Auckland, St. Andrew
AUCKLAND, ST. ANDREW, a parish, in the union
of Auckland, partly in the S. E., but chiefly in the
N. W., division of Darlington ward, S. division
of the county of Durham. In the S. E. division are
the townships of Byers-Green, Coundon-Grange, Eldon,
Middlestone, Midridge, Midridge-Grange, Old-Park, Westerton, and Windleston; while the N. W. division includes the market-town of Bishop-Auckland, the chapelries of St. Helen Auckland and Hamsterley, and the
townships of St. Andrew, West Auckland, North and
South Bedburn, Barony, Binchester, Coundon, Evenwood, Hunwick with Helmington, Lynesack with Softley,
Newfield, Newton-Cap, Pollard's Lands, Shildon, and
East Thickley; the whole containing 19,100 inhabitants,
of whom 1367 are in the township of St. Andrew, 1 mile
(S.) from Bishop-Auckland. This extensive parish comprises by computation 11,195 acres, and contains six
considerable villages; it abounds with coal and limestone,
and its surface is highly varied. The Stockton and
Darlington railroad passes through it; and in 1837 an
act was obtained for constructing the Bishop-Auckland
and Weardale railway, which branches from the Stockton
and Darlington at Shildon, and passes within a quarter
of a mile of Bishop-Auckland, which see.
The living is a perpetual curacy, with the chapelry
of St. Anne; net income, about £550, nearly half of
which arises from a bequest by Bishop Barrington;
patron, the Bishop of Durham; impropriators, the Landowners of the parish. The tithes attached to the living
have been commuted for £46. 10.; and there is a glebe
valued at £117 per annum. The church, a spacious
cruciform structure, was made collegiate for the secular
canons ejected by Bishop Carileph from his cathedral of
Durham, in 1082; and in 1292 was endowed by Bishop
Beck for a dean and nine prebendaries: three or four
additional prebends were founded by Bishop Langley,
in 1428. At the Dissolution, the deanery was valued
at £100. 7. 2., and the prebends at £79. 16. 8.:
the dean's house and some of the prebendal houses have
been converted into residences for farmers. There are
distinct incumbencies at Byers-Green, Coundon, Escomb,
Etherley, Hamsterley, St. Helen's, and Shildon; also
places of worship for Independents, Ranters, the Society
of Friends, and others. The union comprises 33 parishes
and places, and contains a population of 21,979.
Auckland, St. Helen
AUCKLAND, ST. HELEN, a chapelry, in the parish
of St. Andrew, union of Auckland, N. W. division of
Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham,
3 miles (S. S. W.) from Bishop-Auckland; containing
in the township of St. Helen (which constitutes only a
small portion of the chapelry) 720 inhabitants. At the
St. Helen's colliery, numerous ovens are employed in
the manufacture of coke for the use of the engines on
the Stockton and Darlington railway. Large quantities
of coal are sent from the mines in the neighbourhood to
be shipped at Stockton and Middlesborough on the Tees.
The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the king's
books at £13. 9. 4., and in the gift of the Bishop of
Durham; net income, £120. The impropriate tithes,
belonging to the landowners, have been commuted for
£119. 1. 6., and those of the perpetual curate for £6. 7.;
there is a glebe of 23 acres.
Auckland, West
AUCKLAND, WEST, a township, in the parish of
St. Andrew, union of Auckland, N. W. division of
Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham,
3½ miles (S. W. by S.) from Bishop-Auckland; containing 2310 inhabitants. This place is situated at the junction of the high road from Durham to Barnard-Castle
with that from Darlington to Wolsingham; the river
Gaunless winds in a devious course through the township. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans; and
a free school, founded by Mrs. Margaret Hubback in
1798, is endowed with about £30 per annum, and conducted on the national plan. The place gives the title
of Baron to the family of Eden, who formerly resided
here: the estates now belong to Sir R. J. Eden, Bart.
