Chetwynd (St. Michael)
CHETWYND (St. Michael), a parish, in the union
of Newport, Newport division of the hundred of South
Bradford, N. division of Salop, 1½ mile (N. by W.)
from Newport; containing 740 inhabitants. It is on
the road from Birmingham to Chester, and comprises
3738a. 32p., of which 122 acres are waste: a common
kind of red sandstone is found, chiefly used for walls
and cottages. The living is a rectory, valued in the
king's books at £10. 16. 3., and in the gift of the family
of Borough: the tithes have been commuted for £714,
and the glebe comprises 26½ acres, with a glebe-house.
The church is a brick building, erected about the year
1775. A chapel of ease has been built in the village of
Sambrook. There is a small place of worship for Wesleyans; and a school, now conducted on the national
plan, is endowed with lands producing £38. 12. per
annum. Sambrook is said to be the birthplace of Commodore Anson.
Cheveley (St. Mary)
CHEVELEY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of
Newmarket, hundred of Cheveley, county of Cambridge, 3 miles (E. S. E.) from Newmarket; containing
645 inhabitants, and comprising by measurement 2526
acres. An act for inclosing lands was passed in 1841:
stone is quarried for the roads. The living is a rectory,
valued in the king's books at £16. 8. 1½., and in the
gift of the Rev. James Thomas Bennet: the tithes have
been commuted for £704, and the glebe contains 27
acres of fertile land, with a glebe-house. The church is
a cruciform structure, with a central tower supported by
arches and containing five bells; it has a very beautiful
oak screen, and some curious old monuments to the
family of Folkes. A school was endowed with an estate
by John Ray, by will dated 1558, and in 1709 Lord
Dovor added other land; the former is let for £60 a
year, and the latter produces £20. In Cheveley Park is
an old castle, surrounded by a fosse. A very remarkable fossil tooth or tusk was found in a gravel-pit a few
years ago, six feet in length, with a curvature nearly
circular; it is now in the museum at York.
Chevening (St. Botolph)
CHEVENING (St. Botolph), a parish, in the union
of Seven-Oaks, hundred of Codsheath, lathe of Sutton-at-Hone, W. division of Kent, 3½ miles (N. W.)
from Seven-Oaks; containing 1003 inhabitants. The
parish comprises by computation 3774a. 3r. 15p., of
which 1065 acres are arable, 1244 meadow and pasture,
1346 woodland, and 96 in hop-grounds. It is distinguished as the residence of the Stanhope family, who
have a fine seat, at which the late earl, who was celebrated for his discoveries in mechanics and natural
philosophy, established the improved printing-press
bearing his name: his lordship died here, in 1816. A
fair is held on May 16th. The living is a rectory, valued
in the king's books at £21. 6. 8., and in the gift of the
Archbishop of Canterbury: the tithes have been commuted for £761, and the glebe contains 23 acres, with a
glebe-house. The church is adorned with several elegant
monuments of the Lennard family, and one to Lady
Frederica Stanhope. Various bequests by the Stanhope
family are applied in apprenticing children. The Pilgrims' path, which led towards Becket's shrine at Canterbury, passes in the vicinity, and forms a boundary of
the Weald of Kent.
Cheverell, Great (St. Peter)
CHEVERELL, GREAT (St. Peter), a parish, in
the union of Devizes, hundred of Swanborough, Devizes and N. divisions of Wilts, 6 miles (S. by W.)
from Devizes; containing 557 inhabitants. The parish
comprises by computation nearly 2000 acres; the manor
forms part of the endowment of the almshouse at Heytesbury, founded by one of the Hungerford family. A
small part of the population is engaged in the manufacture of edge-tools. A pleasure-fair is held in the first
week after the festival of St. Peter. The living, once
the property of Queen's College, Cambridge, to which it
was given by Bishop Davenant, is valued in the king's
books at £16; patron and incumbent, the Rev. R. M.
Atkinson: the tithes were commuted in 1797, for 307
acres of land, now valued at £350 per annum. The
church is a plain neat structure. There is a place of
worship for Independents; and a school is endowed
with an acre of land and a cottage, for the instruction
of six boys. Many Roman coins have been found in
the parish. The late Dr. Lawrence, distinguished for
his Bampton lectures, and last archbishop of Cashel,
was for some time rector.
Cheverell, Little (St. Peter)
CHEVERELL, LITTLE (St. Peter), a parish, in
the union of Devizes, hundred of Swanborough, Devizes and N. divisions of Wilts, 5½ miles (S.) from
Devizes; containing 295 inhabitants. It is situated
immediately under the northern edge of Salisbury Plain,
and comprises by measurement 1006 acres. The living
is a rectory, valued in the king's books at £11. 7. 3½.;
net income, £405; patron, the Earl of Radnor. The
tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1797.
