Burghclere (All Saints)
BURGHCLERE (All Saints), a parish, in the
union, and partly in the hundred, of Kingsclere, but
chiefly in the hundred of Evingar, Kingsclere and
N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 9 miles
(S.) from Newbury; containing with Earlstone tything,
845 inhabitants. This parish abounds with limestone
of superior quality, which is wrought to a considerable
extent: the surface is diversified with hills, on the
highest of which was formerly a beacon, and there are
still some traces of a camp. A court of petty-session is
held at Whitway, in the parish, on the second Friday
in every month. The living is a rectory, with the living
of Newtown annexed, valued in the king's books at £30,
and in the patronage of the Earl of Carnarvon: the
tithes have been commuted for £1073: and the glebe
comprises 118½ acres. The old church is disused, and
a new one has been erected in the centre of the parish,
at an expense of £2700; it is a handsome cruciform
structure in the later English style, with a square embattled tower, and was consecrated on the 24th October,
1838.
Burghfield (St. Mary)
BURGHFIELD (St. Mary), a parish, in the union
of Bradfield, hundred of Theale, county of Berks,
5 miles (S. W.) from Reading; containing 1115 inhabitants. It is bounded on the north by the navigable
river Kennet, and comprises 3478a. 1r. 20p.: there are
about 300 acres of common or waste land. Coal was
supposed to form part of the substratum, and in an unsuccessful attempt some years since to explore it, a bed
of cockle-shells, firmly concreted with sand, was discovered about 12 feet beneath the surface. The living
is a rectory, valued in the king's books at £14. 19. 2.;
net income, £810; patron, the Earl of Shrewsbury. The
church, a very ancient structure, was rebuilt in 1843, at
a cost of £2500, and is now a handsome edifice of cruciform design, in the Anglo-Norman style; the interior
is embellished with a finely-painted window in the
chancel representing the Virgin Mary, and contains a
pulpit and reading-desk of stone, each of appropriate
character. There are places of worship for Primitive
and Wesleyan Methodists.
Burghill (St. Mary)
BURGHILL (St. Mary), a parish, in the hundred
of Grimsworth, union and county of Hereford,
4 miles (N. W. by N.) from Hereford; containing, with
the township of Tillington, 863 inhabitants. The parish
comprises by admeasurement 3674 acres, of which 1800
are arable and garden-ground, 1400 meadow and pasture, and nearly 400 woodland; the surface is undulated, and the soil consists of clay, loam, and gravel.
The road from Hereford to Weobley and Pembridge
passes through. The living is a discharged vicarage,
valued in the king's books at £6. 18. 2.; net income,
£94; patron, B. Biddulph, Esq., to whom, with others,
the impropriation belongs: the glebe consists of 27
acres, exclusive of augmentation lands. The church,
which contains 350 sittings, was thoroughly restored
about twenty years ago, at a cost of £2000: among the
antiquities in the interior are a curious font of metal, a
rood-loft, and the altar-tomb of Sir John Milbourne and
his lady. There is a barrow adjoining the churchyard.
Burghsted, county of Essex.—See Burstead.
BURGHSTED, county of Essex.—See Burstead.
Burham (St. Mary)
BURHAM (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of
Malling, hundred of Larkfield, Upper South division
of the lathe of Aylesford, and W. division of Kent,
1¾ mile (N. N. W.) from Aylesford; containing 380 inhabitants. It is bounded on the west by the river
Medway, and on the east by a range of chalk hills, near
which are the Burham Downs, which intersect the
parish. The area is 1718 acres, whereof 179 are common or waste, and 151 woodland; about 20 acres are
planted with hops. The living is a discharged vicarage,
valued in the king's books at £8; net income, £191;
patrons and impropriators, Edward Kingsley, Esq., and
others. The church is situated near the river. A
spring, called Holy Garden, anciently attracted numerous pilgrims by the supposed miraculous efficacy of its
waters.
