BARTON-LE-STREET
Bertona, Barton in Holdelelith (fn. 1) (xiii cent.); Burton
(xvi cent.).
The parish lies on the southern slope of the
fertile valley of Ryedale. It comprises 3,540 acres,
1,818 being arable land, 412 woods and plantations
and the rest laid down to permanent grass. (fn. 2) The
chief crops raised are wheat, oats, barley, turnips
and clover. Alluvium, Inferior Oolite and Corallian
beds occur, and there is a strip of Oxford clay. The
land rises from 100 ft. by the Rye in the north to
300 ft. on Barton Heights south of Barton village.
Gravel and limestone have been quarried on the
higher levels, but many of the pits are disused.
Barton Heights are crowned by Coneysthorpe Banks
Wood, which is bounded on the north by entrenchments. The village of Barton-le-Street lies down a
short lane to the north of 'The Street,' running from
Malton to Hovingham, and is grouped round two
greens, known as the lower and upper greens respectively. The church stands to the south of the
lower green; near it is the public elementary school,
erected in 1851. On the west side of the upper
green stands a farm-house, now known as the Manor
House, a building of the latter half of the 17th
century, much repaired, though the original staircase with flat balusters still survives. In the yard to
the rear is a stone dovecote, with a stepped pyramidal
stone roof. In a field to the north-west foundations
of considerable extent have been found, and the
whole ground is much disturbed. This was probably
the site of the former manor-house. A hall existed
here in the 12th century, (fn. 3) and in 1271–2 mention is
made of the capital messuage with its garden and
dovecote, (fn. 4) while in 1278–9 an epileptic died in a
certain little tower here. (fn. 5) The rectory, which was
built in 1785 and has been enlarged by the present
rector, is situated to the north of the upper green,
where stands a tree known as 'Mary.' This and
'William,' a companion tree, not now existing, were
said to have been planted to commemorate the
accession of William III and Queen Mary.
The village was devastated in the 14th century first
by the Scots and afterwards by the Black Death, from
which nearly all the tenants died. (fn. 6) In 1381 the
manor of Coneysthorpe was visited by plague. (fn. 7)
Norbyes, Levynclose and Ship pasture were fieldnames in Barton in 1580. (fn. 8)
North-east from Barton over Barton Moor are the
few cottages on the bank of the Rye that compose
Butterwick, (fn. 9) where there have been occasional finds of
Roman pottery. (fn. 10) South of Barton is Coneysthorpe,
one of the model villages on the Castle Howard
estate; it is built round a green and almost encroaches
on the park (fn. 11) ; its inhabitants are mostly employed
on the Castle Howard estate. Wesleyan Methodist
services are held in the schoolroom.
Manors
BARTON-LE-STREET belonged to
Waltheof before the Conquest and was
among the lands that the Conqueror
gave to his half-brother Robert Count of Mortain, (fn. 12)
son of his mother Herleva by her husband Herlwine
de Conteville. He conspired in 1088 to depose
William Rufus, and his estates were forfeited.
Robert is said to have died in 1090. Most of his
lands were restored to his only son William second
Earl of Cornwall; but William also took the part
of Duke Robert later, and, made prisoner at Tenchebrai, languished in the Tower of London for the rest
of his life. It was probably at this time that, his
estates being finally escheated, his chief tenants
became tenants in chief. (fn. 13)
Richard de Surdeval held Barton and fifty-four
other manors in Yorkshire of the Count of Mortain
in 1086. Like the manors of Hooton and Bilham,
Thurnscoe with its soke, and the five manors near
Leeds, (fn. 14) Barton in the next reign was in the possession of Ralph Paynel, (fn. 15) a tenant in chief in Yorkshire at the time of the Domesday Survey and
refounder of the house of the Holy Trinity, York.
Ralph's grants to the priory were made with the assent
of Maud his wife, and Mr. Thomas Stapleton, who
collected all the early facts known about the Paynels, (fn. 16)
suggests that a part of this land 'had descended to
her from Richard de Surdeval.' (fn. 17) The younger sons
of Ralph Paynel, probably by Maud, (fn. 18) alone seem to
have had any connexion with the Surdeval lands.