Chevett
CHEVETT, a township, in the parish of Royston,
wapentake of Staincross, W. riding of York, 4¼ miles
(S. S. E.) from Wakefield; containing 52 inhabitants.
This place is of considerable antiquity, and styled in
Domesday book Cevet; in the early part of the 14th
century there was a chapel. The township comprises
about 850 acres. The mansion here was built in the
reign of Henry VIII., and is an irregular edifice having
several interior courts; the south front was added by
the Neviles, who put the whole into repair. The Midland railway is carried over a viaduct of thirteen arches,
each 21 feet in span, near Sandal, and afterwards under
a tunnel 700 yards in length, 22 feet wide, and 26 feet
high, in the formation of which, five shafts of 9 feet
diameter were sunk: the total expense of the work was
calculated at about £35,000.
Chevington, in the county of Northumberland.—See Chivington.
CHEVINGTON, in the county of Northumberland.—See Chivington.
Chevington (All Saints)
CHEVINGTON (All Saints), a parish, in the union
and hundred of Thingoe, W. division of Suffolk, 6
miles (S. W. by W.) from Bury St. Edmund's; containing 624 inhabitants, and comprising 2429a. 15p. The
living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at
£16. 3. 9.; patron and incumbent, the Rev. J. White:
the tithes have been commuted for £580, and the glebe
consists of 32 acres, with a glebe-house. The church
has some Norman remains. The sum of £20, the rental
of land and cottages purchased with benefactions, is
annually distributed among poor families.
Chew Magna (St. Andrew)
CHEW MAGNA (St. Andrew), a parish, and anciently a borough and market-town, in the union of
Clutton, hundred of Chew, E. division of Somerset,
6½ miles (S.) from Bristol; containing, with the tythings
of Bishop-Sutton, Knowle with Knighton-Sutton, North
Elm, and Stone, 2096 inhabitants, and comprising 4797
acres, of which 37 are common or waste. The village
is beautifully situated on an eminence to the north of
the river Chew, and commands extensive views of the
surrounding country. At the north-eastern extremity
of the parish is a ville, called Norton Hautville or Hawkfield, supposed to have been the property of Sir John
de Hautville, who lived in the time of Henry III.: in
Knighton-Sutton, at the southern extremity, stands
Sutton Court, an ancient edifice pleasingly situated, by
some thought to have been the residence of Fielding's
Squire Western. The population is partly employed in
coal-mines in Bishop-Sutton, and in the manufacture of
stockings and of edge-tools to a limited extent; formerly
there was a considerable manufactory for cloth. The
living is a vicarage, endowed with a portion of the rectorial tithes, with the living of Dundry annexed, valued
in the king's books at £30. 13. 4., and in the patronage
of the Bishop of Bath and Wells, and others, in turn;
impropriator of the remainder of the great tithes, George
Smyth, Esq. The tithes belonging to the vicar have
been commuted for £416. 15., and those of Mr. Smyth
for £98. 3. The church is a massive and spacious edifice with a nave and aisles, 106 feet in length by 60 in
breadth, and having a tower at the west end 103 feet
high. In the eastern corner of the south aisle is a
handsome monument of the Baker family, who formerly
had large possessions in the parish, and from whom the
manor of Chew-Baker has its name; and inserted in a
window of the aisle, is a wooden effigy, supposed to be
of Hautville: in the eastern corner of the north aisle
are monuments to the Strachy family. There are places
of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, and
Wesleyans. At the western extremity of the parish,
adjoining North Whitcomb, on an eminence which
commands a fine view towards the Bristol Channel, is
Bow Ditch, or Burledge, a circular camp with triple intrenchments. To the north of the village is a well
called Bully well, the water of which is said to be efficacious for diseases of the eye.
Chew-Stoke (St. Andrew)
CHEW-STOKE (St. Andrew), a parish, in the
union of Clutton, hundred of Chew, E. division of
Somerset, 4¼ miles (W. S. W.) from Pensford; containing 825 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on
the road from Bristol to Wells, and on the river Chew,
comprises 2092 acres, whereof 32 are common or waste.
It abounds with limestone, and with stone of a reddish
granulated texture, in which are found imbedded a few
fossils and cornua ammonis; they are both extensively
quarried, the former for agricultural, and the latter for
building, purposes, and there are also some quarries of
white lias, which is used for paving. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king's books at £7. 3. 4.,
and in the gift of the Rev. William Wait: the tithes
have been commuted for £270. 12., and the glebe comprises 7 acres. The rectory-house, formerly used as a
workhouse, has been restored at an expense of £400 by
the incumbent, and is a very singular edifice, considered
by antiquaries as one of the most interesting antiquities
in the county. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans.
A parochial school was founded in 1718, by a few inhabitants who raised funds for its erection and endowment;
the income, augmented by subsequent benefactions, is
£106. On the lands of Mr. Gray, in the parish, are
some remains of a Roman military station, and coins
have been found there.
