Venice: September 1525 | British History Online

Calendar of State Papers Relating To English Affairs in the Archives of Venice, Volume 3, 1520-1526. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1869.

'Venice: September 1525', in Calendar of State Papers Relating To English Affairs in the Archives of Venice, Volume 3, 1520-1526, (London, 1869) pp. 475-488. British History Online https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/venice/vol3/pp475-488 [accessed 18 April 2024]

September 1525



Sept. 2 Lettere del Collegio (Secreta). File no. 9.	1104. The Doge and College to Lorenzo Orio, Venetian Ambassador in England.
	By the Emperor's order the prothonotary Caracciolo has quitted Milan for Venice.
	The Duke of Milan improves daily in health. The united Imperial army is for the most part in the territory of Vercelli and thereabouts, and expect a reinforcement of 5,000 lansquenets [a fact in direct contradiction of what they had heard from the Court of the Emperor, who was said to have dismissed the lansquenets hitherto in his service in Italy]. (fn. 1) The Duke of Bourbon is at Vercelli, and announces that he shall soon depart, to embark for the Imperial Court. The Imperial fleet which is coming to take him has been seen off Toulon. Will announce the result, as usual, to the King and Cardinal.
	Have received advices that in the county of the Tyrol a great number of peasants have again risen, and are under Trent, battering the castle, which is held by the Bishop with some 700 infan try including those in the castle and in the town.
	Are also informed that about 25,000 peasants have risen in Germany, and under a certain commander are marching to join those now besieging the Bishop of Gurk [at Salzburg].
	The Signory's letters from Constantinople, dated the 19th, announce that the Grand Turk (Signor Turco) had beheaded the Aga of the Janissaries, and many of the Janissaries were also put to death for the insurrection, as notified heretofore.
	To announce all these facts to the King and Cardinal as usual.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 3. Sanuto Diaries, v. xxxix. p. 334.	1105. Lorenzo Orio to the Doge and Signory.
	Details many negotiations between King Henry and the French ambassadors and Cardinal Wolsey concerning the peace and understanding between them. Finally, by his letter of the 3rd September, announces having been told by the Cardinal that peace is concluded between France and the King of England; they are friends of friends, and foes of foes. Both parties have mentioned the Signory as their ally and good friend. The agreement was to be proclaimed on the 6th. They purpose sending to the Emperor to tell him to release the King of France for a sum of money, as it is not reasonable that he should remain a prisoner. The Signory likewise is to make a similar intimation to the Emperor, protesting that unless this release be effected, they cannot do otherwise than wage war on him.
	In other letters to the Council of Ten, concerning the league in course of negotiation with the Pope, Orio mentions that the Cardinal said the Signory ought to conclude it, and that he would be the chief champion of the league, and not allow the Emperor to come into Italy with an army for his coronation.
	The College therefore immediately forwarded the English advices concerning the league and the peace with France to the Signory's ambassador at Rome, for communication to the Pope.
	London, 27th, 29th, and 30th August and 3rd September. Registered by Sanuto, 22nd September.
	Note by Sanuto. —Richard Pace, the English ambassador, lately returned from Padua to Venice in ill health, and chose again to reside in the Ca di San Marco, on the island of S. Giorgio Maggiore.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 4. Sanuto Diaries, v. xxxix. p. 334.	1106. The Same to the Same.
	Has conversed with the Cardinal, who told him that the peace with France would be proclaimed on the 6th, and that he was sending letters in the King's name to the Pope, urging him to exhort the Emperor to release the most Christian King. The Cardinal said that the best thing would be to conclude the Italian league with France, most especially as France offered so to do, and that his King would do the like for the benefit of Italy, lest the Emperor render himself her monarch, on which account the King of England made peace with France.
	London, 4th September. Registered by Sanuto on the 22nd.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 5. Lettere del Collegio (Secreta).File no. 9.	1107. The Doge and College to Lorenzo Orio, Venetian Ambassador in England.
