Caversham (St. Peter)
CAVERSHAM (St. Peter), a parish, in the union
of Henley, hundred of Binfield, county of Oxford,
1 mile (N.) from Reading; containing 1642 inhabitants.
This place, during the civil wars, was the scene of a
sharp skirmish between the royalist and parliamentarian
forces; and Charles I., who had fallen into the hands of
his enemies, was, for a short time, kept in confinement
here. The parish comprises 4490a. 1r. 5p., of which
3191 acres are arable, 702 meadow, 361 wood, and 200
common. The village is pleasantly situated on the
northern bank of the Thames, the high grounds commanding a fine view of the town of Reading; and is
within a short distance of the Great Western railway,
which passes on the opposite bank of the river. The
living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £116; patrons,
the Dean and Canons of Christ-Church, Oxford; impropriator, Blackall Simonds, Esq. The church was part
of the first endowment of Nutley Abbey, in Buckinghamshire, the society of which here founded a cell, in
which was a chapel, where at the time of the Dissolution was preserved a spear-head, said to be that wherewith Our Saviour was pierced on the cross. There is
a chalybeate spring at Caversham Hill; and in the
grounds of Shatesgrove House, another of similar quality. Caversham gives the inferior title of Viscount to
Earl Cadogan.
Caverswall (St. Peter)
CAVERSWALL (St. Peter), a parish, in the union
of Cheadle, N. division of the hundred of Totmonslow and of the county of Stafford, 3 miles (E.) from
Longton; containing, with the township of WestonCoyney with Hulme, 1505 inhabitants. The parish comprises 5346a. 2r. 11p., of which nearly 3300 acres are
meadow and pasture, 1384 arable, 47 common or waste,
and a considerable part woods and plantations. Fairs
are held on the second Tuesdays in April and October,
for horses, black-cattle, and swine. The most remarkable object in the village is a castle, founded by Sir
William de Caverswall in the time of Edward II., and
rebuilt in that of Elizabeth or James I.; it was garrisoned for the parliament in 1645, and at the commencement of the French revolution, in 1789, was purchased
for the English Benedictine nuns of Ghent, about thirty
in number, who had been driven from their possessions
in Belgium. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued
in the king's books at £7. 5. 3.; patron and impropriator, T. H. Parker, Esq. The great tithes have been
commuted for £200, and the small for £201; the impropriator has a glebe of 25 acres. The church contains
several old monuments, and one to the lady of the late
Earl St. Vincent. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans; and at Caverswall Castle is a private Roman
Catholic chapel. A school, on the national plan, is
attached to the church.
Cavil, with Portingten.—See Portingten.
CAVIL, with Portingten.—See Portingten.
Cawkwell or Calkwell (St. Peter)
CAWKWELL or Calkwell (St. Peter), a parish,
in the union of Horncastle, N. division of the wapentake of Gartree, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln,
6 miles (S. W. by S.) from Louth; containing 47 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the road from Horncastle to Louth, and consists only of one farm, the produce whereof is chiefly butter and cheese. There are
several pits of calx, which is converted into lime for
manure. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in
the king's books at £4. 8. 6½.; net income, £46, arising
from land; patron and impropriator, the Earl of Yarborough. The church is a small neat edifice.
Cawood, Lancashire.—See Arkholme.
CAWOOD, Lancashire.—See Arkholme.
Cawood (All Saints)
CAWOOD (All Saints), a parish, in the union of
Selby, Lower division of the wapentake of BarkstoneAsh, W. riding of York, 9½ miles (S. by W.) from York,
and 187 (N. by W.) from London; containing 1108
inhabitants. This place was given by King Athelstan to
the see of York, about 935, in the time of Archbishop
Wulstan. The magnificent palace or castle was built in
the reign of Henry IV., by Archbishop Bennet; several
of the prelates lived in it, and here Cardinal Wolsey
resided for nearly a year previous to his arrest on a
charge of high treason, by the Earl of Northumberland.