Alexander son of Ralph confirmed the gifts of his
brother Jordan to the priory and died before the
close of the reign of Stephen, leaving sons William
and Jordan. (fn. 19) William was in possession in 1166–7, (fn. 20)
but before 1177 Barton by the king's orders had
been delivered to Fulk Paynel. (fn. 21) In 1205 the
king commanded the sheriff to seize the land in
Barton that belonged to Gertrude and her nephew
(nepos), who were beyond the seas with the king's
enemies, and to give the custody to Geoffrey
Luttrell (fn. 22) ; and in 1231 the manor was said to have
lately belonged to Gertrude Paynel. (fn. 23) Gertrude
may have been daughter of Fulk Paynel and aunt of
the Fulk who stayed in Normandy. (fn. 24) Geoffrey
Luttrell had married Frethesent, one of the daughters
and heirs of the William Paynel lord of Barton in
1166–7, the other daughter Isabel being married to
William Bastard. (fn. 25) Geoffrey Luttrell held one
knight's fee in Barton in 1210–12, (fn. 26) but was dead
in 1217, when seisin of Barton was given to his
widow Frethesent and to Eustace de Greinville, the
king's steward and guardian of the land and heir of
William Bastard. (fn. 27) Eustace held Barton in 1220, (fn. 28)
but in 1226 the king granted the manor during
pleasure to Philip Marc (fn. 29) (who in 1217–18 had
permission to marry his daughter to the son and heir
of Geoffrey Luttrell). (fn. 30) In 1241 Roger de Thriberg
and Frethesent his wife and her heirs quitclaimed to
Andrew Luttrell, son and heir of Geoffrey, (fn. 31) all their
right in half the manor of Hooton Pagnell and in
the inheritance of William Paynel, (fn. 32) and Robert
Luttrell in 1282 laid unsuccessful claim to the manor
of Barton. (fn. 33)
Paynel. Argent a bend sable.
Luttrell. Or a bend between six martlets sable.
In 1229 the king granted
the land once held by Philip
Marc at Barton during pleasure to Richard de Grey, (fn. 34)
of the family of Codnor in
Derbyshire, (fn. 35) and in 1231
the manor was granted to
Richard de Grey and his
heirs 'until the king restore
it to the right heirs by peace
or of his free will' (fn. 36) ; such
restoration was never made.
Grey of Barton. Barry argent and azure a bend gobony or and gules.
Ingram, Viscount Irvine. Ermine a fesse gules with three scallops or thereon.
In 1239 Richard and his
heirs obtained a grant of free
warren here (fn. 37) and in 1245–6 licence for a market
on Wednesdays and a fair on the vigil, feast and
morrow of St. Laurence. (fn. 38) John son of Richard (fn. 39)
died seised in or about 1271–2, leaving a son and
heir Henry, a minor, (fn. 40) who was, however, of age in
1278–9. (fn. 41) In 1305 Henry had licence to enfeoff
of the manor (fn. 42) his younger son Nicholas, ancestor (fn. 43)
of the Greys of Barton. In 1321 Nicholas had
leave to settle the manor on himself and Agnes his
wife. (fn. 44) By 1327 Agnes was a widow and married
again to Sir William de Wistow, kt., with whom in
1333 she leased the manor to William Ayermin,
Bishop of Norwich. (fn. 45) Edmund son and heir of
Nicholas (fn. 46) married Joan daughter of Roger Dayvill, (fn. 47)
and obtained livery in 1336 on the death of
William Ayermin. (fn. 48) Twenty years later his son
Edmund (fn. 49) received licence to acquire this manor, (fn. 50)
and was still seised in 1402–3. (fn. 51) His son Thomas (fn. 52)
held Barton (fn. 53) in 1429 and died in 1444, leaving a
son and heir Ralph, (fn. 54) who died in 1478 and was
succeeded by his son Henry. (fn. 55) Henry died in 1507,
leaving a son and heir Ralph, (fn. 56) who died at Barton
in 1552, leaving a son and heir Thomas, aged
thirteen. (fn. 57) Thomas owed before his thirtieth year
£400 to Moises Fockynge, goldsmith of London, and
for this debt an order was made for his arrest in
1592. (fn. 58) In 1598 this manor, in the queen's hands
for the payment of his debts, was provisionally leased
for twenty-one years to Sir Richard Martin, (fn. 59) queen's
goldsmith and Master of the Mint (fn. 60) ; in 1600–1
Hugh Frankland claimed the manor and rectory
under a lease from Thomas Grey, who, with his
sons, disturbed Sir Richard Martin in possession (fn. 61) ;
but in 1600 one of these sons, George, (fn. 62) had conveyed the manor and advowson to John Darcy and
Thomas Audley. (fn. 63) Although
Sir Richard Martin was still
alive, (fn. 64) Thomas Darcy alias
