Spain: 1499 | British History Online

Calendar of State Papers, Spain, Volume 1, 1485-1509. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1862.

'Spain: 1499', in Calendar of State Papers, Spain, Volume 1, 1485-1509, (London, 1862) pp. 199-213. British History Online https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/spain/vol1/pp199-213 [accessed 4 May 2024]

1499



1499. 15 Jan. S. E. T. c. I. L. 2.	Archduchess. Spanish servants in Flanders. Household of the Archduchess. 231. Sub-prior of Santa Cruz to Queen Isabella. Has written about all that has occurred up to the confinement of the Archduchess. Has spoken with her at different times after she had been to mass. Told her all he was ordered to tell her, and as much more as seemed convenient to him. But all was said in a gentle manner, and by no means in a tone of reproach. She received his observations very well, and thanked him for his kindness in telling her how her mother desired her to live. She would be very happy to hear in what respect her conduct was not as proper as it ought to be. Told her, among other things, that she had a very hard and obdurate heart, and no piety,—as is the truth. She answered that, on the contrary, she had only too soft a heart, and felt so oppressed that she could not think of her mother, and how far she was separated from her for ever, without shedding tears. She passed New Year's eve in such humility that he quite forgot all she had done before. She observes the precepts of the Church very strictly in her house, and watches over her servants in all things concerning religion with great vigilance. She merits the highest praise for that, though the Flemings are of an opposite opinion. She has many of the qualities of a good Christian. She is improving in her conduct every day. The two principal complaints made against the Archduchess are, that her servants are badly paid, and that she does not occupy herself with the affairs of her household. She says that she has often expressed her dissatisfaction with the bad pay her servants receive, but the Privy Counsellors have always told her that the born subjects of the Archduke must be preferred to the Spaniards. Asked her why she did not complain to the Archduke. She answered that he would repeat her statements to his counsellors, and that the only consequence would be to cause injury to her. As for the superintendence of her household, she said that the Flemings do not permit her any control over it. The Archduchess is so afraid, and so suspicious of him, that he would never have succeeded in getting a single word written by her to the Queen, her mother, except by "pure importunity." Told her that the Queen, her mother, is very anxious to know all her life, the good as well as the bad, and asked her to communicate something to him, as he intended to write very soon. She replied that she had an earnest desire to improve, and to write a long letter. If she were to tell the occurrences of her life now, she would have nothing to write afterwards.
	Doña Marina Manuel. Muxica. Madame De Aloyn. Prince of Chimay. Provost of Liege. The Archduchess had, before her confinement, decided that Doña Marina Manuel should be Lady of honour to her child. Had spoken to her as early as the month of August on this subject, and ten or twelve times afterwards. She never changed her mind, and only wished that the King and Queen, her father and mother, should approve her choice, saying that she would keep the bishopric (fn. 1) vacant till the answer from Spain arrived. Wrote to Doña Marina, who, with her husband and her whole household, had come to Brussels in order to attend on the Archduchess. During her delivery the Archduchess gave herself up, body and soul, to Doña Marina, and afterwards would not permit her to be absent "one Ave Maria." When the Archduchess, however, was well again, she did not remember that she had ever promised anything to Doña Marina. Suspects that Muxica has persuaded her to change her mind. He has more influence over her than all her other officers and servants put together. While he was absent she was in favour of Doña Marina. As soon as he returned she no longer thought of her. But Madame de Aloyn is at the bottom of it all. Remonstrated with the Archduchess, and asked her how she could suffer such a one as the "De Aloyn" about her person, when her royal parents wished her to to be surrounded by honest people only. She answered that the "De Aloyn" was not so bad, and that she is on good terms with the Archduke and the Privy Counsellors. Then the "De Aloyn," the Privy Counsellors, and Muxica have intimidated the Archduchess so much that she does not dare "to hold up her head." She has not a maravedi to give in alms, even though she wished to do so. When she was pregnant she asked the Estates to give her what is usually granted under such circumstances. They bestowed on her sixty