Anthony (St.) in Meneage
ANTHONY (ST.) in Meneage, a parish, in the
union of Helston, W. division of the hundred of Kerrier and of the county of Cornwall, 7 miles (S. by
W.) from Falmouth; containing 313 inhabitants. During the civil war of the seventeenth century, a small
intrenchment here, called Little Dinas, was occupied by
the royalists, for the defence of Helford harbour, but
was captured by the parliamentarian forces under Sir
Thomas Fairfax, in 1646. The parish is situated on the
estuary of the river Helford, and divided by a creek that
runs into it from the Nase Point to Gillan. It comprises by measurement 1510 acres; the high grounds
command fine views. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at £4. 15. 10., and in
the patronage of the Crown; impropriators, the family
of Gregor: the tithes have been commuted for £210 for
the impropriate, and £140 for the vicarial; and the
glebe comprises 62½ acres. The church, situated at the
foot of the promontory of Little Dinas, within fifty
yards of the sea, is an ancient and elegant structure,
with a tower built of a very fine granite said to have
been brought from Normandy. There is a place of
worship for Bryanites. At Conderra, in 1735, was
found a very large number of Roman brass coins,
chiefly of the Emperor Constantine and his family. The
parish had a cell to the priory of Tywardreth.
Anthony (St.) in Roseland
ANTHONY (St.) in Roseland, a parish, in the
union of Truro, W. division of the hundred of Powder
and of the county of Cornwall, 9¼ miles (S. W. by S.)
from Tregoney; containing 144 inhabitants. It lies at
the extreme point of Roseland, a verdant and bold
promontory, connected on the north by a narrow
isthmus with the parish of Gerrans. The living is a
donative, in the patronage of the family of Spry: the
tithes have been commuted for £118. The church,
beautifully situated on the border of a navigable lake
separating this parish from St. Mawes, contains some
handsome monuments to the Spry family, of which one,
by Westmacott, is to the memory of Sir Richard Spry,
Rear-Admiral of the White. An Augustine priory, subordinate to that of Plympton in the county of Devon,
existed here till the general Dissolution; its remains
have been converted into a private residence called
Place House.
Anthony, West (St. Anthony and St. John the Baptist)
ANTHONY, WEST (St. Anthony and St. John
the Baptist), a parish, in the union of St. Germans,
S. division of the hundred of East, E. division of
Cornwall, 5½ miles (S. E.) from St. Germans; containing, with the chapelry of Torpoint, 2894 inhabitants.
The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's
books at £12. 17. 8½., and in the gift of the family of
Carew, the impropriators: the incumbent's tithes have
been commuted for £307. 3. 6., with a glebe of 6 acres,
and the great tithes for £284. 13. The incumbency of
Torpoint is in the gift of the Vicar. There is a place of
worship for Wesleyans. A small endowed school was
founded in 1766, by Sir Coventry Carew, Bart.
Anthorn
ANTHORN, a township, in the parish of Bowness,
union of Wigton, Cumberland ward, and E. division
of Cumberland, 8 miles (N. W. by N.) from Wigton;
containing 207 inhabitants. Here is a school with a
small endowment.
Antingham
ANTINGHAM, a parish, in the union of Erpingham, hundred of North Erpingham, E. division of
Norfolk, 2½ miles (N. W.) from North Walsham;
containing 271 inhabitants. It is intersected by the
road from North Walsham to Cromer, and comprises
1509a. 3r. 36p., of which 1356 acres are arable, 33 pasture and meadow, 56 woodland, and 13 water, consisting of two lakes forming the principal source of the
river Ant, which was made navigable to the eastern
boundary of the parish in 1806. The living of Antingham St. Mary is a discharged rectory, valued in the
king's books at £6. 3. 1½.; patron, Lord Suffield.
Antingham St. Margaret's is also a discharged rectory,
consolidated with the living of North Walsham, and
valued at £5. 6. 8. The tithes of St. Mary's have been
commuted for £340, with nearly 16 acres of glebe; and
those of St. Margaret's for £28. 10. The church of
St. Mary is chiefly in the decorated style, with an embattled tower: in the churchyard are the remains of
the church of St. Margaret, consisting of its tower and
some of its side walls. Neat schoolrooms were erected
by the late Lord Suffield, at a cost exceeding £2000.
Antrobus
ANTROBUS, a township, in the parish of Great
Budworth, union of Runcorn, hundred of Bucklow,
N. division of the county of Chester, 5 miles (N. N. W.)
from Northwich; containing 489 inhabitants. Antrobus
Hall and demesne belonged to the family of Antrobus
from an early period till the reign of Henry IV., when it
was sold to the Venables family, who resided here for
many generations. The estate was purchased in 1808 of
Edward Townshend, Esq., of Chester, by Edmond Antrobus, Esq., a descendant of the former proprietors,
and is now the property of Sir Edmund W. Antrobus,
Bart. The township comprises 1947 acres, of which 308
are common or waste land; the soil is clay and moss.