The castle was dismantled, and in part demolished, at
the conclusion of the parliamentary war; since which
time, being abandoned by the archbishops, it has remained in a state of gradual dilapidation: the remains
of the great gateway, and some few fragments, are now
the only vestiges. The town is pleasantly situated near
the western bank of the river Ouse, over which is a
ferry: the houses are neatly built, and the inhabitants
amply supplied with water. The market, which was on
Wednesday, has been discontinued for many years; fairs
for cattle are held on May 12th and December 19th.
The parish comprises 2000 acres: the surface is flat,
and subject to inundation from the river; the soil is
chiefly a fertile loam, and the lands are generally in a
good state of cultivation. The living is a perpetual
curacy; net income, £120; patron, the Prebendary of
Wistow in the Cathedral of York. The tithes were
commuted for land and a money payment, in 1776.
The church, situated near the Ouse, is a neat structure
with a tower. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A school for girls was founded in 1731, by the
Rev. Samuel Duffield, who endowed it with land now
yielding a considerable annual income; and £20 per
annum are paid for the instruction of children, out of an
estate producing £213 per annum, vested in trustees for
the repair of the highways, and the preservation of the
embankments. Dr. Harsnett, Archbishop of York, who
died in 1631, gave land for teaching poor boys. An
almshouse was founded about 1723, by William James,
Esq., who endowed it with land worth £76 per annum,
for aged persons; and an almshouse for six aged persons
of Wistow and Cawood not having received parochial
relief, was founded in 1819, by James Waterhouse
Smith, Esq.
Cawston (St. Agnes)
CAWSTON (St. Agnes), a parish, in the union of
Aylsham, hundred of South Erpingham, E. division
of Norfolk, 3¼ miles (E. by N.) from Reepham, and
on the road from Norwich to Holt; containing 1130
inhabitants. The manor is held in free socage of the
crown, in right of the duchy of Lancaster, in token of
which two maces are carried before the lord, or his
steward, one bearing a brazen hand surmounted by a
ploughshare, and the other a bearded arrow. Fairs are
held on Feb. 1st, and the last Wednesdays in April and
August, that in August being a large sheep-fair. The
living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at
£15. 13. 11½.; net income, £808; patrons, the Master
and Fellows of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; the glebe
contains 14 acres, with a glebe-house. The church is
a handsome cruciform structure with a lofty tower, in
the later English style, built by Michael de la Pole, Earl
of Suffolk: there is a chapel on its north side, the
interior of which is elaborately ornamented. The Independents, and Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists,
have places of worship. At the inclosure, in 1802, an
allotment of 100 acres was awarded to the poor for
fuel.
Cawthorne
CAWTHORNE, a chapelry, in the parish of Silkstone, wapentake of Staincross, W. riding of York,
5 miles (W.) from Barnsley; containing 1437 inhabitants. This chapelry, which is chiefly the property of
John Spencer Stanhope, Esq., and partly of Thos. Wentworth Beaumont, Esq., lord of the manor, comprises by
computation 3440 acres. Coal is abundant; sandstone
and gritstone are quarried, and great quantities of limestone, brought up the Barnsley canal, are burnt into
lime: there are also some seams of ironstone of excellent quality. The surface is varied, and the lower
grounds are watered by several brooks that flow into the
river Dearne. Cannon Hall, the seat of Mr. Stanhope, is
a spacious mansion, situated in a park which abounds
with timber and with beautiful scenery. The village is
pleasantly seated on a gentle acclivity forming the
southern boundary of a picturesque valley. At Barnby
bridge the Barnsley canal terminates in a spacious basin,
on the banks of which are wharfs, warehouses, and a
wet-dock, with conveniencies for boat-building and limeburning; and from the basin is a railway to the several
collieries here and in other parts of the parish. The
living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the proprietors
of certain estates, and is worth £150 per annum. The
chapel, dedicated to All Saints, is a neat edifice, in the
later English style, with a square embattled tower; a
south aisle was added in 1828, when 276 additional
sittings were obtained, of which 216 are free. There is
a place of worship for Wesleyans. The water of a
mineral spring here is slightly impregnated with sulphuretted hydrogen.
