Horbury
HORBURY, a chapelry, in the parish and union
of Wakefield, Lower division of the wapentake of
Agbrigg, W. riding of York, 3 miles (S. W. by W.)
from Wakefield, on the road to Huddersfield; containing 2683 inhabitants. This place is of ancient date,
having been known previous to the Domesday survey.
The chapelry comprises by measurement 1162 acres, of
arable and pasture land in nearly equal portions; and
includes the greater part of the village of Horbury-Bridge, where are several extensive coal-wharfs. Many
of the inhabitants are engaged in the spinning of yarn
and manufacture of cloth. The Calder and Hebble
navigation, which has been much improved, affords
facility of conveyance; and the Manchester and Leeds
railway has a station here. The living is a perpetual
curacy: net income, £225; patron, the Vicar of Wakefield. The present chapel, dedicated to St. Peter, is a
handsome edifice in the Grecian style, erected in 1791,
by Mr. J. Carr, architect, a native of this place, and
alderman of York, at an expense of £8000, defrayed by
himself. There are places of worship for dissenters. A
school for boys is endowed with £30 per annum, from
the town lands and other sources.
Horcutt
HORCUTT, a hamlet, in the parish of Kempsford,
union of Cirencester, hundred of Brightwells-Barrow, E. division of the county of Gloucester;
containing 132 inhabitants.
Horderley-Hall
HORDERLEY-HALL, an extra-parochial liberty, in
the union of Clun, hundred of Purslow, S. division of
Salop, 6 miles (E. by S.) from Bishop's-Castle; containing 5 inhabitants, and comprising 50 acres.
Hordle (All Saints)
HORDLE (All Saints), a parish, in the union of
Lymington, hundred of Christchurch, Lymington
and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 4 miles
(W. S. W.) from Lymington; containing, with the tything
of Arnwood, 845 inhabitants, of whom 302 are in the
tything of Hordle. The parish is washed on the south
by the English Channel, and comprises by measurement
3879 acres, of which 2181 are arable, 1056 pasture, 107
woodland, 120 garden-ground, and the remainder waste.
Of the cliffs that bound this part of the coast, Hordle
cliff is among the highest, and forms a down of considerable extent and beauty, commanding a fine view of
the Needles; the substratum is composed of various
beds of blueish clay, thickly imbedded with fossils, and
of layers of sand and gravel. Hurst Castle, which is
described in the article on Lymington, is within the
limits of the parish. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Milford: the tithes of Hordle have been commuted for £118 payable to the impropriators, and £77
payable to the vicar, who has also 32 acres of glebe.
The church was rebuilt in 1830, at an expense of £1200,
raised by subscription, aided by a grant of £200 from
the Incorporated Society; it is a neat structure in the
early English style, and contains 390 sittings. There is
a place of worship for Baptists.
Hordley (St. Mary)
HORDLEY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of
Ellesmere, hundred of Pimhill, N. division of
Salop, 3 miles (S. S. W.) from Ellesmere; containing
308 inhabitants. The parish is bounded on the west by
the river Perry, which flows into the Severn; and a
branch from the Ellesmere canal passes on the southeast. It consists of 2512a. 7p., all arable and pasture,
with the exception of about 700 acres of moorland,
which afford excellent pasture, and 30 of wood; the soil
comprises light, gravelly, and sandy earth, and the surface is in general level. The living is a rectory, valued
in the king's books at £3. 19. 2.; net income, £330;
patron, Sir J. R. Kynaston, Bart.