Chewton
CHEWTON, a tything, in the parish, union, and
hundred of Keynsham, E. division of Somerset; containing 138 inhabitants. It is situated on the left bank
of the river Chew, about midway between ComptonDando and Keynsham.
Chewton
CHEWTON, a tything, in the parish of Milton,
union of Lymington, hundred of Christchurch, Lymington and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 4¼ miles (E. by N.) from Christchurch; containing
633 inhabitants.
Chewton-Mendip (St. Mary Magdalene)
CHEWTON-MENDIP (St. Mary Magdalene), a
parish, in the union of Wells, hundred of Chewton,
E. division of Somerset, 5¾ miles (N. E. by N.) from
Wells, containing, with the tything of Widcombe, 1216
inhabitants. The village is situated amidst the Mendip
hills, where are mines of lead-ore and lapis calaminaris:
the former are not now worked, and the trade in the
latter is much reduced. In the reign of Henry VIII., a
dispute arose between the prior of Greenoar cell upon
Mendip and the tenants within this manor, relative to
some infringement on his rights by the miners, to settle
which the lord chief justice came expressly into the
county, and laid the basis of the laws by which the
miners are now governed. Any miner considering himself aggrieved complains to the leadreeve, who summons
a jury of 24 miners, from whose decision there is no
appeal; various modes of punishment are applied, the
highest being expulsion from the hills. There is a
fair for toys, &c., on Holy-Thursday; and the pettysessions for the division are held here. The living is a
discharged vicarage, with the livings of Emborrow and
Stone-Easton annexed, valued in the king's books at
£29. 11. 8.; patron and impropriator, W. Kingsmill,
Esq. The great tithes of the parish have been commuted
for £352. 10., and the vicarial for £235; the glebe comprises 31 acres, with a glebe-house. The church is in the
decorated style of English architecture, with some Norman remains, and has a fine tower, 126 feet high, surmounted by lofty pinnacles. At Farrington-Gurney, in
the parish, is a chapel of ease. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans; also a school supported from land
on Chew down, inclosed a few years since, and the annual
rent of which is about £20. Chewton gives the title of
Viscount to Earl Waldegrave.
Chich, county of Essex.—See Osyth, St.
CHICH, county of Essex.—See Osyth, St.
Chicheley (St. Lawrence)
CHICHELEY (St. Lawrence), a parish, in the
union of Newport-Pagnell, hundred of Newport,
county of Buckingham, 2½ miles (N. E. by E.) from
Newport-Pagnell, on the road to Bedford, containing 256
inhabitants. It comprises about 1500 acres, in nearly
equal portions of arable and pasture, with some woodland; the soil is mostly clay, and the parish stands high,
having fine views from the hill on the road to NewportPagnell. Chicheley Hall is a handsome and spacious
quadrilateral edifice of red brick. The making of lace
affords employment to the female population. The
living is a vicarage, valued in the king's books at £8;
net income, £63; patron, the Rev. Anthony Chester,
who is also impropriator of the great tithes, and owner
of the parish. The church is in the pointed style, with a
lofty tower, and a fine peal of eight bells: the chancel
was built in 1700: there are curious monuments to the
Chester and Cave families. A school is supported by
subscription.
Chichester
CHICHESTER, a city
and market-town, having
exclusive jurisdiction, locally
in the hundred of Box and
Stockbridge, rape of Chichester, W. division of
Sussex, 62 miles (S. W. by
S.) from London; containing 8512 inhabitants. This
city, which is of very remote
antiquity, derives the latter
part of its name from its
having been a Roman station, supposed to be Regnum; and the former part,
from its subsequent occupation by Cissa, about the close
of the fifth century. About the year 47, Flavius Vespasian, who took possession of this portion of Britain,
made the place his head-quarters, and threw up an intrenchment three miles in extent, some traces of which
are still apparent. In the reign of Claudius Cæsar, the
Romans, as appears from an inscription upon a stone
dug up in 1723 (now in the possession of the Duke of
Richmond, at Goodwood), erected a temple here, and
probably surrounded their station with walls. Other
Roman inscriptions have been discovered; and a curious
piece of tessellated pavement, and several Roman coins,
were in 1727 found in the bishop's garden. Towards the
close of the fifth century the city was taken from the
Britons by Ella, whose son Cissa rebuilt it, and called
it after his own name, Cissa's ceaster, fortifying it also
with a strong intrenchment. It subsequently became
the seat of the South Saxon kings, in whose possession
the place remained till the middle of the seventh century, when Wulfhere, the Mercian, invaded it, and took
Athelwald, its king, prisoner; but on his embracing
Christianity, he was reinstated in his dominions, which
he held until he was slain in battle by Ceadwalla, a prince
of Wessex, who subjugated the kingdom of the South
Saxons. On the union of the Saxon kingdoms by
Egbert, in the year 827, Chichester was of considerable
importance; but it suffered greatly from the Danes; and,
at the time of the Conquest, had declined so much, that
it had scarcely a hundred houses within the walls. On
the transfer of the South Saxon see from Selsey, where it
had remained for more than 300 years, to this place, the
town regained its former importance, and after the Conquest it was bestowed on Roger de Montgomery, who
erected a castle adjoining the ramparts, and four gates,
and gave the south-western quarter of the city for the
site of the cathedral and residence of the clergy. In the
reign of Henry I. a cathedral was built by Bishop Ralph,
which being destroyed by fire, that prelate erected a
second edifice far exceeding the former in magnificence,
a considerable portion of which is incorporated with the
present building. In 1189, the greater part of the city
was destroyed by fire, and the cathedral, having sustained great injury, was repaired and enlarged by Siffred,
the seventh bishop, whose effigy in marble was placed
in a niche within the building. The castle was ordered
to be demolished by King John, but the sentence was
not carried into effect till the first of Henry III., 1216;
after which a Franciscan convent was founded on its
site.