Southwell, reputed illegitimate
son of Sir Richard Southwell,
late of Woodrising, co. Norfolk, died seised (without heir)
in 1610, when this property
escheated. In the following
year it was in the occupation of
Sir John Bourchier. (fn. 65) A grant
of the advowson and manor
was made to Thomas Earl of
Suffolk in 1615 (fn. 66) ; but they soon passed to Sir Arthur
Ingram, son of Hugh Ingram, a London merchant. (fn. 67) Sir
Arthur purchased many Yorkshire manors, including
Temple Newsam, (fn. 68) still the chief seat of his descendants,
and in 1639 made a settlement of the manor and advowson of Barton-le-Street. (fn. 69) His son Arthur was
Sheriff of Yorkshire, and his grandson Henry for
his loyalty to Charles I in the Civil War was in
1666 raised to the peerage of Scotland as Viscount
Irvine. On the death of Charles, the ninth viscount,
in 1778 the Ingram estates were divided among
daughters and co-heirs, of whom Elizabeth married
Hugh Meynell of Hoar Cross, Staffordshire; her
son Hugh Charles Meynell assumed in 1841 the
additional surname of Ingram. (fn. 70) Hugh, his son,
died without issue in 1871, and his widow entered
into his estates, including Barton-le-Street, and died in
1904. By her will she left the whole of the Ingram
estates in Yorkshire to her nephew the Hon. E. F. L.
Wood of Temple Newsam, who is the present owner
of Barton. (fn. 71)
In 1278–9 it was said that the bailiff of Barton
did not permit the royal bailiff to enter the vill to
distrain. (fn. 72)
BUTTERWICK (Butruic, xi cent.; Buterwic,
xii cent.; Boterwik, xiv cent.) was in 1086 a
berewick of Hovingham Manor (fn. 73) (q.v.), of which it
continued to be held. (fn. 74)
Under the Mowbrays the Dayvills (de Daivill)
were enfeoffed. In 1208 William de Barton claimed
in right of Alice his wife against John Dayvill
2 carucates of land here, of which Alice's father's
sister Gundreda was seised in demesne in the time of
Henry II. John's reply was that Alice's brother
Richard de Rivers had a greater right than she.
Richard de Rivers in turn claimed the land because
his grandfather gave it to Gundreda in marriage, and,
as she died without issue, it ought to descend to him.
William denied that it was given her in marriage, and
the jury decided in favour of John. (fn. 75) John Dayvill's
great-grandson (fn. 76) John was mesne lord of 1 carucate
in 1284–5, (fn. 77) but this mesne lordship is not again
mentioned. In 1489 lands worth £20 yearly in
Butterwick were held of the Abbot of Meaux. (fn. 78)
In 1284–5 Nicholas de Wake was the chief undertenant, holding 1 carucate. (fn. 79) By 1301 he had been
succeeded by Robert le Constable (fn. 80) and in 1316 by
William le Constable. (fn. 81) The latter must have been
the William le Constable who then held Flamborough. (fn. 82) In 1489 Sir Robert Constable of Flamborough died seised of a messuage and lands here.
His son and heir Marmaduke (fn. 83) fought, 'nothing
heeding his age,' at Flodden and died in 1518. (fn. 84)
His eldest son Sir Robert was one of the leaders in
the Pilgrimage of Grace (fn. 85) and he was hanged and his
lands escheated. (fn. 86) His grandson Robert Constable,
who recovered Flamborough, (fn. 87) also recovered Butterwick, but conveyed it to Queen Elizabeth. (fn. 88) The
queen in 1568 had conveyed the capital messuage to
Thomas North for twenty-one years; in 1580–1
she leased it to William North and in 1594 to John
Bull. (fn. 89) The manor was granted
in 1610 to Robert Angell and
John Walker in fee simple, (fn. 90)
and in 1611–12 the king
granted the water-mill, parcel
of the manor, to Edward
Ferrers and Francis Philips in
fee. (fn. 91) Sir Arthur Ingram,
Sheriff of Yorkshire, married
Alice daughter of one Ferrers,
a citizen of London, (fn. 92) and this
seems to have been his title
to the lordship of Butterwick,
which he held at his death in
1655. (fn. 93) By 1676 the manor
had passed to Sir Marmaduke
Dalton, kt., (fn. 94) from whom it
had descended (fn. 95) by 1722 to Mary Dowager Viscountess Preston. (fn. 96) In 1747 it belonged to Charles
Allanson, (fn. 97) whose son dealt with it in 1805. (fn. 98) This
estate then passed to the Winns of South Ferriby,
Lincolnshire. Charles Allanson was son and heir of
William Allanson, whose sister Elizabeth was maternal
grandmother of George Winn, created Lord Headley
and Lord Allanson and Winn of Aghadoe in 1797.
