Carnforth
CARNFORTH, a township, in the parish of Warton, union of Lancaster, hundred of Lonsdale south
of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster,
7 miles (N. by E.) from Lancaster, on the road to Kendal; containing 306 inhabitants. This place, which
belonged at an early period to the family of Urswick,
afterwards passed to the crown, and was held by Margaret, Countess of Richmond and Derby; the Coopers,
Warrens, and others, subsequently possessed the property. Carnforth is the south-western township of the
parish, and is chiefly remarkable as the scene of a great
aquatic depredation; several hundred acres of the saltmarsh adjoining the south bank of the Keer, having
been washed away within the last century. The area
is 1446 acres. Here is a well-known quarry of sandstone used as an ingredient in making mortar. The
Lancaster and Carlisle railway passes through the township, and has a station at the village: from Hest Bank,
passing Bolton-le-Sands, to this place, the line proceeds
over a peat-moss, twenty feet in depth, by an embankment which is twenty feet higher than the surface;
beyond Carnforth it enters a cutting half a mile long,
and averaging fifty feet in depth.
Carn-Menellis
CARN-MENELLIS, an ecclesiastical district, in the
parish of Wendron, union of Helston, W. division of
the hundred of Kerrier and of the county of Cornwall; containing about 3000 inhabitants. This district,
the centre of which is about six miles north-east from
Helston, comprises 5330 acres of land, standing high, for
the most part poor and uncultivated, and chiefly of a
mining character; the turnpike-road from Truro and
Penryn to Helston forms the south-eastern boundary.
Numerous small tin-mines are wrought, and there are
some considerable tin stream-works. The district was
constituted in December, 1845, under the act 6th and 7th
Victoria, cap. 37: divine service is at present performed
in a licensed schoolroom. There are several places of
worship for dissenters. On the top of Carn-Menellis
hill are some hollowed stones, usually termed Druidical
altars; also a huge barrow or mound of stones, which
forms the apex of the eminence; and in the north of
the district are nine large upright stones in a circle,
called the "Nine Maidens," popularly said to have been
girls turned into stone for dancing upon a Sunday.
Carperby
CARPERBY, a township, in the parish of Aysgarth, wapentake of Hang-West, N. riding of York,
9 miles (W. by N.) from Middleham; containing, with
Thoresby, 354 inhabitants. It comprises 4783 acres, of
which 40 are common or waste; and its village, which is
long, and well built, is pleasantly seated on the north
side of Wensley-dale, under lofty moorland hills. The
impropriate tithes have been commuted for £120, payable to Trinity College, Cambridge. Here was a chapel
of ease, of which some remains exist. There are places
of worship for Primitive Methodists and Wesleyans.
Carrington
CARRINGTON, a township and chapelry, in the
parish of Bowdon, union of Altrincham, hundred of
Bucklow, N. division of the county of Chester, 10
miles (S. W.) from Manchester; the township containing 559 inhabitants. The manor was held for more
than three centuries by a family of the same name.
In the reign of Elizabeth, a female heir brought it in
marriage to Sir George Booth, of Dunham-Massey, from
whom it descended to the earls of Stamford and Warrington. The township lies on the south side of the
Mersey, which separates the county from Lancashire;
and comprises by admeasurement 1394 acres, of which
960 are arable, 424 meadow and pasture, and 10 woodland: the soil is sand, clay, and moss. The two
villages of Carrington and Partington form the chapelry.
The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £375:
patron, the Bishop of Chester. The tithes have been
commuted for £130 payable to the bishop, and £20 to
the vicar of the parish. The chapel, dedicated to St.
George, is a plain brick building, erected in 1759, chiefly
at the cost of Mary, Countess of Stamford.
Carrington
CARRINGTON, a parochial chapelry, in the union
of Boston, E. division of the soke of Bolingbroke,
parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 1½ mile (S.) from
New Bolingbroke; containing 229 inhabitants. It was
formerly in the parish of Helpringham, but was constituted a parochial chapelry in 1812, by an act of parliament, on the occasion of a very extensive drainage of
fen lands. The living is a perpetual curacy, with the
township of West-Ville; net income, £86; patrons,
certain Trustees. The tithes were commuted for land
under the act of inclosure. The chapel was consecrated
in 1818.
