Penalth
PENALTH, a parish, in the division of Trelleck,
hundred of Raglan, union and county of Monmouth,
1¾ mile (S. E. by S.) from Monmouth; containing 533
inhabitants. It is situated on the right bank of the
river Wye, and contains about 2000 acres. The living
is a vicarage, endowed with the rectorial tithes, and annexed to that of Trelleck. The church is an ancient
structure, on the slope of a hill overlooking the Wye.
Penbiddle
PENBIDDLE, a hamlet, in the parish of Llanvihangel-Crucorney, union and division of Abergavenny, hundred of Skenfreth, county of Monmouth;
containing 94 inhabitants.
Pencombe
PENCOMBE, a parish, in the union of Bromyard,
hundred of Broxash, county of Hereford, 4 miles
(W. by S.) from Bromyard; containing 410 inhabitants,
of whom 383 are in the township of Pencombe. The
parish comprises 3955a. 39p.; it abounds in buildingstone of ordinary quality. A court leet is held once in
three years; and by ancient custom, the lord of the
manor claims a pair of gilt spurs whenever a mayor of
Hereford dies while in office. The living is a rectory,
valued in the king's books at £13. 6. 8., and in the gift
of the family of Arkwright: the tithes have been commuted for £470, and the glebe comprises 119 acres.
There is also an endowed chapel, of which the living is a
perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Rector.
Pencoyd (St. Denis)
PENCOYD (St. Denis), a parish, in the union of
Ross, Upper division of the hundred of Wormelow,
county of Hereford, 4 miles (W. N. W.) from Ross;
containing 225 inhabitants. It comprises 860 acres,
and is intersected by the road from Hereford to Ross;
the soil is productive, and inferior sandstone is obtained.
The living is a perpetual curacy, united to that of Marstow, and endowed with the vicarial tithes, the rectorial
being in the hands of the Dean and Chapter of Hereford:
there are about 14 acres of rectorial glebe.
Pendeen
PENDEEN, an ecclesiastical district, in the parish
of St. Just, union of Penzance, W. division of the
hundred of Penwith and of the county of Cornwall,
6½ miles (N. W.) from Penzance; containing 2700 inhabitants. This district lies on the north-west coast of
the county, and is partly bounded by Pendeen cove;
westward it is bounded by the sea. It extends two
miles and a quarter from north to south, and two miles
and a half from east to west; and is a dreary, treeless
tract, disfigured by mining operations. There are several
tin and copper mines, of which the principal are Levant and Botallack. The district was constituted in
January 1846, under the act 6th and 7th Victoria, cap.
37: the church has not yet been built. The dissenters
have six places of worship. At Pendeen is an extensive cave, to which the Britons probably retired as a
place of security, with their property, from the assaults
of the Saxons or piratical Danes; and in different parts
of the district are cairns and ancient circles. Dr. William Borlase, author of the Natural History and Antiquities of Cornwall, was born here.
Pendeford
PENDEFORD, an ancient prebend, in the parish
of Tettenhall, union of Seisdon, S. division of the
hundred of Seisdon and of the county of Stafford,
4¼ miles (N. N. W.) from Wolverhampton; containing
328 inhabitants. This place, now commonly called Penford, is a hamlet of 1868 acres, near the source of the
river Pent. Pendeford Hall, a neat mansion, is surrounded by picturesque and well-wooded scenery.
Pendle Forest, in the county of Lancaster.—See Newchurch-in-Pendle.
PENDLE FOREST, in the county of Lancaster.—
See Newchurch-in-Pendle.
Pendlebury
PENDLEBURY, a township, in the parish of Eccles,
union and hundred of Salford, S. division of Lancashire, 4¼ miles (N. W. by W.) from Manchester; containing 2198 inhabitants. Mention of the local family
of Pendlebury occurs as early as the time of Henry I.
The Longleys or Langleys subsequently held lands
here; of this family was Cardinal Thomas Langley, son
of Sir Thomas, who flourished at the beginning of the
16th century. The manor passed by marriage to Sir
Edward Coke's fifth son, and was sold by the late Earl
of Leicester, when Mr. Coke, to the Drinkwater family.
