Henry VIII: May 1544, 6-10 | British History Online

Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 19 Part 1, January-July 1544. Originally published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1903.

'Henry VIII: May 1544, 6-10', in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 19 Part 1, January-July 1544, (London, 1903) pp. 296-310. British History Online https://www.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol19/no1/pp296-310 [accessed 23 April 2024]

May 1544, 6-10



6 May.	468. The Privy Council to Hertford.
Hatfield MS. 231, No. 90. [Cal. of Cecil MSS. Pt. i., 155.]	As the King desires the Surveyor of Calais, that now is, to come up with diligence, they pray him to send the said surveyor by sea and thence to come by post. Westminster, 6 May 1544. Signed by Chancellor Wriothesley, Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Westminster, Gage and Petre.
	P. 1. Add.
6 May.	469. The Privy Council to Layton.
R. O.	Send herewith two writings in French sealed with the Great Seal, viz., a letter of retainder for Mons. de Buren according to a minute (fn. n1) sent from thence, and a proxy for Buren to be at the feast of the Toyson. These are to be delivered to Thomas Chamberlayn (if yet there) to present, or else sent to Mons. de Buren. Whereas he wrote on 26 April that Octavian, an Italian, was detected there to be a French spy, and the Regent likewise wrote to Mr. Wotton at Calys, the said Octavian is apprehended but persists in a plain denial of all charges. Communicating this to the Regent, Layton shall procure that some special matter against him, or his accuser, may be sent hither, for otherwise the King thinks he may not long be detained as he is. Westm., 6 May 1544.
	P.S.—He shall travail to the uttermost that the hoys and playtes fail not to be at the places appointed, especially those by last letters appointed to come into Temmes; also that the wagons and carriages be ready, for the time approaches fast. Let the hoys that come into Temmes be sent the day after receipt of this. The King has provided by one Gundylfyngar 600 hacquebuttes and other necessaries. Layton shall speak with the Regent to let them pass.
	Draft, pp. 2. Endd.: Mynute to Doctor Layton, vj^o Maii 1544.
6 May.	470. Chapuys to the Queen of Hungary.
R. O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 84.]	The Council sent him word yesterday how, upon her writing to the Deputy of Calais, the King had apprehended an Italian named Octavie; who was yesterday closely examined by them, but they could draw nothing from him touching his intelligence in France, only that he was suspected of it because he had acquaintance with one La Chapelle who had formerly lent him money. Finding nothing else against him they did not commit him to ordinary prison, but to the keeping of the bp. of London, until they should hear from her what he is charged with; and they desire to hear as soon as possible. The English have news that their ships have arrived in Scotland, and that when the men have disembarked and joined the horsemen the ships will return hither. But it is to be feared that the delay caused by contrary wind may have spoilt their enterprise; which seems somewhat dangerous unless it is favoured by the serious illness of the Governor of Scotland and the assistance of the sons of Earl Douglas, (fn. n2) who, notwithstanding that their father is still in prison, lately untrussed (ont destrousse) the captain of Dombart with all his men and baggage. London, 6 (fn. n3) May 1544.
	Fr. Modern transcript of the original at Vienna, pp. 2.
6 May.	471. John Lynne to Hertford.
Add. MS. 32,654, f. 171. B. M. Hamilton Papers. ii., No. 231.	Repaired, as Hertford commanded, to Westchestre and Lerepole enquiring for the kernes to come from Ireland to serve in the King's wars; and immediately after him came Walter Pepard to Chester with commission to conduct 600 of the best of the kernes to London, the other 400 to repair to the North. Nothing is however heard of them although the wind has been so convenient; but it is reported that two great ships and a bark, the King's enemies, deter them. As Pepard says that the 400 kernes for the North will arrive at Pelofotheray (fn. n4) nigh Fornes, if they can get pilots, the writer has sent his servant thither; and remains here in doubt whether they will arrive at Chestre, Beaumares, Lerepole, or Pelofotheray. Westchester, 6 May.
	Hol., p. 1. Add. Sealed. Endd.
Hatfield MS. 231, No. 35, [Cal. of Cecil MSS. Pt. i., 156.]	2. Copy of the above.
	P. 1. Headed: Copie of John Lynnes letter to my lord Lieutenant.
6 May.	472. Hertford, Lisle and Sadler to Henry VIII.
Add. MS. 32,654, f. 173. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 232.	Upon the despatch of last letters, mentioning their landing beside Legh, having ordered the army in three wards, whereof the lord Admiral had the foreward and Shrewsbury the rearward, marched towards Legh; so as to get that town and land their artillery, horses, &c., there being no other landing place on this shore. Although their landing was not opposed, and all, with a few light field pieces, landed in three hours, after marching about a mile the foreward discovered about 6,000 Scots, horse and foot, along a brook betwixt Legh and Edinburgh, with ordnance laid in two straits which the army must pass to come hither or else go 6 or 7 miles round. The Governor, Cardinal, Murray, Seton and other lairds of Lowdyan were there, and seemed determined to keep the passage. Describes how the army forthwith pressed forward and took the passages, the fight being for half an hour "right sharply handled on both parts," wherein Peter Meawtes with his company of hackbuttiers did good service. Recovered then, by force, the entry to the town of Legh which was stoutly defended and fortified with ordnance and ditches; but the men gave the onset so boldly that the town and ordnance, "such as it is," was taken before night and the enemies fled out. Lost but two or three men slain and two hurt with shot. Encamping here, have, yesterday and to-day, brought the ships with the ordnance and draught horses into the haven; and to-morrow by daylight mean to march towards Edinburgh to execute the King's charge. Have been suffered to lie here quietly these two nights, save that horsemen (some of whom are taken prisoners) have pricked about the town to view their doings. The Governor and others aforesaid, whereof Brunstoun was one, who were in the field, tarried not at Edinburgh, but fled to Lythco. Found great substance, worth 10,000l., in Legh, whereof was great store of grain; and also in the haven two fair ships of the late Scottish king's, the Salamon and Unycorne, which will return with the navy.
