Calais Papers: February 1547

Calendar of State Papers Foreign: Edward VI 1547-1553. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1861.

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'Calais Papers: February 1547', in Calendar of State Papers Foreign: Edward VI 1547-1553, (London, 1861) pp. 292-311. British History Online https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/foreign/edw-vi/pp292-311 [accessed 21 April 2024]

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February 1547

Feb. 3.
Boulogne.
3. Lord Grey to same. Andrea de Reynes, an Albanian captain, who served formerly under him at Guisnes, has, since being discharged, remained in Flanders, not being allowed to return to his own country. Now hearing a rumour that the French intend to war with England, he has refused a continual stipend from the Regent, and offered to serve his Majesty, being able to raise, if need be, two horsemen of his own notion. Volland van der Ley, who also served under him at Guisnes, and is now at Frankfort, has likewise refused a life-entertainment from the Emperor, and sent a German to offer his services to his Majesty. He can raise either 1,000 or 2,000 foot, whichever of these numbers may be wished. Desires to know his Majesty's pleasure herein. [One page.]
Feb. 3.
Old Man.
4. Sir Thomas Palmer to Sir William Paget. Requests Paget will have in remembrance his exchange which the King promised him at Mr. Howard's. It shall be no loss to his Majesty and a great commodity to him: if obtained, will trouble his Majesty with no more suits. May believe that there is some, and that makes him thus earnest. Desires to be commended to Lady Paget. [One page.]
Feb. 4.
Guisnes.
5. Sir John Wallop to same. Since his letters of the 29th ult. has again sent into the borders of Picardy and Artois, but cannot perceive any assembly of French troops more than is ordinary between this and Paris. Has learnt from Flanders that strict command is given that all the imperial borders of Artois shall within nine days thrash out their corn and bring their store into St. Omer and other like places. Also order has just been made that all strangers in the towns shall be reported after the manner used in Calais, and men are being severally enrolled for the better strengthening of the garrisons. The same bruit continues in regard to the Swiss, who appear by the Grand Master's letter to be in readiness, and that the French King should say they were made for the aid of the Queen of Scots or for Boulogne, and nothing meant against the Emperor. The Burgundians say he assembles them for fear of the Emperor revenging his practices at Genoa and Milan; which doubts the other will most appear hereafter. This opinion of the Burgundians shows that the French King means nothing but well to his Majesty; but should these sudden storms of war, which now be calmed here, rise again, he shall with all celerity give notice of them. Requests he will obtain a letter from the Council to Dr. Wotton, to complain to the French King or the Admiral of Messrs. Blerencourt, Vassé, and Dampone, who detain from him 500 crowns for prisoners, and for which they are bound both by promise on honour and letters obligatory. Blerencourt's debt has been due for nearly two years and the others for one. They daily make fair promises, as does Marshal du Biez, to whom he has complained, but with no result. The bearer, Guisnes [Henry Fellows, pursuivant extraordinary], carries with him the vouchers. Notwithstanding the appearance of calm, deems it necessary that labourers, masons, and carpenters, should be sent over to repair the castle and outworks, especially the ditches. Has several times mentioned this to the surveyor, who says he will shortly go to England and name it to his Majesty and the Council; yet in the meantime requests him to write for the carpenters and masons, as none can be spared from Calais, which the Lord Deputy affirms. The water of the outer ditches before Purton's bulwark is so much fallen, and a shelp or hard sand grown so nigh to the front of the said bulwark, that a man may stand upon it and in a manner look into the loops. This he would now stop if he could get any masons, although the water were deep enough, and will keep none open but the flankers. [Three pages.]
Feb. 4.
Boulogne.
6. Lord Grey and Council at Boulogne to the Council. Upon the credit of Sirs John Bridges, Leonard Beckwith and Thomas Palmer, have surveyed all the defences, and although a report of their state, and the store of victuals and stowage, has been recently sent to Paget, they make a special one in reference to each piece, as will appear by the inclosed schedules (missing). They find in the upper and lower town, the remainder of the little victuals that they have for the whole pieces: at Boulogneberg, no stowage either for powder and munition, or for victuals. Wherefore they have caused one vault with a house over it to be put in hand already, and mean with all possible diligence to have up another; and having lack of labourers for doing this, and for repairing the ramparts, vamures, ditches, and bulwarks there, they have withdrawn from the Old Man some part of the labourers, and as soon as the houses shall be ready, they shall store them with powder and munition, wine-sacks, biscuit, herrings, and other necessaries, sufficient for two months at least, if they shall have it so to do. The Old Man is equally deficient in stowage, but as speedily as they can it shall be remedied in like manner for the same space of time. But as for these and the other requirements they have so few labourers, they wish that more may be sent, because the pieces being imperfect, the weakness of one may peril another. The Young Man remains in his old state, and nothing done thereto. Repeat the suggestions of Lord Grey, in his letter of 29th ult., as to the better and more economical provisioning of the forts. The artillery and munition last sent not having yet arrived, they do not report upon the supply of the pieces, but on their being received they shall distribute them, and inform their Lordships what else shall be needed. Meanwhile their chief lack is money, victuals, and labourers. They have perused New Haven and Blackness, and found both imperfect; at the latter is stowage for four months, but no kind of victuals, and the latter lacks both stowage and victuals. Signed by Lord Grey, John Bridges, Edward Dymock, Leonard Beckwith, Richard Windebank, Henry Palmer, Thomas Palmer, James Croft, Nicholas Arnold, Adrian Poynings, and Edward Dudley. [Four pages.]
Feb. 4.
Newhaven.
7. William Lord Stourton, Sir Richard Cavendish, and Adrian Stockes (Council at Newhaven), to the same. Sir Richard Cavendish has made a survey of Newhaven, and the wants requiring to be supplied are contained in the enclosed schedules (missing). There is sufficient stowage of victuals for one month for the men here at present; but in case of war, they would require a thousand more, and victuals accordingly, with places therein for the same. Request that with expedition shall be appointed such as shall effectually in this need see the accomplishment of the same; and in the meantime, as the fort is very imperfect, that 700 labourers shall be sent. Farther, in consideration of their long lack of payment (to the no little misery of the poor soldiers serving here) beseech that they may now have one entire pay, whereby they may be the better able to serve, and the like distress be avoided in time coming. [Four pages.]
