Hyckham, North (All Saints)
HYCKHAM, NORTH (All Saints), a parish, in
the Lower division of the wapentake of Boothby-Graffo, parts of Kesteven, union and county of
Lincoln, 4¾ miles (S. W. by S.) from the city of Lincoln;
containing 367 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual
curacy, valued in the king's books at £19. 16. 3.; net
income, £208; patron, the Bishop of Lincoln. The
tithes were commuted for corn-rents in 1769. The
church is in ruins.
Hyckham, South (St. Michael)
HYCKHAM, SOUTH (St. Michael), a parish, in
the Lower division of the wapentake of Boothby-Graffo, parts of Kesteven, union and county of
Lincoln, 6 miles (S. W. by S.) from Lincoln; containing, with a portion of the township of Haddington, 147
inhabitants. The living is a rectory, in the patronage
of the Crown, with a net income of £340: the tithes
were commuted for corn-rents, under an inclosure act
of the 39th and 40th George III.
Hyde
HYDE, a town, and a township, in the parish and
union of Stockport, hundred of Macclesfield, N.
division of the county of Chester, 7½ miles (E. S. E.)
from Manchester; containing 10,151 inhabitants. So
early as the reign of John, a part of the manor of Hyde
was held by a family of the same name, of which the
great Lord Chancellor Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, was a
descendant; the remaining portion was acquired by
them in the reign of Edward III. Half the township is
now the property of the Clarke family, by the marriage
of George Clarke, Esq., lieutenant-governor of New
York, with Anne, one of the daughters and eventually
sole heiress of Edward Hyde, Esq. The township remained until of late years a mere agricultural district,
thinly inhabited; but has now become a rapidly improving place by the establishment of the cotton manufacture, for which there are some of the largest spinning
and power-loom factories in the kingdom, employing
more than 5000 hands. The township is on the Manchester and Mottram turnpike-road, and comprises 890
acres, whereof 731 are arable and pasture, 33 woodland,
and 126 in roads, streets, buildings, &c.; it contains
extensive coal-mines, the property of Edward Hyde
Clarke, Esq., and stone is also wrought. The river
Tame separates Hyde from Haughton, in Lancashire.
Water conveyance to Manchester is had by the Peak-Forest canal, which passes through the township, and
unites with the Ashton canal; and the Sheffield and
Manchester railway passes within a quarter of a mile of
Hyde: a proposed branch from this railway will be made
through the town, and thence to Whaley-Bridge.
Hyde is a flourishing place with many good streets
and handsome shops; the inhabitants are supplied with
water from reservoirs situated at Werneth Lowe, about
a mile distant. A literary and scientific institution, and
a mechanics' institute, have been established. A market
is held on Saturday, and is numerously attended by the
residents of the populous districts around. The magistrates of the division of Hyde hold a session every Monday, at the court-room in the town, where is also a
police-office for the district. The police officers are appointed by the magistrates, under a constabulary act for
Cheshire (that county being excepted from the general
Rural-Police act for England and Wales); the common
township constables are appointed at the court leet of
the Queen's forest and manor of Macclesfield. A court
baron is held at Hyde Hall on the first Wednesday after
the 21st of November. The powers of the county debtcourt of Hyde, established in 1847, extend over part of
the two registration-districts of Stockport and Ashtonunder-Lyne. St. George's church, here, for which the
site was given by Mr. Clarke, was erected in 1832, at a
cost of £4310, raised by parliamentary grant and local
subscriptions; it is in the early English style, with a
tower. The living is a perpetual curacy; net income,
£170; patron, the Rector of Stockport, whose tithes in
the township have been commuted for £12. A church
district named St. Thomas's has been formed by the
Ecclesiastical Commission: the living is in the gift of
the Crown and the Bishop of Chester, alternately. There
are places of worship for Independents, Wesleyans, and
Unitarians: the last recently erected a new meetinghouse of great beauty, in the pointed style, at Gee-Cross,
in the township, in lieu of that built there in 1708.
Hyde, with Pinnock.—See Pinnock.
HYDE, with Pinnock.—See Pinnock.
Hyde
HYDE, a ville, in the parish of Kingsbury, poorlaw union of Hendon, hundred of Gore, county of
Middlesex; containing 263 inhabitants.
Hyde
HYDE, a tything, in the parish of Montacute,
union of Yeovil, hundred of Tintinhull, W. division
of Somerset; containing 46 inhabitants.