Agecroft Hall, a fine large wood-and-plaster mansion
principally of the age of Elizabeth, stands on an eminence overlooking the course of the river Irwell; it was
successively the residence of the Langley and Dauntesey
families, and at the end of the last century came into
the possession of the Rev. Richard Buck. The windows
are ornamented with stained glass, exhibiting the armorial bearings of John of Gaunt, emblems of Henry II.,
and arms and crests of the Langleys: the apartment
now used as a library, was a domestic chapel in the reign
of Elizabeth, at which time there was a moat in front of
the Hall. The Bolton and Bury canal and the Manchester and Bolton railway run through the township,
as does the road from Manchester to Bolton. The
population is chiefly employed in the manufacture and
printing of cotton. St. John's church, here, is a plain
square-built Norman structure, without a chancel, erected
by the Manchester and Eccles Church-Building Society.
The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £200;
patrons, Trustees. There is a place of worship for Independents, and on the road to Bolton are schools in
connexion with the Church.
Pendleton
PENDLETON, a chapelry, in the parish of Eccles,
borough, union, and hundred of Salford, S. division of
Lancashire, 2½ miles (W. by N.) from Manchester;
containing 11,032 inhabitants. This place, anciently
called Pen-hulton, was held by the Hultons, of Hulton,
at first under the earls Ferrers, but afterwards in chief
of the king. The lands have been subsequently in the
possession of various families. The chapelry is situated
on the Irwell, and at the junction of the Liverpool and
Bolton roads to Manchester: the Bolton and Bury
canal, and the Manchester and Liverpool, and Manchester and Bolton railways, also pass through it. In
1780 the village was little more than a cluster of cottages, with its maypole and its green; it is now an
opulent and extensive suburb of Salford, abounds in
mansions, and contains large cotton-mills, and dyeing,
printing, and bleaching establishments, affording, with
handicraft trades, and collieries, employment to its large
population. A small library was established in 1829,
and a dispensary in 1831. The living is a perpetual
curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of Eccles; net income, £344. The chapel, rebuilt at the joint expense of
the inhabitants and the Parliamentary Commissioners,
was consecrated in October, 1831. It is a conspicuous
and ornamented structure in the pointed style, and contains 1520 pew-sittings, of which 700 are free, exclusively of several hundred free seats on forms: in front
of the altar is a splendid picture by Paul Veronese, representing the Taking Down of Christ from the Cross,
liberally presented by John Greaves, Esq., of Pendleton.
The cost of the re-erection of the chapel was £7505.
There are places of worship for Independents, Wesleyans,
and Methodists of the New Connexion. Hylewood, an
oblong hillock in the chapelry, was supposed to exhibit
marks of a Roman camp; but subsequent examination,
in digging the foundation of Hylewood Tower, has
shown that this eminence consists merely of the red
rocky sandstone of the district.
Pendleton
PENDLETON, a township, in the parish of Whalley, union and parliamentary borough of Clitheroe,
Higher division of the hundred of Blackburn, N. division of Lancashire, 2¼ miles (S. S. E.) from Clitheroe;
containing, with the hamlet of Sabden, 1469 inhabitants.
"Peniltune" is found in the Domesday survey, from
which it appears that Edward the Confessor held half a
hide of land here. At the Conquest it passed to the
Lacys, from whom it was inherited by the house of
Lancaster. Henry, "the Good Duke," gave some possessions here to the monks of Whalley, to support two
recluses and their women servants in a hermitage. The
Clyderows had lands in Pendleton; and in the 10th of
Henry V., Sir Henry Hoghton is recorded to have levied
a fine on the manor, having married the daughter of
Richard Radcliffe, who inherited from the Clyderows.
Charles Aspinall, with whose family the Hoghtons intermarried in the reign of Elizabeth, died seised of lands in
Pendleton, 17th Charles I. The township is large,
stretching along Pendle Hill, which rises 1803 feet above
the level of the sea and commands a most extensive
prospect: in a deep dale is the thriving village of Sabden. About 1000 of the population are employed in
calico-printing. The Clitheroe and Blackburn road
passes through the township. A church, a chaste and
beautiful structure in the pointed style, built at the sole
expense of Mrs. Blegborough, late Miss Aspinall, was
consecrated in 1847; it stands at the upper end of the
village of Pendleton, and attracts deserved admiration
for the elegance of its architecture. There are places of
worship for Baptists and Presbyterians, the latter an
ancient building; and a national school, endowed with
£12 per annum.