Feb. 4.
Blackness.
8. Lord Stourton, and Council at Newhaven, to the Council. Send returns of the ordnance and munitions here (missing). In case of war will require 500 more soldiers. Request that 400 labourers may be sent forthwith, and payment according during their work from time to time, the lack of which has much letted in that behalf the speedy furtherance heretofore. Should his Majesty's intention continue concerning the mole, without which this piece will be more chargeable than necessary, through default of carriage, the estimate in the schedule applicable thereto will require to be altered. In consideration of the men having been unpaid, Lord Stourton has been obliged to provide all kind of apparel for them, and is personally bound for the payment; request therefore they may now have an entire pay. There is stowage of provision sufficient for four months for the present number here; hope soon to have more ample space for the same purpose. Have made such delivery of wood to the brewers and other victuallers, that they are almost clear without, and if they have not speedy redress therein, they shall soon be utterly destitute. If the King's affairs here are to be speedily accomplished, remembering, through want of a haven, the charge of land carriage, their Lordships must advance money for the provision of horses, mares, and waggons of his Majesty's own, whereby his cost will be minished. In meantime, request they will write to Lord Cobham, that his Majesty may be served with waggons out of the Low Country here, for want of which his affairs are not a little hindered. Albeit, for every load from Hambeltue [Ambleteuse] hither, the waggoners receive three shillings and four pence, yet where by Lord Cobham's mandatum they should many times receive ten, instead thereof, they can have but five for his Majesty's use. They are in greater misery here than any others on this side of the sea; for while others pay only four shillings for a barrel of [ale ?], they pay for the most part six shillings and four pence; and for bread often thirty shillings the quarter, others paying but eighteen; and as much for the carriage of wood by land as it is worth in value. The poor soldiers are now thoroughly unprovided of harness. With an entire pay will take such order that every man will be able to furnish himself: urge an advance of this. [Three pages.]
Feb. 5.
Calais.
9. George Lord Cobham to the Earl of Hertford, Lord Great Chamberlain of England. The French and the Emperor levy men in divers places, and M. de Vendeville, captain of Gravelines, also levies 500 men, which seems most strange, having heard that he has not done the like in any time of war. In consideration of the heavy and grievous news of the King's death, which causes them to have dolorous hearts, requests to know his Lordship's pleasure what order they shall take to express and show outwardly the mourning which in their hearts they have already conceived; that is to say, whether they shall wear mourning apparel or not. [One page.]
Feb. 6.
Tower of London.
10. The Lord Protector and Council to Lord Stourton and the Council at Newhaven. Orders have been given to the Treasurer of Boulogne for payment of the garrisons of Newhaven and Blackness for four months, "or at the least as far forth as 2,500l. will stretch." This sum has been sent to the Treasurer, who will pay Lord Stourton and others specially named in the schedule such diets and wages as are therein mentioned. The pay of 6d. per diem to all the other soldiers shall be delivered to Lord Stourton and Sir Richard Cavendish, to be by them distributed to the said soldiers; proper books being kept by them of the numbers of the men, and of the days of their entry into wages, which, duly signed and delivered to the Treasurer, shall be his sufficient discharge. Are also to cause monthly musters be made at Newhaven and Blackness on such days and times as musters are made at Boulogne, of every which muster the Clerk Comptroller shall make a book to be signed by Lord Stourton and two others of the Council there, which shall be sufficient discharge to the said Treasurer of Boulogne, by whom all extraordinary charges for the King's service shall be paid by warrant directed to him from Lord Stourton and other two of the Council. [Minute. One page and a half.]
Feb. 7. 11. Same to the Customers of all the ports, Desire them to publish a proclamation permitting the free exportations of grain and victuals to Calais, Boulogne, or Newhaven, taking from the exporters sufficient bond with sureties to the double value of their lading, and receiving certificates under the hands of the deputy at each place that such exports have been properly unladen and bestowed there and not elsewhere. Warn them under pain of exemplary punishment, to beware of sufferance and light handling, whereby the revenue has been defrauded. [Minute. One page.]
Feb. 5.
Calais.
12. Lord Cobham and Council at Calais to the Council. Yesterday afternoon the Emperor's post arriving out of England, declared to them the death of the King their late master, "which were to us all the most dolorous and lamentable news that ever we received; for there were never any gentlemen that did lose so loving a master, nor never subjects that did lose so precious a sovereign lord, nor so prudent a governor." Desire to know whether they are to retain their respective offices. Meanwhile as the last letters from their Lordships announced that in consideration of the powers of the Emperor and the French King being both ready levied and up, they thought meet to send hither a crew of 500 men, they think that this most pitiful chance being joined to these considerations, that number should be increased to at least double. The town is at present very slenderly furnished of all kinds of victuals, malt only excepted. "Some of these which were appointed purveyors for the town, having made their provisions of cheese and butter in Suffolk, and of beeves in Kent, the same have been taken from them by such as have had commission to provide for other places." Therefore request such redress and speedy help for their better furniture of victuals as shall seem most expedient. Signed by Lord Cobham, John Fogge, Edward Braye, E. Wotton, E. Somerset, Francis Hall, and William Sympson. [Two pages.]
Feb. 7. 13. The Lord Protector and Council to the Lord Deputy and Council at Calais. In consequence of their letters complaining of the want of provisions, the Council have opened all the ports to allow of victuals being imported to the forts of Calais, &c., on the conditions mentioned in the preceding minute. They are desired to discharge the duties of their offices until the King's farther pleasure is notified to them, and to supply the pieces at Newhaven and Blackness with carriages for the conveyance of fuel and other materials. [Minute. Draft, partly autograph of Petre. One page.]
Feb. 7.
Calais.
14. Lord Cobham to the Lord Protector. Through his Lordship's mediation had obtained licence from the late King to repair into England, of which at the time he did not avail himself. Now, perceiving that his Lordship may grant him the like licence, requests that he will do so, if but for ten days, not only for the dispatch of certain urgent business, but also for the desire which he has to see the King now his master. [One page.]
Feb. 7.
Calais.