Seal and Arms.
During the civil war in the reign of Charles I., Sir
Edward Ford, the sheriff, with the loyal gentry of the
county, by assurances of raising a large force in
Sussex for the royal cause, invited Lord Hopton from
the west, and Chichester, being a walled town, was fixed
upon for their head-quarters. While employed in collecting troops, improving their resources, repairing the
fortifications, and strengthening their position, they were
surprised by the sudden appearance of Sir William
Waller, the parliamentary general, whose forces had
been joined by several troops of horse, commanded by
Col. Morley and Sir Matthew Liverey, and who immediately commenced a siege. The place was defended for
some time with obstinate courage; but after an ineffectual
resistance for ten days, the citizens were compelled to
surrender on the 29th of December, 1642. The cathedral was partly demolished by the parliamentary
forces, and the conventual buildings plundered and
nearly levelled with the ground; the churches of St.
Bartholomew and St. Pancras were battered down,
and the houses of the most eminent of the citizens
destroyed. Waller made the convent of the Grey
friars his head-quarters, and his soldiers were quartered in the cathedral. The city remained in the hands
of the parliamentarians for six years after its surrender,
and in 1648, the ordnance was removed to Arundel
Castle, the garrison withdrawn, and the fortifications demolished.
The city is pleasantly situated on a gentle eminence,
nearly surrounded by the small stream Lavant, and
consists chiefly of four streets, meeting nearly at right
angles in the centre of the town, where is an octagonal
cross in the decorated English style, which is considered, in design and execution, equal to any structure of
its class in England. The streets were formerly terminated by four gates in the ancient embattled walls
with which the city was encircled: the last of these
gates was taken down in 1773; and of the walls, some
portions are remaining on the north and east sides,
where spacious terraces were raised in 1725, covered
with gravel, and shaded with rows of lofty elms, affording a pleasant promenade for the inhabitants, and highly
ornamental to the city. The houses are in general well
built; and the streets are paved, and lighted with gas,
under an act of parliament obtained in 1791 for the
general improvement of the town, which is amply supplied with water. At the north entrance are the barracks,
a spacious building adapted to the accommodation of
16 officers and 328 privates of cavalry, with stabling for
340 horses, and also of 48 officers and 888 privates of
infantry; with grounds for exercise and parade. Without the walls, a new suburb has arisen called Summerstown, which consists of several spacious streets of handsome houses, and forms a pleasing appendage to the
city. The theatre, a neat plain edifice, was built in the
year 1791; the assembly-rooms, in which assemblies and
concerts are held, were built by subscription in 1781.
A public subscription library, situated in the churchyard,
was established in 1794. A mechanics' institute was
formed in 1824, for which a building has been erected
at the extremity of South-street: it is 50 feet long, and
25 feet wide, built of brick, and faced with cement; the
interior, which is lighted by two ranges of Grecian
windows, contains on the ground-floor the library and
apartments for the librarian, and on the upper floor a
lecture-room. A literary and philosophical society was
established in 1831, and holds its meetings in a house in
South-street, built by Sir Christopher Wren, and containing a valuable museum, reading-room, and other requisite apartments. Races are held in August at Goodwood, about five miles north of the city; the Grand
Stand, lately built, is a quadrilateral building, 120 feet
long, and 70 feet wide, surrounded by a colonnade of the
Doric order, and capable of accommodating nearly 3000
persons.