Anwick (St. Edith)
ANWICK (St. Edith), a parish, in the union of
Sleaford, wapentake of Flaxwell, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 4¾ miles (N. E.) from Sleaford;
containing 314 inhabitants. The living is a discharged
vicarage, united, with the rectory of Dunsby, to the
rectory of Brauncewell, and valued in the king's books
at £5. 3. 11½.; impropriator, S. Hazelwood, Esq. The
tithes were commuted for land and corn-rents, under an
inclosure act, in 1791.
Apesthorpe.—See Applesthorpe.
APESTHORPE.—See Applesthorpe.
Apethorpe (St. Leonard)
APETHORPE (St. Leonard), a parish, in the union
of Oundle, hundred of Willybrook, N. division of
the county of Northampton, 4¼ miles (S. W. by W.)
from Wansford; containing 269 inhabitants. The
parish is situated on the road from King's Cliff to
Oundle, and on the Willybrook, at the border of Rockingham forest; and comprises 1669a. 15p., a portion of
which is occupied by Apethorpe Hall, the seat of the
Earl of Westmoreland. The living is a perpetual curacy;
net income, £80; patron, the Bishop of Peterborough.
The church contains a sumptuous monument to the memory of Sir Anthony Mildmay, Bart., and his lady; and
another with the recumbent figure of an infant, the eldest
son of Lord Burghersh, beautifully sculptured by a Florentine artist. The Earl of Westmoreland, by indenture
in 1684, charged a farm with the payment of £36 annually in lieu of certain rent-charges assigned by his ancestors, for apprenticing boys and girls of Apethorpe,
Wood-Newton, Nassington, and Yarwell.
Apeton
APETON, a township, in the parishes of Bradley
and Gnosall, union of Newport, W. division of the
hundred of Cuttlestone, S. division of the county of
Stafford. It lies about two miles west-by-north from
the village of Bradley, and two and a half south-east
from that of Gnosall. A tributary to the Penk flows in
the vicinity.
Apley (St. Andrew)
APLEY (St. Andrew), a parish, in the W. division
of the wapentake of Wraggoe, parts of Lindsey, union
and county of Lincoln, 3 miles (S. W.) from Wragby;
containing 162 inhabitants. It comprises 1660 acres,
of which 250 are woodland; the surface is flat, and the
soil a cold clay, subject to inundation from a stream that
divides Apley from the parish of Stainfield. The living
is a perpetual curacy, valued in the king's books at £6;
net income, £20; patron and impropriator, T. Tyrwhitt
Drake, Esq. Formerly a church existed; but at present
there is only a small building erected on its site, in
which the minister reads the funeral service, and the
parishioners hold their vestries.
Apperley
APPERLEY, a township, in the parish of Bywell
St. Peter, union of Hexham, E. division of Tindale
ward, S. division of Northumberland, 2½ miles (S.
by E.) from Bywell; containing 34 inhabitants. It is
situated at a short distance from the border of the county
of Durham, and comprises 316 acres of land. The
Roman Watling-street passes on the south-west; and a
stream, tributary to the Tyne, flows in nearly the same
direction.
Apperly, with Whitefield
APPERLY, with Whitefield, a hamlet, in the
parish of Deerhurst, Lower division of the hundred of
Westminster, union of Tewkesbury, E. division of
the county of Gloucester, 4½ miles (S. W. by S.) from
Tewkesbury; containing 420 inhabitants. There is a
place of worship for Wesleyans.
Appleby (St. Michael)
APPLEBY (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of
Ashby-de-la-Zouch, partly in the hundred of Repton
and Gresley, S. division of the county of Derby, but
chiefly in the hundred of Sparkenhoe, S. division of
Leicester, 5¾ miles (S. W. by S.) from Ashby; comprising 2803a. 3r., and containing 1075 inhabitants.
The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at
£20. 9. 4½.; net income, £750, with a house; patron,
George Moore, Esq. The tithes were commuted for
land and a money payment, under an inclosure act, in
1771. The church, which is in Leicestershire, was repaired and repewed in 1830, when some windows of
painted glass were added by private donation; it contains a curious monument to Sir Stephen and Lady
Appleby. A free grammar school was founded in 1699
by Sir John Moore, Knt., lord mayor of London in
1682, who endowed it with an estate at Upton, consisting of 228 acres of land, producing about £315 per
annum; the buildings, forming a spacious structure,
were erected by Sir Christopher Wren.