15. Same to Sir William Paget. The Imperialists daily levy men, and yesterday the musters were taken at Gravelines, as he is informed by one of this town who saw them. The Lady Regent has come to Arras, with the intention of visiting the frontiers; on Saturday last the Grand Master went with her from St. Omer. Is informed from Antwerp that the Duke of Saxony has lately prevailed against Duke Maurice. Twelve Scottish ships have lately been freighted at Dieppe with ordnance, shot, and powder for Scotland. Yesterday 60 of the 500 soldiers appointed hither arrived; these he has sent to Guisnes to be under the charge of Mr. Basset, and to help to make up the vamure of the town towards Hampnes, which was left unfinished when Lord Grey left. These soldiers were slenderly set forth, the most of them being unfurnished with weapons, and those who were prest at the greatest distance having received only one shilling apiece to bring them hither, and the others only eightpence. Yesterday, Francisco Bernardo arrived here, slept at Wallop's, and thence to France. Sends herewith intelligence of him of Corbie [a spy]. Begs to know whether he shall write his news as hitherto to Paget, or to the Protector, or the Council. Has written to the Protector a letter to like effect as the present. [One page and a half.] Inclosure,
15. I. On 26 January the King and Council at VillersCote-Retz gave commission to two Swiss Captains of infantry to raise 18,000 foot, and money to go soon after into Italy with 22,000 more French infantry. De Bonnivet is their colonel; De Tez is commander of the Artillery, without relation to the men-at-arms, and light horse, which likewise are to go there about the middle of March. Artillery and all sorts of munitions are in active preparation for Marseilles, Bordeaux, Brittany, Picardy, and other places. All the captains of infantry from every part of the King's dominions have been ordered to the Court, and have instructions to raise infantry, as soon as they shall receive orders, for Picardy and elsewhere. The Seigneur de Belflorier is colonel of the infantry for Picardy. All the captains of the men-at-arms and light horse have been ordered to the Court, and commanded to make musters at the end of this month. 12,000 muids of wheat, and 10,000 puncheons of wine are to be sent to Abbeville, Montreuil, Terouanne, and Ardres, early in April, and part of the money has been paid to the Commissaries. 20,000 muids of wheat are to be sent to Marseilles and its vicinity for supplying the Turk. Last December, at Folenberq [Folembray] the King swore, on the honour of a gentleman, that before the feast of St. John was past he should have again his town of Boulogne, or be King of England, else perish in the attempt. [French. One page and a half.]
Feb. 7.
Newhaven.
16. Lord Stourton to the Council. Yesterday received their letters and proclamation of the King, whereby he is apprised of the decease of his late Majesty. Trusts the son may follow the worthy steps of his most noble and redoubtable father. Will endeavour to discharge the duties entrusted to him to the uttermost of his power. Begs they will consider the want of money and victuals expressed in his last.
P.S.—Has sent for the surveyor of the works frequently, but he has failed in his promise five times, and this day sent to say that he could not tell when he should come, wherefore has taken the labourers from working on a ditch on the base town, and set them about the making of false trenches in the ditches against the mounts, which, in his opinion, and that of most men of war, is as great a strength to the fort as to have 200 men more. Should the surveyor feel himself aggrieved they will please to consider the case as above said. Has also set 100 soldiers to assist in the work, and promised them payment, for which, when time comes, they will please to see him discharged. [Two pages.]
Feb. 7. 17. The Council to the Council at Calais. The bearer, Hugh Smith, has been appointed to have the leading of 100 hagbutters, and the levying of 200 other soldiers, whom he is ordered to convey to Calais for employment where they shall think meet. For these men he has received a fortnight's advance of money for costs, conduct, transportation, and wages, at the rate of 8d. sterling per diem for each hagbutter, and 6d. each for the other soldiers. Desire them to assign to every 100 a captain, a petty captain, and standard-bearer, at the rate of 4s. per diem to each captain, 2s. to the petty captain, and 1s. to the standard-bearer. The like pay is to be given to 200 more men about to be sent. Desire to be informed whether any of the said 200 have arrived, and that they shall deliver to Smith 100 harquebuses at reasonable prices, deducting for such a reasonable proportion monthly from the wages of each man. [One page. Minute.]
Feb. 8.
Guisnes.
18. Sir John Wallop to Sir William Paget. Since sending his servant, John Clerk, with such news as he had learned of Mons. de Rieulx, had written several letters concerning the movements of the French, and that the hasty manner of their assembly was somewhat calmed, although they were in readiness. Yesterday, had written to the Lord Protector of their preparations, and that Francisco Bernardine being here he had sent one of his men with him to Montreuil to see what could be learned. To day he has returned, bringing with him an English merchant from Rouen, who shows that there is no stirring of men betwixt this and that, and that his Majesty's death had been heard of eight or ten days ago. The merchant will inform Paget of any farther communication. Divers who spoke with his man who went to Montreuil made great bragging after their fashion. Last night the Lord Deputy sent here 60 footmen from Kent, right tall men, and wrote that he is to send more soon. Is the more glad of this, because they of Ardres have now enrolled all the men-of-arms they have in this country not yet taken into the town, but suffered to till their lands, and more ploughs sent within these two days. Heard that on Sunday came to Ardres 80 or 100 horsemen armed, but since finds this is not true. [Two pages.]
Feb. 8.
Boulogneberg.
19. Nicholas Arnold to Sir William Paget. Requests his interference in a matter of difference between him and Sir Richard Lee, the particulars of which shall be explained by the bearer. [Half a page.]
Feb. 8.
Bas Boulogne.
20. Adrian Poynings to same. Requests his assistance in arranging his private affairs. A great part of his living standing in hazard is like to be lost, unless Paget puts to it his favourable and helping hand, considering that the person from whom he must receive it is unable by the bondage of the Statute to make other than a life grant. A redress of the Statute will not only be a personal benefit to him and a number of poor men, but be a good assistance of all such grants that his lord shall make hereafter; so that his lord has as much cause to desire the remedy of it as all his tenants and farmers, seeing his commodity is like to be greatest. [One page.]
Feb. 9.
Blackness.
21. Sir Richard Cavendish to the Council. Expresses his great regret for the death of the late King, whom for 34 years he has most faithfully served; so much so that since his first coming to Dover to serve his Majesty there, now seven years ago, he could never have one day to take order for his profit in his poor living. Requests permission to repair to the Court to have his commission renewed by his present Majesty and to confer with their Lordships in reference to his charges. [Two pages.]
Feb. 10.
Boulogne.