Audenshaw
AUDENSHAW, a division, in the parish and union
of Ashton-under-Lyne, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 5 miles (E. by S.)
from Manchester; comprising the villages of Audenshaw, Hooleyhill, Littlemoss, North-street, Walkmill,
Waterhouses, and Woodhouses; and containing 5374
inhabitants. The name of this place, in ancient documents written Aldwinshagh, is said to be derived from
the Saxon Aldwin, an elder or chieftain, and Shagh, a
wood. It is supposed to have belonged prior to the
Conquest to some Saxon thane, whose residence was on
or near the site of the present village, which exhibits
appearances of earlier cultivation than the surrounding
district, the latter consisting mostly of woods and morasses. A small hamlet in the division derives its name
of Danehead from its situation at the head of an extensive
valley called "the Danes," probably from some battle
which took place there between that people and the
Saxons; it is traversed by a stream which falls into the
river Mersey.
The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the various
branches of the hat manufacture, in silk and cotton
weaving and spinning, and calico-printing. The Ashton
and Oldham canals, and the Manchester and Sheffield
railway, pass through the division; and a large reservoir
has been constructed here for supplying the town of
Manchester with water. The village of Audenshaw is
large and populous, and is situated a mile and a half
west of Ashton, on the road to Manchester; that of
Hooleyhill, also populous, had its origin in the establishment of a hat manufactory about 1790. Waterhouses
is formed of a group of rustic cottages, in a deep woody
vale; and to the south of it is Littlemoss, also a small
rural district: the village of North-street is a mile west
of Ashton; and Woodhouses, a pleasant hamlet, two and
a half miles north-west of that town. Audenshaw Lodge,
an agreeable seat, was for many generations in the possession of the Stanfields: there are several other ancient
and some handsome and neat mansions in the division.
A church district was formed in 1844, and endowed by
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners; and a church dedicated to St. Stephen, the first stone of which was laid
in May 1845, has been erected in the early English style,
with a tower, partly by means of a grant from the
Church Commissioners: the living is a perpetual curacy,
in the patronage of the Crown and the Bishop of Chester
alternately; net income, £150. There are places of
worship for Wesleyans and for Methodists of the New
Connexion. A parochial school was founded about the
year 1745, and endowed by Miles Hilton with two estates in the parish of Manchester, producing £40 per
annum; the schoolroom, with a large house for the
master, was erected at an expense of nearly £1000, defrayed partly by subscription, and partly by the appropriation of the income arising from the endowment.
Audleby
AUDLEBY, a hamlet, in the parish and union of
Caistor, S. division of the wapentake of Yarborough,
parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln; containing 28
inhabitants. The hamlet comprises an area of 895 acres
of fertile land.
Audlem (St. James)
AUDLEM (St. James), a parish, in the union and
hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of
Chester; comprising the townships of Audlem, Buerton, Hankelow, and Tittenley, part of Dodcot cum Wilkesley, and part of Newhall; and containing about 3000
inhabitants, of whom 1621 are in the township of Audlem,
6½ miles (S.) from Nantwich. The Tralebews, ancestors
of the family of Aldelym or Audlem, are said to have
possessed the manor from the Conquest; it subsequently
passed by marriage and purchase, in moieties or parts,
to various owners. The township of Audlem comprises
2346 acres, the soil of which is clay and sand, The road
from Nantwich to Shrewsbury, and the Chester and
Birmingham canal, pass through the parish. A grant
was obtained in the 24th of Edward I., of a weekly
market, and a fair on the eve, day, and morrow of St.
James the Apostle, both which, after long disuse, were
revived a few years since: the market is on Thursday.
The living is a vicarage, valued in the king's books at
£5. 16. 8., and in the patronage of Viscount Combermere: the tithes for Audlem township have been commuted for £247 and £81. 10., payable respectively to the
impropriator and the vicar. There is a place of worship
for Particular Baptists. A free grammar school was
endowed about the middle of the seventeenth century,
by Mr. Ralph Bolton, with £20 per annum, and a similar
sum arising from a bequest by Mr. Thomas Gammull,
both of London; £40 were also given for its benefit by
the Rev. William Evans. There is likewise a preparatory English school for younger boys and for girls,
endowed with a modus of the tithe of hay, and a house
and half an acre of land.