Carrington
CARRINGTON, a village, in the parish and union
of Basford, hundred of Broxtow, county of Nottingham, 2¼ miles (N. W. by N.) from Nottingham; containing 853 inhabitants. This village, which is of recent
origin, consists partly of handsome villas, occupied by
merchants and lace manufacturers, who have warehouses in Nottingham. A church dedicated to St. John
was consecrated in 1841: the income of the incumbent
is £150, and the Bishop of Lincoln is patron.
Carshalton (All Saints)
CARSHALTON (All Saints), a parish, and formerly a market-town, in the union of Epsom, Second
division of the hundred of Wallington, E. division of
Surrey, 3 miles (W.) from Croydon; containing 2228
inhabitants. In Domesday book this place is styled
Aulton, signifying Old Town; and it retained that appellation until the reign of John, when it was called
Kersalton, of which the present name is a variation.
The parish comprises 2015a. 1r. 19p. The village is
pleasantly situated near Banstead Downs, on a dry and
chalky soil; the river Wandle runs through the parish,
and being joined in its course by other streams, forms
in the centre of the village a broad sheet of water: a
bridge was erected in 1828, which cost £500. The
environs are diversified, and contain numerous mansions, inhabited principally by London merchants.
Carshalton House, a handsome mansion, occupies the
site of an ancient edifice in which Dr. Radcliffe, the
munificent benefactor to the University of Oxford, resided during the time of the plague, in 1665. Near the
churchyard is a fine spring, called Queen Ann Boleyn's
Well; it is arched over with stone, and kept in good
repair. A calico-printing establishment formerly carried
on has been discontinued; but there are bleachinggrounds, and, on the banks of the river, several mills
for the manufacture of snuff, paper, flocks, and leather,
besides three large flour-mills: there are also some
lime-kilns. The market, granted in the reign of Henry
III., has long been discontinued; a pleasure-fair only
is held, on the 1st and 2nd of July. The living is a
vicarage, endowed since 1726 with the rectorial tithes,
and valued in the king's books at £11. 12. 6.; net income, £600; patron, John Cator, Esq. The church
is an ancient structure of brick, containing portions in
the early and decorated styles of English architecture;
the chancel, which is built of flint, appears to be the
oldest part. The interior is neat, and contains some
interesting monuments to the families of Fellowes and
Scawen; and two brasses, representing Sir Nicholas
Gaynesford and his lady, with a group of children: it has
been repaired, and the galleries enlarged, by subscription.
A small place of worship for Wesleyans was erected in
1834. A bronze figure of Cupid, about three inches
and a half in height, and a brass bust of a man, both
found in the river, were in 1794 exhibited to the Society
of Antiquaries. The Roman Stane-street passed through
the parish.
Carsington (St. Margaret)
CARSINGTON (St. Margaret), a parish, in the
hundred of Wirksworth, S. division of the county of
Derby, 2¼ miles (W. by S.) from Wirksworth; containing 235 inhabitants. The village is situated in a valley,
surrounded by hills in which are quarries of limestone
and some lead-mines; and the Peak Forest railway
passes through the parish. The living is a discharged
rectory, valued in the king's books at £5. 1. 10., and in
the patronage of the Bishop of Lichfield: the tithes
have been commuted for £109, and the glebe comprises
46 acres. The church is a small ancient building, without a steeple, and scarcely distinguishable from the cliffs
that overhang it. A school, founded by Mrs. Temperance Gill, in 1726, has an endowment of £60 per
annum, arising from land. John Oldfield, an eminent
nonconformist divine, was ejected from the benefice
of the parish, in 1662: his son, Dr. Joshua Oldfield,
of some literary celebrity, was born here in 1656. The
Rev. Ellis Farneworth, an able translator from the
Italian, was presented to the rectory in 1762.
Carswell
CARSWELL, a hamlet, in the parish of Buckland,
union of Farringdon, hundred of Ganfield, county
of Berks; containing 93 inhabitants.
Carswell, Abbots.—See Kerswell.
CARSWELL, ABBOTS.—See Kerswell.
Carthorpe
CARTHORPE, a township, in the parish of Burneston, union of Thirsk, wapentake of Hallikeld,
N. riding of York, 4½ miles (S. E.) from Bedale; containing 314 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from
Kirklington to Burneston, and comprises 2055a. 3r. 19p.
of land: Camp Hill, a handsome modern mansion,
stands on an eminence about half a mile to the south of
the village. The tithes have been commuted for £201
payable to the impropriators, and £168. 16. to the
vicar of the parish. There is a place of worship for
Wesleyans. Vestiges of a Roman camp are still discernible.