22. Lord Grey to the Lord Protector. Has received from his espials in France the following intelligence:—Their galleys are in the Seine. The Germans in the French service have gone to Scotland. The horsemen under M. de Querquie, who were sent with others "to frontier the Imperialists," have not returned. M. de Biez is at Biez. No rumour of wars but at Davresne [Dêvre]. Fourteen Scotch ships are at Dieppe, Rouen, and Hableneuf [Havre de Grace] where they are being laden with ordnance and munition, and will sail for Scotland shortly.
P.S. Since writing the above has received by Sirs Hugh Poulet and John Harington divers letters from the Council, and amongst them one touching the entertainment of Captain Andrea. Desires to have his Lordship's pleasure touching Volland Van der Ley. Almaine. Several Frenchmen have secretly left this territory for Davresne, with all their goods and chattels; this he takes to be a token of war. [One page.]
Feb. 10.
Calais.
23. Lord Cobham to Sir William Paget. To-day an Englishman arrived out of France, who on Monday last, being at Rouen, saw 20 galleys lying ready in the river there, of which it was reported some are to be sent to Scotland; and every garrison town which he passed had artillery recently mounted upon the walls. The preparations by the French do not appear to be so great as rumour makes them to be; for having lately sent a messenger to Sourssone [Soissons ?], where a great number of men of war were reported to be assembled, he is now informed that there are none. Has this day received the proclamation of Richard Brooke, which has remained at Dover four days by reason of contrary weather. Has addressed letter of import similar to this to the Lord Protector, to whom and to Paget he will write severally until he has knowledge of their pleasure in that behalf. [One page.]
Feb. 12.
Guisnes.
24. Sir John Wallop to same. Thanks him for his most gentle and comfortable letter of the 6th inst. and for his having remembered him to the Protector and Council, from whom he has received a letter this day, with answer to the article of carpenters, masons, and labourers that he most desired. Two days ago had written to him by a merchant from Rouen, who mentioned that the vessels being rigged there were reported to be bound for Estaple; but this day has received a letter from Padilla at St. Omer, showing that these are meant for another purpose, as he will see by the said letter inclosed. Padilla is the same person who wrote to him of the marching of 6,000 French, which finding to be untrue, he had in his answer touched him roundly. Padilla in his reply excuses himself by saying that he learned it from the captain of St. Omer. If these news be true they are of importance. Trusts that the soldiers to be sent will be placed under his charge, as all the others were, except when Lord Grey was made General by reason of the hurt of his leg. Begs that Paget will set this forth for his sake. [One page and a half.] Inclosing,
24. I. Letter from Padilla, St. Omer, February 11. Has been informed by a Spaniard, lately prisoner in the French galleys, that naval preparations are going on fast; 23 galleys and one galiot are being rigged out at Rouen, and much artillery is sent down the river from Paris, and the general opinion among the captains of these vessels is that their destination is Scotland. He had also seen about 10,000 pioneers mustered, who are soon to come to fortify the frontiers, such as Estaple and the forts; but it is privately said to build a fort where they had previously commenced one, and which had been objected to by the English. Believes what the man said to be strictly true. As for the marching of the 6,000 men, in regard to which his veracity has been impugned by Wallop, assures him that he heard it from the captain of the town, who said one of his people had seen them, and therefore Padilla considered it a duty to inform him. Offers to serve his Majesty, and to bring with him 20 Spanish soldiers; and if there is no certain intelligence of war begs a place for himself and a cousin, whom he has with him, in the meanwhile. [French. Two pages.]
1546–7. Feb. 13.
Calais.
25. Lord Cobham to the Lord Protector. Yesterday a Frenchman arrived here, and being at host with one Parret mentioned to him his wish to see Cobham to speak for certain secret overture. This morning had sent for him, when he stated in presence of the Treasurer of the town, that his name was St. Ligiers, born at St. Ligiers, in France, had been one of the French King's Guards, and at request of M. de Lorge had accompanied him to Scotland, where by appointment of the Governor and De Lorge he had been made captain of Hume castle, which he kept at the time when the Protector invaded Scotland, and ne recovered, as he says, the castle of Lanton [Langton] and Isbec at same time. But, contrary to promise, having received no reward for his long service, and having spent all his own money, amounting to 300 crowns, he left Scotland last June, arriving at Dieppe, and remaining in his native place till Allhallowmas, when he went to the French Court, trusting to have some reward either from the King or De Lorge. Being unsuccessful, he went shortly before Christmas to Antwerp, intending to offer his services to his Majesty's Ambassador there. But being confined for a month with severe illness, he altered his intention and has come here to make that offer, having, as he says, practised in many wars, as well in Italy, France, Germany, as in Scotland, and knowing all the holds and strengths in Scotland and how to win them, he thinks he can do better service to his Majesty than to any other. He further says, that having with him eight gunners, four of these being cannoniers and the other four harquebusiers, provided that they be not known in Scotland, and talk French, he dares undertake to win Hume castle for his Majesty, and will ask no reward until the enterprise is achieved. The man is of a tall personage, very well spoken, and desirous to serve the King; and will remain here until he knows his Lordship's pleasure. Requests to be informed how they shall order him, with such celerity as shall be thought expedient, as the man is at this present needy of money. [Two pages.]
Feb. 13.
Calais.
26. Same to Sir William Paget. A verbatim copy of the preceding letter to the Protector in reference to St. Ligiers. [Two pages.]
Feb. 13.
Boulogne.