Horfield
HORFIELD, a parish, in the union of Clifton,
Lower division of the hundred of Berkeley, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 2½ miles (N.) from
Bristol; containing 620 inhabitants. It comprises by
measurement 1268 acres, of which 830 are pasture, 385
arable, 19 woodland, and the remainder common. The
new Barracks here, the foundation stone of which was
laid in June 1845, have just been completed, and occupy
four sides of a spacious square, on a slope towards the
east, and in a most healthy situation, commanding an
extensive prospect over a rich country. At the upper
part of the square are day-rooms for cavalry and infantry
officers; at the lower part are stables, with men's dormitories over; and the sides are occupied with various
departments, officers' sleeping-rooms, &c. The area
furnishes a spacious exercising or parade ground. The
living of Horfield is a perpetual curacy; net income, £91;
patron, the Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol. The
church, with the exception of the tower, has been rebuilt, by subscription, aided by a grant of £130 from
the Incorporated Society. There are some mineral
springs.
Horham (St. Mary)
HORHAM (St. Mary), a parish, in the union and
hundred of Hoxne, E. division of Suffolk, 2 miles
(S. W.) from Stradbroke; containing 442 inhabitants,
and comprising 1443 acres by measurement. The living
is a rectory, valued in the king's books at £12. 7. 1., and
in the gift of the Rev. William Mack: the tithes have
been commuted for £445, and the glebe comprises 23
acres. The church is a handsome structure in the early
English style, with a lofty embattled tower, and a rich
Norman arch at the south entrance; the pulpit and the
cover of the font are richly carved. There is a place of
worship for Baptists.
Horksley, Great (All Saints)
HORKSLEY, GREAT (All Saints), a parish, in
the union of Lexden and Winstree, Colchester division of the hundred of Lexden, N. division of Essex,
4 miles (N. by W.) from Colchester; containing 730
inhabitants. This parish, which is bounded on the north
by the river Stour, is pleasantly situated, and comprises
3083 acres, whereof 2592 are arable, 258 meadow and
pasture, and 134 woodland. The living is a rectory,
valued in the king's books at £15, and in the gift of Earl
de Grey: the tithes have been commuted for £989. 17. 6.,
and the glebe contains 46 acres. The church consists
of a nave, south aisle, and chancel, with a handsome
embattled tower. There are remains of an ancient
chantry (now converted into two cottages), apparently
of a date not long subsequent to the time of Edward III.;
in old documents it is called the Lady chapel.
Horksley, Little (St. Peter and St. Paul)
HORKSLEY, LITTLE (St. Peter and St. Paul),
a parish, in the union of Lexden and Winstree, Colchester division of the hundred of Lexden, N. division
of Essex, 1½ mile (S. W. by S.) from Nayland; containing 206 inhabitants. The parish is bounded on the
north by the navigable river Stour, and comprises by
measurement 1002 acres, of which the greater portion is
arable, and the remainder, with the exception of a few
acres of woodland, meadow and pasture: the soil is of
a mixed quality, producing average crops. The living
is a perpetual curacy; net income, £69; patron and
impropriator, the Rev. J. C. Warren. The church is a
handsome structure, consisting of a nave, south aisle, and
chancel, and containing several interesting monuments.
Here was a priory of Cluniac monks, subordinate to the
monastery of Thetford, in Norfolk, founded in the reign
of Henry I. by Robert Fitz-Godebold and Beatrix his
wife, and valued at the Dissolution at £27. 7. 11.
Horkstow (St. Maurice)
HORKSTOW (St. Maurice), a parish, in the union
of Glandford-Brigg, N. division of the wapentake of
Yarborough, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln,
4 miles (S. W. by W.) from Barton-upon-Humber;
containing 228 inhabitants. The parish is intersected
by the river Ancholme, which is here navigable, and
crossed by a handsome suspension-bridge, built by
Adam Smith. It comprises by measurement 2020 acres,
in equal portions of arable and pasture, with some
grounds thickly wooded with old timber; on the higher
lands is a light, and on the lower a heavy loamy soil:
an inferior kind of chalk-stone is quarried for the roads.