	On Sunday night, after Hertford's entry here, the Provost and burgesses of Edinburgh sent a herald desiring leave to speak with him; and, next morning, they came offering that, if granted assurance and supported against the power of Scotland, they would adhere to the King to have the late treaties accomplished. Dilated to them the great untruth used by this realm to the King (and the King's clemency and godly intent "to have brought these two realms to a perpetual wealth, unity and quietness") to revenge which with fire and sword to such as would resist, he (Hertford) was now sent, and he intended to have their town and castle to use as he thought good. The provost answered that in that extremity they would defend themselves; but, if Hertford would declare what kindness they should receive if they set open their gates, they would deliberate and show what they would do. Replied that he came not to condition or treat with them: if they delivered the town he would receive it and use it as he thought good, but if they resisted he would persecute them as the law of arms requires. As the ordnance was not landed and the army could not march until to-morrow, gave them until 7 p.m. yesternight to consult; at which hour they sent a herald to say that unless Hertford would capitulate with them they would defend themselves. Intends to-morrow to summon the town and assure them that, if they abide the shot of a cannon or make any resistance, he will persecute them with fire and sword without mercy; as he partly declared to the herald.
1544.	On Sunday night Brimstone came to the town's end, as he says, to be taken prisoner or find means to speak with Hertford, but was shot with an arrow in the thigh by one of the watch and forced to retire. Yesterday he came by daylight and spoke with Hertford, saying that many gentlemen here in Lowdyane, if they saw that the King's force would make any abode here, would serve him; whereas to use extremity would be to lose the hearts of all the people of this realm, which might easily be won if this town were fortified and Edinburgh town and castle conquered and garrisoned, by which the King should be sure of all on this side the Frithe and also shortly come by the rest of the realm. Signify this the rather as it seems likely that if the King had a foot here a great part of the realm would fall to his devotion; and it is evident that this town might be fortified against all enemies, and thereby both Edinburgh and all on this side of the Frith brought to a subjection. Hertford intends to accomplish "the King's last resolution with all diligence, supposing that, before they can win the town and castle of Edinburgh, and sack and burn it and this town, which is well sacked already, with the villages about, for which the horsemen will be needed, it will be eight days before they can depart.
	Ric. Broke, captain of the Galey Subtile, has taken a blockhouse in this river called Ynchegarvy. Order is taken for it to be razed, which, if the "first determination to fortify here had continued, had been worth the keeping." Legh, Tuesday, 6 May, at night. Signed.
	Pp. 9. Add. Endd. 1544.
R. O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 85.]	2. Modern transcript of the above from a copy in the Vienna Archives (where there is also a French translation); with a note at the end also in English (written by Paget for Chapuys's information?) as follows:—
	"You must understand that Legh is an haven town, of like reputation in Scotland to Andwarpe in Brabant, or Diepe in Normandy. This morning I have received a letter out of Scotland from a servant of the King's declaring that Edinboroughe is all burned and razed. I look every hour for news from the lieutenant to the King's Grace."
	Pp. 10.
6 May.	473. James Earl of Ormond and Ossory to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., iii. 495.	Has prepared the 100 kerne which the King required him to furnish for the royal voyage to subdue the French king; and also, seeing the slowness of others who were likewise written to, has prepared another 100. The Justice and Council have appointed as captain general of the whole number sent thither the writer's nephew, Lord Power, under whom he appoints another nephew, Piers Butler, second brother to the baron of Dunboyne, to the one hundred of his men, and Edmond Purcell, one of the captains of his kerne, to the other. Trusts that the King will accept the services of these young gentlemen, and that they will win experience in war whereby the better to serve here or elsewhere. Hoped to have been himself sent for to serve at this time; but will exert himself in the King's affairs here and be ready to repair to him with a band of men of war if required. Obtained, when last with the King, his suit to have his son and heir brought up with the Prince, and has now sent his said son thither. Dublin, 6 May. Signed.
	Pp.2. Add. Endd.:1544.
6 May.	474. Layton to the Council.
R. O.	Caused the Regent to join a commissioner with Broke, to take up hoys, and they went together to Andwarpe and, with the help of the margrave there, "hired a certain for xxviij stivers a ton, whereas they held them stiff a whole day at a ducat a ton." Broke sent back for a patent under the Queen's hand to take up hoys, with command to officers to assist him, and not to take past 28 or 30 stivers for a ton, 30 being the Emperor's price. Forthwith sent him commissions, both in French and Flemish, and retired the Queen's servant as unnecessary. Wrote by George Gower to what point he had driven the Regent and Council concerning limoners and wagons. For provision of victuals tarries but for the two commissioners to be joined with the Queen's, who longs for their coming. The Admiral, with all the ships here, is ready to enter the seas on the 15th; and the Regent and Council affirm that by the 20th every ship will be on the seas furnished according to the "intreatie."