27. Lord Grey to the Lord Protector. Several French fishermen at Rouen and Dieppe, who formerly resided here while occupied by the French, have requested permission to remove with their wives, families, and boats, and exercise their vocation here. Having given them no definite answer, requests to know what he shall say to them. A soldier has come here from the fort to secret entertainment. He is a very good cannonier, and has not only drawn a plat of the fort, showing therein the sort of the watch and its division in quarters to the charge of captains, but also written down the number of the soldiers and the quantity of victuals. Sends them (missing) that his Lordship may perceive they are more privy to their neighbours' estate than careful for the half of their wants. "A Frenchman of late coming hither for killing of a man in his country (as he says), which since seemeth false, having warning by me to depart, suddenly conveyed himself away from the fort taking with him a cape of one Francis de Benyon, French, one of our guides here; who hearing tell that he was at the fort, sent him word he was a thief, and of likelihood a spy also, for that he departed so unhonestly; who answered again by writing yesterday in the morning, that he did lie, and that he would prove it upon his body, offering to come down to the sands on the far side, and to bring with him two swords and two capes, willing him to meet him there at nine of the clock following, to try this quarrel. Which Francis coming to ask me leave, and seeing he could not speak with me, for that indeed I was not well at ease, thinking he should take shame if he should fail his hour, which then drew nigh apace, went thither and there found the said Frenchman, accompanied with five gentlemen of the fort, who had brought with him accordingly two swords and two capes. And either of them choosing his father and having a sword and a cape, being in his hose and doublet, unarmed in any point, joined together, where the said Francis politicly traversed both for the advantage of the ground and sun, not striking vainly but with advantage also, so as at the last he with a feign hit the other about the upper part of the thigh, wherewith he fainted and called for his father, who according to the appointment among themselves made, would not answer, but let them alone. And then again the said Francis stroke him in the forehead, wherewith he fell down, and therewith Francis killed him out of hand. This done, such gentlemen as as of our part saw the same, and those of the other part took leave friendly the one with the other, and departed with the said Francis, without having any manner of hurt." Had reprimanded Francis, but considering that they were both French men and the English side had the honour, said the less to him, only defending them and the rest from fighting again without licence. Requests to be informed whether he shall grant such messenger licence, should any challenge happen hereafter. Desires to know his pleasure touching Volland van der Ley, whose messenger still awaits answer. [Three pages.]
Feb. 28. Instructions given by King Edward VI., with advice of the Protector and Council, to Sirs Hugh Poulet and John Harington, to inspect and report upon the state of the garrisons at Boulogne, Calais, and Newhaven, the number of men in service, the state of the finances, and the stowage of provisions and ammunition. [Thirteen pages. Autograph of Petre.]
Feb. 14.
Boulogne.
29. Lord Grey, Sir Hugh Poulet, and Sir John Harington, to the Council. Incloses a statement of the present number of men, remain of victuals, and quantity of stowage in the forts (missing). The bearer, John Hornyold, will declare what seems sufficient until the end of June next. In all the pieces there is scarcely sufficient stowage to receive what is requisite for four months; yet Lord Grey trusts to make shift for the stowage of such quantity when it arrives. But if they intend to send any larger mass of victuals to remain, new houses must be erected and others well repaired. Such repairs may be most conveniently employed on the palace and Our Lady's church in High Boulogne, there being already fair cellars and the wall of the houses standing. The timber-work necessary for these repairs should be framed in England and sent hither, otherwise it seems hard to devise how the same may be well holpen. [One page.]
Feb. 14.
Blackness.
30. Sir Richard Cavendish to William Lord St. John, Great Master of the Household. Acknowledges his letter of the 7th, in which he intimates intention to relieve their want of victuals. Will prepare stowage for the same. Sends schedule of ordnance, munition, and other necessaries required (missing), for "this piece most needful to be remembered, but now most in oblivion." [One page.]
Feb. 15.
Calais.
31. Lord Cobham to the Lord Protector and Council. Has this day received from the Captain of Ardres the letter of which copy is inclosed. Although since the proclamation of peace there has been permitted free and open passage of beer between the two places for the more speedy utterance of his Majesty's malt here as usual before the wars, yet has thought proper to defer his answer until certified of their Lordships' pleasure. As the grain in question has not yet arrived, and they are now occupied in setting forth jousts and other exercises of arms, as are here intended on Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday next, he has desired the messenger to spare his answer until these triumphs be past, trusting in the meantime to know their pleasure. [One page.] Incloses,
31. I. M. Blerencourt to the Lord Deputy at Calais. Ardres, Feb. 15. As barley and oats are fetching a very low price where his rents are payable, and bring a good one here, he has caused 500 or 600 cestiers of Paris measure to be brought to Montreuil; and as it will cost him a considerable sum to bring them hither by waggon, requests to be permitted to have them conveyed by Calais. Will be glad to reciprocate the like favour. [Half a page. French.]
Feb. 15.
Calais.
32. Lord Cobham to Sir William Paget. Has received his letter in favour of Hugh Smith, who arrived yesterday with the men whom he had levied, and will show him as much favour and preferment in his business as he can. As on Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday next, they have appointed triumphs to be made at the tilt, tourney, and barriers, in honour of his Majesty's coronation, and also have determined in consideration thereof to make fires, and set abroad in the market certain hogsheads of wine and beer to be drunken and spent by the commonalty, he will remain to see things accomplished and then cross over. Thanks him for procuring his licence to go to England; looks for his answer touching the Frenchman St. Ligiers, and hopes ere this he has received his last of herrings. [One page.]
Feb. 15.
Boulogne.
33. Sir Hugh Poulet and Sir John Harington to the Lord Protector and Council. They have not yet been to Newhaven and Blackness, but knowing their Lordships' anxiety for speedy information as to the number of men and quality of provisions and stowage, send herewith by John Hornyold the particulars relating to the pieces here. They have written to Lord Stourton and Sir Richard Cavendish for certificates as to these matters in Newhaven and Blackness, which they also transmit. Will proceed to these places to-day and return hither to-morrow. [One page.]
Feb. 15.
Boulogne.
34. Sir Hugh Poulet to Sir William Paget. Sends the respective certificates by the bearer, John Hornyold, for whom he desires Paget's help in the obtaining of the office of Auditor of Calais, which he merits by his honest demeanour in the same. Hopes that Harington and he will soon be able to discharge their commission here and to return. [One page.]
Feb. 16.
Calais.
35. Lord Cobham and the Council at Calais to the Lord Protector and Council. Have received their letters by Hugh Smith, who brought with him 278 men; of whom some were levied in London, some by the way, and others after his arrival here. Of these they have taken certain notes that his Majesty may not be deceived. And whereas their Lordships had appointed that of the 300 men to be levied by Smith, 100 shall be hagbutters, at the wages of eightpence per diem, they finding their own weapons and powder; in their poor opinion the increase of wages to hagbutters will not only be a great hindrance and decay to the archery of the nation, since all men covet the highest pay, but will be a mean, as they have found by experience, that the able and tall men who receive for other weapons only sixpence a day shall be greatly discouraged, when they see such weak personages entertained for the harquebuse, as besides that weapon are apt nor meet for any other service of war, and yet very few of them skilful and expert of that weapon. Hugh Smith is appointed to the command of 200 of the men; the other 100 are placed under the leading of Robert Coningsby, and all are placed in the East pale here. They are all unarmed, having no weapons but swords. The Treasurer has directed Smith within two days to furnish a statement of his expenditure of the 200l. received from their Lordships. On the 6th, 73 more soldiers arrived from Kent, all of whom, except 15 or 16, were reasonably armed with bills and bows. These have been placed in the town of Guisnes. [One page and a quarter.]