	The Duke of Milan has had a relapse, and is in great danger. The matter is of very great importance by reason of what might befall the duchy, especially as the reinforcement of lansquenets mentioned in their last has by forced marches already descended into the Milanese. The Marquis of Pescara, moreover, has been lately to confer with the Magnifico Morone at Pavia, it is said, about the affair of the 100,000 ducats which the Duke is bound to disburse to the Emperor forthwith for his investiture.
	Feel bound to announce these particulars to the King and Cardinal, whose extreme wisdom and prudence will judge of what importance the Duke's death would be when coupled with the increase of the Imperial forces. As the King and Cardinal have at heart the affairs of Italy, rely on their favouring her security. The Duke of Bourbon is still at Vercelli, and the report of his going shortly to Genoa is credited, the Imperial fleet having arrived at Savona for his conveyance to Spain.
	The peasants who were besieging Salzburg had engaged the army of the nobility, commanded by D. Nicolò Salma, and been victorious. The peasants who rose lately towards Trent are understood to have been pacified.
	Arrival in Venice today of the prothonotary Caracciolo, who, as already mentioned, has been sent by the Emperor. Will write an account to him (Orio) of all that takes place.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 8. Sanuto Diaries, v. xxxix. pp. 302, 303.	1108. Letter from Milan.
	According to letters from Lyons, dated 6th August, the truce between Madame [Louise] and the King of England has been concluded for three years, and between Madame and the Emperor for six months. In France certain men-at-arms and the lansquenets are being disbanded, and the like will be done with the Italians.
	The Duke of Bourbon was at Pavia on the 8th, and was to depart on the morrow on his way to embark at Savona.
	The truce made between the Emperor, France, England, the Infant, and Madame Margaret has arrived (e venuta); it is to commence on the 11th instant, and to end on the 1st of January next.
	Milan, 8th September. Registered by Sanuto, 12th September.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 9. Sanuto Diaries, v. xxxix. p. 301.	1109. Marc' Antonio Venier to the Doge and Signory.
	The sea disagreeing with the Duchess of Alençon, she quitted the galley at Marseilles, and proceeded to Spain by land.
	The English ambassadors would not consent to the mention of Scotland in the truce, so the most Christian King promised to obtain the English King's approval, and thus the truce was signed.
	The Duke of Milan is better; so the Duke of Bourbon is moving to Savona to embark on board the fleet for his passage to Spain, and the Marquis of Pescara is going to Vercelli.
	Milan, 9th September. Registered by Sanuto on the 12th.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 9. Sanuto Diaries, v. xl. p. 17.	1110. Lorenzo Orio to the Doge and Signory.
	The peace has been concluded between the King of England and France; it was negotiated in London by Dom. Giovanni Gioachino, and a reply is awaited from Madame the Regent, whether she approves of the clauses as they stand. It has been proclaimed in London, and sent for proclamation to Boulogne, Paris, and Rouen. They are expecting the ratification from the Regent. There remains a certain difference about 60,000 crowns on account of damages; and owing to the capture of three ships after the truce had been made, but before its publication, two judges, the Chancellor of London (fn. 2) for the King of England, and the Chancellor of Alençon for France, have been appointed to decide this question.
	Sir Gregory Casal is returning as ambassador to Rome.
	London, 9th September. Registered by Sanuto, 6th October.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 10. Sanuto Diaries, v. xl. p. 41.	1111. The Same to the Same.
	The Cardinal is very intent on the league.
	Mons. d'Aubigny, the brother-in-law of the Chancellor of Alençon, has arrived in London from Lyons as ambassador to the King. (fn. 3) He told him (Orio) that the Regent of France inclines towards the Italian alliance, and is sending the Duchess of Alencon to Spain to tell the most Christian King not to make terms with the Emperor, as the King of England would aid his release, and that she purposed sending troops into Italy, and an ambassador to the Signory. On hearing that the Duke of Ferrara was going to Spain, she expressed great surprise, saying, “Who gave him leave?” and intended to deny him passage through France.
	London, 10th September. Registered by Sanuto, 13th October.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 13. Cicogna copy of the Navagero Despatches.	1112. Andrea Navagero to the Council of Ten.