	On the 5th the Regent sent the President to me with a letter sent to her from the new Admiral, of France, Seigneur Hennebaut, late marshal of France, desiring that the poor fishers of France and Flanders might have safe-conduct to fish together notwithstanding the wars, as has been accustomed. She intends to answer that she refers the matter to the Emperor and the King, supposing that, upon such safe-conduct, the French would set the Scots to take up all the poor fishers of Flanders. The herald that brought this letter to Cambray said that he must deliver it to the Regent herself, and showed a schedule written by Mons. de Vandhome in these words "Nos vous commaundons que vous suffrez cest harrolde passer par toutes vous villz et forteresses de Hennolde, Arthois, Flaunders et Brabant sans aucune areste, truble ou empechement, jusques a ce qu'il vient devante le Regent pour deliverier tellz lettres que nous luy avons donne." The letter and schedule were received at Cambray and the herald sent back with word that, if the Queen would answer it, he should have answer at leisure. Bruxells, 6 May. Signed.
	P. 1. Add. Endd.:1544.
6 May.	475. Layton to Paget.
R. O.	Wrote a letter to the King, 27 April, concerning Octavian. The Queen wrote another to the deputy of Calais. Would have sent his post with both letters, but she insisted on sending her post to Calais with both, saying that he should ride night and day, and deliver her letters for the same purpose at Bruges, Graveling and Saincte Hombers. Gave the knave 5 mks. to make haste, besides her reward. As I understand that Mr. Wootton did not receive these letters till 1 May, pray show the King how I was deceived by that knave post. When asked why he was so long he could only answer that his horse failed and he fell sick. Henceforward no post of the Queen's shall carry letter for me and I will never so offend again "for Caiser nor Quene. I trust I shall cause the knave to lose his office tomorrow ere I dine, if I can so soon speak with the Quene." Bruxells, 6 May. Signed.
	P. 1. Add. Sealed. Endd.:1544.
7 May.	476. John Uvedale to Wriothesley.
R. O.	Since the arrival here of my lord of Herteforde has delivered two several declarations of the state of the King's treasure in his custody, but, considering Herteforde's importunate daily travail for setting forth the King's army royal into Scotland and inclination "towards the ague," is in doubt whether they were sent to the Privy Council. Now, having finished payment for one other month, which began 6 May, has made a third declaration, and encloses herewith all three declarations, so that Wriothesley amongst other "affairs of great importance" may see the furniture of money here redubbed in time. Apologises for thus molesting him. Newcastell upon Tyne, 7 May. Signed: Jo. Vuedale.
	P. 1. Add.: To, &c., my lord Wriothesley. Endd.:1544.
R. O.	2. Newcastle upon Tyne, 7 May 36 Hen. VIII.:—Brief declaration by John Uvedale, treasurer appointed for payment of my lord Lieutenant and the garrisons on the Borders.
	Showing that at his declaration on 16 April he had (with 122l. 16s. 7½d. in broken and refuse gold, and 166l. 13s. 4d. in two bills of prest of the earl of Rutelande and Sir Robt. Bowes) 3,752l. 11s. 9½d.; and has received, on 3 May, of Thos. Jefferrey, one of the clerks of the Privy Seal, at Newcastle, 6,000l. Whereof:—
	Paid, by my lord Lieutenant's warrant, to Sir Ralph Sadlar, treasurer of the wars against Scotland, 3,000l.; to my lord of Duresme for money disbursed to Sir Ralph when the King's army was transported from Newcastle towards Scotland, 1,254l. 17s. 6d.; sent to Edw. Shelley to Barwik, 1 May, for ten days' payment of wages of men now ready to enter Scotland under the Wardens of the East and Middle Marches 1,745l. 2s. 6d.; delivered to John Lyne, in prest, to convey 500 Irishmen called kerne from West Chestre to Newcastell, which are not yet arrived here, 250l.; wages of captains and soldiers on the Borders for one month from 6 May to 2 June (over and besides the diets of my lord Lieutenant and his 100 men, the heralds and one trumpet which are yet unpaid) 2,060l. 6s. 8d.; to Hen. Aundirsone, of Newcastle, merchant, for money laid out in helping the King's ship Swepstake and making bridges and slings for the King's horses, 28l. 13s. 4½d.; to John Thynne, servant to my lord Lieutenant, for reparations upon the King's manor at Newcastle, 40s. 10d.
	Remainder, 1,411l. 10s. 3d.
	Memorandum, that diets of my lord Lieutenant and wages of his 100 men, with wages of the heralds, one pursuivant, one trumpet, and the captains, soldiers and gunners, consume daily 81l. 15s. 6d., or 1,144l. 17s. in fourteen days, or 2,289l. 14s. monthly. Signed.
	Large paper, p. 1.