Appleby (St. Bartholomew)
APPLEBY (St. Bartholomew), a parish, in the
union of Glandford-Brigg, N. division of the wapentake of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln,
7 miles (N. W. by N.) from Glandford-Brigg; containing, with the hamlet of Raventhorpe, 505 inhabitants.
The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's
books at £10. 4.; net income, £150; patron, C. Winn,
Esq.
Seal and Arms.
Obverse.
Reverse.
Appleby
APPLEBY, an incorporated market-town, having
separate jurisdiction, and formerly a representative
borough, locally in East ward, union of East ward,
county of Westmorland, of which it is the chief town,
274 miles (N. N. W.) from London; containing 1075
inhabitants. This place is thought, but on uncertain
grounds, to have been a Roman station: Camden, from
a similarity of name, erroneously calls it Aballaba; while
Horsley considers it to have been the Roman Galacum.
A Roman road passed near it from Langton, on the
east, to Redland's Bank on the north-west; and some
antiquities of the Romans have been discovered in the
vicinity. It has long been the head of a barony, sometimes called the barony of Westmorland; the rest of the
county, which forms the barony of Kendal, having been
anciently included in Lancashire and Yorkshire. The
barony was granted by the Conqueror to Ranulph de
Meschines, whose son Ranulph, having in his mother's
right succeeded to the earldom of Chester, gave it to his
sister, the wife of Robert d'Estrivers. It afterwards
came into the possession of the Engains and Morvilles,
and was seized by the crown, in consequence of the participation of a member of the latter family in the murder
of Thomas à Becket. King John bestowed it, together
with the "Sheriffwick and rent of the county of Westmorland," upon Robert de Veteripont, Lord of Curvaville,
in Normandy, whose grandson, Robert, joining the confederated barons, in the reign of Henry III., it escheated
to the crown; it was restored, however, to the two
younger daughters of Robert, and subsequently, by
marriage, came into the possession of the illustrious
family of Clifford, whose descendants, the Tuftons, earls
of Thanet, have ever since enjoyed it, with all its rights
and dignities.
Appleby was anciently of much greater magnitude
than it is at present, as is evident from the situation of
a township called Burrals (Borough Walls), a mile
distant, and from the discovery of old foundations at
the distance of more than two miles, to which the suburbs formerly extended. An ancient record, about the
period of the reign of Edward I., makes mention of a
sheriff of Applebyshire; from which it appears that the
town gave name to one of those districts into which Edward the Confessor divided the earldom of Northumberland. It retained its importance from the time of the
Romans until the year 1176, when William, King of
Scotland, surprised the castle, and destroyed the town;
from which calamity, however, it had so far recovered in
the reign of Henry III., that a court of exchequer was
established here. A Carmelite monastery was founded
at Battleborough, in the parish of St. Michael, in 1281,
by the Lords Vesey, Clifford, and Percy; the site of
which is now occupied by a neat modern mansion, called
the Friary. In the year 1388 the town was again totally
laid waste by the Scots, from the effects of which it
never afterwards recovered; so that, in the reign of
Philip and Mary, it was found necessary to reduce the
ancient fee-farm rent, due to the crown, from twenty
marks to two. In 1598 it was nearly depopulated by
the plague, and its market was consequently removed to
Gilshaughlin, a village five miles distant. At the commencement of the parliamentary war, the castle was
garrisoned for the king by the Lady Anne Clifford,
Countess of Pembroke and Montgomery, and it continued in his interest until after the battle of MarstonMoor, when all the northern fortresses fell into the possession of the parliament.
The town is pleasantly situated on the river Eden, by
which it is almost surrounded. It is well paved, and
amply supplied with water, and consists of one spacious
street, intersected at right angles by three smaller streets,
and terminated at one extremity by the castle, and at
the other by the church of St. Lawrence; at each end
also is a handsome stone obelisk, or cross. An ancient
stone bridge of two arches, over the Eden, connects the
suburb of Bongate with the borough. The castle stands
on a steep and richly-wooded eminence rising from the
river. It suffered much in the wars with Scotland, especially in the reigns of Richard II. and Henry IV.; and
of the original structure, said to be of Roman foundation,
only a detached portion called Cæsar's tower, and a
small part of the south-east end, remain: the greater
part was rebuilt by Lord Clifford, in the reign of Henry
VI., and again by Thomas, Earl of Thanet, in 1686.