Burian, St.
BURIAN, ST., a parish, in the union of Penzance,
W. division of the hundred of Penwith and of the
county of Cornwall, 6 miles (S. W. by W.) from Penzance; containing 1911 inhabitants. This place, which
is of very great antiquity, derives its name from a collegiate church founded by King Athelstan, in honour of
St. Buriena or Bæriena, who had an oratory and was
interred here. Athelstan bestowed on the church the
privilege of sanctuary, and other immunities. The college was in existence at the Conquest, and the establishment consisted of a dean and three prebendaries till the
Reformation, when the lands with which it was endowed were seized to the king, and there was no longer
any support for the prebendaries; but the rectories of
Burian, St. Levan, and Sennan, remained to the dean,
forming his sole estate. In 1663, Seth Ward, Bishop of
Exeter, possessed the deanery in commendam, and it
was so held by his successors till the year 1709: the
dean is independent of all bishops, and has no superior
but the king. Of the collegiate buildings the church
only remains. The parish comprises 5468 acres, of
which 1570 are common or waste: the soil is of light
quality, resting on a substratum of granite; the surface
is undulated, and the scenery in many parts picturesque.
The village is neatly built, containing many good houses,
and there are several small hamlets scattered over the
parish. The living is a rectory, with the rectories of
St. Levan and Sennan united, and a royal peculiar,
valued in the king's books at £48. 12. 1., and in the
patronage of the Crown: the consolidated tithes have
been commuted for £1050. The church, which is situated on an eminence nearly 400 yards above the level of
the sea, is a spacious structure, with a lofty tower 88
feet high, forming a conspicuous landmark to mariners;
it was repaired in 1812, when a handsome carved screen
and other relics of antiquity were removed. Near the
south porch is an ancient cross, and there is another
close to the churchyard. On the estate of Boslevan
are some vestiges of a chapel, called the Sanctuary. At
Boscawen, Rosemoddrep, Chyangwanga, and other
places in the parish, are Druidical remains.
Buriton (St. Mary)
BURITON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of
Petersfield, hundred of Finch-Dean, Petersfield and
N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 2¼ miles
(S. by W.) from Petersfield; containing, with the tythings of Nursted and Weston, 993 inhabitants. It is
situated on the road from London to Portsmouth, and
comprises by measurement 6151 acres, of which 2305
are arable, 1594 meadow and pasture, 786 woodland,
and 1405 uninclosed common. The manufacture of
parchment is carried on to a small extent. The living
is a rectory, with the living of Petersfield annexed,
valued in the king's books at £32. 16. 10½.; net income,
£1194; patron, the Bishop of Winchester. The tithes
of Buriton have been commuted for £1084. 7., and
there is a glebe of 62 acres. The church is an ancient
structure in the Norman style, with a square tower,
which was rebuilt, after having been destroyed by fire
about the year 1721; the interior is neatly arranged,
and contains a monument to the Rev. William Lowth,
rector of the parish; and father of Bishop Lowth. Gibbon, the Roman historian, spent his early years on his
patrimonial estate in the parish.
Burland
BURLAND, a township, in the parish of Acton,
union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the
county of Chester, 2½ miles (W.) from Nantwich;
containing 639 inhabitants, and comprising 1520 acres,
of which 400 are common or waste. The soil is clay
and sand. The Whitchurch branch of the Chester
canal crosses the township. The impropriate tithes
have been commuted for £58. 10., and the vicarial for
£35. 13.
Burlescombe (St. Mary)
BURLESCOMBE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union
of Wellington, partly in the hundred of Bampton,
but chiefly in that of Halberton, Cullompton and N.
divisions of Devon, 5 miles (S. W. by W.) from Wellington; containing 958 inhabitants. This parish comprises 3768a. 16p. of land, of which about 200 acres are
wood, and the rest arable and pasture in nearly equal
portions; the soil is various, and in general of inferior
quality. The Exeter and Bristol railway, and the small
river Lyner, run through. The road from Wellington
to Exeter, also, passes for four miles through the
parish, which it enters near the Red Ball Inn, on Maiden
Down: skirting Uffculm Down, it follows the track of
the Roman portway from the city Uxella (Taunton) in
its progress to Isca Danmoniorum (Exeter). Maiden
Down was inclosed in 1803, and Lyner Moor in 1810.