Pendock
PENDOCK, a parish, in the union of Tewkesbury,
Lower division of the hundred of Oswaldslow, though
locally in the Lower division of that of Pershore, Upton
and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 6 miles
(W.) from Tewkesbury; containing 270 inhabitants.
The parish is situated on the road from Tewkesbury to
Ledbury, and comprises 1168a. 2r. 29p., of which about
two-thirds are arable, and nearly one-third meadow and
pasture, with 35 acres of woodland; the soil is a red
marl. The Malvern hills form a grand object in the
scenery. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's
books at £11. 2. 11.; net income, £300, with a glebehouse; patrons, the family of Symonds. The church
is an ancient and neat building of stone, containing 140
sittings. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans.
Pendomer
PENDOMER, a parish, in the union of Yeovil,
hundred of Houndsborough, Berwick, and Coker,
W. division of Somerset, 4½ miles (S. W. by S.) from
Yeovil; containing 81 inhabitants. In 659, Kenwalk,
the West Saxon, defeated the Britons here, and pursued
them to Pedridan, now Petherton, about eight miles
distant. Stone for roads and for building is obtained.
The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at
£3. 4. 4½., and in the gift of William Helyar, Esq.: the
tithes have been commuted for £177, and there are 77
acres of glebe. The church is a neat structure in the
early English style of architecture, and contains a monument of a Knight Templar.
Penge
PENGE, a hamlet, in the parish of Battersea, union
of Croydon, E. division of the hundred of Brixton
and of the county of Surrey, 3¾ miles (N. N. E.) from
Croydon; containing 270 inhabitants. The London and
Croydon railway crosses the hamlet, near which one of
its stations is situated. Land was assigned to the vicar
of Battersea, in lieu of tithes here, under an inclosure
act in the 7th and 8th of George IV. A small church
was built in 1838. Almshouses were opened in 1841,
for the reception of poor, aged, and married freemen of
the company of watermen and lightermen of the river
Thames, their wives, and the widows of freemen; the
houses are above thirty in number, and built on about
two acres of freehold land given by Mr. Browne. Among
the contributors to their erection were, the Queen Dowager, who presented 100 guineas; the late Alderman
Lucas, £100; Mr. Browne, £430; and the company,
1000 guineas.
Penhow (St. John the Baptist)
PENHOW (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in
the union of Newport, division of Christchurch,
hundred of Caldicot, county of Monmouth, 5½ miles
(E. by S.) from Caerleon; containing 252 inhabitants.
The parish comprises about 1600 acres, of which 600
are wood, and the remainder arable and pasture; the
soil is calcareous, adapted for corn, and the grazing-land
in some places, especially near the village, is very good.
The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king's
books at £5. 4. 9½.; patron, John Cave, Esq.: the tithes
have been commuted for £180, and the glebe consists
of 28 acres. Some remains still exist of Penhow Castle,
which belonged to the illustrious family of Seymour,
who came over to England about the time of the Conquest; the situation is exceedingly picturesque, on an
eminence above the road from Chepstow to Newport.
Penhurst
PENHURST, a parish, in the union of Battle,
hundred of Netherfield, rape of Hastings, E. division of Sussex, 4 miles (W. by N.) from Battle; containing 103 inhabitants. Ironstone abounds, and here
was formerly a large furnace. The living is a discharged
rectory, annexed to the vicarage of Ashburnham, and
valued in the king's books at £3. 18. 4.: the tithes have
been commuted for £125. 15., and there are 50 acres of
glebe. The church is principally in the later English
style, with a square tower at the west end.
Penistone (St. John the Baptist)
PENISTONE (St. John the Baptist), a markettown and parish, in the union of Wortley, wapentake
of Staincross, W. riding of York; containing, with
the chapelry of Denby, and the townships of Gunthwaite, Hunshelf, Ingbirchworth, Langsett, Oxspring,
and Thurlestone, 5907 inhabitants, of whom 738 are in
the township of Penistone, 8 miles (W. S. W.) from
Barnsley, and 177 (N. N. W.) from London. The town
is situated on the south bank of the river Don, and consists of four streets diverging at right angles; the houses
are in general well built. A few families are employed
in the weaving of linen by hand-looms. Here is a station of the Manchester and Sheffield railway, 28 miles
from Manchester; and 13 from Sheffield. The market
is on Thursday, and principally for cattle and sheep;
fairs take place on the Thursday before Feb. 28th, the
last Thursday in March, May 12th, and the Thursday
before October 10th. The parish comprises by measurement 21,338 acres; about 2000 acres are moorland, 100
wood and plantations, and of the remainder about onethird is arable, and two-thirds are pasture. The substratum contains coal, which is wrought to a limited
extent; and there are quarries of good stone, of which
large quantities are sent to London, chiefly consisting of
flags for pavements. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at £16. 14. 2.; net income, £147, with a glebe-house; patron, Alexander W.