Cawthorpe
CAWTHORPE, a hamlet, in the parish and union of
Bourne, wapentake of Aveland, parts of Kesteven,
county of Lincoln, 1¼ mile (N. by W.) from Bourne;
containing 94 inhabitants.
Cawthorpe, near Louth, county of Lincoln.—See Covenham (St. Bartholomew).
CAWTHORPE, near Louth, county of Lincoln.—
See Covenham (St. Bartholomew).
Cawthorpe, Little (St. Helen)
CAWTHORPE, LITTLE (St. Helen), a parish, in
the union of Louth, Marsh division of the hundred of
Calceworth, locally in the hundred of Louth-Eske,
parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 2¾ miles (S. E.
by S.) from Louth; containing 196 inhabitants. It
comprises 468a. 20p., chiefly arable land. The living is
a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at
£3. 4. 4½.; the rectorial tithes have been commuted for
£68. 3. 6., and the rectorial glebe comprises 13 acres.
Cawton
CAWTON, a township, in the parish of Gilling,
union of Helmsley, wapentake of Ryedale, N. riding
of York, 5½ miles (S. S. E.) from Helmsley; containing
101 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1020
acres of land, and contains some beds of excellent limestone. The tithes have been commuted for £190.
Caxton (St. Andrew)
CAXTON (St. Andrew), a market-town and parish, in the union of Caxton and Arrington, hundred
of Longstow, county of Cambridge, 10½ miles (W.
by S.) from Cambridge, and 49 (N. N. W.) from London; containing 558 inhabitants. This place, which
is one of the oldest post-towns in the county, is situated
on the Roman Ermin-street: the buildings are in
general irregular and of mean appearance, consisting
principally of poor cottages and decayed inns, though
there are a few good houses. The market, granted to
Baldwin Freville in 1247, is on Tuesday; and fairs,
principally for pedlery, are held on May 5th, and October 18th. The parish comprises about 2300 acres. The
living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's
books at £7. 12. 4.; net income, £80; patrons, the
Dean and Canons of Windsor, to whom an allotment of
land and a money payment were assigned, in lieu of
tithes, by an inclosure act, in 1830: the glebe contains
about 9 acres. The living was a rectory previously to
1353, at which time it was appropriated to the chapel
royal of Windsor. The church has a piscina in tolerable preservation. There is a place of worship for
dissenters. Robert Langwith, in 1581, bequeathed
£31. 10. per annum for the benefit of poor housekeepers,
and for sermons to be preached quarterly in the church.
The union comprises 26 parishes or places, and contains
a population of 10,080. Matthew Paris, a Benedictine
monk, who flourished in the reign of Henry III., and
wrote a history of the world from the creation to the
year of his death, which happened in 1259, was a native
of the place. It has been stated, also, that Caxton, who
introduced the art of printing into England, was born in
the parish; but his own memoirs refer his birth and
education to the county of Kent.
Caythorpe (St. Vincent)
CAYTHORPE (St. Vincent), a parish, in the union
of Newark, wapentake of Loveden, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 9 miles (N. by E.) from
Grantham; containing, with the hamlet of Friston, 821
inhabitants. This parish, which is bounded on the east
by the Roman Ermin-street, comprises 4207a. 1r. 35p.
The land is in general well wooded; the scenery interesting; and fine views may be obtained of Belvoir
Castle, Newark, and Lincoln Cathedral, from the Beacon,
an eminence near the road from Grantham to Lincoln,
on which the village is situated. There are several beds
of limestone, and stones are quarried for the roads.
The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at
£20. 11. 10½.; net income, £976; patron, C. J. Packe,
Esq. The church is a curious cruciform structure,
principally in the decorated English style, and has a
very lofty spire rising from the centre, supported by
four magnificent arches. It contains two handsome
monuments to the Hussey family; and at the east end
is a large painting on the plaster, in fresco, representing
the Last Judgment, and which was discovered by scraping the wall a few years ago. There are a chapel of
ease at Friston, and a place of worship for Wesleyans.