The village is beautifully situated under a hill, by which
it is sheltered on the east and north-east; and the surrounding scenery is richly wooded. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at £4. 18. 4.,
and in the gift of the Earl of Yarborough, whose great
tithes have been commuted for £228, and the vicarial
tithes for £255. The church is a very ancient structure,
with a square tower, and contains a family vault for the
Darells, formerly owners of property in the parish, and
a monument to Admiral Shirley. There is a place of
worship for Wesleyans. A commandery of Knights
Hospitallers of the order of St. John of Jerusalem,
existed here; and in 1796, fragments of three tessellated
pavements were discovered near Horkstow Hall, the
largest of which is divided into three compartments, one
of them exhibiting a curious representation of a chariot
race. Roman coins have also been found.
Horley (St. Ethelreda)
HORLEY (St. Ethelreda), a parish, in the union
of Banbury, hundred of Bloxham, county of Oxford,
4 miles (N. W.) from Banbury; containing 425 inhabitants. It comprises by admeasurement 1200 acres,
about equally divided between arable and pasture land.
The living is a vicarage, with that of Horton united,
valued in the king's books at £16. 13. 4., and in the
patronage of the Crown. The church is principally of
the 14th century, with a square tower rising from between the chancel and the nave; the west window is of
the date of Elizabeth or James: there is a beautiful
piscina of early English character. The edifice was repaired in 1841, when 145 free sittings were added.
Here is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A free
school was endowed by Michael Harding, in the reign
of Charles I., with houses and land; the income is £44
per annum.
Horley (St. Bartholomew)
HORLEY (St. Bartholomew), a parish, in the
union, and First division of the hundred, of Reigate,
E. division of Surrey, 5¾ miles (S. S. E.) from Reigate;
containing 1583 inhabitants. The manor belonged to
the monastery of Chertsey, and after the Reformation
was held, among others, by Sir Nicholas Carew, who
was attainted in 1539: in 1602 the Crowmer family
gave it to Christ's Hospital. The parish comprises by
measurement 7050 acres, and is intersected by the London and Brighton railway. The living is a discharged
vicarage, valued in the king's books at £14. 1. 0½.; net
income, £325; patrons and impropriators, the Governors of Christ's Hospital. The church is in the later
English style: in some of the windows are remains of
stained glass, and the edifice contains the effigy of a man
in armour, in a recumbent position, his feet resting on a
lion; also an ancient brass effigy, under a pointed arch,
to the memory of Joanna Fenner. There is a mineral
spring.
Hormead, Great (St. Nicholas)
HORMEAD, GREAT (St. Nicholas), a parish, in
the union of Buntingford, hundred of Edwinstree,
county of Hertford, 3 miles (E.) from Buntingford;
containing 595 inhabitants. The parish was inclosed in
1823, and comprises by admeasurement 1705 acres,
about 1480 of which are arable, 150 pasture, and 75
woodland; the soil is chiefly clay and marl, and the
surface is hilly. Sandstone and granite are found, and
large quantities of amygdaloid; also a great variety of
fossils, comprising shells, bones, &c. There are two
small pleasure-fairs. The living is a discharged vicarage,
valued in the king's books at £6. 3. 9.; net income,
£121; patrons, the Master and Fellows of St. John's
College, Cambridge; impropriators, the families of
Stables and Eyre. The tithes were commuted for land
and a money payment in 1814.
Hormead, Little (St. Mary)
HORMEAD, LITTLE (St. Mary), a parish, in the
union of Buntingford, hundred of Edwinstree,
county of Hertford, 2 miles (E. by S.) from Buntingford; containing 121 inhabitants. It comprises by
computation 972 acres, of which 796 are arable, 152
pasture, and 19 woodland. The scenery is rendered
picturesque by a hilly surface, interspersed with copses
of elm and oak, and enlivened by the stream of the
Quin, running along the west of the parish; the soil
has the several varieties of clay, gravel, and chalk, and
the chief produce is wheat. Granite, sandstone, and
jasper are found. The living is a rectory, valued in the
king's books at £10, and in the gift of St. John's College, Cambridge: the tithes have been commuted for
£260, and the glebe contains 82 acres, 16 of which are
in the parish of Great Hormead. The church is an extremely ancient building, the nave being of Saxon or
Norman architecture, and the chancel in the early English style. A large block of granite, standing on the
west side of the turnpike-road, is supposed by some to
be a Roman milestone, the Ermin-street having passed
near to it.