7 May.	477. The Justice and Council of Ireland to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., iii. 497.	Delivered his letters, for the sending over of 1,000 kerne, to the nobility to whom they were addressed; and used such diligence that the kerne have been ready waiting for wind these 12 days. Have now shipped 1,000 kerne, counting pages and boys, for West Chester; and have for that purpose borrowed 500l. from the Deputy's wife to be repaid in England. The King wrote last for 400 of them to be sent to the Pyle of Foudray, but the wind would not serve nor could mariners who knew that coast be had. Enclose a minute of those to whom the King wrote for kerne and the numbers sent by each. Those of Ormond and Desmond and such others as furnished whole hundreds have their captains and petty-captains appointed, and others who furnished small numbers have sent captains with them, whom they peradventure expect to be entertained as captains. Beg that they may be entertained in such a way that neither they nor their masters shall judge themselves disparaged. Wrote on receipt of the King's first letters that the kerne desired some nobleman of this realm to go with them, and his other letters required the writers to appoint one of those who were written to. As the earls and other nobility of the Englishry are "unwieldy men for to go with light kerne," there was no choice but the lord of Dunboyne and the lord Power; and so they appointed lord Power, who is "a toward and an hardy young gentleman," and leave his entertainment to the King's liberality. The custom is for every two kerne to have a page or boy (who is, nevertheless, a man) to carry their mantles, weapons and victuals, who with the marshals, pipers, surgeons, and the like, have like entertainment as themselves; but, thinking that in the King's "standing wars" they will be otherwise provided for, they are now to have a page or boy to every four, and the 800 kerne and 200 boys is accounted 1,000 kerne. If the Irish lords after this first shipping send more they shall be transported thither, as it is doubtful how the refusal of them would be taken by their masters, and because, through their default, 300 or 400 more of the King's "mere subjects" were sent, so that it is policy to send away as many of theirs as possible. Beg that all may be gently entertained, preserved and encouraged, lest their masters should conceive grudge against the writers for procuring their going, and be discouraged to send men again. "Assuring your Highnes that theis men, used in their feate, be very tall men, but they muste be trayned in some payne and percite, elles thei woll shortely lease ther feate." They will be easily trained to be good gunners, and many of them are gunners although they have no guns, whereof there is no provision here.
	Have sent thither three of the gunners in the Tower of London, Thos. Canterell, John Falley and Robert Delman, and beg favour to them for their long service here, especially to Cantrell, who, as master of the ordnance for two or three years, and otherwise, has served well. Their departure leaves few or none here to "occupy" the great ordnance. Dublin, 7 May 36 Hen. VIII. Signed by Brabazon, Alen, Ormond, George abp. of Dublin, Aylmer, Edw. bp. of Meath, Lutrell, Bathe, Cusake and Basnet.
	Pp. 3. Add. Endd.
R. O. St. P., iii. 497.	2. "A note of the names of the lords and gentlemen of Ireland which send kerne."
	Giving in columns the names, the numbers written for and the numbers actually sent, followed by a list of names and numbers ordered by the Justice and Council for supplying the deficiency, and totals. The names of those written to are the earls of Ormonde, Desmonde, Tyrone and Thomonde, the barons of Ybrecan, Cahir, and Dunboyne, lord Power, the baron of Slane, and Sir Gerald Fitz John of Dromanny; Orayley, Ochonour, Okarelle, Omore, Maguyre, Oruricke, Omulmoy, Omaghlaghlyn, Magunessa, and Cahir McArte Cavenagh. Those who supply the deficiency are Ormonde, the barons of Delvyn and Carbrie; the lord of Lowth with Uriell and Ferney; Sir Thomas Cusacke and the borderers of the shires of Mith and Westmyth; Robt. Sentleger, brother to the lord Deputy, the Byrnes; Teg Ochonour, Chair Ochonour's son; Arte Oge Othole, and Teg Ofaroll of the Annayly. Total 1,154, of whom 234 are boys. "So remanet in fighting men, 920; but there be more shipped."
	Pp. 2. Endd. as above.
R. O.	3. Another copy of § 2.
	Pp. 2. Add.:To my lorde Deputie. Endd.:A note of th'Irish kerne.
R. O.	4. "Kerne to be transported into England to serve the King." (fn. n5)
	Giving the names of the men supplied by Ormonde (80, of whom 18 are gunners, under Pyers Butler, captain, and James Robynnet, petty-captain, and another 80, of whom 23 are gunners, under Edm. Purcel, captain, and Patrick Archedecon, petty-captain), Desmonde (115 under Gerald Corsye, grand captain, and George Grenelef, petty-captain), Tyrone (76 under Arthur Oquyn, captain, and Walter Eglye and Walter Bathe, petty-captains), and the baron of Delven (28 under Piers Nugent, captain).
	Long paper, pp. 4. Endd.: A book of the names of the kern sent out of Ireland.
R. O.	5. "An estimate for the transporting of 500 (altered from 1,000) 'carnes' from Dyveling and thereabout in Yrlonde [unto Fumes Felles] (fn. n6) in Ynglonde."
	Small boats to the tonnage of 280 tons to be had in Chester, Lerpolle and Yrlonde for a month of 28 days, 14l. Wages of 98 mariners at 5s. a month with 14 "dedeshars," 28l. Victualling of these mariners at 6s. 10d., 33l. 9s. 8d.
	"Item, that where it was appointed 40l. in the rates afore, it may please your lordships to allow your pleasures and we shall be accountable."
	Total, 75l. 9s. 8d.
	Note in another hand: "Be sydes the costes, xxvjl xiijs. iiijd., passed by warr. to my 1. Wrioth."
	Added in another hand: Mathew Kent, 102l. 3s., Robert Butler.
	P. 1. Endd.: The rate for transportation of the kerne.
7 May.	478. Wotton to Henry VIII.
R. O.	On the 24th ult. received a letter from the Council, of the 19th, which he declared to the Emperor and Granvelle. The Emperor's answer was that he took it to be of great importance that Henry should not be destituted of 1,000 horses, as he should have been if Wotton had not straightway agreed with the captain by him appointed, who would do as good service as any in Germany, and to whom and to his brother (who should have served with him) the Emperor gives pensions (as he gives to few else) and indeed had already retained him to serve with 5 ensigns of footmen. Also, that the said captain mistrusted not Henry's payment, but men are mortal and if Henry died the captain might lose his money, to his undoing; and, therefore, he trusted that Henry would have given the assurance demanded. And as for the money, he himself had promised the captain that Henry would grant the assurance or at least suffer him to retain the money; for without it he could not prepare to serve. It was probably distributed already and he could not, against his promise, compel the captain to restore it.