	The Emperor is at Segovia.
	The King of France for two days had constant fever, which then became double tertian ague; many say be is in danger. The Emperor has sent one of bis own physicians, and the Viceroy [De Lannoy] to him. Should he get worse, it is said the Emperor will go to him in person. It is also said that the Emperor will give his sister, the Queen of Portugal, to him for wife.
	The agent of the Duke of Bourbon, Mons. de Lursi, tells me that when he quitted the Emperor at Segovia to go to his master, he inquired whether his Majesty had anything to say to the Duke. The Emperor replied that the Duke would be welcome, and that he was anxious to see him, and to demonstrate the love he bore him. De Lursi rejoined that this was not his meaning, and that he wanted to know what he was to say about the marriage of the Emperor's sister. The Emperor replied that there was no occasion to mention the subject, as she was already the Duke's (perchè già era del Signor Duca), and that he would not break his promise should the Duke choose him to keep it. De Lursi had told him (Navagero) that the Duke would never change his mind, and had written to him frequently to inform the Emperor that he asks neither territory nor money, nor any other thing save his sister, whom he had so often promised; and that the Emperor always made the same answer, that he would never break his promise.
	Should this be true, De Lursi considers any agreement [with France] the more difficult, especially as unless Bourbon marry either the sister or the sister-in-law of the King of France (which would come to pass should the Emperor bestow the Queen of Portugal on the King) the Duke could not regain his territory; nor is it reasonable or credible that the Emperor would make any agreement without stipulating its restitution.
	A report is current that an agreement is already made between England and France; and Mons. de Montmorenci affirmed this to the Emperor with his own mouth; but the English ambassadors here [Sampson and Tunstall] deny it. They say they have lately received letters from their King, and declare not only that no agreement has taken place, but moreover that their King is ready to attack France whenever the Emperor chooses; and that the French circulated this false report for their own benefit. Many persons are of a different opinion, but this is what the English say.
	Toledo, 13th September 1525.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 14. Sanuto Diaries, v. xi. p. 41.	1113. Lorenzo Orio to the Doge and Signory.
	Went yesterday to — to see Cardinal Wolsey, who received him very lovingly. Communicated the advices received from the Signory. His Lordship said, “The Pope demands too much of France for making the league; he wants to have the kingdom [of Naples] for himself,”
	The Cardinal then said that it would be well to make the Italian league, with the insertion of three clauses; first, that the King of England will be the conservator of the Italian States; secondly, that he will oppose those who seek to obtain territory in Italy; thirdly, that he does not choose the French to have dominion in Italy.
	Letters have been received from Spain announcing the death of the Marquis of Brandenburg, the brother-in-law of the most Christian King (sic), who, riding in haste to see the said King, his brother-in-law, fell from his horse, and died in two days. Mons. de Buren, (fn. 4) the chief person in authority with the Emperor, had also died.
	The King is sending the Papal Auditor, Bishop of — [Worcester, Ghinucci], to encourage the Pope to make the league; but he will be preceded by Sir Gregory Casal, who is the Signory's friend, and will be more speedy than the Bishop.
	In the course of conversation the Cardinal told him (Orio) that the Pope was between the Datary [Giberti], the partisan of France, and the Archbishop of Capua [Schomberg], an Imperialist, so that it is not in his power to form such a decision as would be for the benefit of Italy.
	London, 14th September. Registered by Sanuto, 13th October.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 18. Lettere del Collegio Secreta, File no. 9.	1114. The Doge and College to Lorenzo Ohio, Ambassador in England.
	Having received no news from him since the 29th July, suspect his letters have miscarried. To send duplicates by way of France and Germany. To endeavour to learn whether besides the truce concluded lately between the Emperor, the most Christian King, and the King of England, there was any other understanding, public or secret, between France and England alone.
