored to the execution of some part of his office as mustermaster. Is ready, however, to do as Her Majesty wills. Signed, pp. 2.

Oct. 25. Drogheda.

30. Thomas Hamling, Mayor of Drogheda, to Sir Robert Cecil. For the payment of monies due unto the town, both for the keeping of certain Spanish and Italian prisoners committed to it in the year 1588, and also for the dieting of soldiers. — Drogheda, 1597, October 25. Signed, p. 1.

Oct. 26. Dublin.

31. Sir Ralph Lane to Sir Robert Cecil. Sends copy of Lord Burgh's directions to the provincial commissaries. The heavy charges brought against Sir Ralph when he pursued the very courses enjoined on those officers. Promise of Lord Burgh to acquit him to the Privy Council. Sir Ralph's interview with his Lordship at Drogheda. Sends copy of Lord Burgh's offer to him, and of his answer thereto. Desires Sir Robert's furtherance of the same, and also his letters that Sir Ralph may be duly sworn of the Council in Ireland.—Dublin, 1597, October 26. Signed. pp. 3. Incloses,

31. I. Directions of Lord Burgh to the Provincial commissaries. [Duplicate of No. 29. I. above.] pp. 1½.

31. II. Lord Burgh's offer to Sir Ralph, and his answer thereto. [Duplicate of No. 29. II. above.] Signed. pp. 2½.

Oct. 26.

32. List of captains of horse and foot in Connaught, with the numbers of their bands. Endorsed:—1597, October 26. p. 1.

Oct. 26. Dublin.

32a. James Nott to Sir Robert Cecil. Since taking leave of Sir Robert, has had nothing worthy of declaration. His interview with the late Lord Deputy Burgh, who, on his return to Dublin, was going to employ Nott to go to Scotland, there to prevent the coming of powder, munition, and artillery to the Earl of Tyrone, and to cause the apprehension of one Alexander Steward, who furnishes the Earl with powder and munition, and also of Garlon, the Earl's man, or of any other who should go to Scotland for the hurt of Ireland.

Plot for the getting again of Calais revealed to him by John Stanley, a brother of Sir William Stanley. Desires to hear " by the first " from Sir Robert concerning this matter. The letter may be directed to him in Dublin. Under the address of this letter is written:—" At Dublin, the 26th of October 1597." Signed, p. 1.

Oct. 27. Dublin.

33. Maurice Kyffin to Burgh ley. " Notwithstanding the incessant toil and trouble of the place I hold, whereby I am utterly deprived of all leisure and liberty, yet have I been rather over tedious than negligent in advertising your Lordship, from time to time, of the manifold and miserable disorders here; and, specially, that all the companies in this land., both horse and foot, are generally Irish ; and how dangerous a matter it is for Her Majesty to wage war, and use such forces against their own countrymen, kinsmen, and allies, your Lordship in wisdom can judge., and experience here doth manifestly show. They run away and revolt to the rebels daily and hourly. They betray forts, castles, houses, and villages, ordinarily. Of the bands and supplies sent out of England very few remain, and those never taught or trained in the use of their arms and weapons; so as God knoweth small and simple service can they do in time of fight. When I saw this shameful abuse, I did set down certain notes in writing, how to reform the same (as by the inclosed copy appeareth), the executing whereof the late Lord Deputy said he would command publicly. But his Lordship died before he had redressed anything of these enormities. The eternal God, by the mean of your Lordship, grant some amendment in time."—Dublin, 1597, October 27. Signed. p. 1. Incloses,

33. I. "Brief notes for the training of shot and particular bands in this realm, before they be brought to deal with the enemy." Endorsed: —"1597, October." pp. 3½.

Oct. 29. Whitehall.

34. Queen Elizabeth to the Council of Ireland. Notifying her choice of the Earl of Ormonde to be the Lieutenant-General of all her forces in Ireland, and that the Lords Justices to be appointed do continue in the charge of all civil affairs.—Whitehall, 1597, October 29. Copy. Entry Book, No. 194, fos. 43, 43b. pp. l½.

Oct. 29. Westminster.

35. Commission to the Earl of Ormonde to be LieutenantGeneral of all Her Majesty's forces in Ireland.—Westminster, 1597, October 29. Copy. Entry Book, No. 194, fos. 44, 44b. pp. 1½.

Oct. 29.

36. Another copy of the same. p. 1.

Oct. [? 29].

37. Draft of a letter from the Queen to the Earl of Ormonde, the Lords Justices, and Sir Henry Wallop, touching the entertainment of the Earl and the Justices. Endorsed:—"October [129], 1597." See under November 1, 1597. p. 1.

Oct. 29. Dublin.