Audley (St. James)
AUDLEY (St. James), a parish, in the union of
Newcastle-under-Lyme, N. division of the hundred
of Pirehill, and of the county of Stafford, 5 miles
(N. W.) from Newcastle, on the road to Nantwich; containing 4474 inhabitants, and consisting of the townships
of Audley, Bignall-End, Eardley-End, Halmer-End,
Knowl-End, Park-End, and Talk-o'-th'-Hill. This place
was originally given by Hervey de Stafford to the barons
of Aldeleigh, or Audley, who erected the baronial residence of Heyley Castle, commanding an extensive range
of the surrounding country. The parish, which comprises about 11,000 acres, and is almost entirely appropriated to dairy-farming, abounds with excellent ironstone and coal, the latter of which is sent in large quantities by the Trent and Mersey canal to Cheshire, and
to other parts. The living is a discharged vicarage,
valued in the king's books at £6. 13. 4.; patron, the
Rev. Edward Gilbert: the vicarial tithes have been commuted for £430, and the impropriate, belonging to
George Tollet, Esq., for £664. The church is in the
early style of English architecture, with a decorated
chancel, and an embattled tower crowned with pinnacles. At Talk-o'-th'-Hill is another church; and there
are numerous places of worship for dissenters in the
parish. The free grammar school, founded in 1622 by
Edward Vernon, has an endowment in land producing
£125. 18. per annum. Near the village are vestiges of
an intrenchment; and on the western boundary of the
parish are situated, on a lofty rock, the remains of the
ancient and strong castle of Heyley, the ascent to which,
on the south side, is more than 100 yards in height.
About a mile from the church is a pellucid spring of
water, always flowing. Audley gives the title of Baron
to the family of Touchet.
Aughton
AUGHTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Halton,
hundred of Lonsdale south of the Sands, N. division of
the county of Lancaster, 7 miles (N. E.) from Lancaster; containing 134 inhabitants. The lord of Halton
exercises the manorial rights of Aughton. The Oliverian
survey, made in June, 1650, recommends that Aughton
should be added to Gressingham, owing to its distance
from the parish church; but Robert Burton, in 1697,
obviated this inconvenience by erecting and endowing a
chapel and school here; and Mr. Lawson subsequently
enlarged the endowment by the bequest of Lower Highfield. The chapelry is beautifully situated on the banks
of the river Lune, which bounds it on the north; the
scenery is mountainous, and the views extensive. There
is stone for building purposes. The living is a perpetual
curacy; net income, £110, with a house; patron, the
Rector of Halton. The chapel, dedicated to St. George,
is situated on a hill.
Aughton (St. Michael)
AUGHTON (St. Michael), a parish, in the union
of Ormskirk, hundred of West Derby, S. division of
the county of Lancaster, 2 miles (S. W.) from Ormskirk, on the road to Liverpool; containing 1560 inhabitants. "Achetun" was held before the Conquest by
Uctred, the Saxon proprietor of Dalton and Skelmersdale; the manor, or parts of it, subsequently came to
the families of Acton or Aughton, Bradshagh, and Scarisbrick, and more recently to the families of Hesketh,
Molyneux, and Plumbe, which last assumed in 1824, in
addition to their own, the arms and name of Tempest.
The parish comprises 3943a. 14p. of titheable land,
whereof 1534 acres are arable, 900 meadow, 1492 pasture, 9 wood, and 8 glebe: Aughton Moss, which contains several hundred acres, not titheable, was inclosed
in 1814. From the elevated situation of the parish,
principally upon an extended eminence declining from
Ormskirk to the south of Aughton church, it commands
an extensive view of the country around. The Sudell, a
tributary of the Alt, has its source here, dividing Aughton and Lydiate, and joining the Alt below the latter;
a rivulet named Meer brook, also, separates the parish
from the town of Ormskirk. The Liverpool, Ormskirk,
and Preston railway passes through. The estate of
Moor Hall, the property of John Rosson, Esq., was in
the possession of the Stanleys, of Hooton, at a very remote period: in 1566, Peter Stanley, a younger branch
of that family, rebuilt the hall in its present form, as
stated in an inscription in old English raised letters over
the porch. Aughton Old Hall, the ancient residence of
the Aughtons, is now a farmhouse: New Hall, built in the
17th century, became the property of the Plumbe family.