Cartington
CARTINGTON, a township, in the parish and union
of Rothbury, W. division of Coquetdale ward, N.
division of Northumberland, 3¼ miles (N. W. by N.)
from Rothbury; containing, with Bankland, 66 inhabitants. The castle of this place, which is now in ruins,
and the surrounding lands, belonged to a branch of the
Widdrington family. The tithes have been commuted
for £5. 2.
Cartmel (St. Mary)
CARTMEL (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of
Ulverston, hundred of Lonsdale north of the Sands,
N. division of the county of Lancaster, containing
4927 inhabitants: the town of Cartmel stands in the
townships of Lower Allithwaite and Upper Holker, 14
miles (N. W. by N.) from Lancaster, and 254 (N. N. W.)
from London. This place, which is supposed to have
derived its name from the British words Kert, a camp,
and mell, a fell, or small mountain, according to Camden
was given to St. Cuthbert, in 677, by Egfrid, King of
Northumbria, with all the Britons inhabiting it. In
782, Ethelred, upon his restoration to the throne of that
kingdom, allured from their sanctuary at York the sons
of Alfwold, who had been advanced to the crown upon
his expulsion, and put them to death at Cartmel. In
1188, William Mareschall, Earl of Pembroke, founded a
priory for Regular canons of the order of St. Augustine,
dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and endowed it with
all his lands at "Kertmell," and with other possessions,
besides many privileges, among which was the exclusive
right of appointing guides to conduct travellers over the
extensive sands that bound the parish on the south.
The establishment, at the Dissolution, consisted of ten
religious, and forty-eight servants, and the revenue was
estimated at £212. 11. 10.: the conventual church,
which was also parochial, was purchased by the parishioners.
The town is situated in a vale surrounded by lofty
hills of varied aspect, behind which the vast fells of
Coniston rise majestically to the north; the houses, with
the exception of a row erected some years since on the
north side of the town, of modern and handsome appearance, are in general built of stone, rough-cast and
white-washed. The environs abound with sceuery
strikingly diversified by richly-wooded eminences and
barren hills. The parish comprises the townships of
Upper and Lower Allithwaite, East Broughton, CartmelFell, Upper and Lower Holker, and Staveley. It is
bounded on the south by the bay of Morecambe, into
which it extends for a considerable distance, and where,
at low water, is a passage over the sands to Bolton.
The longer course across is nine miles; the shorter,
along that part called the Leven sands, is four: guides
are usually waiting to conduct over both. The district
abounds with rocks of limestone and marble, but very
little trade is carried on; there are cotton-mills at
Upper Holker. The market is on Tuesday: fairs are
held on Whit-Monday and the Monday after October
23rd; and cattle-fairs on the Wednesday before Easter,
and November 5th.
The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the
Earl of Burlington, with a net income of £113: the
tithes were commuted for land in 1796. The church
is a spacious cruciform structure, in the early English
style, with a curious tower. After having been suffered
to remain in a state of neglect for nearly a century from
the dissolution of the priory, during which time the
conventual buildings had been removed, it was substantially repaired, in 1640, by George Preston, of Holker.
The chancel contains some richly-carved stalls and fine
tabernacle work: on the north side of the altar is the
tomb of William de Walton, one of the priors, and on
the opposite side a magnificent altar-tomb with recumbent figures of one of the Harringtons and his lady,
supposed to be Sir John Harrington, who accompanied
Edward I. into Scotland; besides many other monuments. The Earl of Burlington also presents to the
incumbencies of Broughton, Cartmel-Fell, Flookborough,
Lindale, and Staveley. The free grammar school, built
in 1790, in Upper Holker township, is supported by an
endowment of £125 per annum, arising from donations
and legacies. Dr. Edmund Law, Bishop of Carlisle,
whose father was curate of one of the chapels in the
parish for forty-nine years, received the rudiments of
his education in the school. In a wood in the vicinity,
about forty years ago, 680 Roman coins were dug up,
dated from 193 to 253; and at Broughton, a coin of
the Emperor Adrian has been discovered. Three miles
to the south of the town is a spring, called Holy Well,
the water of which is efficacious in gout, and in nephritic and cutaneous diseases; and at Pit Farm, in the
parish, is an intermitting spring.