38. The Council of Ireland to Sir Robert Cecil. Have chosen Sir Thomas Norreys, knight, to be a Lord Justice, as he is, in their conceits, a person tempered both for martial affairs and civil government. The election much against his own mind, especially as he had lately received Her Majesty's letters for his establishment as Lord President of Munster. Trust Her Majesty may descend into some consideration for the redress of the present distractions and confusions of Ireland. Find that by the still continuing rebellions, the hazard and danger of the kingdom are more and more increased. To-morrow the Lord Justice is to take the oath and receive the sword. Have pressed him to this expedition, that he may the sooner use his authority to temper many things, which with longer sufferance might grow worse. Pray that the election may be no prejudice to Sir Thomas Norreys, touching his meaner calling for Munster, he being well known to them all as a gentleman very worthy to enjoy that government. — Dublin, 1597, October 29. Signed by ten of the Council. pp. 2.

Oct. 29. Dublin.

39. Marshall Sir Henry Bagenall to Sir Robert Cecil. Was commanded to make his repair to Dublin, as a Councillor, for the election of a Lord Justice. Was very glad of the opportunity for delivering by speech to the Council what he had often signified in vain by letters, viz., the exceeding weakness of the garrisons generally, both in want of their numbers, and also in the feeble and unserviceable bodies of most part of the few English who are left amongst them, the cause thereof being only want of competent means either to feed or clothe them. This, in his opinion, would have been much remedied by the " masses of treasure " lately sent over to Ireland, had the same been distributed with indifferent equality. But, after the Lord Deputy and Treasurer had received their full entertainments, and sundry extraordinary payments had been made, the whole army was always scanted in its allotment from the treasure.

" I am right sorry that it is my fortune still to have so unpleasing matter to write of; but, so common is now the misery both to the soldiers and inhabitants, that, if speedy redress be not found, an incurable ruin is to be looked for throughout this whole kingdom.

"At my coming from the Newry, I made my way alongest (sic) by the borders, viewing from place to place the state of the garrisons appointed for the defence of them, which I found everywhere in a manner abandoned, the soldier being indeed for mere want driven to seek relief from the poor inhabitants of the Pale, to their utter impoverishment. And [this] will (it is to be doubted) cause many of them to revolt to the rebels rather than to sustain such intolerable oppression.

"I find here few state men that do seem to know, or at least will seem rightly to conceive, the due course meet to be observed in these martial affairs." The companies left 'by the late Lord Deputy at Newry and thereabouts have not been kept full and strong. The burdens thrown upon himself. Has received no extraordinary means as an encouragement to service, and had lost all his own means. Has already given his opinion in recent letters as to the meetest course to be held, both for the speedy pulling down of the rebels' pride, and the reducement of this torn commonwealth to a settled quiet; so will leave to be further troublesome therein.

Has very lately received intelligence that Tyrone has had great store of powder, lead, and match, come to him out of Scotland, and that these were landed at Lough Foyle. Also, that there has been a capitulation between him and the Scots, and that they in the North expect the coming of a great number of them very shortly. —Dublin, 1597, October 29. Signed. Seal. pp. 2.

Oct. 30. Dublin.

40. Maurice Kyffin to Burghley. Begs for the conferring of a foot company on him, for the increase of his pay, as Sir Edward York had when exercising in France the same office that Kyffin now holds. Has shown his incorruptness, and, as he would be specially watched, there could be no question of his becoming partial in the musters. The good that might ensue, in "this time of general disorder and dissolution," by the example of " a well-ordered company under the leading of an honest man." Corruptions in the musters. Has had the commanding of many companies heretofore under great generals. " Here be many captains so far off from being soldiers, as divers of them did never in their lives march in rank." Asks for the first company that may fall in the disposition of the Lord Justice.—Dublin, 1597, October 30. Signed. p. 1.

Oct. 30. Waterford.

41. Paul Strange, Mayor of Waterford, to Burghley. Their late agent, Nicholas Wise, exhibited a petition, on behalf of their Corporation, to the Privy Council, that their citizens might have license to transport sheepskins to Bristol and other parts of England, as the citizens of Dublin have for Westchester and other places thereabouts ; also, that their merchants should not be compelled to pay a second impost in England for wines transported from Waterford, on which impost had already been paid in Ireland. Postponement of these suits, owing to Her Majesty's absence on progress and other impediments. The bearer, Nicholas Luker, having occasion presently to repair to the Court, in suit of certain spoils lately done upon the coast of Spain on their townsmen, as well by Englishmen as by Frenchmen, who in July last took a ship of Waterford called the George, of the burden of 100 tons or thereabouts, and who still detain the ship with all her lading in Newhaven [Havre], they have thought good, on this opportunity, to renew their former suits as to the sheepskins and wines. Luker is instructed to be guided wholly by Burghley's advice. Have also sent their commission by him, to bargain for one hundred tons of corn, for the provision of their city.—Waterford, 1597, October 30. Signed. p. 1.

Oct. 31. Dublin.