There are considerable mountains of primitive limestone,
of which great quantities are burnt, and sent away by
the Grand Western canal, whose summit level is in
the parish. Small pieces of pure silver have been
found; manganese is supposed to abound, and there are
indications of the existence of coal. The woollen manufacture was formerly carried on, but the only trade at
present is the making of chairs.
The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the
king's books at £11. 15. 10.; patron and impropriator,
E. Ayshford Sandford, Esq. The great tithes have been
commuted for £235, and the small for £330; the vicar's
glebe consists of 3¼ acres. The demesnes here of the
ancient abbey of Canonsleigh, comprising more than
800 acres, are tithe-free. The church is a venerable
structure in the later style of English architecture, with
a tower of four stages, embattled, and crowned with a
turret; it consists of a nave, chancel, and north and
south aisles. The stone steps to the ancient rood-loft,
and the screen separating the chancel from the nave,
are still remaining; the latter is richly ornamented
with crockets, finials, and roses. Within the rails of
the communion is an altar-tomb, with monks bearing
shields under enriched canopies, erected by Nicholas
Ayshford, in 1500; and in the north aisle are four
more ancient monuments to the Ayshford family, who
had a chantry chapel at the east end of the aisle. Attached to the villa of Ayshford is a chapel, for which an
endowment has been charged upon the estate. There
is a place of worship for Wesleyans.
A priory for Augustine canons was founded at Leigh,
thence called Canonsleigh, in the parish, in the reign of
Henry II., by William de Claville. It was originally
dedicated to the Virgin Mary and St. John the Evangelist; and there is now at Exeter a deed dated prior
to 1247, to which is appended the seal of the convent,
representing the Virgin Mary and St. John. In 1284,
the establishment was surrendered to Maud, Countess
of Gloucester and Hereford, who converted it into a
nunnery dedicated to St. Etheldreda; and in 1286 the
abbess obtained the grant of a weekly market. It continued to flourish till the Dissolution, when its revenues
were estimated at £202. 15. 3.: the remains consist
principally of the porter's lodge, which is entire, and the
gateway, in which is a fine Norman arch. Attached to
the establishment were the chapels of St. Thomas and
All Saints. At Westleigh was a chapel dedicated to
the Holy Trinity, now converted into two cottages;
there was also a church in the parish in honour of St.
Theobald, long since razed to the ground; and the
remains of an ancient chapel are discernible on the
farm of Fenacre, near the site of the abbey. The water
of a spring at Ayshford possesses properties similar to
those of the sulphureous waters of Harrogate, in the
county of York.
Burleston
BURLESTON, a parish, in the union of Dorchester, hundred of Piddletown, Dorchester division of
Dorset, 6 miles (E. N. E.) from Dorchester; containing
65 inhabitants. It comprises by admeasurement 364
acres, and is situated on the river Piddle, which skirts
the southern side of the village. The living is a rectory,
united to that of Admiston, and valued in the king's
books at £3. 17. 1.: the tithes of Burleston have been
commuted for £115.
Burley (Holy Cross)
BURLEY (Holy Cross), a parish, in the union of
Oakham, hundred of Alstoe, county of Rutland,
2 miles (N. E. by N.) from Oakham; containing 252 inhabitants. The manor came, by purchase, into the possession of Villiers, first duke of Buckingham, who
greatly enlarged and embellished the mansion here, in
which he successively entertained James I. and Charles I.,
with their respective courts. This stately edifice, on
the breaking out of the civil war, was garrisoned by
a small body of parliamentarian troops, who, unable to
sustain an attack of the royalists, set fire to the house,
which was burnt to the ground; the site is now occupied
by an elegant modern mansion. The living is a vicarage,
valued in the king's books at £10. 13. 1½.; net income,
£350; patron and impropriator, G. Finch, Esq.