Cartmel-Fell
CARTMEL-FELL, a chapelry, in the parish of
Cartmel, union of Ulverston, hundred of Lonsdale north of the Sands, N. division of the county of
Lancaster, 8 miles (W. S. W.) from Kendal; containing
356 inhabitants. It is situated on the borders of Westmorland, and on the Winster river. The road from
Townhead in Staveley to Bowness, which traverses six
miles, possesses many choice views of Windermere, and
of the Coniston and Langdale mountains. The living
is a perpetual curacy; net income, £67; patron, the
Earl of Burlington, as lessee under the Bishop of
Chester. The chapel is dedicated to St. Anthony.
There is a small school, with an endowment of £8 per
annum.
Cartworth
CARTWORTH, a township, in the parish of KirkBurton, union of Huddersfield, Upper division of
the wapentake of Agbrigg, W. riding of York, 7¼ miles
(S. by W.) from Huddersfield; containing 2247 inhabitants. This township, which comprises about 2820
acres, includes part of the villages of Hinchliffe-Mill
and Holmfirth, and extends upwards of two miles northward from the latter place, along the romantic dale of
the Holme stream: much of the land is high moor, inclosed under an act, in 1827. The manufacture of
woollen-cloth is carried on to a considerable extent. The
head of a brass Roman spear was dug up in the bog on
the moor, in 1820.
Carwood.—See Sibdon-Carwood.
CARWOOD.—See Sibdon-Carwood.
Cary-Coats
CARY-COATS, a township, in the parish of Thockrington, union of Bellingham, N. E. division of
Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 12
miles (N.) from Hexham; containing 51 inhabitants.
It adjoins the Bavington estate, on the north-west; and
was probably at some period the appanage of a younger
branch of the ancient house of Shafto: at the close of
the last century it was the estate and residence of one
of that family.
Cashio, or Cashiobury
CASHIO, or Cashiobury, a hamlet, in the parish
and union of Watford, hundred of Cashio, or liberty
of St. Alban's, county of Hertford, 1½ mile (N. W.)
from Watford; containing, with the hamlet of Leavesden,
1548 inhabitants. In the time of the early Britons this
was a place of importance, being the seat of Cassibelaunus, King of the Cassii. The Saxon kings of Mercia also made it their residence; Offa included it in the
possessions that he gave to the monastery of St. Alban's,
and called the hamlet Albaneston, which was again
changed by the Normans into Caisho, since converted
into Cashio. Edward IV. constituted it a liberty, and
it continued annexed to the crown from the period of
the Dissolution until James I. granted the whole liberty
of the monastery of St. Alban's to Robert Whitmore and
John Eldred.
Cassington (St. Peter)
CASSINGTON (St. Peter), a parish, in the union
of Woodstock, hundred of Wootton, county of Oxford, 6¾ miles (N. W.) from Oxford; containing, with
the hamlet of Worton, 381 inhabitants. The manor
formerly belonged to the Montacutes, one of whom, in
the reign of Henry II., obtained leave to convert the
mansion into a castle, of which some remains existed
till within the last 50 years, when the materials were
used in building the parsonage-house. The living is a
discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at £12;
patrons and appropriators, the Dean and Canons of
Christ-Church, Oxford. The tithes have been commuted for £210, and the glebe consists of 55 acres. The
church, which is in the Norman style, was originally
built in the reign of Henry II., by Geoffrey Clinton,
chamberlain to that monarch: the arch supporting the
tower, and the groined roof of the chancel, of Norman
character, are remains of the ancient building.
Cassop
CASSOP, a township, in the parish of Kelloe,
S. division of Easington ward, union and N. division
of the county of Durham, 4½ miles (S. E. by E.) from
Durham; containing 1076 inhabitants. This place,
anciently called Cazhope, and included within the limits
of Queringdonshire, was formerly the residence of the
family of Reed, and of that of Busby, and is at present
held under the see of Durham. The village stands, with
a northern aspect, on a high swell of limestone hills,
separated from Quarrington on the south by a broad
hollow vale, and commanding an extensive prospect of
a variegated tract in the north-western direction. The
produce of Cassop and Cassop-moor collieries is shipped
at Hartlepool. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £104. 18. 8., payable to Christ's Hospital,
Sherburn, and the vicarial for £17. 4.
Castern
CASTERN, a hamlet, in the parish of Ilam, N. division of the hundred of Totmonslow and of the county
of Stafford, 5¼ miles (N. W.) from Ashbourn; containing 45 inhabitants. This place lies on the borders of
Derbyshire, and on the east side of the Manifold river,
about a mile and a half north-west of the village of
Ilam. The Hall is now a farmhouse.