	The Prothonotary Caracciolo, together with the ambassador Sanchez, had audience of the Signory; and after presenting credentials from the Emperor, his reverend Lordship first gave assurance in the Emperor's name of the excellent will he bore the Signory. Next, limiting himself to details, he said the Emperor was well satisfied to ratify his confederacy with the State, but demanded the restitution of their estates to the outlaws, (fn. 5) and money in lieu of the infantry which the Signory are bound to supply for the confederation; also 120,000 ducats for payment of the Emperor's army here in Italy. Enclose a copy of their reply for the King and Cardinal. The Prothonotary Caracciolo did not seem satisfied.
	The Duke of Milan is recovering, but the physicians do not pronounce him out of danger. The Signory's ambassador has frequently insisted on visiting his Excellency, but hitherto none except his usual intimates have been admitted.
	The Duke of Bourbon quitted Parma lately, proceeding by way of Lomelina to Saona for embarkation on his projected voyage.
	The 2,000 (sic) lansquenets who lately entered Italy to re-inforce the Imperial army are in the Ghiara d'Adda; but they, are ordered to cross the Po and join the Imperialists, who are quartered in Piedmont and the neighbouring territory.
	By letters from Constantinople, dated 9th August, are informed that within a fortnight the Magnifico Ibrahim Pasha was expected from Cairo with a large sum of gold. The Grand Turk (Signor Turco) has ordered him a most honorable reception in a new and unusual form. It is said that great news will be heard on his arrival at Constantinople.
	The Rev. Richard Pace, being lately at Padua, was seized with a nervous (fastidiosa) disorder, which deprived him of sleep; so he determined to come to Venice, where he has been for the last week. The Signory being very anxious for his welfare and health, both as the representative of the King of England, and also by reason of his own most worthy qualities, did not fail to send him physicians, &c. whilst at Padua, by means of the governors there; and subsequently at Venice did whatever could conduce to his recovery, and will continue so to do. At this present, by God's grace, he is in a very good state; and they hope he will soon recover his former health. [To impart this to the King, and should he (Orio) think fit, to the Cardinal likewise,] (fn. 6) giving the Signory notice of the execution of this order by letter.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 21. Cicogna copy of Navagero's Despatches, in the Correr Museum. (fn. 7)	1115. Andrea Navagero to the Council of Ten.
	During the last few days the King of France became much worse, so that the Viceroy and the physicians in attendance on him sent an express to the Emperor, saying they did not expect him to live more than a few hours, and that if he, the Emperor, meant to come, he should do so immediately. The Emperor had already quitted Segovia, and received the intelligence at a distance of some six leagues from Madrid, whither he rode post immediately.
	On his arrival he found the King dozing, and did not choose him to be roused, but waited until he awoke of himself. He then entered the chamber, and they told the King that it was the Emperor himself.
	When the Emperor approached the bed the King endeavoured to raise himself as well as he could, and embraced the Emperor, saying in French, “Emperor, my lord, here am I, thy servant and slave.”
	The Emperor replied that he was not such, but his good friend and brother; that he hoped the King would be such to him; that he was also to be cheerful, and to think of nothing but his recovery, because on the arrival of the Duchess of Alençon good peace would ensue between them, as he (the Emperor) only required what was fair, and supposed that the King on his part would not fail to do what was right, and would, therefore, be soon at liberty.
	The King said that it was for the Emperor to command, as he could but obey.
	Heard this narrative from trustworthy persons who were present at the interview; and these words and a few others having been said, the Emperor departed.
	That night the King seemed to improve greatly. On the morrow, the 19th. the Emperor visited him again, and used fair and loving language to comfort him, telling him that he (the Emperor) was returning to Toledo. The King made answer that he had already confessed and communicated, and did not know what would become of him; that though he rather expected to die, at any rate he recommended himself to his Majesty; that if he lived he would be the Emperor's good servant, but, should he die, he besought the Emperor not to take more from his children than was right, and to protect them should they be wronged by anyone.