Burley
BURLEY, a tything, in the parish and union of
Ringwood, N. division of the hundred of New Forest,
Ringwood and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 5 miles (E.) from Ringwood; containing, with the
ville of Bistern-Closes, and the extra-parochial place of
Burley-Lodge, &c., 571 inhabitants. A species of concrete stone, called Burley rock, is found in great abundance, and is quarried for the foundations of houses.
A church, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, has been
built at an expense of £2400, including £1000 for endowment; patron, the Bishop of Winchester; net income, £100 per annum. There is a place of worship
for Independents.
Burley, with Headingley.—See Headingley.
BURLEY, with Headingley.—See Headingley.
Burley
BURLEY, a chapelry, in the parish of Otley,
Upper division of the wapentake of Skyrack, W. riding
of York, 2½ miles (W. by N.) from Otley; containing
1736 inhabitants. This chapelry comprises 3190 acres,
of which about one-half is uninclosed and uncultivated;
the surface is boldly varied by hill and dale, and the
scenery in many parts is highly picturesque, and beautifully diversified with wood and water. The village is
situated in the vale of the Wharfe (the river flowing on
the east), under the lofty acclivity of Rombald's moor.
The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the cotton
manufacture, for which there are two extensive mills;
the worsted manufacture is carried on upon a limited
scale, and there are a scribbling-mill and a corn-mill.
The chapel, a small structure erected about the year
1630, being inadequate to the wants of the increasing
population, was rebuilt in 1842, at a cost of about
£1700, raised by subscription, aided by grants from the
Incorporated and Diocesan Societies. It is in the early
English style, with a handsome spire, and is lighted on
the north and south sides by lancet windows of ground
glass, and on the east by a beautifully painted window.
The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £80. The
impropriate tithes of the chapelry have been commuted
for £126. There are places of worship for Independents
and Wesleyans.
Burley-Dam
BURLEY-DAM, a chapelry, in the parish of Acton,
union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the
county of Chester, 3½ miles (W. by S.) from Audlem.
In the civil war in the reign of Charles I., a skirmish
between a party of Lord Capel's forces from Whitchurch, and about 1000 of the parliamentary garrison
at Nantwich, took place in this vicinity, on April 11th,
1643. Burley-Dam chapel was built originally by the
Cotton family, not long after the dissolution of Combermere Abbey, for the accommodation of their tenants.
The present chapel, built not far from the site of the old
one, was consecrated in 1769. The living is a perpetual
curacy; income, £100; patron, Viscount Combermere.
Burley-Lodge
BURLEY-LODGE, an extra-parochial liberty, in the
union of Ringwood, N. division of the hundred of New
Forest, Ringwood and S. divisions of the county of
Southampton; containing 21 inhabitants.
Burlingham (St. Andrew)
BURLINGHAM (St. Andrew), a parish, in the
union and hundred of Blofield, E. division of Norfolk, 2 miles (W. by S.) from Acle; containing 214 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Norwich to
Yarmouth, and comprises by measurement 743 acres, of
which 528 are arable, and 214 pasture and plantation.
The living is a discharged rectory, with that of Burlingham St. Edmund annexed, valued in the king's
books at £12, and in the patronage of Mrs. C. Burroughes: the tithes of the parish have been commuted
for £296. 15., and there is a good glebe-house, with
about 11 acres of land. The church has an embattled
tower, and in it are the remains of a carved screen with
representations of the Apostles.