Hornblotton (St. Peter)
HORNBLOTTON (St. Peter), a parish, in the
union of Shepton-Mallet, hundred of Whitestone,
E. division of Somerset, 4½ miles (N. W. by W.) from
Castle-Cary; containing 104 inhabitants. The living is
a rectory, consolidated with that of Alford under an act
passed in 1836, and valued in the king's books at
£7. 2. 1.: the tithes have been commuted for £205,
and the glebe comprises 106 acres. The old Roman
Fosse-way skirts the north-western boundary of the
parish.
Hornby
HORNBY, a township and chapelry, and formerly a
market-town, in the parish of Melling, hundred of
Lonsdale south of the Sands, N. division of Lancashire, 9 miles (N. E.) from Lancaster; containing 318
inhabitants. This place is distinguished for its castle,
which stands on the site of a Roman villa, on the summit of a bold rock of conical form, in many parts
shrouded by trees, and washed by the Wenning at its
base. The castle was originally founded soon after the
Norman Conquest, and was subsequently the residence
of the Stanleys, lords Monteagle, to one of whom the
mysterious letter was sent which led to the discovery of
the Gunpowder plot. It consists of two parts, of which
the ancient part is in a neglected state. The foundations
of two round towers, which may have been built by the
Nevilles in the reign of Edward I., were removed some
years ago; and a wall thirty-six feet in thickness, supposed to be the base of an ancient tower, was taken up
not long since. The large square tower, or keep, the
erection of Edward, first lord Monteagle, is the only
part of the castle remaining: the modern restorations
are in front of, and conceal, the ancient portions. Here
are also the ruins of a fortress ascribed to the Saxons;
and some remains of a priory, dedicated to St. Wilfrid,
which was a cell to the Præmonstratensian abbey of
Croxton, and the revenue of which at the Dissolution
was valued at £26.
The township lies on the road from Lancaster to
Kirkby-Lonsdale; the scenery is very beautiful, embracing the picturesque and fertile vales of the Lune and
Wenning, and in the distance are seen the hills of Ingleborough, Whernside, and Pennigant. The former market
on Friday is disused, but a market for cattle, held every
alternate Tuesday, is well frequented; and there is likewise a cattle-fair on the 30th of July. The living is a
perpetual curacy; net income, £92; patron, Pudsey
Dawson, Esq., the owner of Hornby Castle. The chapel,
St. Margaret's, has an octagonal tower with pinnacles,
which, with the chancel, was built in 1514 by Edward,
Lord Monteagle, on the site of a previous building, in
fulfilment of a vow he had made at the battle of Flodden-Field: the body was erected in 1817. In the chapel is
a fine painted window representing the Ascension of
Our Saviour, and containing the armorial bearings of the
owners of the castle. There is a Roman Catholic chapel,
of which the historian, the Rev. John Lingard, D.D.,
has been the officiating priest for thirty-six years.
Hornby
HORNBY, a township, in the parish of Great
Smeaton, union of Northallerton, wapentake of
Allertonshire, N. riding of York, 7¾ miles (N.) from
Northallerton; containing 278 inhabitants. It is on
the north of the Wiske, equidistant from that river
and the Tees, and comprises about 2050 acres of land.
There is a place of worship for Wesleyans.