Feb. 16.
Calais.
36. Lord Cobham and Sir Edward Wotton to the same. In reference to their inquiry whether he the Deputy had abated any part of the old entertainment of his espial of Corbie, informs them, that in the last wars he and his two men being always accounted part of the band of Coclo Albanois, captain of horse, were allowed for all three 30 crowns per mensem, reckoning 30 days to each month, which the men thought very small payment. Nevertheless, since the end of the wars, not only has such payment been stopped, but all kinds of foreign coins are so enhanced that the crown of the sun cannot be had here under six shillings and twopence, and the double ducat under twelve shillings and eightpence of English groats; so that were his old entertainment continued, his loss in the exchange of one month's wages would extend almost to the fourth part of the whole month's pay. The man travels to the French Court, which, according to the prices of all things now, is no little charge to him, and as their Lordships now understand his case they will please determine for him as seems meet. [One page.]
Feb. 16.
Calais.
37. Lord Cobham to the Lord Protector. Taking occasion of certain wrongs done by the Captain of Gravelines to some of his Majesty's subjects here, had written by a discreet messenger to M. de Rieulx for redress, but principally with a view to ascertain the state of affairs between the Imperialists and the French. Sends copy of De Rieulx's reply, and on his arrival in England, which will be immediately after the triumphs, will relate all that passed between his messenger and De Rieulx. It would be too long for detail herein, as the interview had lasted above four hours. [One page.]
Feb. 15.
Boulogne.
38. Lord Grey to Sir William Paget. As it is right necessary to have here a pothecary for the making and ministering of such medicines as the physician, Doctor Martin, shall appoint to the patient, and as such ought to be a man of experience and honesty, whereof they have a great lack, and can have none such without some allowance of stipend or wages, requests that he will not only provide a reasonable sum for such payment, but will procure the appointment of a suitable individual, as they have no man in this town convenable for the same. [Half a page.]
Feb. 18.
Boulogne.
39. Lord Stourton, Sir Hugh Poulet, and Sir John Harington, to the Lord Protector and Council. The wall about the fort of Newhaven is raised to the full height of 10 feet, except one part 40 feet in length, fallen out this winter, and now ready to be completed in 15 days, which shall be turfed upward to the top of the height of 12 feet above the wall. The mason work required rests chiefly upon the perfecting of four flanks and the gate to the fort (whereto the drawbridge is almost ready), and about the cellars and the walls for the stowage-houses to be made there. The great earthwork to be done rests chiefly upon the raising of the west and north-west bulwarks and curtains of that side, which are in hand, and the cleansing of the ditch about the piece to the depth assigned shall follow. The turfing of the bulwarks and curtains shall be proceeded with as fast as the scarcity of carriages for bringing the turfs will allow. The surveyor, Mr. Rogers, has apportioned the labourers and soldiers to the works in such numbers as the inclosed schedule (missing) will show, so that he trusts the flankers, bulwarks, and curtains will shortly be in good state of defence; and, if it meets with their pleasure, he intends to send for 200 labourers more, for the better and more rapid completion of the works. A forced vamure is also set in hand about the fort, which shall be done by ten labourers assigned to Lord Stourton, without let of the other works. As there are no mills and little stowage for provisions and beer of strength able to last three or four months, they think the seck should be the most convenient store for the fort. The state of the artillery and munition, with what is wanted in that department, will be seen by the inclosure (missing). Two carriages require to be provided for him who has the order of the victualling, for conveyance of the provisions from the haven to the fort, as at present they require to use the carriages employed on the works, which not only hinders operations but often delays the unloading of the vessels for want of convenient vehicles. For the better order of the soldiers, desire that constables and vintners may be assigned to the numbers of the garrison in same manner as at Calais. [Two pages.]
Feb. 18.
Boulogne.
40. Lord Stourton, Sir Hugh Poulet, and Sir John Harington, to the Lord Protector and Council. In terms very similar to the preceding. Blackness stands in the same point as when the Protector left. No part of the wall about the fort is commenced; more labourers are required; meanwhile the masons are busy hewing stones for the cellars and places of stowage. Sir Richard Cavendish has been prevented by sickness from being here to-day, so the letter goes without his signature. [Three pages.]
Feb. 21.
Boulogne.
41. Edward Dudley to Sir William Paget. Returns thanks for the preferment of his lieutenant and gentleman-porter, as it is a great encouragement to them and all others in his service. The surveyor has staked out the Young Man, and intends to proceed with the building, but as carriages are very scarce here for lack of money, Dudley has disbursed some part of his wages for furnishing them in order to the more speedy building of the fort, which shall cost his Majesty as little as anything on this side of the sea. His own soldiers shall labour at it, and he hopes they may be allowed a groat a day as other soldiers. For his own money he shall be contented to forbear to the uttermost he can; and if he had the same that others have, would willingly spend a good part on building this fort, which is so necessary for defence of the base town. The Council having staid the work for lack of pioneers, his own men shall supply the place of pioneers, but he must require masons and other craftsmen, which may be the better spared, since for lack of carriages they cannot work elsewhere. Requests the Council's letter to the surveyor to go in hand with the works as shown on the plot sent herewith (missing), and the letter of the surveyor conveyed by same bearer. [One page.]
Feb. 21.
Boulogne.
42. John Rogers (surveyor of Boulogne) to same. Has traced or staked forth a little castle within the Young Man, as he thinks very fit for the place. Wishes to know if it may be gone in hand withal, as Mr. Dudley is not a little fain thereof. Has sent by the bearer a plot on the scale of one inch to 10 feet. The one point stands directly to the hill on which is the windmill, the other point to the French fort; the gate opens right towards Bas Boulogne. Dudley has promised that his own men shall dig the cellars and foundations, and his own carts carry their stuff thereto. Though the plot seem tedious to do, yet will it lightly be made and without great charge; neither shall it let any other work. Would have sent a statement of all the other works which he has in hand, had they not been recently surveyed and reported on by the Commissioners. [One page.]