The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at
£14. 15. 5.; net income, £800, with a house: patron,
John Plumbe Tempest, Esq. A portion of the tithes
was commuted under the inclosure act for 35 acres of
land, which, with the glebe, are of the annual value of
£105. The church is an ancient structure, with a steeple
in the centre. The Roman Catholic chapel here, built
in 1767, and enlarged in 1823, is dedicated to the
Blessed Virgin, and has a small endowment. There were
formerly distinct traces of an intrenchment on Aughton
Common, raised during the time of the Commonwealth;
but the inclosure and the plough have combined to obliterate this vestige of intestine war.
Aughton (All Souls)
AUGHTON (All Souls), a parish, partly in the
union of Howden, and partly in that of Pocklington,
Holme-Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill,
E. riding of York; containing, with the chapelry of
East Cottingwith and the township of Laytham, 634
inhabitants, of whom 217 are in the township of Aughton, 8½ miles (N. N. W.) from Howden. The parish is
situated on the left bank of the navigable river Derwent,
and presents a tolerably level surface. The living is a
discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at £4;
net income, £90, with a glebe-house erected in 1839 by
the Rev. John Earle, incumbent; patron, James Fletcher,
Esq. The church, the chancel of which was rebuilt in
1839, has a low embattled tower, built by Christopher,
son of the unfortunate Robert Aske who was beheaded
at York in the reign of Henry VIII., 1537, as a principal
in the insurrection called the "Pilgrimage of Grace,"
occasioned by the suppression of the monasteries. On
the chancel floor is a fine brass slab, on which are graven
the effigies of Richard Aske and his lady, who died in
the fifteenth century. Near the east bank of the river
Derwent the moats and trenches of an ancient castle are
still visible; and in the vicinity of the church is a large
mound of earth, the site of the castellated mansion of
the Aske family.
Aughton
AUGHTON, a township, in the parish of Aston,
union of Rotherham, S. division of the wapentake of
Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 8 miles
(E.) from Sheffield; containing 108 inhabitants. This
place, called in Domesday book Actone, Hactone, and
Hacstone, was formerly the residence of the family of
West, of whom was Sir William West, a soldier in the
army of Henry VIII., and who had, in reward for his
services, beneficial grants of abbey lands: the family
resided here till the latter end of the reign of Elizabeth.
The township is situated on the Rotherham and Mansfield road, and separated from the county of Derby by
the river Rother; the surface is varied: coal is found,
and there is a mine at present in operation. The Midland railway passes through the township. There are
places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans.
Aukborough (St. John the Baptist)
AUKBOROUGH (St. John the Baptist), a parish,
in the union of Glandford-Brigg, N. division of the
wapentake of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county of
Lincoln, 10½ miles (W.) from Barton-upon Humber;
containing, with the hamlet of Walcot, 528 inhabitants.
The living is a discharged vicarage, with the rectory of
Whitton united, valued in the king's books at £10;
net income, £209; patrons, the Bishop of Lincoln, and
the family of Constable. The vicarial tithes of Aukborough have been commuted for £12, and the incumbent
has a glebe of 53 acres. There is a place of worship for
Wesleyans; also a free school endowed with £16. 13.
per annum. The place is thought by Dr. Stukeley to
have been the Arquis of the geographer of Ravennas.
Aukley
AUKLEY, a township, in the parish of Finningley, union of Doncaster, partly in the Hatfield division of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the
county of Nottingham, and partly in the soke of Doncaster, W. riding of the county of York, 5¼ miles (N.)
from Bawtry; containing 418 inhabitants. This township comprises about 2391 acres, of which 827 are in
the Nottinghamshire portion. In 1838, a chapel of ease
was erected at a cost of £700, containing 250 sittings;
and there is a place of worship for Wesleyans.