	The Emperor comforted him as well as he could, telling him to attend to his recovery, and that he (the Emperor) would never fail to do his duty. He then quitted the chamber, and whilst walking about the castle, the Duchess of Alençon arrived. The Emperor went to meet her, and found her in tears, ascending the stairs. He embraced and kissed her, and after saying a few words, took her into the King's chamber and left her there. He then mounted on horseback, and went to a place distant two leagues from Madrid; and late on the next day, the 20th, he arrived at Toledo, where many persons are of opinion that the King of France pretended to be worse than he was, in order that the Emperor might go and see him. Amongst those who entertain this belief is the Chancellor, who affirms the fact, and says the Emperor did very wrong to go there, but that having chosen to go, he ought immediately to have released the King. The Chancellor says this by reason of his intense hatred to the French, but through a sure channel I know the King to have been most grievously ill, and that he is not yet out of danger.
	The silver and gold cannon sent to the Emperor from the Indies by Hernando Cortes, the governor of those regions, about which so much has been said lately, has arrived at the Court; it is accompanied by a live tiger. Has seen both one and the other. The animal is not a tiger, as they call it, but a panther, and a very beautiful beast. The piece of artillery is about the size of a demiculverin, and very well made, but it does not seem to be made of silver or of gold, but of a certain mixture inferior to tin; if silver, it is very base (molto basso) and worth little; but now that it has been seen, those who wish still to keep it in the repute which it enjoyed before its arrival, say it is of silver, but not worth more than three ducats the mark. It is said that, together with these things, the Emperor has received many other presents, besides 63,000 gold pieces, which are less than 63,000 ducats.
	By the caravel which brought these things for the Emperor, Hernando Cortes has sent to his wife, whom he lately married in Spain (and choosing her to be of illustrious birth, he took her without any dower, and she has not yet been sent to him), 25,000 ducats, and 1,500 ounces of plate, for her outfit, all of which have for the present been sequestrated. It is supposed in Spain that Hernando Cortes appropriates everything to himself (usurpi ogni cosa), and sends the Emperor but little; for which reason (I hear on good authority, though they keep it very secret), they are to send out another governor, namely, the Admiral of the Indies, a man who is esteemed and wealthy, the son of Christopher. (fn. 8) I do not believe that the business is yet settled, because a messenger has arrived at Toledo from Hernando Cortes, announcing in the name of his master, that he had obtained information about certain cities at no great distance from the place where he then was; that they were very powerful, and their kings very wealthy and at war with each other; that some of them had demanded aid from him, Hernando, which if granted, he should subdue the whole of that country—a feat beyond comparison much geater than any effected by him hitherto; but, should the Emperor choose him to assume this undertaking, he demands permission to defray its cost with the money hitherto sent from thence to Spain, as it would yield very great honour and profit.
	The hope of so great a result may perhaps cause Hernando Cortes to be retained in his post.
	On the 2nd of May a fleet of 24 sail quitted Seville for the Indies. Advices have been received announcing its arrival at Hispaniola on the 2nd of June—a fine passage, for the distance from Seville to the Canaries is 300 leagues, and from thence to Hispaniola 900, in all 4,800 miles.
	Another fleet of 28 sail, bound for another part of the Indies, is also in readiness at Seville, and, according to report, it will depart in 15 or 20 days.
	The captain of this fleet is one Sebastian Cabot, (fn. 9) a Venetian; he is going to make new discoveries, and in Spain their hopes of these Indies increase daily, and they think about them more and more, and believe that they will at length obtain the spices (le spiciarie) likewise by that track, and by a much shorter voyage than the one performed by the ship Victory.
	Toledo, 21st September 1525.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 22. Sanuto Diaries, v. xl. p. 109.	1116. Lorenzo Orio to the Doge and Signory.
	Sir Gregory Casal being about to depart for Italy, went to dine with him. Casal showed him his commission, to go first to France, to urge the Italian league. He says that, according to the secret commission, the King of England will give 25,000 ducats monthly for the expenses of the war, and be the conservator of the league. In two days the Papal Auditor [Ghinucci] will depart, and is in like manner going to Rome.
	The Cardinal is expected at Richmond, where Orio will visit him.