Hyde-Ash
HYDE-ASH, a township, in the parish and union of
Leominster, hundred of Wolphy, county of Hereford, 6 miles (S. W.) from the town of Leominster;
containing, with Wintercott, 199 inhabitants.
Hyde, East and West
HYDE, EAST and WEST, a hamlet, in the parish
and union of Luton, hundred of Flitt, county of Bedford, 3¾ miles (S. E.) from Luton; containing 631 inhabitants. At East Hyde is a church dedicated to St.
Thomas, in the Norman style, of which the first stone
was laid by Mrs. Ames, of The Hyde, in 1840. It was
built through the exertions of Mr. Ames and his family,
and contains 500 sittings; the painted windows, font,
communion-plate, and organ, were all presented by
Mrs. Ames. The living is in the gift of the Bishop of
London.
Hyde-Pastures
HYDE-PASTURES, a hamlet, in the parish of
Hunningham, union of Hinckley, Southam division of
the hundred of Knightlow, S. division of the county of
Warwick, 2¼ miles (E.) from Nuneaton; containing
21 inhabitants. It is situated on the borders of Leicestershire, and consists of 408 acres.
Hylton
HYLTON, a township, in the parish of Monk-Wearmouth, union of Sunderland, E. division of
Chester ward, N. division of the county of Durham,
3 miles (W. N. W.) from Sunderland; containing 550
inhabitants. This township, which is in the vale of the
Wear, and on the road from Sunderland to Newcastle,
comprises Hylton Castle, a baronial mansion, which has
been much modernised, the centre only possessing any
claim to antiquity. The grounds to the north and
north-east are laid out in slopes and terraces. It was
the residence of the Hyltons from the time of King
Athelstan to the year 1746, and the building has the
arms of that ancient family and its alliances engraven
on it in numerous places; its battlements are ornamented with statues, and its corners with circular turrets. The domestic chapel is first mentioned in a record
of the date 1157, when the prior of Durham granted
that the knight of Heltun might have his own chaplain;
it was dedicated to St. Katherine, but before 1322 there
was a chantry founded within it in honour of the Virgin.
The chapel was resigned into the hands of the prior before the Dissolution, but was afterwards restored by the
family as a domestic place of worship, and was again
used during the residence of Simon Temple, Esq.
Hylton Ferry, county Durham.—See Ford.
HYLTON FERRY, county Durham.—See Ford.
Hythe (St. Leonard)
HYTHE (St. Leonard),
a borough, parish, and one
of the cinque-ports, having
separate jurisdiction, in the
union of Elham, and locally
in the hundred of Hythe,
lathe of Shepway, E. division
of Kent, 33 miles (S. E. by
E.) from Maidstone, and 67
(S. E. by E.) from London;
containing 2265 inhabitants.
This place, which is of great
antiquity, was noted for
the security of its haven, from which circumstance it
appears to have derived its Saxon name, signifying
"harbour." In 456, a sanguinary battle occurred on
this part of the coast, between the Britons and the
Saxons, when many were slain on both sides: their
bones, whitened by long exposure on the sea-shore,
having been collected, were deposited in the crypt under
the chancel of the parochial church. Hythe, from its
maritime importance, was constituted one of the cinqueports, rated at five ships, with a complement of 21 men
each, for the service of the king, and invested with
ample privileges. In 1036, the town, with the manor of
Saltwood, was given to the see of Canterbury, the archbishops of which built a castle at Saltwood, about a
mile to the north. In the early part of the reign of
Henry IV., according to Lambarde, "Hythe was grievously afflicted, in so much, beside the furie of the pestilence which raged all over, there were in one day 200 of
the houses consumed by fire, and five of the ships with
100 men drowned;" the inhabitants impoverished and
dispirited by this calamity, thought of abandoning the
town, but were prevented by the interposition of the
king, who released them for a time from their services
as inhabitants of a cinque-port. At the Reformation,
Archbishop Cranmer exchanged the manor of Saltwood,
and the town of Hythe, with Henry VIII.; and they
continued vested in the crown until the 17th of Elizabeth, who granted the place at a fee-farm rent of £3 to
the inhabitants, whom she incorporated, by the style of
"the Mayor, Jurats, and Commonalty of the town and
port of Hythe." Since the maritime survey made in
that reign, the haven has been entirely choked up with
sand, and the beach is now nearly three-quarters of a
mile from the town.
Corporation Seal.