Hornby (St. Mary)
HORNBY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of
Leyburn, wapentake of Hang-East, N. riding of York;
containing, with the townships of Ainderby-Myers with
Holtby, and Hackforth, 309 inhabitants, of whom 87
are in the township of Hornby, 5 miles (S. S. W.) from
Catterick. The parish comprises by estimation 4175
acres; the soil is gravelly, and the surface and scenery
are richly embellished. Hornby Castle, anciently the
seat of the family of St. Quintin, and now belonging to
his Grace the Duke of Leeds, is a spacious mansion in
different styles of architecture, containing superb apartments, and commanding a fine view of the valley of
Bedale. The living is a discharged vicarage, in the
patronage of the Dean and Chapter of York (the appropriators), valued in the king's books at £6. 15. 6.; net
income, £135. The great tithes of the township of
Hornby have been commuted for £626, and the small
for £93: the Dean and Chapter have a glebe of 67
acres. The church, supposed to have been built about
the 13th century, is partly in the Norman style.
Horncastle (St. Mary)
HORNCASTLE (St. Mary), a market-town and
parish, and the head of a union, in the soke of Horncastle, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 21 miles
(E.) from Lincoln, and 134 (N.) from London; containing 4521 inhabitants. From its situation, and the
circumstance of a very extensive castle having been
erected here, a portion of the remains of which is still
visible, this place has, with great probability, been considered the Bannovallum of the Romans, mentioned by
the geographer of Ravenna. Its present name is evidently a corruption of Hyrncastre, as it was denominated
by the Saxons; from hyrn, an angle or corner (the town
being situated within an angle formed by the confluence
of the rivers Bane and Waring), and castrum, a fort or
castle. The vallum, or fortification constructed by the
Romans, having been considerably strengthened by
Horsa soon after the arrival of the two Saxon brothers,
was demolished by Vortimer, the brave king of the
Britons; and the castle, also, was taken and destroyed
after a victory obtained by one of his generals over the
Saxon prince, at the adjacent village of Tetford. At the
period of the Norman survey, the manor and soke belonged to the king; previously to which they had formed
part of the possessions of Editha, Queen of Edward the
Confessor. It does not appear at what time the manor
came into private hands, but after several grants and
reversions, it was sold in the reign of Henry III. to
Walter Mauclerke, Bishop of Carlisle, to whom that
monarch granted three charters, conferring various immunities on the inhabitants of the town and soke.
Horncastle, from an insignificant village, now became
the general mart for the surrounding district; and for
many years continued to advance, under the immediate
patronage of the bishops: Bishop Aldrich died here in
1555, and the episcopal residence was not demolished
until 1770.
The town, which is neat and well built, and lighted
with gas, occupies a low but pleasant situation at the
foot of the Wolds. From a plan made by Dr. Stukeley
in 1722, it seems to have been scarcely half so large as
it is at present; and the houses, then built with clay
walls, and covered with thatch, have been succeeded by
respectable brick edifices. The general appearance of
the neighbourhood, also, has been greatly improved by
the inclosure of lands, under the authority of an act
procured in 1803. Here is a subscription library, formed
in 1790, and containing about 1000 volumes; and the
clerical library, in High-street, comprises some respectable standard works. A mechanics' institute was erected
in 1836. Formerly, many of the inhabitants were employed in tanning leather, but about 80 years ago this
branch of trade experienced a rapid decline, and there
are now only two tanyards remaining. The prosperity
of the town, however, was in a great degree advanced
by an act obtained in 1792, under the powers of which a
canal was constructed, communicating with the river
Bain, which was thus made navigable to the Witham;
and by this means a junction was formed with the Trent
and its numerous ramifications. Since the completion
of the undertaking, in 1801, considerable commerce has
been carried on in corn and wool; about 30,000 quarters
of the former, and 3000 packs of the latter being
annually sent from this place to different parts of England. The market is on Saturday. The fairs are, one
concluding on the 22nd of June, which lasts about three
days; another, which terminates on the 21st of August
(having continued for about ten days), and which is the
largest fair for horses in the kingdom, many thousands
being exhibited for sale during its continuance, and the
fair being resorted to by dealers from all parts of the
country, from the continent, and from America; and a
third, held on October 28th and 29th, which was
removed hither from Market-Stainton, in 1768, for a consideration of £200, paid to the lord of that manor. The
powers of the county debt-court of Horncastle, established in 1847, extend over the greater part of the
registration-district of Horncastle. The charter granted
by Henry III. to the bishop, as lord of the manor, gave
authority to try felons and hold a court leet, and
exempted the inhabitants from toll and several other
payments and services, besides protecting them from
arrest by the officers of the king or the sheriff; but
these manorial rights and privileges, except the court
leet, have been long disused. On the eastern boundary
of the parish is a spot called Hangman's Corner, where
criminals capitally convicted in the court of the manor
were executed.