	Dated 22nd September. Registered by Sanuto, 28th October.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 23. Sanuto Diaries, v. xxxix. p. 338.	1117. Reply of the College to the Ambassador in England.
	Will do their utmost, through the Venetian ambassador in Spain, to effect the release of the most Christian King. The league with France has rather cooled. Thank the King and Cardinal for the conferences held with their ambassador.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 23. Lettere del Collegio Secreta. File no. 9.	1118. The Doge and College to Lorenzo Orio, Ambassador in England.
	Yesterday morning received his of the 27th and 30th ultimo and 3rd and 4th instant. Are extremely satisfied with his diligence and assiduity.
	Are far above all pleased by the loving communication made to him by the Cardinal concerning the peace signed and sealed between the King of England and the most Christian King and the kingdom of France, together with the honorable mention of the Signory as comprised in it by both parties. To present himself to the King and Cardinal, congratulate them on the conclusion of the peace, and return thanks for the inclusion of the Signory by the King as his confederate.
	To extol their holy purpose of using the influence which they possess to reconcile all the Christian powers, especially the Emperor and the most Christian King, and of endeavouring to obtain the latter's release, so that he and his resources may be available for the present need of Christendom, as sagely hinted by the Cardinal. To offer them everything in the Signory's power to aid their laudable purpose. In accordance with the Cardinal's suggestions, will write to the Venetian ambassador at the Emperor's Court to do his utmost for the release of the most Christian King.
	Finally, to offer the Cardinal whatever can redound to the profit, honour, and increase of that most powerful Crown, and of his right reverend Lordship.
	Will comply with the Cardinal's earnest exhortation with regard to the alliance between Italy and France. France had apparently somewhat suspended the desire demonstrated by her for its conclusion, although the Pope sent several envoys and wrote frequent letters urging the transmission of a mandate to settle the business, and the Regent and kingdom of France were made acquainted with the Signory's firm resolve. To make this statement to the Cardinal, praying him to persevere in his most Christian purpose.
	Touching the Signory's negotiation with the Prothonotary Caracciolo, after the reply given by them, Caracciolo wrote to the Emperor, and is awaiting an answer before presenting himself again to the Signory. For some days he has kept his bed from fever.
	Having found in Orio's packet a parcel of letters for Sir Gregory Casal, delivered in Cardinal Wolsey's name for transmission, and understanding his right reverend Lordship was desirous that they should be sent to Rome with the utmost speed, forwarded them instantly express by one of the Signory's messengers (uno nostro cavallaro), limiting him to two days' time for their consignment to the Venetian ambassador at Rome, to whom they have written desiring him to see to their delivery in all safety. To announce this to the Cardinal in proof of their wish to do whatever may be agreeable to him.
	Concerning affairs in Germany, understand that in the county of Ferrete (fn. 10) 15,000 peasants have again risen, and the Archduke [Ferdinand] has sent a large number of horse and foot to quell them.
	The Spanish forces in Italy are in their usual quarters; nor is it heard that they purpose moving.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 24. Copy of the Navagero Despatches, Correr Museum.	1119. Andrea Navagero to the Council of Ten.
	The King of France is much worse, and news of his death rather than of any improvement is expected hourly. The whole Court is disturbed, as this event would disconcert all its projects. The Emperor, having a soul which is neither much elevated by any good fortune that may befall him, nor depressed by adversity, (fn. 11) says, “Dominus dedit, dominus abstulit” and declares that he is more sorry for the King himself than on any other account.
	On the 22nd news came that he was a little better; then yesterday morning several posts brought word that he was at the point of death; subsequently, in the evening, a messenger arrived saying that the physicians had still some hope, having discovered that he had an abscess in the head which caused such depression as to make it appear that he was dying; this, although a very dangerous disorder, was less discouraging than to see him at the last extremity. This morning likewise it is confirmed that he is a little better, but fresh couriers arrive hourly, some saying one thing and some another.
	It is certain that he is very ill, and if he lives he will do much.