Caythorpe
CAYTHORPE, a township, in the parish of Lowdham, union of Southwell, S. division of the wapentake of Thurgarton and of the county of Nottingham, 8¾ miles (N. E. by E.) from Nottingham; containing 315 inhabitants. It comprises about 350 acres of
land. The Independents have a place of worship.
Cayton (St. Leonard)
CAYTON (St. Leonard), a parish, in the union of
Scarborough, Pickering lythe, N. riding of York,
4 miles (S. by E.) from Scarborough; containing, with
the township of Osgodby, 572 inhabitants, of whom
503 are in the township of Cayton. The parish is
situated on the road from Scarborough to Bridlington, and is bounded on the north-east by the German
Ocean: the soil is chiefly clay, suited to the growth
of wheat; and the scenery, which is diversified by a
range of lofty hills, is very picturesque. Stone is extensively quarried for building purposes, and for burning
into lime. The living is annexed to the vicarage of
Seamer: the church is an ancient edifice with a tower.
There are places of worship for Primitive and Wesleyan
Methodists.
Cerne, or Cerne-Abbas (St. Mary)
CERNE, or Cerne-Abbas (St. Mary), a markettown and parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Cerne, Totcombe, and Modbury, Cerne division of Dorset, 8 miles (N. N. W.) from Dorchester,
and 120 (S. W. by W.) from London; containing 1342
inhabitants. The name of this place is derived from its
situation on the river Cerne, and the adjunct from its
ancient abbey. Eadwald, brother of King Edward the
Martyr, became a hermit here; and in the reign of
Edgar, Ailmer, Earl of Cornwall, began to erect a noble
abbey, which he completed in 987, for Benedictine
monks, and dedicated to St. Mary, St. Peter, and St.
Benedict. It was plundered, or, as some say, destroyed,
by King Canute; but was soon restored, and flourished
till the Dissolution, when its revenue was estimated at
£623. 13. 2. The remains consist principally of the
gate-house, a stately square embattled tower of three
stages, having two fine oriel windows above the arch,
and in front various shields of armorial bearings; also
a large stone barn, and a moat with a double intrenchment. In 1644, the Irish troops in the service of
Charles I. burnt several houses in the town; and in the
following year, Cromwell, having been joined by Col.
Holberne and the inhabitants, marched to oppose the
king's forces that had advanced within three miles of
Cerne, but retired on finding they had been reinforced
by the regiments of Colonels Norton and Coke. The
town is pleasantly situated in a valley surrounded by
lofty hills, and consists of four or five streets, partially
paved; the houses are in general ancient, and possess
little architectural beauty. The inhabitants are amply
supplied with water from a spring, called Augustine's
Well, which, as the legend asserts, burst out to provide
that saint with water for baptizing his Christian converts. Considerable improvement has lately taken
place, including the erection of some handsome buildings, and the formation of a new road through the
town from Dorchester to Sherborne. There are manufactories for dowlas, coarse linen, gloves, and parchment;
the tanning trade is carried on to a considerable extent,
and many women and children are employed in winding
silk. The market, granted in the 15th year of the reign
of John, is on Wednesday; the fairs are on WhitMonday, April 28th, and October 2nd, and are for cattle. The petty-sessions for the Cerne division of the
county are held here.
The parish comprises 2812a. 4p. The living is a
discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at
£8. 16.; net income, £81; patron and impropriator,
Lord Rivers, who receives a tithe rent-charge of £152.
The church, supposed to have been erected on the site
of the ancient hermitage, by one of the abbots of the
monastery, in the fifteenth century, is a fine spacious
structure in the later English style, with a square embattled tower ornamented by octagonal turrets at the
angles; it was repewed in the year 1819. There is a
place of worship for a congregation of Independents. The
poor law union of Dorchester and Cerne comprises
altogether fifty-nine parishes or places, and contains a
population of 23,380. On the southern declivity of a
steep chalk-hill called Trendle Hill, to the north of the
town, a gigantic figure has been traced, representing a
man holding a knotted club in his hand, and extending
his left arm. It is 180 feet high, and well executed; the
outlines are two feet broad, and two feet deep: between
the legs is an illegible inscription, and above, the date
748. By some antiquaries it is referred to the Saxon
times, and supposed to represent one of the Saxon
deities; by others it is thought to be a memorial of
Cenric, son of Cuthred, King of the West Saxons, who
was slain in battle: according to vulgar tradition, it
was cut to commemorate the destruction of a giant
who ravaged this part of the country, and was killed by
the peasants. The figure is occasionally repaired by the
inhabitants of the town.