Ault-Hucknall
AULT-HUCKNALL, a parish, in the union of
Mansfield, hundred of Scarsdale, N. division of the
county of Derby, 5½ miles (N. W. by W.) from Mansfield; containing, with the hamlets of Rowthorne and
Stainsby, 678 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 4285 acres, the soil of which is two-thirds sandstone, and one-third magnesian limestone; and forms a
fine agricultural district. The manor of Hardwicke
lies on the south side of the parish, and on the border
of Nottinghamshire, from which it is separated by the
river Meden or Mayden. It was granted by King John,
in 1203, to Andrew de Beauchamp: the Hardwickes
possessed it for six generations; and Elizabeth, daughter
of John Hardwicke, Esq., brought it to Sir William
Cavendish, from whom it descended to its now noble
possessor, the Duke of Devonshire.
The present Hall of Hardwicke was built by the
Countess of Shrewsbury in the reign of Elizabeth; its
situation is exceedingly picturesque and beautiful, standing in a fine park containing 621 acres of land, embellished with venerable oaks of most gigantic size. It is
of stone, with a parapet of open work at the top, and at
each extremity a lofty tower. The state apartments are
very magnificent; several of the rooms are hung with
tapestry of exquisite workmanship, particularly the
audience hall, where is represented the story of Ulysses.
The gallery is about 170 feet long and 26 wide, extending the whole length of the eastern side of the house,
and hung with tapestry, on a part of which is the date
1478: it is probable that this, as well as many articles
of the furniture, celebrated for its antique character,
was removed from the old Hall, or from Chatsworth
when that splendid mansion was being rebuilt. Among
other excellent pictures, are portraits of Elizabeth,
Lady Jane Grey, Sir Thomas More, Cardinal Pole,
Bishop Gardiner, the first earl of Devonshire, and
Thomas Hobbes. The ancient Hall, standing near the
mansion, appears to have been a very fine structure,
and, from its style of architecture, could not have been
built any great length of time before the present edifice.
The living of the parish is a discharged vicarage,
valued in the king's books at £6. 0. 5.; patron and
impropriator, the Duke of Devonshire. The vicarial
tithes have been commuted for £105, and there are
more than 27 acres of glebe; the impropriate tithes
have been commuted for £34. At Hardwicke is a
school, towards the support of which Thomas Whitehead, in 1729, bequeathed a house and land producing
£23. 15. per annum; it is also endowed with property
in the parish of Edensor.
Aulton, county of Derby.—See Allton.
AULTON, county of Derby.—See Allton.
Aunsby (St. Thomas à Becket)
AUNSBY (St. Thomas à Becket), a parish, in the
union of Sleaford, wapentake of Ashwardhurn, parts
of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 5 miles (N. W. by W.)
from Falkingham; containing 117 inhabitants. It is
situated on the road from Lincoln to London, and comprises 1089 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the
king's books at £6. 0. 7½., and in the patronage of
J. A. Houblon, Esq.: the tithes have been commuted
for £249, and there are about 11 acres of glebe, and a
glebe-house. The church, which is in the early English
style, is a small edifice, having in the windows some remains of beautifully stained glass: the font also has
some remarkable ornaments.
Aust
AUST, a chapelry, in the parish of Henbury, union
of Thornbury, Upper division of the hundred of Henbury, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 4¼
miles (W. S. W.) from Thornbury; containing 191 inhabitants. This place derived its name, anciently
Austre Clive, signifying "the southern cliffs," from its
situation on the south bank of the Severn, among bold
and lofty cliffs projecting into the river, which is here
two miles in breadth. About half a mile below the village, which is surrounded by salt marshes, and immediately opposite to the estuary formed by the junction
of the Severn and the Wye, is the ferry called the Old
Passage, supposed to have been the Vectis of the Romans. Alabaster is procured in great quantities; and
those rare minerals, the sulphate and carbonate of strontian, are found in the cliffs which line the banks of the
Severn. The chapel is in the ancient English style. The
place is distinguished as having been the residence of
Wycliffe.