The first baron died in 1798, leaving a son and heir
Charles, who died childless in 1840 and was succeeded by Charles, his nephew. Charles, the third
baron, died in 1877, leaving a son and heir Charles
Mark Allanson-Winn, fourth baron, who sold the
estates to his tenants, the present holders, and died
in 1913. (fn. 99)
Constable of Flamborough and Butterwick. Or a fesse gobony argent and sable with a lion passant gules in the chief.
Allanson. Paly wavy or and azure a chief gules with a leopard or therein.
Winn. Ermine a fesse vert with three eagles or thereon.
Before the Conquest CONEYSTHORPE (Coningestorp, Counsetorp, xi cent.; Cuningestorp, xii cent.;
Cuningesthorp, xi–xvii cent.; Coningesthorpe, xiii–
xvii cent.; Conysthorpe, xiii cent. onwards; Conyncrosthorp, xvi cent.) was held by Torchil; it was
among the lands of the Count of Mortain in 1086. (fn. 100)
Probably as a possession of Richard Surdeval, the
overlordship descended with Barton (fn. 101) (q.v.).
Jordan son of Ralph Paynel gave the vill to the
priory of the Holy Trinity, York, and his grant was
confirmed by Henry I. (fn. 102) The priory, which claimed
free warren here in 1294 by a charter of 1255–6, (fn. 103)
held this manor until the Dissolution, after which, in
1538, it was granted in fee to Sir Arthur Darcy. (fn. 104)
In 1538–9 Sir Arthur conveyed it to John Thorpe. (fn. 105)
John died in 1547, leaving a son and heir Anthony, (fn. 106)
whose son Peter (fn. 107) in 1583 conveyed the manor to
William Strickland, (fn. 108) founder of the house of Strickland
of Boynton. (fn. 109) William died seised in 1603 and was
succeeded by his son and heir Walter, (fn. 110) who died
seised in 1635–6, leaving a son and heir Sir William. (fn. 111)
Since the middle of the 19th century at least this
manor has belonged to the owners of Castle Howard.
Church
The church of ST. MICHAEL consists of a chancel, south vestry and organ
chamber, nave and north porch. The
church was entirely rebuilt in the year 1871 in the
'Norman' style, but portions of the chancel arch,
the north doorway (the south doorway of the original
church) and the outer doorway of the north porch
(formerly the north doorway) have been reset in the
new walls. The corbel tables on the interior of the
north and south walls of the chancel and on the
interior of the east and west walls of the north porch,
together with several portions of carved stone stringcourses reset in various parts of the building, complete
the list of what has survived from the original building, which seems to have been a remarkably rich
example of mid-12th-century work, the sculptured
stones preserved in the present building being of a very
unusual character. (fn. 112) The present building is designed
in harmony with the original work incorporated in the
structure. The corbel tables on the north and south
walls of the chancel, immediately below the roof,
consist of thirty-one small arches in all, springing
from thirty-two carved corbels. The spandrels and
soffits of the arches are richly carved with foliage and
grotesque heads. The capitals of the responds of the
arch in the south wall opening into the vestry are
also of original date. The chancel arch is of two
semicircular orders with roll-moulded angles and
shafted jambs. The outer order is beak-moulded,
and a few stones appear to be of original date. The
abaci of the jamb shafts also appear to be original.
The capitals of the double shafts from which the
inner order springs are original on both north and
south sides and are carved with grotesques. The
capitals of the jambs of the outer order are also
original on the nave side. The billet-moulded label is
modern. The north doorway of the nave is of two
roll-moulded orders, the outer order having shafted
jambs. The inner order is original and is sculptured
with a continuous scroll of foliage. The jambs, portions of which are also original, have roll-moulded
angles and are sculptured with grotesques. The abacus
from which this and the outer order spring appears to
be modern. The voussoirs of the outer order are carved
with masks and foliage. This doorway, as stated
above, was in the south wall of the former church, but
the jamb shafts with their cushion capitals are modern.