Cerne, Nether
CERNE, NETHER, a parish, in the union of Dorchester and Cerne, hundred of Cerne, Totcombe,
and Modbury, Cerne division of Dorset, 5¾ miles
(N. N. W.) from Dorchester; containing 71 inhabitants.
The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £60;
patrons, the Sheridan family.
Cerne, Upper
CERNE, UPPER, a parish, in the union of Dorchester and Cerne, hundred of Sherborne, Sherborne division of Dorset, 9 miles (N. N. W.) from
Dorchester; containing 107 inhabitants. This place
was for some time the property of Sir Walter Raleigh:
there are still remains of the ancient manor-house.
The parish is watered by a branch of the river Cerne,
and comprises by computation 1200 acres. The living
is a discharged rectory, valued in the king's books at
£5. 18. 4., and in the patronage of John White, Esq.:
the tithes have been commuted for £160; the glebe
comprises 15 acres, with a glebe-house. The church is
a very old structure, and contains a font of large dimensions.
Cerney, North (All Saints)
CERNEY, NORTH (All Saints), a parish, in the
union of Cirencester, hundred of Rapsgate, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 4 miles (N.) from
Cirencester; containing, with the tythings of Calmsden
and Woodmancote, 668 inhabitants. It comprises 3931a.
2r. 24p., the principal part of which is arable. Races
are annually held. The living is a rectory, valued in
the king's books at £21. 10. 7½., and in the patronage
of University College, Oxford: the tithes have been
commuted for £730, and the glebe comprises 104 acres,
with a glebe-house. The Roman Fosse-way traces the
eastern boundary of the parish, in which may also be
seen vestiges of a Roman fortress, with circumvallations.
Cerney, South (All Hallows)
CERNEY, SOUTH (All Hallows), a parish, in the
union of Cirencester, hundred of Crowthorne and
Minety, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 3¾
miles (S. E. by S.) from Cirencester; containing 1077
inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 2924 acres;
limestone abounds, and is quarried for manure. The
Thames and Severn canal passes through the parish,
and the Cheltenham branch of the Great Western railway through a parish adjoining. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at
£6. 16. 8.; net income, £231; patron and appropriator, the Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol. The tithes
were commuted for land and corn-rents in 1808. The
church is a fine specimen of Norman architecture, with
later additions, and consists of a nave, chancel, north
aisle, and north transept, with a low central tower and
spire: at the south porch is a beautifully enriched arch
ornamented with grotesque heads terminating the
mouldings. Between the nave and the chancel is a
pointed arch rising from slender columns, the capitals of
which are decorated with foliage; the chancel, with a
fine east window of three lights, is of later date than the
other parts of the edifice. There is a place of worship
for Primitive Methodists; and a national school has
been established, chiefly through the munificence of
Mrs. Ann Edwards, who gave £1500 for its foundation
and endowment, and £1000 more for building houses
for the master and mistress. Mrs. Edwards, in 1834,
bequeathed the residue of her property in trust to the
charity for the support of widows and orphans of clergymen of the diocese; in 1837, one-half of the bequest
was appropriated to the erection of an asylum, and a
very handsome edifice has been built, called Edward's
College, on a site given for the purpose by a near relative of the deceased, for the reception of distressed families of clergymen.