R. Bosville, Esq. The church is a neat structure, with a
tower, and from its elevated situation forms a conspicuous feature in the landscape. At Denby is a separate
incumbency. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends, Independents, and Wesleyans. The
free grammar school was founded in 1604, and has been
endowed by several benefactors with houses, lands, and
rent-charges, now producing £100 per annum.
Penketh
PENKETH, a township, in the chapelry of Great
Sankey, parish of Prescot, union of Warrington,
hundred of West Derby, S. division of Lancashire,
3½ miles (W.) from Warrington; containing 652 inhabitants. The Penketh family were connected with this
township from a very early period. Thomas Penketh,
who was bred an Augustinian in Warrington, and a
doctor of divinity in Oxford, was, says Fuller, "a great
Scotist, and of prodigious memory; he was called to be
a professor at Padua, and, returning to England, became
provincial of his order. By his last act, in bastardizing
the issue of King Edward IV., he stained his former life,
and disgraced his order, which afterwards daily decayed,
and finally dissolved in England." The family held the
lordship until Margaret, heiress of Richard Penketh,
married Richard Ashton, whose posterity made it their
seat. In the 15th of Charles I., the manor was vested
in the Irelands, of Bewsey, from whom it passed to the
Athertons, now represented by Lord Lilford. The township is bounded on the south by the Mersey river, and
is intersected by the road from Warrington to Liverpool; it comprises 1048a. 8p., of which 105 acres are
common or waste land, known as Greyston Heath. The
vicarial tithes have been commuted for £40; and the
impropriate for £99. 9. 5., payable to King's College,
Cambridge. There are places of worship for Wesleyans
and the Society of Friends; that of the latter is one of
the most ancient meeting-houses in the kingdom.
Penkhull
PENKHULL, a township, in the parish and union
of Stoke-upon-Trent, N. division of the hundred of
Pirehill and of the county of Stafford; containing
7947 inhabitants. This township includes the whole
town of Stoke, with the exception of a small portion,
which is in Fenton-Vivian; it includes also the villages
or hamlets of Basford, Trent-Vale, and Hartshill, with
numerous handsome mansions and villas. The large
village of Penkhull covers the heights above the town,
and appears to be one of the oldest seats of the earthenware manufacture in the neighbourhood, as, so early as
1600, it had three coarse brown-ware potteries. In the
township are, a good stone-quarry, large earthenware
and china manufactories, and several brick and tile
yards. A district church, dedicated to St. Thomas, was
built in 1842; it is a cruciform structure in the early
English style, with a spire, and contains 450 sittings.
The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the
Rev. T. W. Minton, M.A., by whom it has been endowed
with £1000.—See Stoke.
Penkridge (St. Michael)
PENKRIDGE (St. Michael), a parish, and the
head of a union, partly in the W., but chiefly in the E.,
division of the hundred of Cuttlestone, S. division of
the county of Stafford, 6 miles (S.) from Stafford, and
128 (N. W.) from London; containing, with the chapelries of Coppenhall, Dunston, and Stretton, 3129 inhabitants, of whom 2488 are in the township of Penkridge.
This place is of great antiquity, and is supposed by Camden to have been the Roman Pennocrucium. Part of its
modern name is evidently deduced from the river Penk,
on which it stands; but whether the remainder denotes
the bank of this stream, or is a corruption of bridge, is a
matter of conjecture. The town consists chiefly of two
streets. The Bull bridge, which here crosses the Penk
by several small arches, was erected a few years ago;
and about half a mile higher up the river is the ancient
Cuttlestone bridge, which gives name to the hundred.