	After the Emperor's return from Madrid he determined to press (stringer) the negotiation with England, and on the 22nd sent for the English ambassadors. They remained the whole of that day in consultation and made their proposals, concerning which on the morrow the Emperor sat in Council until the first hour of the night; and it is believed that the matter will very soon be decided. Hears that they mean to make a new league and ally themselves more closely than ever, and that the King of England is content to release the Emperor from his promise given to marry the Princess Mary.
	The Imperialists are of opinion that this close alliance with England will greatly facilitate their adjustment of French affairs—should the King live—and no less in the event of his death. They also expect it to dissipate the league said to be forming in Italy, and consider it a good device for intimidating all parties; so they urge its conclusion in order that it may be known speedily, and on the arrival of the Duchess of Alençon at Toledo the whole will be settled.
	Toledo, 24th September 1525.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 24. Copy of the Navagero Despatches, Correr Museum.	1120. Andrea Navagero to the Council of Ten.
	Spoke to the Nuncio [Castiglione] about the report that the Italian powers had formed a league against the Emperor. The Nuncio replied that the Imperialists throw the blame on the Pope, and maintain that he is at the head of it, whereas in fact he alone thwarted it. Of this the Nuncio said the Emperor was aware; for many days ago he informed the Emperor in the Pope's name that the Pope had been requested to negotiate this league, and by whom, but that his Holiness would not do so—that, on the contrary, he intended always to be the firm ally of the Emperor. Endeavoured to ascertain from the Nuncio who was the person said by him to have requested the Pope to form this league, but could elicit nothing. Subsequently the Florentine ambassador [Giovanni Corsi] told him that the Nuncio had shown him a letter from the Archbishop of Capua in which, amongst other things, were the following words: “The Signory of Venice still braves it, and reproaches the Pope with having been too hasty in allying himself with the Emperor.”
	Continuing his efforts to discover the person thus denounced by the Pope to the Emperor, heard on very good authority that the Pope says he was requested by the King of England, who now seeks by all means to unite Italy against the Emperor.
	The Imperialists have announced this to the King of England, and he, on the other hand, accuses the Pope; so that one does not know whom to believe, nor can the truth be learnt, save by the result.
	Toledo, 24th September 1525.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 26. Sanuto Diaries, v. xxxix. p. 351.	1121. Marco Foscari to the Doge and Signory.
	The Pope said to him that had he known of the peace made between England and France he would not have given leave to the Duke of Ferrara to go to Spain. The Duke promised him not to negotiate anything with the Emperor detrimental to the Papal States.
	The Pope further stated that he knew not how France could make a demonstration against the Emperor, Madame the Regent having sent her daughter the Duchess of Alençon to Spain, with a great part of the nobility of France, whose King was moreover the Emperor's prisoner. The Pope nevertheless exhorts the Signory not to settle with the Imperial ambassadors, and has answered the letters of the King of England, telling him that England is at a distance from Italy, whose borders join the territories of all the powers; adding, “If France and Switzerland would but unite with Italy!” He also said he was expecting his envoy the Datary [Giberto] from France, and that the King of England had written to him that he did not think it advisable at present to show himself the open enemy of the Emperor on account of the debt for the money which he lent him lately, and he is therefore desirous of being styled the conservator of the league.
	The Pope also said that the Emperor had written to the King of England that he will not make war on France at present by reason of the truce between the two crowns.
	Rome, 26th September. Registered by Sanuto on the 29th.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 27. Sanuto Diaries, v. xl. p. 2.	1122. Treaty between England and France.
	Proclamation of a treaty of peace between France and England. Place reserved for the confederates of the contracting parties, who are to announce their adhesion within four months from the day of the proclamation; the parties thus named by France being the Pope, the Kings of Scotland, Portugal, Hungary, and Navarre, the Signory of Venice, the Dukes of Savoy, Lorraine, Guelders, and Ferrara, the Switzers, and the Marquises of Montferrat and Ferrara.
	Lyons, 27th September 1525.
	Signed:“Louise.”
	Countersigned:“Robertet.”