Burlingham (St. Edmund)
BURLINGHAM (St. Edmund), a parish, in the
union and hundred of Blofield, E. division of Norfolk, 3 miles (S. W.) from Acle; containing 98 inhabitants. It comprises about 645 acres, of which 623
are arable, and 22 wood and pasture. The living is a
discharged rectory, annexed to that of Burlingham St.
Andrew, and valued in the king's books at £12: the
tithes have been commuted for £207. 11., and the glebe
consists of about 11 acres. The church, which is chiefly
in the early English style, has an embattled tower; the
nave is separated from the chancel by the remains of
a beautiful carved screen; the southern entrance is
through a decorated Norman doorway.
Burlingham (St. Peter)
BURLINGHAM (St. Peter), a parish, in the union
and hundred of Blofield, E. division of Norfolk,
2 miles (W. by S.) from Acle; containing 91 inhabitants.
It is situated on the road from Norwich to Yarmouth,
and comprises 399 acres, of which 275 are arable, and
124 pasture and plantation. The living is a discharged
rectory, valued in the king's books at £5, and in the
gift of H. N. Burroughes, Esq.: the tithes have been
commuted for £148. 13., with a glebe of 10 acres. The
church is chiefly in the decorated style, and has a circular
tower the upper part of which is octagonal: there are
neat monuments to members of the Burroughes family,
who reside at the Hall, a handsome building situated in
a tastefully laid out park.
Burlington, York.—See Bridlington.
BURLINGTON, York.—See Bridlington.
Burmarsh (All Saints)
BURMARSH (All Saints), a parish, in the union
and liberty of Romney-Marsh, though locally in the
hundred of Worth, lathe of Shepway, E. division of
Kent, 4½ miles (W. S. W.) from Hythe; containing 130
inhabitants. It comprises 1760 acres. The living is a
rectory, valued in the king's books at £20. 10. 10., and
in the patronage of the Crown; net income, £220. The
church is a neat edifice of stone, with a square embattled tower.
Burmington (St. Nicholas)
BURMINGTON (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the
union of Shipston-upon-Stour, Brails division of the
hundred of Kington, S. division of the county of
Warwick, 1½ mile (S.) from Shipston; containing 188
inhabitants. The parish comprises 801 acres, of which
216 are common or waste. It is situated on the borders
of Gloucestershire and a detached portion of the county
of Worcester, and is intersected by the road from
Birmingham to Oxford; the river Stour flows along its
western boundary. The living is a rectory; net income,
£197; patrons, the Warden and Fellows of Merton
College, Oxford; incumbent, the Rev. E. Griffith. The
church, having fallen into ruins, was rebuilt on a
smaller scale, in 1693.
Burn
BURN, a township, in the parish of Brayton, union
of Selby, Lower division of the wapentake of Barkstone-Ash, W. riding of York, 2¾ miles (S. by W.)
from Selby; containing 281 inhabitants. It comprises
by computation 2370 acres: the new line of road from
Doncaster to Selby passes through the village, near
which is the Selby canal.
Burnage
BURNAGE, a township, in the parish of Manchester, union of Chorlton, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 5 miles (S. S. E.)
from Manchester; containing 489 inhabitants. It lies
equidistant between the roads from Manchester to
Congleton and to Stockport; and comprises by measurement 610 acres.
Burnaston
BURNASTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Etwall,
union of Burton-upon-Trent, hundred of Appletree,
S. division of the county of Derby, 5½ miles (S. W. by
W.) from Derby; containing 143 inhabitants. In 1672
the Bonningtons sold the manor to Sir Samuel Sleigh;
it was inherited by his grandson, Samuel Chetham, Esq.,
and afterwards devolved to the Cottons. The township
comprises 888 acres, of a strong soil, and lies a little to
the south of the Derby and Uttoxeter road. It pays a
tithe-rent of £59. 18. 6. A small chapel or lectureroom was built in 1839. The old hall is an ancient
half-timbered house, with pointed gables.