There are some iron-works. The Staffordshire and Worcestershire canal passes to the east; and here is a station of the Liverpool and Birmingham railway, which
crosses the Penk by a noble viaduct of six arches. The
market, held on Tuesday, is now disused; but fairs take
place on April 30th, Sept. 2nd, and Oct. 10th, the first
of which is said to be one of the greatest marts for
cattle in the kingdom, and the second is a noted horsefair. Races are held in September, upon a course on
the north side of the town. The petty-sessions for the
east and west divisions of the hundred are occasionally
held here. The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £189; patron and impropriator, Lord Hatherton,
whose tithes in Penkridge township have been commuted
for £532: the incumbent has a glebe of one acre, and a
new house in the cottage style. The church is principally in the later English style, with an east window of
decorated character; it was made collegiate by King
John, and given by him to the see of Dublin, the archbishop being dean, with thirteen prebendaries, whose
revenues, at the Reformation, were valued at £106. 15. 1.
In each of the three chapelries is a separate incumbency.
Here is a place of worship for Methodists. In 1731,
Francis Sherratt gave land for the education of boys,
producing, with other bequests, £36 per annum; and in
1819, schoolrooms were built by Lord Hatherton, in
which children are instructed at his expense on the
national system, aided by the endowment. The poorlaw union of Penkridge comprises 21 parishes or places,
and contains a population of 16,074. Congreve, a hamlet in the parish, long the seat of an ancient family of
the same name, is the birthplace of the learned divine
and critic, Dr. Richard Hurd, Bishop of Worcester, who
died in the year 1808.
Penmaen
PENMAEN, an ecclesiastical district, in the parish of
Mynyddyslwyn, union of Newport, Lower division of
the hundred of Wentlloog, county of Monmouth, 12
miles (N. W.) from Newport; containing 2474 inhabitants. This district was constituted in March 1846, under
the provisions of the act 6th and 7th Victoria, cap. 37.
It is five miles in length and two in breadth, and is
bounded by the Sirhowy river on the west, the Ebbw
on the east, and the parish of Bedwelty on the north;
on the south is the road from Pont-y-Pool to MerthyrTydvil. The district is agricultural, but ill-cultivated;
the surface is hilly, in some parts woody, but having in
other parts a barren appearance. Collieries are in operation. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage
of the Crown and the Bishop of Llandaff, alternately.
A well-built school-house is licensed by the bishop for
divine service: the school affords accommodation for
400 children, and is supported by Sir Thomas Phillips.
There is a place of worship for Independents.
Penn (Holy Trinity)
PENN (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of
Amersham, hundred of Burnham, county of Buckingham, 3 miles (N. W. by N.) from Beaconsfield; containing 1040 inhabitants. It comprises 3889 acres, of
which 380 are common or waste. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at £9. 13. 4.;
patron and impropriator, Earl Howe. The great tithes
have been commuted for £371. 12., the vicarial for
£338. 13., and the glebe comprises 42 acres. There are
places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyans; also a
school, founded in 1750, by Sir Nathaniel and Eleanor
Curzon.
Penn (St. Bartholomew)
PENN (St. Bartholomew), a parish, in the union,
and N. division of the hundred, of Seisdon, S. division
of the county of Stafford; containing 942 inhabitants,
of whom 716 are in the liberty of Upper Penn, and 226
in Lower Penn, the former situated 2 miles (S. W. by S.)
from Wolverhampton. The parish comprises 3985a. 2r.
13p., of which 1900 acres are in Lower Penn: the substratum belongs to the new red-sandstone formation;
the land is mostly arable, the soil generally good, and
the scenery very beautiful. Among the gentlemen's
seats are, Penn Hall; The Lloyd, the residence of the
Rev. W. Dalton, A.M., with a fine park; the seat of
Wm. Thacker, Esq., with 80 acres of land attached;
and the villa of Thomas Moss Philips, Esq. The Wolverhampton canal skirts the west end of the parish, and
the village is seated on the road between Wolverhampton and Himley. Locks, keys, coffee-mills, nails, &c.,
are made for the warehouses in Wolverhampton. A
manorial court is held by the Duke of Sutherland's
agent, to decide upon encroachments on Penn-Wood
common. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in
the king's books at £4. 5. 10., and in the gift of the
Bishop of Lichfield: the tithes have been commuted for
£895, of which £170 are payable to the vicar, and
£37. 10. to the Duke of Cleveland; there are 53 acres
of vicarial glebe. The church, a brick building with a
square tower, was enlarged (a second time) in 1844, by
the erection of an aisle, and has also been repewed and
beautified. The Rev. Charles Wynn in 1699 gave a
messuage, with a rent-charge of £6, in support of a free
school, in aid of which Dr. Sedgewick in 1747 gave an
annuity of £10; the income is now nearly £105, and
the school is open to all the parish. An almshouse was
founded in 1761, by Ann Sedgewick, for five aged
women; it is endowed with £25 per annum.