	Granvelle made like answer, swearing that the King could not have been better served in all Germany than by the captain and his men.
	As to the navy, the Emperor said he had already written of it to the Lady Regent and no fault should be found therein, but, although galleons might serve in those seas, galleys could not; yet, if the Frenchmen come strong to the sea he will also prepare further. The final answer touching the money delivered to the captain is that both Mons. de Lyre and the Viceroy have spoken with the captain, who says he has bestowed it in preparations and cannot be constrained to redeliver any part of it. Has before written how in this matter of captain Van Sickingen he was importuned by the Emperor and his Council, who persuaded him (being inexperienced) that if he went not straight through with it Henry would be unprovided with 1,000 horsemen at his most need, and that this captain was so meet a man. Will not try to excuse himself, but, as God hears no man's petition sooner than theirs who trust to His goodness for mercy, so he will trust to Henry (who in his supreme dignity most resembles God in this world) for forgiveness. (fn. n7)
	The Emperor's Ambassador will tell how his men lost the field in Piedmont. The Frenchmen have won more glory than profit by it, for they have not since gotten any town or castle, and there is no likelihood of any innovation in Lombardy. They persist in their purpose to famish Carignano; but Pirrhus Colunna has victuals for all this month. The Mylannois of themselves have offered the Emperor 100,000 ducats; and the duke of Florence has sent thither 2,000 footmen paid for three months, and the duchess of Cameryne and Cardinal of Mantua likewise. The Marquis del Guasto has sent Francisco de Landriano to declare the state of Lombardy. All letters say that the Marquis is hurt in the left hand and above the knee, but a courier who came straight thence says he is not hurt at all. Whereas, before, all men praised him, now all say ill of him, some that he is a coward, some that he wants wit, and others ("who seem to me to prick nighest the mark") that, for a little success that he had, he was so lifted up with pride that he thought his name only would make his enemies flee. With the Spaniards these tales doubtless proceed partly of envy, but indeed it will be hard to excuse his hazarding the battle without necessity. The 2,200 lantzknechts taken are sent home, through Switzerland, under promise not to serve against the French king for a certain space, and some are come hither already. At first all the blame was laid on the lantzknechts, but now it is put upon the Emperor's horsemen, who fled amongst them and put them in disorder, so that the Switzers and Gascons and Frenchmen overcame them.
	The French king has sent the Cardinal of Ferrara to Venice. Cardinal Grimane was also there lately, suspected to be sent by the Bishop of Rome; but Venetians here say that, being a Venetian, he went thither for private matters and returned in two or three days to Plaisance, he being legate of Plaisance and Parme.
	The Frenchmen had taken a town of Luxemburgh called Monmeddier and sent out 100 of their garrison, to seek some adventure, who were surprised and all taken or slain by the Spaniards. The Spaniards, thereupon, dressed some of their own men in the Frenchmen's apparel and pursued them towards the town, shooting guns over each other, as if fighting, and the townsmen then opened the gates in haste to receive them; and they kept the gates till the rest of the Spaniards entered and took the town. Hearing that the ambassadors, of Denmark were departing without concluding anything, Wotton asked Granvelle of it; who said it was not so, but they still hoped to grow to some good end. Granvelle says that they stick most at the Article concerning Henry, requiring to have no mention of Scotland in it; so that, Granvelle thinks, the tale may be true "that the king of Denmark's brother looketh to marry the daughter of Scotland." In Hungary the Turks have lost 600 men in assaulting a strong castle. Granvelle says there is no likelihood of the Turk sending more men thither this year; but a secretary of King Ferdinand's says that a bassha is arrived with 5,000 horsemen, and more are to follow. Granvelle says that the French king sends Mons. de Longueval to meet Count Guillaume of Furstenbergh, believing that the Count and his men come to serve the French king. Spyre, 7 May 1544.
	Hol., pp. 7. Add. Endd.
7 May.	479. Chr. Mont to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., ix. 667.	It is settled that the money promised to the Emperor for the French war shall be raised in the old way; and for some days there has been treaty about pacifying the religious controversy and setting up the judgment of the Chamber. The declaration made to the Protestants at Ratisbon in the year 1541, and confirmed by Ferdinand and the Emperor's commissioners at Spires in 1542, is now called in doubt, when the Protestants wish it included among the decrees of this Diet. The Emperor has nominated the electors Palatine and Brandenburg to quiet this dispute. The tribunal of the Chamber is a still greater difficulty; and Mont cannot see how these disputes can be soon settled. The Emperor has made a truce with the duke of Holstein about Denmark, but the Palatine is not included in it. Merchants of divers nations write that two Turkish pachas are hastening to Hungary with forces of 20,000 and 40,000 respectively; and the garrison now there is said to be 30,000. The duke of Savoy asks aid of the Empire against Barbarossa and the French king, mentioning that the Bishop of Rome lends him very slender assistance (described).
	When he departed, Henry enjoined the writer to attend the Diets in the Empire and notify what was done, but, in the past year, at the two assemblies of Nurenberg and this of Spires, he has learnt that his means are insufficient for the expense entailed. Begs relief. Spires, 7 May 1544.
	Lat. Hol., pp. 3. Add. Endd.