The castle is of square form, and contains several apartments of noble dimensions, adorned with a large and
valuable collection of ancient family portraits; the
magnificent suit of gold and steel armour worn by
George Clifford in the tilt-yard, when he acted as champion to his royal mistress Queen Elizabeth, is also preserved here, as too is the famous genealogical picture of
the Veteriponts, Cliffords, and Tuftons. The shrievalty
of the county of Westmorland is hereditary, and has
descended lineally through the male and female line
from the year 1066 to the present time. The castle
has been from time immemorial the temporary residence
of the judges travelling the northern circuit, who are
entertained here at the expense of the Earl of Thanet.
In the vicinity of the town are lead-mines worked by the
London Mining Company; also quarries of red freestone
used for building; and at Coupland-Beck is a carding
and spinning mill, where yarn is spun for coarse woollen
cloth, stockings, and carpets. The market is on Saturday: fairs are held on the Saturday before Whit-Sunday,
for cattle; on Whit-Monday for linen-cloth, and the
hiring of servants; and the second Wednesday in June
(commonly called Brampton Fair), and the 21st of
August, for horses, cattle, sheep, woollen cloth, cheese,
and other articles. The market-house, or the Cloisters,
is a handsome structure near the church, rebuilt by the
corporation in 1811, in the early style of English architecture, after a design by Mr. Smirke.
This is a borough by prescription, and received a
charter of incorporation from Henry I., with privileges
equal to those of York, which were confirmed by Henry
II., King John, Henry III., Edward I., and Edward III.;
the last monarch's charter reciting that the borough had
been seized by Edward II. for an arrear of rent, and
was then in the possession of the crown; and granting
the town again to the burgesses, on the same terms as
before. The present officers of the corporation are a
mayor, deputy-mayor, twelve aldermen, and sixteen
common-councilmen, assisted by a recorder, town-clerk,
two coroners, two chamberlains, a sword-bearer, macebearer, two serjeants-at-mace, and two bailiffs; the
mayor is a justice of the peace, but exercises only a
limited jurisdiction. Petty-sessions are held here by the
county magistrates every Saturday; the assizes for the
county also take place here, and the general quartersessions are held alternately at Appleby and Kendal, the
Easter and Michaelmas at the former, and the Epiphany
and Midsummer at the latter. The powers of the county
debt-court of Appleby, established in 1847, extend over
the registration-district of East Ward. The town-hall
is a large ancient edifice in the principal street. The
county gaol and house of correction has been adapted to
the radiating plan: adjoining it is the shire-hall, built in
1771. The borough sent members to parliament from
the 23rd of Edward I., but was disfranchised by the act
of the 2nd of William IV. cap. 45: the right of election
was vested in the holders of burgage tenements, in
number about 200; and the mayor was the returning
officer. It is the place of election of knights of the
shire, for which also it has been constituted a pollingplace.
The town is situated in the parishes of St. Lawrence
and St. Michael, that portion of it which is in the latter
being named Bongate: St. Lawrence's contains a population of 1354, and St. Michael's one of 1165. The
livings of both are vicarages. That of St. Lawrence
is valued in the king's books at £9. 5. 2½., and has a
net income of £306; it is in the patronage of the Dean
and Chapter of Carlisle, and attached to it are 51 acres
of ancient glebe, and 252 allotted in lieu of tithes. That
of St. Michael is valued at £20. 13. 9.; net income,
£175; patron, the Bishop of Carlisle. The tithes of the
manor of Appleby were commuted for land, under an inclosure act, in 1772: the Dean and Chapter are appropriators of both parishes. The church of St. Lawrence
is partly in the decorated, and partly in the later, style of
English architecture; it contains the remains of Anne,
the celebrated Countess of Pembroke, Dorset, and
Montgomery, who died in 1675, and of her mother, the
Countess of Cumberland, to the memory of each of
whom there is a splendid marble monument. The
church of St. Michael is situated about three-quarters of
a mile south-east of the town; and about three miles
and a half from it, between the villages of Hilton and
Murton, is a place of worship for Wesleyans.