Pennard, East (All Saints)
PENNARD, EAST (All Saints), a parish, in the
union of Shepton-Mallet, hundred of Whitestone,
E. division of Somerset, 5¾ miles (S. S. W.) from Shepton-Mallet; containing 657 inhabitants. The living is
a discharged vicarage, with the living of West Bradley
annexed, valued in the king's books at £7. 4. 9½.; net
income, £190; patron and appropriator, the Bishop of
Bath and Wells. The Roman Fosse-way bounds the
parish on the south-east.
Pennard, West (St. Nicholas)
PENNARD, WEST (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the
union of Wells, hundred of Glaston-Twelve-Hides,
E. division of Somerset, 3½ miles (E. by S.) from Glastonbury; containing 819 inhabitants. The living is a
perpetual curacy; net income, £102; patron and appropriator, the Bishop of Bath and Wells, whose tithes have
been commuted for £310, and who has an acre of glebe.
There is a place of worship for Wesleyans; and a school
is endowed with £10 per annum.
Pennington (St. Michael)
PENNINGTON (St. Michael), a parish, in the
union of Ulverston, hundred of Lonsdale north of
the Sands, N. division of Lancashire, 1½ mile (W. S. W.)
from Ulverston; containing 388 inhabitants. This place,
which in Domesday book is styled "Pennigetun," belonged to a local family, one of whom, Gamel de Pennington, was a very considerable person at the time of
the Conquest. From him descended Sir John Pennington, who commanded the left wing of the army in an
expedition into Scotland under the Earl of Northumberland; Sir John was much attached to Henry VI., and
gave him a secret asylum at Muncaster (the family seat
in Cumberland), for some time, in his flight from his
enemies. The grandson of this knight distinguished
himself at the battle of Flodden; and was ancestor of
William Pennington, who was created a baronet in June
1676: the fifth baronet of the family was elevated to the
peerage in 1783, by the title of Baron Muncaster. This
is one of the smallest parishes in the county, and contains fewer streams than any parish in North Lonsdale;
the waters are small rills, and for the most part nameless. The area is 1632a. 2r., of ancient inclosure, and
1122 acres of common inclosed by an act obtained in
1821: most of the cultivated land is arable; about onefourth only consists of pasture. Iron-ore and blue slate
abound. The living is a vicarage, in the patronage of
the Crown in right of the duchy of Lancaster; net income, £150; impropriator, the Arabic Professor in the
university of Oxford. The church is an edifice of modern style, devoid of ornament, erected by subscription
in 1826, at a cost of about £550, of which George IV.
contributed £50, and the Incorporated Society £100.
Pennington
PENNINGTON, a township, in the parish and union
of Leigh, hundred of West Derby, S. division of
Lancashire; containing 3833 inhabitants. This place
gave name to a family who were probably under the
barons of Warrington, the original lords of the manor;
the property subsequently came into the possession of
the Bradshaws, of Aspull. Richard Bradshaw, living in
1683, left issue John Bradshaw, whose daughter and sole
heiress, Margaret, married into the Faryngton family, by
whom the manorial rights were sold to the Athertons:
Lord Lilford is the present lord. The township includes
part of the market-town of Leigh (which see), and comprises 1395 acres, whereof 300 are arable, 1085 meadowland, and 10 wood. The surface is level, the soil generally fertile, and the scenery tolerably pleasing: a brook,
and a rich belt of alluvial soil, run through the middle
of the township. The road from Leigh to Newton-inMakerfield passes through; and facility of communication is also afforded by the Leigh and Kenyon railway,
and the Duke of Bridgewater's canal. The population
is chiefly employed in the hand-loom weaving of silk.
Pennington Hall is the residence of James Pownall, Esq.;
and Fairfield, that of William Hayes, Esq. There are
places of worship for Independents, and Primitive and
other Methodists.
Pennington
PENNINGTON, an ecclesiastical district, in the
parish of Milford, union of Lymington, hundred of
Ringwood, Lymington and S. divisions of the county
of Southampton; containing 731 inhabitants. The
church, dedicated to St. Mark, was erected by subscription in 1839; it contains 330 sittings, 160 of which are
free. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the
Vicar, with a net income of £100.