The parish comprises by measurement 2000 acres,
chiefly arable land. The living is a vicarage, valued
in the king's books at £14. 4. 2.; net income, £612;
patron and appropriator, the Bishop of Carlisle: the
tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in
1803. The church appears, from the few remaining
portions of the original edifice, to have been erected
about the time of Henry VII.: it comprises a north and
south aisle, continued on each side of the chancel; the
aisle north of the chancel was rebuilt in 1820, and part
of the aisle south of the nave in 1821. The interior is
exceedingly neat, and contains several interesting monuments to members of the family of Dymoke, of Scrivelsby, in which is vested the office of hereditary champion of England. The Baptists, Wesleyans, Independents, and Primitive Methodists, have each a place of
worship. The free grammar school was founded by
Edward, Lord Clinton and Saye, lord high admiral of
England, by virtue of letters-patent granted in 1562;
and is endowed with about £200 per annum, under the
control of a body corporate possessing a common seal.
There is also a charity school founded by Mr. Richard
Watson, in 1784. The poor-law union of Horncastle
comprises 68 parishes or places, and contains a population of 23,222. The remains of the ancient fortress of
Horncastle merely serve to exhibit its form and magnitude. A little south-westward from the town, near the
union of the rivers, was one of those labyrinths common
to Roman stations, called the Julian Bower; and many
urns, coins, fibulæ, and other vestiges of the Romans,
have been discovered in the immediate neighbourhood at
different periods.
Hornchurch (St. Andrew)
HORNCHURCH (St. Andrew), a parish, within the
liberty of Havering-atte-Bower, union of Romford,
S. division of Essex, 14¼ miles (E. N. E.) from London;
containing 2399 inhabitants. The parish extends from
the road between Romford and Brentwood on the north,
to the Thames on the south; and the Eastern-Counties
railway crosses the northern part of it. An ironfoundry has been established, and there is also a brewery.
A small fair is held on Whit-Monday. The living is a
donative not in charge; net income, £740; patrons and
impropriators, the Warden and Fellows of New College,
Oxford. A priory, dedicated to St. Nicholas and St.
Bernard, and forming a cell to the hospital of Monte
Jovis, in Savoy, was instituted here about the reign of
Henry II., and was purchased in that of Richard II. by
William of Wykeham, for his foundation of New College.
Horncliffe
HORNCLIFFE, a township, in the parish of Norham, union of Berwick-upon-Tweed, N. division of
Northumberland, 5 miles (W. S. W.) from Berwick:
containing 322 inhabitants. It is situated on the Tweed,
and comprises about 840 acres of land. From Horncliffe Hall is a fine prospect of the extensive plain of
Merse, and the luxuriant banks of the Tweed. The tithes
have been commuted for £151. 3., payable to the Dean
and Chapter of Durham.
Horndean
HORNDEAN, a village and post-town, in the parish
and union of Catherington, hundred of Finch-Dean,
Petersfield and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 8 miles (S. S. W.) from Petersfield. This
thriving village is pleasantly situated on the road from
Portsmouth to London; the scenery is beautifully
diversified, and in the neighbourhood are several handsome seats. A national school was built in 1827.