7 May.	480. The Emperor's Declaration against the Scots.
R. O.	Precept of Charles V. to the count du Reulx, chevalier of his Order, and governor of his countries of Flanders, Artois, Lille, Douay and Orchies, to make proclamation that the Emperor declares enemies the subjects of Scotland, who, having always been received as friends in the Low Countries in pursuance of ancient treaties, have made a close alliance with the king of France (whom the Emperor and the King of England have declared to be their common enemy, both on account of his injustice to them and his alliance with the Turks) and, coming under colour of trading, have pillaged English ships at sea and brought them prisoners into the Emperor's havens and have there seized English merchandise, contrary both to the treaties with Scotland and to the treaty of close and perpetual alliance which the Emperor has with the King of England. They are forbidden to haunt the Emperor's dominions, notably the Low Countries, their goods there will be confiscated, and henceforth they and their goods, if taken by the Emperor's men, will be considered good prize. And the Emperor's subjects are forbidden to haunt Scotland or favour the Scots. "Donne en notre ville de Bruxelles soubz notre contreseel, etc.; mis en placcart le vij^e jour du mois de Mai 1544."
	French. Copy, pp. 3. Endd.
R. O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 87a.]	2. Earlier draft (fn. n8) of the preceding, differently worded but to the same effect, except that the seizure of English goods within the Emperor's ports is not mentioned.
	Fr. Modern transcript of the original minute at Vienna, pp. 2. With marginal note in the original that this is to guard honesty towards the Scots and demonstrate that the treaties with them are not broken without sufficient cause.
8 May.	481. Lisle to Paget.
R. O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 86.]	Has no news to write but of the stout cardinal, who showed himself in the field against the King's army, having chosen himself a strong ground across a river which had a narrow passage. He backed two slings and three serpentines, with 5,000 or 6,000 fighting men, "besides the multitude of rascals and peasants wherewith the country was furnished"; but "when he saw the vaward march down towards him, and that he might perceive they had great devotion to wet their shoes to come to his holiness, like a valiant champion, he gave his horse the spurs and turned his back (fn. n9), and was fain to leave his ordnance behind him; yet he tarried till we came within shooting distance of our hakes. He was apparelled, as it hath been reported sithens to my lord Lieutenant and me, in a frock of yellow velvet, cut and pulled out with white tinsel sarcenet." There was another passage at the town of Lieth where certain pieces of ordnance did us displeasure; but, after being "dispatched of that place," the vaward marched straight to the other passage, by which the army must pass to Lieth. Lost two or three men in the approach, but compelled the Scots to leave their ordnance; and there the writer stayed the vaward until the battle came in. Paget would not believe what good order the men kept that day, being their first march, and they newly come from the seas. Begs him to show the King that he has rigged the Sallamander and the Unicorne for him, which are two princely ships, the latter about equal to the Mynyon, and the Sallamander "as much as the Great Galley or within very little, and fully as long." Laded their bellies with great cannon shot of iron. Soldiers and mariners have "made their hands here," getting pillage worth 10,000l. amongst them. This town might be made very strong and has no hill nigh to hurt it; and all the country would be glad to be the King's subjects. The despatch to the King shows the rest of their proceedings and intention. Commendations to lord Wriothesley, and "to all my lords and friends." Scribbled at Lieth, 8 May.
	Pp. 2. Modern transcript of a contemporary copy at Vienna, where there is also a French translation of the letter.
8 May.	482. The Queen of Hungary to Chapuys.
R. O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 87.]	Since her letters of the 22nd ult., of which she sent the copy to the Emperor, she has received letters from the Emperor, of the 29th, commanding her to furnish the declaration against Scotland without more delay, so as to satisfy the King of England. Has therefore made it as in the copy (fn. n10) herewith, with which the King ought to be satisfied, as the Scots are declared enemies; and, although the narrative does not altogether conform to the minute which was delivered there to Chapuys, (fn. n11) it is made in order to justify the declaration, and yet excuse the sending into Scotland to make defiance, as honour would require if it were not founded upon hostilities by the Scots to the Emperor's countries contrary to the ancient treaties. Thought this best, so as not to delay the declaration under colour of sending the defiance into Scotland. Chapuys shall feel how the English take it. The Emperor is not yet out of hope of treating with the duke of Holstein, so that, until the deputies of Denmark leave Spires, the King need not be further moved to make the declaration against the Duke.
	Has advertised the English ambassador here how, some days ago, a herald of France came to the gates of Cambray requiring a passport to her with letters. The captain of the town refused passport, but offered to deliver the letters and send the answer to him at the "Chastellet de Gouy." The letters are from the Admiral of France (copy herewith) and, as they concern the King of England and his subjects as much as the subjects here, she desires the King's advice whether assurance should be given for the fishing, not only for subjects of France and this country, but comprising in it the subjects of England, and that the said assurance should extend also against the Scots, otherwise it would be useless; moreover, assurance on the side of France should be such as could be trusted. Has also advertised the Emperor of this, and will be ruled by their two Majesties. True it is that in the year '42 the Admiral of France made like overture, but of another kind, viz., each fisherman paying a certain sum of money; and, because he demanded it even when the fishery of those here was over and they had been constrained to arm themselves, assurance to the French fishermen was refused. Now subjects of both aides would profit by it. Chapuys shall learn the King's resolution, assuring him that in this as in all other things she would touch nothing without his consent.
	Has caught a traitor of France named La Chapelle, who was going about the country seeking news to write into France and accuses an Italian dwelling in Antwerp, named Octavian Bos, of having great intelligence in France and having gone into England to get news for him (La Chapelle). Advertised the Deputy of Calais, who wrote back to the English ambassador here that Octavian was already gone into England. If Octavian can be trapped, he ought to be questioned when he was last in France and whether, since October, he has not been at St. Jehan de Nemours, near Fontaine de Bleau, where he delivered letters to the Sieur de Vendome; for La Chapelle, with whom he is accustomed to lodge at La Chievre d'Or in Malines, says that he was present at the delivery of the said letters, and that Octavian went into England to get news to send into France by his (La Chapelle's) means; and Chapuys shall have him questioned about all those here who can send news into France.