The Trade consists principally in malt, corn (of which
a considerable quantity is sent coastwise), flour, timber,
and coal. The Lavant empties itself into the sea at Dellquay, two miles distant from the town, where is a small
harbour, into which vessels can enter at high water,
and where a collector of customs is stationed to superintend the transactions of the port; which carries on a
small foreign trade, chiefly in timber. Lobsters and
prawns, caught at Selsey, about seven miles south of the
town, and esteemed the finest on the coast, are sent in
great quantities to the London market; and a large
quantity of salt is made at Birdham, about three miles
from Chichester. There is railway communication with
Worthing and Brighton, on the east, and with Havant
and Portsmouth, on the west; the station here is 79½
miles distant from London, by way of Brighton. A
branch from the Portsmouth and Arundel canal, on the
south side of the town, also contributes to facilitate and
promote its trade. The market days are Wednesday and
Saturday; and on every alternate Wednesday is a large
market for cattle, sheep, and hogs. The market-house,
a convenient structure, was built in 1807: the cornmarket is held on Wednesday at the Corn Exchanges in
North and East streets. The Exchange in East-street,
erected in 1837, after a design by Mr. Elliot, is a handsome building, 250 feet in depth; the principal entrance
is by a Doric portico of six columns, projecting over
the pavement, resting upon square plinths, and supporting a triangular pediment, with entablature and cornice: between the corresponding pilasters of the same
order, and the antæ, three large folding-doors lead into
the hall, which is 80 feet long, 50 feet wide, and lighted
by a range of windows on each side; and behind are
ample stores for the corn which is deposited for sale.
There are fairs held annually on St. George's day, WhitMonday, St. James' day, Old Michaelmas-day, and the
20th of October, the last of them being called the Sloe
fair.
The earliest charter of incorporation extant is one
by King Stephen: numerous others have been bestowed
at various times, the principal of which were granted in
the reigns of Henry II., Edward II. and III., Henry VI.
and VII., and James I. and II. By the act of the 5th
and 6th of William IV., cap. 76, the body corporate was
made to consist of a mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen
councillors; the borough is divided into two wards,
and the municipal and parliamentary boundaries are
co-extensive. The elective franchise was conferred in
the 23rd of Edward I., since which time the city has
returned two members to parliament. The right of
election was formerly vested in the corporation, in the
freemen at large, and in the inhabitants paying scot and
lot within the city and liberties, about 600 in number,
with the exception of those of the extra-parochial
district of Newton, which, nevertheless, was within the
walls, and subject to the jurisdiction of the city magistrates. By the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45,
the non-resident freemen, except within seven miles,
were disfranchised; and the right of voting was extended to the £10 householders of a district which was
incorporated with the borough. The old borough comprised 445 acres, but the limits of the new contain 604.
The mayor is returning officer. The mayor for the
time being and for the previous year are justices by
virtue of their office, and there are six others. The
recorder holds sessions for the city and liberties, and a
court of record every Monday for the recovery of debts
to any amount: there is also a court leet, on the last
Monday in November; and petty-sessions are held
every Monday for the borough, and by the county
magistrates every Saturday. The Michaelmas quartersessions for the western division of the county likewise
take place here. The powers of the county debt-court
of Chichester, established in 1847, extend over the
registration-districts of Westbourne and West Hampnett, and part of the district of Chichester. The guildhall, anciently the chapel of the Franciscan convent, is
82 feet long, 31 feet wide, and 43 feet high; the east
window, of five lights, divided by slender mullions of
Sussex marble, is a beautiful specimen of flowing tracery.
The council-chamber, built by subscription, in 1730, is
handsome, having arcades formed by pillars of the
Tuscan order. The common gaol was built in 1783; it
contains only six apartments, five for males and one for
females.
Chichester is the seat of
a diocese, the jurisdiction
of which extends over the
county of Sussex. The episcopal chair was originally
fixed at Selsey, in 681, and
transferred to this place in
1075, when Stigand, then
bishop of Selsey, and chaplain to William the Conqueror, was appointed the
first bishop of Chichester.
The establishment consists
of a bishop, dean, thirty-one canons or prebendaries, of
whom four are residentiary, four minor canons, a precentor, chancellor, and treasurer. The bishop has the
patronage of the precentorship, the chancellorship of
the diocese and that of the church, the treasurership, the
two archdeaconries, two canonries, and the non-resident
canonries. The patronage of the Dean and Chapter
includes two canonries, and the minor canonries.
Arms of the Bishopric.