Feb. 23.
Calais.
43. Sir John Wallop to the Lord Protector. Yesterday received a letter from the Captain of Ardres, complaining that certain wood had been cut in the forest of Fiennes, that belongs to the county of Guisnes, for the Bailiff and Henry Spruce. Has replied that if any wood has been cut there it was not by his orders, and he has nothing to do therewith; but all the woods that belong to his Majesty's conquest are under the control of Godolphin, to whom all letters on the subject should be addressed. Prior to the late King's death had received a similar letter from Blerencourt, and returned a like reply, of which, as Paget wrote to him, his Majesty took very well, and farther stated that his Majesty had taken order with Godolphin what answer he should make. But as he again complains, is in doubt whether such answer was received. Awaits orders thereon. The triumphs were as follows:—On Sunday was running at the tilt with 30 men of arms, all English (except one Burgundian, a gentleman of St. Omer, named Gomer), of whom three were challengers, and the rest defenders, divided into two bands,—the one being commanded by the Marshal and the other by the Comptroller,—very well appointed and right well horsed. On Monday the same number tournayed; the rest were two Burgundians well horsed for that purpose. On Tuesday was fighting at barriers, as well with the push of the pike as with the combat of swords. Never in his time did he see at Calais so goodly a band and so many do well in all these feats, whereat the strangers gave great praise to them. There were of Burgundian gentlemen a good number, but of French only four or five, of whom three were of Tyrwin [Terouanne]. These strangers were all honourably entertained by the Lord Deputy and the rest of the Council, with much banquetting, interludes, and masks, to their great content; and the Burgundian Gomer had the prize for the tournay, which he deserved very well, and in all his other doings showed himself a good man of arms. He that encountered him showed himself his full match, one of the towardest men in all three feats that Wallop has seen for many years, named Highfield, a young man and one of the three challengers. Of the other two, one was son of Lord Brooke, who showed himself right rough and courageous in all three; and the third was Jerningham, who behaved like a man of experience and one well acquainted therewith. Hears that many ships are coming to the French out of Brittany, and that preparations for stowage of corn are being made at Montreuil, Hesdin, and Terouanne, where for lack of sufficient granaries they occupy cellars with separations. Requests that he may be continued in such authority at Guisnes as he has hitherto been, with power of appointing captains where none are appointed by the Protector and Council, in such manner as Mr. Gage [Sir John] can tell him has been usual. [Three pages.]
Feb. 23.
The Old Man.
44. Sir Thomas Palmer to Sir William Paget. When at Mr. Herbert's last year his late Majesty granted his suit to have in exchange other lands for those belonging to the dissolved college of South Malling, and farther understanding the hard bargain which he had made in the purchase, considering it was intended that he should have 50l. lands by the year of free gift, had said there should be a farther amends besides made to him at his next return, as at the time both Paget and and the Chancellor of Augmentations were informed. At that said last return he was pre vented by want of time from moving the suit farther; wherefore begs Paget's assistance therein. The king shall be no loser, and he a gainer of some commodity. Has written to the Lord Protector and the Lord Chancellor to the like effect. Has nothing to stick to assuredly but this college, and would therefore gladly frame it so as he might hereafter have some poor living where he shall be unable peradventure to serve abroad. His living in England is very small, considering the pensions which he pays out of his land, and these to people likely to live as long as himself, and his husbandry has not been such as has any whit enlarged it. [One page and a quarter.]
Eod. die. 45. Sir Thomas Palmer to the Lord Protector. On the same subject and in nearly similar terms, beseeching his Grace "who has been the founder of his beginning and furtherer hitherto in all his causes," to help him in his suit, as unless he does so he sees it "wholly quailed and out of hope." The rent of Malling is not raised, neither lease granted nor house spoiled, though it is true that he finds a few more spiritualities in it than his Abbot requires. [One page and a half.]
Eod. die. 46. The same to the Lord Chancellor. On the same subject and in like style. [One page and a quarter.]
Feb. 24.
Boulogne.
47. Sir Hugh Poulet and Sir John Harington to the Lord Protector. On Monday last they were at Newhaven and proceeded in the evening to Blackness. The works, considering the number of labourers employed, go on well; and the fort of Newhaven rises to good perfection of strength. Since reporting on the state of Blackness there have been 200 labourers and soldiers employed at work upon the northwest bulwark, which was the place most deficient in height, and an increase of other 200 workmen immediately would bring it to good point of defence, before the enemy could well be in the field to annoy it, although Sir Richard Cavendish still thinks 400 necessary. Until, however, the tedious conveyance of victuals can be relieved, they think the smaller number of men enough; and that the fort should be completed for the protection of the haven, prior to any steps being taken for the exercise of feats of arms and other pleasant pastimes set forth in honour of the triumphant feast of his Majesty's coronation. Think that their abode here five or six days longer will suffice for their duties. [Two pages.] Inclosing,
47. Proceedings in honour of the coronation, as follows:—
"First, six of the men at arms of this town, viz.: Richard Jerningham, Richard Eldersham, Thomas Wood, David Cornwall, Hamond Upton, and William Griesby did challenge all comers at the ring (for lack of a tilt), the tourney and barriers to be executed upon Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday last past; whereof warning was given by the trumpet in time as appertaineth thereto.
"Item. Henry Dudley captain of the Guards, to enlarge the same triumph, devised to run at random with every of the challengers and to assay the thing what they could do. Dudley and Jerningham the Thursday before met in the field in their hosting harness and ran the one against the other with coronet staves, and at the second counter met so freely that both went to the ground, their harness flying about the field and their horses astonied, but (thanks to God) without hurt both leaped on horseback again and brake sundry staves very honestly.
"Item. For the better shewing of the feats there was a large pound beside the Old Man railed in, and the challengers' tents and holes pitched near thereunto, and a forced house well garnished to feast all comers, where the Lord Deputy and the Council kept three long tables furnished every of the said three days for all gentlemen that would repair thither.