Hythe
Hythe consists principally of one long street, running parallel with the sea, and intersected nearly at
right angles by several smaller streets: the houses are
irregularly built; those on the higher grounds command a fine view of the sea, Romney-Marsh, and the
adjacent country, which abounds with romantic scenery,
and affords numerous pleasing walks and rides. The
town is much frequented during the season for bathing.
At the entrance from the London road are the barracks,
in which about 50 of the Royal Sappers and Miners are
stationed. The theatre, a small building, is opened
occasionally, and there is a public library. The coast
is defended by a range of strong forts and a line of martello towers, erected during the late war with France.
The Royal Military canal from Hythe to Rye affords a
facility of conveyance for goods; a passage-boat plies
daily on it, and the South-Eastern railway runs near
Hythe. The market is on Saturday, and a corn-market
is held on Thursday; fairs take place on July 10th and
December 1st. Under a charter granted in the 20th of
Charles II., the corporation consisted of a mayor, 12
jurats, and 34 common-councilmen, aided by a recorder,
town-clerk, two chamberlains, and other officers; but by
the act of the 5th and 6th of William IV., cap. 76, the
government is now vested in a mayor, 4 aldermen, and
12 councillors, the total number of magistrates being 9.
The municipal borough comprises 1717 acres, and the
parliamentary 2622. The town formerly returned two
members to parliament, but now sends only one; the
mayor is returning officer. A court of quarter-sessions
is held before the recorder; and petty-sessions occur on
the last Thursday in the month: a court of record is
held on alternate Saturdays. The county magistrates
for the division hold a meeting here on the third Monday in every month: the powers of the county debtcourt of Hythe, established in 1847, extend over part of
the registration-district of Elham. The court-hall is a
convenient building in the centre of the town; the
market-place was formed by Viscount Strangford, in the
reign of Charles II. There is a small borough gaol and
house of correction.
The living is annexed to the rectory of Saltwood.
The church is a spacious and handsome structure, partly
Norman and partly early English, with a tower at the
west end in the former style, and a central tower of the
latter character. It has been repaired and renovated by
the present rector, the Archdeacon of Canterbury; and
contains some monuments of considerable antiquity to
the family of Deedes, one of which is to the memory of
Julius Deedes, who represented the borough as a baron
in parliament, and was mayor of Hythe, in the time of
Charles II. Under the chancel is a very fine crypt,
beautifully groined, and having a door on each side with
highly-enriched mouldings. Over the porch is a large
apartment used as the town-hall, in which the mayor and
other officers of the corporation are chosen. Formerly
there were two other churches, the sites of which were
taken by government when the canal was cut. Here are
places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans.
St. Bartholomew's hospital for four men and eight
women, was founded by Haimo, Bishop of Rochester,
about 1336, and is endowed with land producing
about £270 per annum. An almshouse for nine persons,
called St. John's Hospital, is also endowed with landed
property; and there are some other charitable benefactions. Near the end of Stane-street, the Roman road
from Canterbury, is the ancient port Lemanus, or Limne,
where the remains of the walls of that station are still
visible.
Hythe
HYTHE, a district chapelry, in the parish of Fawley,
union of New-Forest, hundred of Bishop's-Waltham,
Southampton and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 3 miles (S.) from the town of Southampton.
This place is agreeably situated on the bank of the
Southampton Water, opposite to the town, with which
a communication is kept up by passage-boats. An act
was passed in 1844, for making a landing-place here.
There are numerous respectable houses, and an extensive yard for ship-building. The living is a perpetual
curacy, in the patronage of the incumbent of Fawley;
net income, £92. The chapel, dedicated to St. John,
was built in 1823.
Hythe, West (St. Mary)
HYTHE, WEST (St. Mary), a parish, in the union,
and partly within the liberties, of Romney-Marsh, but
chiefly within the liberties of the town and port of
Hythe (of which it is a member), partly in the hundred
of Hythe, and partly in that of Worth, lathe of Shepway, E. division of Kent, 2 miles (W. by S.) from Hythe;
containing 237 inhabitants. The haven of West Hythe
was a place of great resort for shipping so early as the
first settlement of the Saxons; and in the reign of
Edward the Confessor, the town, from its maritime
importance, had the privileges of a cinque-port; but on
the subsequent retirement of the sea, it yielded to the
growing importance of the new town of Hythe. The
parish comprises 1253 acres. The Military canal passes
through. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king's
books at £8. 14. 4½.; net income, £34; patron, the
Archdeacon of Canterbury. The church has been demolished.