The cathedral, dedicated to St. Peter, erected by
Bishop Ralph in the reign of Henry I., and repaired and
enlarged by succeeding bishops, is a spacious structure,
partly Norman, and partly in the early and decorated
styles of English architecture, with a tower rising from
the centre, surmounted by a lofty octagonal spire. At
the west end of the south aisle is a tower in the Norman style, and on the north side of the north aisle,
ranging with the west front, is a detached campanile
tower crowned with octagonal turrets at the angles,
above which rises a lanthorn connected by flying buttresses springing from the turrets. The interior is principally in the early English style. The Nave, which is
150 feet in length, has a plain but neatly groined roof,
the ribs of which spring from light pilasters between
the clerestory windows, and is divided from the aisles
by a range, on each side, of eight clustered columns,
supporting a series of well-formed arches; the triforium
is of early English character, and in front of the clerestory windows is an upper triforium, the pillars of which
have capitals ornamented with palm-leaves. The aisles
consist of two ranges on each side; the outer ranges are
lighted by windows of large dimensions, and appear to
have contained numerous chapels. A screen of stone,
supporting the organ gallery, divides the nave from the
Choir, which, including the Norman arches that sustain
the tower, is 134 feet in length, and has a roof supported
by a range of three pointed arches on each side, resting
on clustered columns similar to those of the nave; it is
flagged with marble, and contains the prebendal stalls,
bishop's throne, and the tabernacle-work erected by
Bishop Sherborne, in the sixteenth century, ornamented
with a profusion of gilding. The east end terminates in
a wainscoted altar-screen, with panels of crimson velvet; and beyond the altar-screen is the presbytery, the
roof of which is supported by arches of graceful form,
rising from clustered columns of Petworth marble, with
a circular window at the end. The North Transept is
separated from the cathedral, and appropriated as the
parish church of St. Peter the Great. The Lady Chapel,
which is of later date, and ornamented with a Catherinewheel window, has been divided into two portions, of
which the upper forms the vestibule of the Chapter
library, and the lower the mausoleum of the Lennox
family; and on the east of the south transept is the
sacristy, now used as a chapter-house. The South
Transept, which contains a remarkably fine monument
to the memory of Bishop Langton, and the shrine which
canopies the tomb of St. Richard, has an elegant window
of seven lights, in the decorated style, and is adorned
with two large and interesting historical paintings, for
which it is indebted to the munificence and skill of
Bishop Sherborne, and which, though defaced by the
swords of Cromwell's soldiers, are considered very fine
specimens of early painting; also with a series of portraits of several bishops of Chichester, and of the kings
of England from the Conquest, concluding with George
III. One of the paintings represents the foundation of
the see at Selsey by Ceadwalla; the other, Bishop Sherborne, attended by his ecclesiastics, petitioning Henry
VII. for a confirmation of the charter granted by Ceadwalla. There are several monuments and ancient pieces
of sculpture in the cathedral: at the west end of the
middle south aisle is a fine whole-length statue of Mr.
Huskisson; and in the same aisle is an interesting monument to the memory of the poet Collins, executed in
white marble by Flaxman, and erected by subscription.
The Cloisters, occupying three sides of an irregular quadrangle, are in the later style. Within the last few years,
considerable improvements have been made in the interior of the cathedral, which has been repaired and partly
restored. Thick coats of whitewash and plaster, which
had accumulated for ages, have been removed, monuments restored, and several of the finer portions of the
embellishments of the edifice brought to light, among
which are some arches over the entrance to the Lady
chapel; the choir has been enlarged and beautified, and
many of the old seats and other obstructions have been
removed from the nave.
The Bishop's Palace, situated in some pleasant grounds
near the cathedral, bounded by part of the ancient
ramparts of the city, after undergoing numerous changes
in its external appearance, was repaired in 1725, and
now presents a modern front, consisting of a centre and
two wings connected by an open corridor; attached is
a handsome chapel, in the early English style. The
principal entrance to the palace court is through the
Canon-gate, erected in the reign of Richard II., above
which was the ecclesiastical prison. The Deanery was
built by Dean Sherlock, afterwards Bishop of London,
in 1725. Of the ancient houses for the canons, only
two are now remaining, which have been assigned to the
two senior residentiaries; in one of these is a fine Norman arch, with highly enriched mouldings. The house
in which the precentor lives, is said to have been
the residence of William D'Albini, the fourth earl of
Arundel.
Chichester comprises the parishes of All Saints, or
the Pallant or Palatinate, containing 327 inhabitants;
St. Andrew, 625; St. Martin, 282; St. Olave, 238;
St. Pancras, partly within and partly without the walls,
1065; St. Peter the Great, or the Subdeanery, 5021;
St. Peter the Less, 349; and St. Bartholomew Without,
297; with the precinct of the Cathedral Close, 145.
These parishes were, by act of parliament in 1753, united
for the better maintenance of the poor, under the inspection of guardians. There are also an extra-parochial
district called Newton, formerly the Black friars, containing 123 persons; and a small extra-parochial plot
beyond the walls, called St. James', and containing 40
inhabitants. The living of All Saints' is a discharged
rectory, valued in the king's books at £5. 17. 6.; net
income, £55; patron, the Archbishop of Canterbury.
St. Andrew's is a discharged rectory, valued at £4. 13. 4.;
net income, £102; patrons, the Dean and Chapter of
Chichester. The church is a neat edifice, in the later
English style. St. Martin's is a discharged rectory,
valued at £1. 6. 8.; net income, £67; patrons, the
Dean and Chapter. The church, which was rebuilt by
Mrs. Dear, of the city, is a handsome structure in the
decorated English style: the interior is richly ornamented, and contains a fine monument lately erected to
the memory of that lady. The living of St. Olave's is a
discharged rectory, valued at £4. 18. 9.; net income,
£85; patrons, the Dean and Chapter. The living of
St. Pancras' is a discharged rectory, valued at £8. 10. 8.;
net income, £120; patrons, the Trustees of the Rev. C.