Burnby (St. Giles)
BURNBY (St. Giles), a parish, in the union of
Pocklington, Wilton-Beacon division of the wapentake
of Harthill, E. riding of York, 2¾ miles (S. E. by E.)
from Pocklington; containing 110 inhabitants. The
parish comprises 1700 acres, of which equal portions
are arable and meadow, and about 300 acres wold land,
with a small quantity of wood: the soil is generally a
rich clay, the surface undulated, and the scenery in
many situations very picturesque. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king's books at £7. 15.;
net income, £318; patron, the Duke of Devonshire.
The church is a small ancient fabric, with a Norman
bell-gable and door at the west end.
Burneside
BURNESIDE, a chapelry, in the parish, union, and
ward of Kendal, county of Westmorland, 2 miles
(N. by W.) from Kendal; comprising the townships of
Strickland-Ketel and Strickland-Roger, and containing
878 inhabitants. The manor, sometimes written Burnshead, belonged to an ancient family of that name, with
whose heiress it passed to the Bellinghams, by whom it
was long held; it afterwards came to the Braithwaites,
Shepherds, and Lowthers. The chapelry is pleasantly
situated on the river Kent, which flows through the
village, separating it into two parts connected by a
bridge. The area is 5427a. 2r. 19p., whereof 3133 acres
are arable, 600 meadow and pasture, 65 woodland and
plantations, and the remainder land newly inclosed; the
scenery is picturesque, and the soil a light sand. The
Kendal and Windermere railway passes through the
chapelry, at a distance of 200 yards from Burneside.
In the village is a paper manufactory, commenced in
1832, and employing between thirty and forty hands.
The living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of
£109; patrons, the Landowners; impropriators, the
Warden and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge: the
college tithes have been commuted for £216. 10., and
those of the vicar of Kendal for £36. 1. The chapel was
rebuilt between 1823 and 1826, and consecrated in the
latter year; of the expense, £1300, about £900 were
raised by subscription, and the remainder by a rate.
The school here was enlarged pursuant to the will of
Mr. Alan Fisher, of Hundhow, dated Oct. 1781, whereby
he endowed it with £600; this was augmented by a
bequest of Mr. Joseph Harling, in 1802, and the sums
having been invested in the funds, produce an income of
£27. 12., out of which £8. 3. 6. are reserved for charitable and other purposes. In a field is an obelisk,
erected by the late J. Bateman, Esq.
Burneston (St. Lambert)
BURNESTON (St. Lambert), a parish, in the
union of Bedale, wapentake of Hallikeld, N. riding
of York; containing 1494 inhabitants, of whom 351
are in the township of Burneston, 4 miles (S. E. by E.)
from Bedale. The parish is situated between the river
Swale and the Ure, in the rich and fruitful vale of Mowbray, and comprises the five townships of Burneston,
Carthorp, Gatenby, Theakstone, and Exelby with Leeming and Newton; the whole forming an area of 7351a.
2r. 37p., of which there are in Burneston township 726
acres of arable, and 400 of meadow and pasture. The
soil for the most part is of good quality, and favourable
for the growth of wheat, barley, and turnips; the surface is level, having itself no picturesque beauty, but
commanding a view of the Wensleydale and Masham
hills on the west, and of the Hambleton hills on the east.
The living is a vicarage, valued in the king's books at
£37. 6. 8., and in the patronage of the Duke of Cleveland, to whom, and W. R. L. Sergeantson and E. J. Carter, Esqrs., the impropriation belongs: the great tithes
have been commuted for £772. 2. 6., and the vicarial for
£600; and there are 3½ acres of glebe. A church was
built in the time, and partly by the bounty, of Ribald
and Hugh Fitzhugh; but the rude structure of the
Norman founders gave place, probably about the close
of Edward III.'s reign, to the present spacious structure,
the choir of which is both tasteful and beautiful. The
ancient chapel of ease at Leeming has been rebuilt.
There is a place of worship for Wesleyans.