The free grammar school, founded by the burghers,
existed long before the dissolution of religious houses,
but was established on its present foundation in the
16th of Elizabeth, when the management was vested in
ten governors, who are a corporate body: the endowment, arising from different sources, is about £200 per
annum. It has five exhibitions, of £8 per annum each,
to Queen's College, Oxford, founded by Thomas, Earl of
Thanet, in 1720, and is entitled to send candidates for
one of Lady Elizabeth Hastings' exhibitions to the
same college. Dr. Bedel, Bishop of Kilmore; Dr. Barlow, Bishop of Lincoln; Drs. Smith and Waugh,
Bishops of Carlisle; and Dr. Langhorne, the translator
of Plutarch, were educated in the school. St. Ann's
hospital, for 13 aged widows, was founded and endowed
in 1653, by the Countess of Pembroke; the revenue
arising from land is about £490, and it has a considerable funded property. The building, which is quadrangular, comprises 13 distinct habitations and a neat
chapel; the chaplain and sisters are appointed by the
Earl of Thanet, as heir of the countess, who left also
various lands at Temple-Sowerby for repairing the
church of St. Lawrence, the school-house, town-hall,
and bridge. In the neighbourhood were two ancient
hospitals for lepers, dedicated respectively to St. Leonard
and Nicholas; the estate of the latter was applied by the
countess towards the endowment of her almshouse. There
was also a chapel at the western end of the stone bridge
of St. Lawrence; and the ruins of another have been
found at Chapel hill. About a mile north of the village
of Crackenthorpe, on the ancient Roman way, was a
Roman encampment; and a little further to the north
was discovered, on sinking the foundation of a new bridge,
in 1838, between the parish of St. Michael and KirkbyThore, a variety of Roman coins and other antiquities. At
Machill bank, near the Roman way, urns have been found
in circular pits of clay, apparently dug for their reception. Thomas de Appleby, Bishop of Carlisle, and
Roger de Appleby, Bishop of Ossory, were natives of
the town.
Appledore
APPLEDORE, a small sea-port town, in the parish
of Northam, union of Bideford, hundred of Shebbear, Great Torrington and N. divisions of Devon, 3
miles (N.) from Bideford; containing 2174 inhabitants.
This spot is celebrated in history for the many battles
between the Saxons and the Danes which took place in
the immediate vicinity, more especially for the decisive
and important victory obtained by Earl Odun and the
men of Devon, over a large army of Danes under the
command of Hubba, who, in the reign of Alfred, landed
here with thirty-three ships. The invaders were repulsed with great slaughter and the loss of their leader,
who, being taken prisoner, was beheaded on a hill in
the neighbourhood, on which a stone has been erected
to mark the spot, and which still retains the name of
Hubberstone hill. The town is pleasantly situated on
the shore of Barnstaple bay, and, from its facilities for
sea-bathing, the mildness of its climate, and the romantic beauty and variety of the surrounding scenery, has
been gradually growing into importance as a favourite
watering-place. The beach, which is from two to three
miles in length, is a firm level sand, affording an excellent promenade; and there are other agreeable walks
and rides in the vicinity. The streets are for the greater
part narrow and inconvenient, but leading down to the
beach, they are ventilated by a current of pure air; and
the atmosphere, impregnated with saline particles from
the sea, and softened by the adjacent hills, is considered
very favourable for invalids. There is a market well supplied with fish, and with every other kind of provisions.
The Burrows, a fine tract of land, on which every inhabitant householder has the right of common, is defended from the sea by an embankment called Pebbleridge, which is nearly two miles in length, 150 feet broad
at the base, and considerably higher than high-water
mark. The parish church at Northam being about a
mile and a half distant, a district church has been lately
erected here by subscription, containing 550 sittings, of
which 275 are free: the living is a perpetual curacy in
the gift of the Vicar, with a net income of £150. There
is a place of worship for Independents.
Appledore (St. Peter and St. Paul)
APPLEDORE (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish,
in the union of Tenterden, partly in the liberties of
Romney Marsh, but chiefly in the hundred of Blackbourne, lathe of Scray, W. division of Kent, 6 miles
(S. E. by S.) from Tenterden; containing 561 inhabitants. The parish comprises 2963 acres, of which 63
are common or waste, and 60 in wood. Some trade is
carried on in coal, timber, and other merchandise, by
means of the Royal Military canal, which passes close to
the village. The living is a vicarage, with the living of
Ebony annexed, valued in the king's books at £21; net
income, £185; patron and appropriator, the Archbishop
of Canterbury. The church is a spacious edifice in
various styles, with a Norman tower which appears to
have formed part of the ancient castle on whose site the
church is built. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans.
Appledram (St. Mary)
APPLEDRAM (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of
West Hampnett, hundred of Box and Stockbridge,
rape of Chichester, W. division of Sussex, 1¾ mile
(S. W.) from Chichester; containing 156 inhabitants.
It is bounded on the west by the harbour of Chichester,
and is of very small extent. Considerable business is
done in the timber and coal trade at Dell Quay. The
manor-house, crowned with turrets, and surrounded by
a moat, is a good specimen of the style of domestic
architecture of the reign of Henry VIII.: near it are the
remains of another ancient house, now occupied by a
farmer. The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the
king's books at £14; net income, £34; patrons and
appropriators, the Dean and Chapter of Chichester. The
church is in the early English style.