Chacewater
CHACEWATER, an ecclesiastical district, partly in
the parish of Kenwyn, and partly in that of St. Kea,
union of Truro, W. division of the hundred of Powder and of the county of Cornwall, 5 miles (W. by S.)
from Truro. This place is situated on the road from
Truro to Penzance, and in the heart of a district abounding with mineral wealth. In the neighbourhood are
several rich tin and copper mines, from the workings of
the latter of which, near the surface, silver has been extracted in quantities greater than was anticipated. A
considerable customary market for provisions is held on
Saturday. The living is a perpetual curacy; patron,
the Vicar of Kenwyn; net income, £150. The church,
a handsome edifice, dedicated to St. Paul, in the later
English style, with a lofty tower, was erected in 1828,
the Parliamentary Commissioners granting £2000. There
are places of worship for Baptists, Bryanites, and Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists.
Chackmore
CHACKMORE, a hamlet, in the parish of Radclive,
union, hundred, and county of Buckingham, 1½ mile
(N. N. W.) from Buckingham; containing 238 inhabitants. The tithes were commuted for land in 1773. Here
was formerly a chapel of ease.
Chacombe.—See Chalcombe.
CHACOMBE.—See Chalcombe.
Chad, St.
CHAD, ST., a chapelry, in the parish of Malpas,
union of Wrexham, Higher division of the hundred of
Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 2¾
miles (E. by S.) from Malpas, and on the road between
Tushingham and Hampton. This place, called in
Webb's Itinerary Chad-wick, had, probably, a chapel at
a very ancient date, for the Chapel-field is mentioned in
a deed of 1349: the present structure was built in 1689,
principally by a benefaction of John Dod, mercer and
citizen, of London. The living is a perpetual curacy;
net income, £144; patron, the Rector of Malpas.
Chadbury
CHADBURY, a tything, in the parish of Norton,
union of Evesham, Lower division of the hundred of
Blackenhurst, Pershore and E. divisions of the county
of Worcester, 3 miles (N. by W.) from Evesham; containing 28 inhabitants.
Chaddenwicke
CHADDENWICKE, a tything, in the parish, union,
and hundred of Mere, Hindon and S. divisions of
the county of Wilts, 1¾ mile (E.) from Mere; containing 16 inhabitants.
Chadderton
CHADDERTON, a township, in the parish of
Prestwich cum Oldham, union of Oldham, hundred
of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster,
7 miles (N. E. by N.) from Manchester; containing 5397
inhabitants. This place is chiefly distinguished for its
two ancient mansions, Fox-Denton Hall and Chadderton Hall, and for the families by whom they were occupied. Both mansions were possessed by the Traffords,
in the reign of John; Geoffrey de Trafford assumed the
name of Chadderton, and Margaret, his great-granddaughter, being married to John de Radcliffe, of Radcliffe Tower and Fox-Denton, the manor passed as a
dowry into that family. Chadderton Hall was the birthplace of Dr. Laurence Chadderton, an eminent divine at
the period of the Reformation, of which he was a zealous
promoter; he lived to the great age of 103 years, and
died at Cambridge on the 16th November, 1640. The
township is situated to the west of Oldham, and forms
a right angle with the township of Royton. The spinning of cotton, weaving of silk, and manufacture of hats,
are carried on; and coal abounds, which, by means of
a branch of the Ashton canal, is conveyed to Manchester,
Stockport, and other towns in the vicinity. The township is also intersected by the Rochdale canal, the Manchester and Leeds railway, and the Oldham and Middleton road. At Hollinwood, a large manufacturing village
in the township, about two miles from Oldham, is a
chapel dedicated to St. Margaret, the living of which is
a perpetual curacy, with a net income of £150, and a
house; patron, the Rector of Prestwich. In 1845 two
districts or ecclesiastical parishes were formed under the
6th and 7th Victoria, cap. 37: the church of St. John,
to which one of these districts has been assigned, is in
the early English style; the other church is dedicated
to St. Matthew. The livings of both are in the patronage of the Bishop of Chester and the Crown alternately;
net income of each, £150. To each church are attached
schools; and at Hollinwood is a school, endowed by the
Rev. John Darbey with £8 per annum in 1808, and £7
by another benefactor. The tithes have been commuted
for £120. On the lawn in front of Chadderton Hall is
a tumulus, on lowering which, at different periods, relics
of antiquity have been discovered.