Austell, St. (The Holy Trinity)
AUSTELL, ST. (The Holy Trinity), a markettown, parish, and the head of a union, in the E. division
of the hundred of Powder and of the county of Cornwall, 34 miles (S. W.) from Launceston, and 252
(W. S. W.) from London; containing 10,320 inhabitants. This place was in the reign of Henry VIII. an
obscure village, and first rose into importance from its
vicinity to Polgooth and other considerable mines. In
the civil war, part of the army under the Earl of
Essex was quartered here; and the town was taken by
Charles I. a short time prior to the capitulation of the
parliamentarians near Lostwithiel, in 1644. In 1760
the great road from Plymouth to the Land's End was
brought through the place, which is now a considerable
thoroughfare. The town is pleasantly situated in a
well-cultivated district, on the south side of a hill sloping gradually to a small stream; the streets are paved,
and lighted with gas, and the inhabitants are well supplied with water. The trade principally consists of the
produce of the numerous mines of tin and copper, and
in china-stone and clay of a very superior quality, which
are found here in great abundance; the manufacture of
coarse woollen cloth is also carried on to a small extent.
The mines in the vicinity are exceedingly productive,
and, from the improved manner of working them, promise continued prosperity to the town, the population
of which has been trebled within the last twenty years.
The parish comprises 8678 acres, of which 3121 are
common or waste: freestone of excellent quality
abounds; and near the harbour of Pentewan is a very
extensive quarry, from which have been raised materials
for the erection of many churches and mansions in the
county. Several harbours have been formed in different
parts. Many vessels are engaged in the importation of
coal from Wales, for the use of the mines, and in the
exportation of copper-ore for smelting, and of chinastone and clay to the different potteries and for the use
of linen-bleachers. The principal part of the grain tin
produced in Cornwall is obtained here, and blowinghouses for melting it have been erected near the town.
A considerable pilchard fishery is also carried on, in
which many boats, fitted out from the different harbours, are employed. The market, which is considerable for corn and provisions, is on Friday; and there
are fairs on the Thursday next after Palm-Sunday, the
Thursday after Whit-Sunday, the nearest Friday to July
23rd, and on Nov. 30th. In 1842 an act was obtained
for providing a new market-place, and regulating the
fairs. The town is within the jurisdiction of the county
magistrates, by whom constables and other officers are
appointed; and the Blackmore, the most considerable
of the stannary courts, is held here. The powers of the
county debt-court of St. Austell, established in 1847,
extend over the whole of the registration-district of
St. Austell.
The living is a vicarage, valued in the king's books
at £21, and in the patronage of the Crown; impropriators, Miss Rashleigh, and J. B. Tremayne, Esq. The tithes
produce £537. 16., and the glebe comprises about an
acre, with a large garden. The church combines various styles of English architecture, and has a very handsome tower richly ornamented with sculpture. Two
church districts, named respectively Charlestown and
Treverbyn, were endowed in 1846 by the Ecclesiastical
Commission: each of the livings is in the alternate
gift of the Crown and the Bishop of Exeter. There
are places of worship for Baptists, Bryanites, Calvinists,
the Society of Friends, Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists, Warrenites, and Plymouth Brethren. The poor
law union of St. Austell comprises fifteen parishes and
places, and contains a population of 31, 417. At Menacuddle and Towan, in the parish, are baptismal wells,
over which are ancient buildings in the early English
style, covered with arched roofs of granite. In one of
the celebrated tin stream-works of Pentewan, the bones
of men, of oxen of enormous size, of a whale, and of
animals now unknown, have been found.
Austerfield
AUSTERFIELD, a chapelry, in the parish of Blythe,
union of Doncaster, N. division of the wapentake of
Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 1¼
mile (N. N. E.) from Bawtry; containing 314 inhabitants. This place is in Domesday book called Oustrefield, and derives its name probably from some old form
of the cardinal point of the compass, east; though the
name is said by some to be derived from the Roman
general Ostorius, who was defeated here by the Britons.