	The Comte de Reulx has written that the Sieur de St. Martin, mentioned in Chapuys's letters to the Emperor of the 13tb ult., was at the camp of the English while they were with De Reulx at the Boullonois (where they made great spoil and got good booty) and the English captain gave out that he was the King of England's servant, and would do good service to the King; but De Reulx could not believe it, he being a great friend (fort bien venu) of the Sieur de Bies, who (De Reulx did not know of the practice) knew well that he frequented the English, and De Reulx reckoned that he might deceive them. It is dangerous, under colour of his practice to let him converse so much with the English, and it is to be feared that the French will make profit of the practice. Chapuys is to speak of it confidentially, upon opportunity.
	Fr. Modern transcript of the original minute at Vienna, pp. 4. Original headed: A l'ambassadeur Chapuys, du viii de May 1544.
9 May.	483. Hertford, Lisle and Sadler to Henry VIII.
Add. MS. 32,654, f. 179. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 233.	As Hertford and the army marched on Wednesday last towards Edinburgh, a herald and trumpet from the provost and council of the town met them, offering to open their gates upon trust that their lives and goods would be spared. Hertford said he took their former answer, that unless he would capitulate they would resist, as final, and would now do as he thought good,—asking whether they would deliver the castle? The herald answered that the castle was out of their power, but they would deliver the town. Told him to return and tell the Provost and Council that, if they would avoid man, woman and child out of the town and come to meet him and submit themselves, he would do as he saw cause. Soon after, as Hertford neared the town, the Provost and others came to him and required favour, as the town should be delivered without resistance. Answered as before; but, as they pressed for the safety of their town, Hertford told them to return and deliver the keys and they should have the more favour, as he would declare at his coming to the gates.
	Supposed that they would thus yield the town; but, instead, the inhabitants of one or two houses in the suburbs raised fire and great smoke in their houses and the town prepared to resist. Describes how the lord Admiral and the foreward then marched through the suburbs and attacked the principal port, being an iron gate fortified with men and ordnance; how, in the confusion of the attack, lord William was slightly wounded in the cheek by one of his own side; how the gate was blown open with a culverin and the Scots fled with the loss of 120 or 140 slain; and how, against orders, the gunners attacked the castle, which replied with cannon and slew some, and dismounted one of their pieces. Hertford then caused Mr. Lee and the surveyor of Calais, to view the castle; who pronounced it impregnable, as there is no cover under which to approach it and the ground, being hard rock, could not be trenched, and the castle walls seem so strong that the shot which Sir Chr. Morres made, for almost two hours, nothing impaired them. Withdrew the artillery and burst the piece that was dismounted (the place being too dangerous for men to stand to mount it again), and set fire to the town in sundry parts. A great panic thereupon arose, and the soldiers, flying out of the town, were crushed in the gate, and, but for the smoke which hid them from the castle, many would have been shot. With much ado this was appeased, and, having made a jolly fire and smoke upon the town and lost 20 men, the soldiers returned here to camp.
	Yesterday the wardens of the East and Middle Marches arrived with 4,000 horsemen. To-day Hertford has again visited Edinburgh, which had chosen a new provost, and "rampared" the chief port with stone and earth; but the assault was quickly handled, the gate set open with artillery, and the town won again, with slaughter of 400 or 500 Scots, and loss of but 7 of our men. The King's commission is now well executed, for the town and abbey of Holyrodehouse is in manner wholly burnt and desolate, which, by reason of the shot of the castle, was a more dangerous enterprise than has been supposed. Standing upon the hill without, to view the burning, the writers could hear "the women and poor miserable creatures of the town" cry out upon the Cardinal in these words "Wa worth the, Cardinall!"
	The horsemen have burnt the country within 5 miles' compass, and gotten much cattle, money and plate. Sir Nic. Poyntz and others have this day crossed the water and burnt Kyngcorn, a very good town, and villages thereabouts. Will so devaste this realm and annoy the King's enemies as to make the punishment of their falsehood an example to the world; and then, in returning home by land, Hertford will execute the rest of his charge. Leghe, 9 May. Signed.
	Pp. 6. Add. Endd.: 1544.
9 May.	484. Hertford to the Council.
Add. MS. 32,654, f. 183. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 234.	According to their letters, sends bearer, the surveyor of Calais, to the King. Commends his good service in their journey. Legh, 9 May. Signed.
	P.S. in Hertford's hand.—Bearer can show the King vively what has been done here, "and when Mr. Le, that was surveyor, shall come, the King's Majesty shall know the rest."
	P. 1. Add. Endd.: 1544.
9 May.	485. Chamberlain to Paget.
R. O.	This day received of Mr. Laighton, the ambassador here, a box with the King's "procuration and letter of reteindure for Mons. de Buren" which he immediately delivered. Conjectures from his receiving no letter therewith that Paget thought him returned according to last advice from the Council. Cannot leave, because he has not the money to discharge Buren by 600 florins, although he has borrowed of Andwarpe merchants 160l. Fl. and given it in part payment to Buren, who desires that the muster masters may come furnished with ready money. Buren departs today to Andwarpe, and so to the mustering place, leaving Chamberlain a remembrance to send the money after him. Was advised by the Council to take the money for Buren from John Broke of Callais, and has sent to Andwarpe and into Zelant and Holland after him, but has yet no answer. Is called upon, both by Buren and by the merchants of whom he borrowed, to repay in 10 days; who say they need the money to satisfy other the King's agents "of money by exchange past them out of England." Begs that order may be taken in this. Occurents are unimportant, save that "daily they pick up spies; here was yesterday ij taken, an Italian and a Spaignard. Bruxelles, 9 May 1544.