Simeon. The church, which was destroyed during the
parliamentary war, was rebuilt by subscription in 1750.
St. Peter's the Great is a discharged vicarage, valued in
the king's books at £16. 8. 4.; net income, £150;
patrons and appropriators, the Dean and Chapter. The
church is formed of the north transept of the cathedral.
The district church dedicated to St. Paul is situated in
the centre of a spacious cemetery, in the suburb of
Summerstown, near the north gate: it is a handsome
edifice in the later English style, with a lofty embattled
tower; was built at an expense of £4500, raised by subscription, and was opened for divine service on the 13th
of October, 1836. The living is in the patronage of the
Vicar, after whose demise it will be in the Dean and
Chapter; net income, £150. The living of St. Peter's
the Less is a discharged rectory, valued in the king's
books at £1. 6. 8.; net income, £56; patron, the Dean
of Chichester. The church is an ancient edifice in the
early English style. St. Bartholomew's Without is a perpetual curacy; net income, £65; patron, the Dean.
The church, which was demolished during the parliamentary war, has been lately rebuilt. At Newton, a
proprietary chapel, dedicated to St. John the Evangelist,
was erected in 1813, on the lands of the monastery of
the Black friars, at an expense of £7000, raised partly
in shares and partly by subscription: it is of white
brick, with a campanile turret, and two porches of
Roman cement; the interior is well arranged, and contains 900 sittings, of which 250 are free. By act of
parliament passed in 1812, the Dean and Chapter, the
mayor, and all subscribers of £100, are perpetual trustees, and appoint the minister, whose fixed stipend of £80
is augmented by the rent of six pews producing £35 per
annum, and an endowment of £200 by the Rev. S. Barbut,
and £300 Queen Anne's Bounty. There are places
of worship in the city for the Society of Friends, Huntingtonians, Independents, Wesleyans, and Unitarians.
The Free Grammar School was founded in 1497, by
Bishop Story, chiefly for the training of youth intended
for holy orders, and is endowed with tithes and land;
the management is vested in the bishop, who confirms
the appointment of a master nominated by the Dean and
Chapter. Archbishop Juxon; the learned Selden; Collins, the poet; and Dr. Hurdis, professor of poetry in
the University of Oxford, received the rudiments of
their education in the school. The Diocesan Theological
College was founded in 1839, under the sanction of
Bishop Otter, and in connexion with the cathedral, for
the preparation of candidates for holy orders; the
students must be graduates of the universities, or such
other persons as are recommended by the bishop, and
they are expected to remain one year. A free school
for affording nautical education to boys, was founded in
1702, by Oliver Whitby, who endowed it with lands now
producing £1230 per annum: charity schools are supported by subscription; and there are also national and
Lancasterian schools. St. Mary's Hospital, founded by
one of the deans in the reign of Henry II., for two men
and six women, was re-founded by Queen Elizabeth, in
1562, for a warden or custos in holy orders, two men,
and three women; the warden has a stipend of £160,
and each of the inmates an allowance of £30 per annum: the building consists of a refectory, on each side
of which are rooms for the inmates, and at the east end
a chapel, in which divine service is performed twice every
day. A dispensary, established in 1784; and a noble
infirmary, in 1827, about a mile north of the city; are
supported by voluntary contributions. The latter, which
is denominated the West Sussex or East Hampshire
General Infirmary and Dispensary, forms a handsome
range in the Grecian style, 120 feet in length; a wing
has been added, for the erection of which the sum of
£1000 was presented by Charles Dixon, Esq. Mr. John
Hardham, of London, bequeathed property producing
£700 per annum, to be applied to the diminution of
the poor rates.
An hospital for lepers was founded in the reign of
Richard I.: and to the south-east of the city was
a house of Black friars, established by Eleanor, queen of
Edward I., and dedicated to St. Mary and St. Vincent.
At St. Roche's hill, where was a chapel dedicated to that
saint, may be traced the remains of a circular Danish
encampment. At Gowshill, about half a mile further,
is an oblong camp; and on the same side, though nearer
to the town, is another of similar form, but larger, surrounded by a strong rampart and a single moat: they
are both supposed to be Roman, and were, perhaps,
occupied by Vespasian, when he landed on this coast.