It was formerly the property, in succession, of the families of Busli, Vipont, De Spenser, and Neville, from
whom it passed to the crown; and has since descended,
with Bawtry, to the present owner. The township comprises 2710 acres, including the hamlet of Brancroft and
Finningley Park. The small tithes of the common were
commuted for land in 1765.
Austerson
AUSTERSON, a township, in the parish of Acton,
union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the
county of Chester; containing 55 inhabitants. It
comprises 699 acres, of a clayey soil. The vicarial
tithes have been commuted for £20. 3. 5., and the impropriate for £91. 12.
Austhorpe
AUSTHORPE, a township, in the parishes of Whitkirk and Garforth, Lower division of the wapentake
of Skyrack, W. riding of York, 3½ miles (E.) from
Leeds; containing 173 inhabitants. It is situated near
the railway and turnpike-road from Leeds to Selby. The
impropriate tithes have been commuted for £150. 6.,
payable to Trinity College, Cambridge, and the vicarial
for £6. 19.; there is a glebe of about 2½ acres. John
Smeaton, distinguished as a civil engineer, and who
rebuilt the Eddystone lighthouse, was born here in
the year 1724.
Austhwaite, with Birker.—See Birker.
AUSTHWAITE, with Birker.—See Birker.
Austonley
AUSTONLEY, a township, in the ecclesiastical district of Holme-Bridge, parish of Almondbury, union
of Huddersfield, Upper division of the wapentake of
Agbrigg, W. riding of York, 7 miles (S. S. W.) from
Huddersfield; containing 1940 inhabitants, mostly engaged in the manufacture of woollen cloth, for which
there are numerous mills. The township comprises
about 1760 acres, and consists of a deep valley, and
large tracts of mountain and moor.
Austrey (St. Nicholas)
AUSTREY (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union
of Tamworth, Tamworth division of the hundred of
Hemlingford, N. division of the county of Warwick,
6½ miles (N.) from Atherstone; containing 479 inhabitants. The parish is situated in the northern part of the
county, on the border of Leicestershire, which bounds it
on the east; and consists of 2080 acres. The living is
a vicarage, valued in the king's books at £8, and in
the patronage of the Crown; net income, £162. The
church was thoroughly repaired and the chancel rebuilt
in 1845, at a cost of £2000. A school is endowed
with the interest of £150, bequeathed by Miss Toon, and
is also supported partly by the trustees of a charity for
apprenticing boys and other purposes, and partly by
subscription.
Austwick
AUSTWICK, a township, in the parish of Clapham,
union of Settle, W. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 4 miles
(N. W.) from Settle; containing 599 inhabitants. This
place, in the Domesday survey "Oustewic," includes the
hamlet of Wharfe, and part of that of Feizor. It is situated beneath the shelter of a rocky and precipitous projection of the Ingleborough mountain; and comprises
by computation 5400 acres, a considerable portion of
which is freehold, and leasehold on long leases; the
lands are chiefly in pasture. The population is partly
employed in the weaving of cotton. The village is
neatly built; a fair for cattle is held in it on the Thursday before Whitsuntide, and is generally well attended.
A chapel was erected in 1840, at the expense of Charles
Ingleby, Esq., and his sister, the late Miss E. A. Ingleby;
the living is held with the vicarage of Clapham.
Authorpe (St. Margaret)
AUTHORPE (St. Margaret), a parish, in the union
of Louth, Wold division of the hundred of Louth-Eske,
parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 6¾ miles (N. W.)
from Alford; containing 117 inhabitants. It comprises
921a. 1r. 13p.; the substratum is a chalk rock of good
quality, which is burnt into lime. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king's books at £5. 13. 4.,
and in the patronage of Robert Vyner, Esq.: the tithes
have been commuted for £158, and there are 29 acres
of glebe. The church is an ancient structure. There
is a place of worship for Wesleyans.