	Hol., pp. 3. Add. Endd.
9 May.	486. Cardinal Du Bellay to the Emperor's Confessor.
R. O.	Gabriel Gusmanus, a Dominican, student of theology, who lately came to the Chancery of Paris to show the causes of his absence, so as not to be excluded from the number of the candidates, said he had seen the Diet of Spiers and spoken with you, and that you affirmed that you would willingly have consulted with me for peace had I come to the Diet seeking peace. He added that you were zealous for the commonwealth of Christendom and would be pleased to hear from me about things which might serve the common weal. I consider Gusmanus a good man, and have a certain confidence in him since the former war which the Emperor waged in Narbonne, when he and the learned Malvenda undertook with me (then governing Paris for the King), the defence of their citizens. I therefore agreed that I would thank you for your good opinion and show you the causes of the journey which I undertook to Spiers. What were then the offices (provincia) of myself and my colleagues, and what mission we had from the King, are now known to everyone; for, when we were not received at Spiers, we sent to the Orders of the Empire, at our leaving Nancy, the things which we had been forbidden to declare in person, and that writing showed by its moderation that our coming would have made for peace. Expresses at some length, his belief that, had they been suffered to come to Spires, peace would have followed and the subsequent troubles, including the victory at Carinian (which is likely to have momentous consequences) would have been avoided. Is himself ready to do anything for the sake of peace. Ex Sammauriano, nostro secessu ad Lutetiam Parisiorum, die nono mensis Maii anno 1544.
	P.S.—Has by chance found one of the duke of Lorraine's household returning to his master, who can carry this safely, and also bring an answer.
	Lat. Copy, pp. 3. Endd.: Copia de una carta del Car^al Bellaio al confessor del Emperador.
10 May.	487. Henry VIII. to the Queen of Hungary.
	The letter noticed as of this date in Spanish Calendar VII., No. 90, is of the 18th May. See No. 526.
10 May.	488. Henry VIII. to the Viceroy of Sicily.
R. O.	Thanks for continual affection towards Henry and his affairs, as reported by his ambassador with the Emperor and by Mons. de Chantoney.
	French. Draft in Paget's hand, p. 1. Endd.: My. The K. Ma^te to the visroy of Sicille, x^o Maii.
10 May.	489. William Belton.
R. O.	Receipt, headed "Ulvescrofte," given 10 May 36 Hen. VIII. by Wm. Belton, clk., for his half year's salary due at Annunciation last, from George Gyffard, 3l. Signed.
	Small slip, p. 1.
10 May.	490. Chamberlain to Paget.
R. O.	Yesterday, by Mr. Wutton's man, received the King's "procuration and letters of reteindure" for Mons. de Bueren, and wrote to Paget by Nicholas the post who departed the same hour. Bueren gives humble thanks for the King's continual benevolence, and is this day departed to levy his soldiers, leaving the writer a remembrance where to send him the money. Mr. Wutton's man said that the post from Andwarpe was despatched towards me before him, who is not yet come, and from Broke of Callais I have no answer. The merchants of whom I borrowed, to repay here within 10 days, call earnestly for it; so that to-morrow I go to Andwarpe to see if the merchants will let me have the money I owe them and as much more to despatch Mons. de Bueren (by exchange, to pay in England) and will then repair homewards. If that fail, I must leave all undone and come away. Bruxelles, 10 May 1544.
	Hol., pp. 2. Add. Scaled. Endd.
10 May.	491. John Broke to Layton.
R. O.	Has this Saturday received his letter, with that from the King's Council and another enclosed in it, all sent herewith. Received, of Mr. Damisell, 1,000l. on 30 April to prest 200 hoys, which scantly will suffice to pay their half month. Encloses "this letter" directed to Thos. Gigges, so that if thereby he receives 400l. as the Council's letter seems to import, Layton may forward it; for if the writer comes himself his "business should stay." If the Council have not provided money for the 100 more hoys and playtes, begs him to get it; for the 1,000l. received will scant pay the 200 for their half month, and many "grudge to serve because they receive not whole month's wages." Begs him to advertise the Council that the following are now prested, viz., 18 for Dover, 18 for Sandwich, 6 for Ramsgate, 10 for Margate, 8 for Rye, 6 for Winchilsee, 5 for Hythe, 10 for Folston, 43 for Ipsewhich. They are from 110 tons down to 35 tons "for lack of other," and will carry, one with another, 30 or 35 horses. Cannot find sufficient hoys and playtes, and will be fain to take "craviell ships and cogge bootes." Begs to have the money for the 100 more sent to Dort or Amsterdam. Need not answer Mr. Chambreleyn, whom Layton may show that he can have no money from the writer, who lacks it himself. You will perceive by the Council's letter that they have sent me other letters, which I never received. If he should come to Layton or to Andwarpe for the money he could not take up the 200 in the time appointed. Sends the ducat which Layton disbursed "for a placarte." Begs him to return an answer and the enclosed letter in all haste. Middilborowe, 10 May.
	Hol., pp. 2. Add.:"To the right honorable lord deane of Yorke, the Kinges Ma^ties ambassadour w^t the Quene of Hongarie." Endd.:1544.