42. Sir Thomas Norreys to Sir Robert Cecil. His election as Lord Justice. Trusts that it may be no hindrance to him for the Presidency of Munster. Has appointed Captain George Thornton, Provost Marshal of Munster, Vice-President of that Province. Recommends his fitness for the post. Advertisement shall presently be sent of the state of Ireland, the strength of the army, and other necessary particulars. The traitors are reported to be very strong, and to be now preparing to invade the Pale. The army is exceed. ing weak in numbers, and there is no money remaining to relieve them with, so that it will be hard to draw them together to withstand these incursions. Recommends continuance of the late ordinances for the clothing and pay of the army.—Dublin, 1597, October 31. Signed. p. 1.

Oct. 31. Dublin.

43. Philip Williams to Sir Robert Cecil. The miseries and dangers of the State. The rebels range all over the Pale, so that almost no part of it is free from their killing, burning, preying, and spoiling, especially in Offally, where the fire begins to kindle again, Sir George Colley being preyed and burnt even to his gate. In Leix, the poor decayed bands of Captains Sentleger and Gifford, accompanied with a few of the freeholders there, had this last week an encounter with that dangerous traitor Tirrell. They killed thirty of his rakehells, and himself too, as it is thought; for, being struck on the left side with the push of a pike, near the one half of it was seen out at his back, and it is hoped it lighted not wholly on his clothes, and missed his body clean; but he was carried off with his numbers, which were near 400. Twenty of our best men were killed in the bickering.

The traitor Tyrone increases in his pride, and, gathering all his forces, threateneth all the borders and Pale. Sir Thomas Norreys purposes a journey against him out of hand, but Williams doubts the garrison will do no more than enable him to affront, not to encounter, and less to invade. Most of the mere English, especially of the last supply, are dead or run away. Three-fourths, or at least two-thirds, of the army are Irish; but both English and Irish, pretending want of meat and money, and grown to more licentiousness in this short " inter-reigne," begin again to run upon the Pale, and to oppress the good subjects. It is lamentable to hear their complaint, and the moan they make for " my Lord." It is high time the Lord Justice drew them from that ravenous course to some necessary employment. " If the state of things do require the reinforcing of this garrison thence, I pray God there be better choice made, not only of soldiers but also of captains to be sent over; that neither the one be preferred for favour, to make gain of Her Majesty's service, nor the other compounded of heartless rogues, taken up in ale-houses and corners, and upon highways." Duty makes him utter thus much; "for I protest to your Honour, the dejected carriage of our last English hath made the valour of our nation to become as contemptible to the rebellious of this land, as in former times they were terrible unto them ; for such was their baseness, that they would steal away by night, though they knew that their danger were greater abroad than in the camp, and that more of them were killed by the enemy as runaways in seeking to escape, than as soldiers in fight." Craves to make one motion on behalf of his " poor, raw, untrained " countrymen, viz., that good store of victuals be sent over before them, and that, upon their first landing, they may spend a month at least in a good garrison place, to be there put in heart with training and feeding, before they be sent out to employment.

Begs preferment as the only secretary, or one of the two secretaries, to the next Governor. Desires meanwhile a few lines of recommendation to Lord Justice Norreys, who is willing to use him. Modest demeanour of the Lord Justice. Craves a grant of certain lands in Munster. These he would regard as a full recompense for his losses and services.—Dublin, 1597, October 31. Holograph, pp. 2.

Oct. Whitehall.

44. Queen Elizabeth to the Lord Deputy [Burgh], That Justice Nicholas Walsh be admitted to the office of Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, vacant by the death of Sir Robert Dillon.—Whitehall, 1597, October. Copy. Entry Book, No. 194, fo. 43. p.½.

Oct.

45. Allowances given to Lords Justices in Ireland; instanced by the cases of Sir William Pelham, Archbishop Adam Loftus, and Sir Henry Wallop. Endorsed:—1597, October, p. 1.

[Oct.]

46. "An abstract of the new establishment for Ireland," amounting to 18,040l. 15s. 3d.— [1597, October.] pp. 4½.

Oct. Dublin.

47. Robert Newcomen to Burghley. Cannot complete his book of the issue of victuals made to the army to Michaelmas last, until he receive advertisements from Carrickfergus, Carlingford, Newry, the Blackwater, Galway, Cavan, and other places. These advertisements are for the most part to come to him by sea, the land passage being shut up by the enemy. Hopes to send the book, and an account of such sums of money as he has received since March 1 last, by the end of November at the furthest. He will then attend on Burghley, if he can be spared from Ireland.—Dublin, 1597, October. Holograph. Seal. p. 1.

[Oct.]

48. "A memorial of such things as are incident to the Irish dispatch." The most important is, " A Commission to treat with the traitors, and to conclude."—In the handwriting of Sir Robert Cecil. [1597, October.] p. 1.