"Item. Upon Saturday the challengers came into the field guided by Mr. Crofts, Under Marshal, their padrino, accompanied with divers gentlemen, having their shields set forth with pretty and sundry devices; every of the said challengers in his colour of silk apart for knowledge of the one from the other, with the trappings of their houses suitable to the same; and being brought to the field with sound of trumpets, their shields were set upon sundry trees pight there for that purpose.
"Item. Upon Sunday after the Lord Deputy had dined in the field, being accompanied with the ladies and gentlemen of the town, and with divers captains and gentlemen of the French fort, besides those of the garrison, came in the defendants conducted by Sir John Bridges, High Marshal, their padrino and divers other gentlemen, in two sundry bands, the one being six gentlemen, like Turks, and after them eighteen other men at arms, all well mounted, well armed, and well set forth in silk with their colours and devices, both men and horses.
"Item. The Lord Deputy placed himself with the Council, strangers, and gentlewomen upon a scaffold made for that purpose, to behold and judge every man his doings.
"Item. After sundry courses in the ring came in Henry Dudley out of the Old Man, accompanied with Sir Henry and Sir Thomas Palmer, his padrino, and twelve other gentlemen, all in silk of one suit, carrying every of them a staff garnished with colours, and so passed round about the field.
"Item. The challengers ran with every defender three courses at the ring, which was of all parties very well handled; but Richard Jerningham had the prize, which was a goodly plume of feathers. Then came in Henry Dudley (who also in his three closes had before right well handled himself in the ring) and broke a staff with every of the challengers, which was on every part well done, but Henry Dudley there did most notably.
"Item. The next day was the tourney on horseback, which was wonderfully well foughten, Sir Henry and Sir Thomas Palmer, Mr. Poynings, and Mr. Arnold being appointed to be sticklers, and to see all things indifferently used. There were few or none departed till their swords or armour brake or failed. Most men said they never saw a more brave tourney. There was one of the challengers' horses overthrown with a shock, as it happened, but yet recovered again without forsaking the saddle; and in likewise a defendant overthrown with plain force by Richard Jerningham, whereby he had the prize, which was a curtilashe.
"Item. On Monday, at night, there was a request made to the Lord Deputy, that where there had been justs challenged upon the land that it might please his Lordship to grant to six Flemings to challenge all comers that would just on the water the next day in the mole of the haven at full sea, which was granted; and the Fleming sounded the drum against all Englishmen and Frenchmen. The time came, and the Fleming in his boat with a drum and a lance on his thigh after the manner, one poor Englishmen had gotten a boat, and having a lance in his hands met once and failed; the second time the Fleming lost his spear; the third time the Englishman overthrew the Fleming into the water, who was in danger of drowning.
"And after that the said challenge waxed cold, the Lord Deputy with the rest went to the aforenamed place, where the feat of arms at the barriers was lustily handled on either part, but in conclusion the prize of that feat was given to Eldersham, which was a fair sword and a dagger.
"Item. That Tuesday, at night, the foresaid Mr. Crofts, padrino of the challengers, did come with them to the Lord Deputy's house in a very fair mask, all suited in pilgrims' apparel of black velvet, and so ended these honourable pastimes.
"Item. There are twelve gentlemen, captains of this garrison, which have challenged all comers at the just of the pike; and that challenge is appointed to be answered with a like number of gentlemen on Sunday next coming." [Three pages.]
Feb. 26.
Calais.
48. Lord Cobham to Sir William Paget. Has apprised the Lord Admiral that a Portuguese ship yesterday ran aground at Sandgate, and the merchants and mariners forsaking her escaped to land. John Neale of this town being fishing thereabouts made for the wreck and brought from it hither 72 loaves of white sugar and eight broken loaves, 78 loaves of black sugar and three broken loaves, also four bales of white soap. These remain in the custody of Edward May, Lieutenant of the castle here, for better preservation, being somewhat drenched with salt water. Has given commands to the Bailiff of Sandgate, the Lord Admiral's deputy, to look diligently to the safe keeping of the rest of the goods, which are esteemed of great value, among them being a good proportion of sweet wines, until his Lordship's pleasure is known. Requests him to be a mean with the Admiral to send instructions connected herewith to the Treasurer and Lieutenant. [One page.]
Feb. 27.
Boulogne.
49. John Merbury to the Lord Protector and the Council. Having been appointed, after the departure of Sir Thomas Moyle and the Commissioners of the limits in the Boulognois, to make surveys, he has done the same; but there being considerable uncertainty regarding the parishes of Bursin, Hardynham, Nabringheyn, with the chapel of Colennbarge, and a part of Fiennes, requests to have their advice thereon, as many English and Picards much desire to take leases of the King's part of the lands. A speedy answer is necessary, because the time for tilling and otherwise occupying the land is near. Wishes to know whether he shall make a statement to the Auditor here of the half-year's rent due to his Majesty at the feast of the Annunciation of our Lady next ensuing for the high and base towns of Boulogne, and such other lands as are presently let in the Boulognois and its marches, in order that he may appoint for the collecting of the said rents. [One page.]
Feb. 28.
Calais.
50. Sir Edward Wotton to the same. All the works and provisions for the same, with the crews here, remain unpaid from Michaelmas last till now, with the exception of sundry prests and payments as he has in the interval paid out of money received from the surveyors of victuals, seeing he has received no money from England since Michaelmas aforesaid. Therefore sends a declaration of the money due, amounting to 2,670l. 2s. 8d., requesting that it may be sent by the bearer, Hugh Counsell, as the people are urgent for payment. Many necessary works require to be done in the spring, which, though they will cost much, must be executed, or else greater inconvenience is like to ensue. These the Surveyor will declare. Wherefore they had better send at least 1,000l. more than the sum specified in the declaration, to prevent his too often troubling them with the unthankful request of money. [Two pages.] Inclosing,
50. I. Declaration above referred to; in which it is to be noticed that the salary of each "poticary" is exactly the half of that paid to the captain of the company to which he is attached. [Broadside.]
Feb. 28.
Boulogne.
51. John Merbury to Sir William Paget. Requests to know his Majesty's pleasure on the points of limits and rents mentioned in his letter to the Protector and Council. Also that he may have permission to go to England when he has taken order on the premises, seeing, as he mentioned when Paget dispatched him hither, the time was so short that that little which God has lent him being sparkled in divers places, he had no time to take order therewith, and since then his travail has been daily such in his Majesty's service that before now he could find no time requisite to make suit for the same. [One page.]