Near the vicarage in South-street is an ancient crypt in
fine preservation, to which is a descent of six steps from
the level of the pavement; its history is very imperfectly
known, but it is supposed to have belonged to the
monastery of St. Peter. It is 36 feet in length, 24 in
breadth, and 11 feet high; the roof, which is groined, is
supported in the centre by a range of circular dwarf columns with capitals, and the arches terminate in corbels on
the walls. Bradwardine and Juxon, archbishops of Canterbury; Lawrence Somercote, a great canonist and
writer; and the poets Collins and Hayley, were natives
of the city. The learned Chillingworth was buried in
the cloisters, and John and George Smith, celebrated
landscape painters, were buried at St. Olave's. John
Foster, author of the Essays, resided for some time in
the city. Chichester confers the title of Earl on the
family of Pelham.
Chickerell, West
CHICKERELL, WEST, a parish, in the union of
Weymouth, hundred of Culliford-Tree, Dorchester
division of Dorset, 3 miles (N. W. by W.) from Weymouth; containing, with the tythings of East Chickerell and Putton, 531 inhabitants, of whom 24 are in
East Chickerell. The living is a rectory, valued in the
king's books at £8. 16. 0½.; net income, £320; patrons,
the Duke of Cleveland and the Dowager Countess of
Sandwich. The tithes have been commuted for £200,
and the glebe contains 45½ acres, with a glebe-house.
Chicklade (All Saints)
CHICKLADE (All Saints), a parish, in the union
of Tisbury, hundred of Dunworth, Hindon and S.
divisions of Wilts, 1 mile (N.) from Hindon; containing
109 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory,
valued in the king's books at £11. 5. 3., and in the
patronage of the Marquess of Bath: the tithes have been
commuted for £193, and the glebe comprises 33½ acres.
The church has been rebuilt.
Chickney (St. Mary)
CHICKNEY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union and
hundred of Dunmow, N. division of Essex, 6 miles
(N. W. by N.) from Dunmow; containing 59 inhabitants.
It comprises 700a. 2r. 32p., of which about 517 acres
are arable, 127 pasture, and 36 woodland. The living
is a rectory, valued in the king's books at £10, and in
the patronage of the family of Cranmer: the tithes have
been commuted for £170, and the glebe comprises 40½
acres. The church, situated on elevated ground, is a
small edifice, with a tower of stone surmounted by a
shingled spire.
Chicksands
CHICKSANDS, an extra-parochial liberty, in the
union of Biggleswade, hundred of Clifton, county of
Bedford, 1½ mile (W. N. W.) from Shefford; containing 60 inhabitants. A priory for canons and nuns
of the rule of St. Gilbert of Sempringham was founded
in 1150, by Pain de Beauchamp, and the Lady Roas,
his wife: the two quadrangles, with the cloisters, remain entire, but converted into a modern mansion.
Chickward, Hereford.—See Lilwall.
CHICKWARD, Hereford.—See Lilwall.
Chidden
CHIDDEN, a tything, in the parish and hundred of
Hambledon, union of Droxford, Droxford and N.
divisions of the county of Southampton, 8½ miles
(S. W. by W.) from Petersfield; containing, with Glidden, 207 inhabitants.
Chiddingfold (St. Mary)
CHIDDINGFOLD (St. Mary), a parish, in the union
of Hambledon, Second division of the hundred of
Godalming, W. division of Surrey, 6 miles (S.) from
Godalming; containing 1135 inhabitants. It is situated
on the road from Godalming to Chichester, and comprises about 5766 acres. A market was formerly held
on Tuesday, and an annual fair on the eve, feast, and
morrow of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, under a
charter granted by Edward I. in 1300; but both have
long been in disuse. Here, also, according to Aubrey,
were eleven glass-houses in the time of Elizabeth. The
living is a rectory, with the living of Haslemere annexed,
valued in the king's books at £26. 4. 7., and in the
patronage of the Bishop of Winchester: the tithes of
Chiddingfold have been commuted for £630, and there
is a glebe of 13½ acres. The church is in the early
English style, with some later additions.
Chiddingly
CHIDDINGLY, a parish, in the union of Hailsham, hundred of Shiplake, rape of Pevensey, E.
division of Sussex, 7 miles (S. E.) from Uckfield; containing 930 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the
road from London to Eastbourne, and comprises 4393a.
3r. 16p., of which about 2100 acres are arable, 975 meadow and pasture, 1051 wood, and 80 in hop-grounds;
the surface is pleasingly undulated, and from Peake Hill
are richly diversified prospects. Dicker Common, which
was inclosed by act of parliament in 1813, is now fine
corn land. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued
in the king's books at £8, and in the patronage of Earl
Amherst; impropriator, A. E. Fuller, Esq. The great
tithes have been commuted for £550, and the vicarial for
£252. 3.; the impropriate glebe comprises 34½ acres,
and the vicarial 7 acres. The church is a handsome
edifice, chiefly in the later style, with a square embattled
tower of the early English style, surmounted by a spire;
at the east end of the south aisle is a chapel in which is
a splendid, though mutilated, monument to Sir John
Jefferay, Knt., lord chief baron of the exchequer in the
reign of Elizabeth.