On the external face of the nave wall, over the north
doorway, eleven sculptured slabs of pre-Conquest date
have been built into the facing. Two of these were
originally built into the east wall of the nave of the
old church on each side of the chancel arch. The
remainder were found built face inwards in the north
and south walls of the nave. Two, now separated,
represent the Adoration of the Magi. On one is
the Virgin in a bed with the Holy Child. Two
bearded angels swing censers; on the other are the
three kings, bearing gifts, followed by two figures
wearing pointed hoods. The remaining stones appear
to be portions of figures of the months. Three of
these are perfect, each figure being composed of two
stones. Behind two of the figures are two pelleted
circles by way of border. One carries a scythe over
his shoulder, another a flower, or perhaps a bunch of
grapes, in his right hand, while the third carries a
sheaf of corn. This figure has no lower circle. The
upper halves of two other corresponding figures, and
a smaller complete figure holding a sword in his right
hand, within a vesica-shaped border, complete the
pre-Conquest remains. Three other sculptured stones,
set immediately above these, appear to be contemporary with the rest of the Norman work. A stringcourse, partly original, carved with running foliage,
runs below the sills of the nave windows. In the
east and west walls of the south porch have been
reset eight corbels, with arched table. This corbel
table is of the same type as those of the chancel
above described, but three of the arches are modern.
The outer doorway of the porch is of two cheveronmoulded orders, the outer order having shafted jambs,
and a hood mould sculptured with grotesque figure
subjects. The jamb shafts, with their capitals and
bases, are modern. The voussoirs are mainly original.
The jambs of the inner order are also shafted, but the
shafts are surrounded at close intervals by square blocks
after the fashion of rustication. These are also
sculptured with grotesque figure subjects, partly
modern, five only of the stones being original. On
one of the stones of the hood mould is carved
St. Michael and the Dragon, in reference to the
dedication of the church. On the upper stone of
the west jamb of the inner order is sculptured the Agnus
Dei, with three crosses on the nimbus, and two
angels with hands uplifted. The porch, with the
exception of the parts above described, is modern.
The roofs are of timber and covered externally
with slates. The bells are hung in an inaccessible
bellcote.
The plate, which is silver, consists of a cup with
cover and a modern chalice and paten.
The cup bears the inscription: 'This plate exchanged in ye yeare 86 John Baine, Mark North,
W Gotre, Churchwardens.' The cover is plain, but
both cup and cover have the mark of Mark Gill of
York, 1680.
The registers begin in 1680. There are earlier
transcripts from the York Diocesan Registry.
Advowson
The church of Barton is mentioned
in the Domesday Survey. (fn. 113) Ralph
Paynel gave it to the priory of the
Holy Trinity, York. (fn. 114) Jordan his son and Ralph son
of Jordan confirmed the grant and their grants were
confirmed by Henry II and again by Edward IV. (fn. 115)
In 1220 Eustace de Greinville claimed it by royal
grant as escheat from Fulk Paynel, who, he maintained, had presented the last parson, Hascuil (Ascuil)
Paynel. The prior showed the charters of Ralph
Paynel the founder, Alexander his son and heir,
William son of Alexander and Frethesent daughter of
William. He contended that Fulk during the war
between England and Scotland came to Barton Church
and found there a prior, his predecessor, and monks
with him, broke the church doors, ejected them and
put in Hascuil by force; that Hascuil remained, but
was never admitted or presented, and that the prior
presented William, precentor of the church of York.
The question was respited. (fn. 116) Subsequently Richard
Grey, grantee of the manor, presented, and in a
further lawsuit the Greys were successful. (fn. 117) Henceforward the advowson descended with the manor of
Barton, (fn. 118) though in 1620 various persons, evidently
lessees, including Sir John Bourchier and the king
were patrons. (fn. 119) The living is a rectory in the gift
of the Hon. E. F. L. Wood. Mission chapels were
erected at Coneysthorpe and Butterwick in 1835
and 1858 respectively. In 1547 a lamp in the
church was maintained from an acre of land in
Butterwick. (fn. 120)
There are no endowed charities in this parish.