	Registered by Sanuto, 1st October.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 28. Sanuto Diaries, v. xl. p. 109.	1123. Sir Gregory Casal to Canossa, Bishop of Bayeux, French Ambassador in Venice.
	Announces his arrival at Lyons, and that he had found the Regent and the Council well disposed towards the league. They are drawing up a certain writing, which Robertet will put into cipher and forward in two days or sooner.
	The English insist on the following articles:—
	The most Christian King to renounce his claims on Milan. To give 40,000 ducats per month for the expenses of the war. To furnish 500 spears in the French fashion and the fleet of galleys ready manned, both to be paid out of the 40,000 ducats. To fit out some ships at his own cost, and to make the Switzers march. The Duke of Milan to remain in his duchy, and pay an annual pension of 13,000 crowns to the Switzers.
	After obtaining the kingdom of Naples and routing the Imperialists, the League to aid the release of the most Christian King, and to give one of his kindred for wife to the Duke of Milan. In the event of the latter's death, the duchy of Milan to be inherited by Maximilian, his elder brother, now in France.
	Lyons, 28th September. Registered by Sanuto, 28th October.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 30. Deliberazioni Senato Secreta, v. 1. p. 162, tergo.	1124. The Doge and Senate to Andrea Navagero, Ambassador with the Emperor.
	By letters from their ambassador in England are informed Cardinal Wolsey had announced to him the conclusion of the new peace between his King and the most Christian King and France, both parties making honorable mention of the Signory. This peace was to be proclaimed in London on the 6th instant. The Cardinal expressed a desire on the part of the King and himself for the release of the most Christian King, for the benefit of the Christian religion. To effect this they were resolved to leave nothing untried, and would desire their ambassadors with the Emperor to press this upon him, and have their suit backed by the Legate Salviati, resident at the Imperial Court. This request would also be seconded by the French ambassador and other envoys accredited to the Emperor, and the Cardinal urged him (the Venetian ambassador) to write to the Signory, that when the Legate and the English ambassadors, with those of the other powers, present themselves to the Emperor for this purpose, the Venetian ambassador should accompany them. In compliance with the wishes of the King and Cardinal, desire him (Navagero) to acquaint the reverend English ambassadors with the satisfaction of the State at being included by their King in the new treaty of peace, and with the Signory's readiness to do whatever may be agreeable to England. When, therefore, the Papal Legate at the Imperial Court, with the ambassadors there —or the majority of them—present themselves to the Emperor to represent the general wish of the Christian powers—that the most Christian King be released—he (Navagero) is to accompany them, especially as by letters from Rome the Signory understands that, at the request of the King and Cardinal, the Pope has charged his Legate to perform this same office.
	P.S.—Should the Legate not go in person, he (Navagero) is to abstain in like manner, but is to acquaint the English ambassadors with the order received from the State, to present himself together with the Legate, according to the request of Cardinal Wolsey.
	Ayes, 193. Noes, 10. Neutrals, 5.
	[Italian.]
Sept. 30. Sanuto Diaries, v. xl. pp. 22, 23.	1125. Dom. Augustino Germanello to —, at Mantua.
	Fresh advices have reached Rome, confirming the peace between the King of England and the French. Has been told by La Fayette (el Foieta) that there were letters from Cardinal Wolsey to his ambassador at Rome, dated 9th September, telling him of this peace, of which he would send him the articles in his next, as they were not yet engrossed; that this peace had been made to the Emperor's satisfaction and with his participation; and that the King of England consents to his Imperial Majesty's marriage with the Princess of Portugal.
	The Senate of Rome has caused a most notorious witch to be burnt at the Campidoglio. She had compromised many females, including even gentlewomen, and accused many great men who had intercourse with her. She did wonders by the art of magic, and amongst the rest made a dog speak, and sent it to deliver messages wherever she thought fit. She also perpetrated many other horrible crimes, for which she has suffered the due penalties of the law To avoid defaming a number of persons who were mentioned in the trial (processo), the Pope gave orders for it to be burnt.
	Rome, 30th September. Registered by Sanuto, 6th October.
	[Italian.]