thousand florins, payable within three years ; but she gets nothing of this grant, which is paid into the exchequer of the Archduke, and spent in favours. Muxica asked her, a short time ago, for one thousand florins for the Prince of Chimay, her gentleman in waiting, over and above his salary of four thousand florins a year. They have also given the same Prince one thousand ducats which was sent from Spain for the late Monsieur De Bèvres. Has never seen anything more hopeless than the state in which the officers and servants of the Archduchess are. Only on Twelfth-day they had asked her to write to Spain, and to ask a bishoprick for the Provost of Liege. The avarice of this Provost of Liege is insatiable. The King of the Romans has already given him an archbishopric, only in order not to ruin his masters, and make the children disobedient to their parents. The Archduke would not be a bad son if he dared to act upon his own judgment. The same set of people have sent for Madame Margaret in order to marry her in Germany. Would not be astonished if the Archduke had to pay the expenses of her journey. The King of the Romans does all in his power to get the Archduke and the Archduchess to go to Germany only to get them out of the power of these people. It will be a difficult task.
	The Bastard. Doña Marina, and her husband the Bastard, have the greatest wish to serve their masters faithfully. When they speak of the kindness they have received from them, the tears run down their cheeks. But they are too poor to live in the Residence. They say, if they only received money to pay their meals in addition to what they have, they would always live at court, and render all the services in their power. Of the four thousand florins a year which were promised to him, they have deprived him of two thousand, and the other two thousand they do not pay. The Bastard no longer enjoys his small pension from Spain. It would be a good act to renew it. He really lives in the greatest poverty.
	Doña Marina. It would be a kindness to the Archduchess herself if Doña Marina were to get the place promised to her. The Archduchess likes her, and wants her. Madame de Rebastan would take care of her husband in case he should fall ill. "If the Devil did not oppose it," Doña Marina would be comfortably established in the palace. The Archduchess does not speak or act. Monsieur de Vergas has promised to do his best for Doña Marina when the Archduke returns from his visit to the King of the Romans. But there is little hope that he will keep his word.
	Doña Aña Beamonte. Doña Aña Beamonte complains that she gets little honour and less profit. She is a good woman. All the Spaniards who have come with the Archduchess to Flanders live in such misery that it is pitiful to see them.
	Want of money. Is in great want of money. Expected his journey would last six months, and has been already nine months absent. The Flemings do not care whether he has money or not. They think it a greater honour "well to drink than well to live." Living is so dear in Flanders that he could pay all his expenses in Spain with what he spends in Flanders for his lodgings alone. Not only his horses, but also his person, his companion, and his servant, are pledged to his host. Cannot return if money be not sent to him. There has been a fresh distribution of the money of the Archduchess among the persons around her. She was not asked, and never knew anything of the matter until they sent her the paper to sign. She observed afterwards, that as they had not asked her, they might at least have spared her the trouble of signing the paper. There is no remedy.—Brussels, 15th January 1499. The letter is written in cipher. The deciphering is by Almazan, Secretary of State. Spanish. pp. 9½.
27 Jan. S. E. T. c. I. 806. f. 8.	232. Henry VII. to Ferdinand and Isabella. Asks them to permit De Puebla to accept a rich and honourable marriage in England which he has offered to him. (fn. 2) —From the Palace of Westminster, 27th January 1499. Indorsed : "This is the draft of the original letters of the King of England. One of them was sent through Diego de Soria, and the other by an English courier." Latin.
5 March. S. E. T. c. I. L. 2.	233. De Puebla to Queen Isabella. Sends a parcel of letters, among which is a letter of Henry, and a letter of the Prince of Wales to the Princess of Wales. The messenger who carries them, Thomas Buxer, an Englishman and servant to the governor of the Prince of Wales, wishes to enter her service. Recommends him. The said Thomas was fined last year 150 ducats for a whale and codfish brought in his ship from Iceland to San Sebastian. Begs them to give orders that the fine should not be enforced. —Greenwich, 5th March 1499. Addressed : "To the very high and powerful Queen of Spain." Spanish. pp. 2.
12 March. S. E. T. c. I. L. 3. f. 20.	234. Princess Katharine to Doctor De Puebla. Ratifies all that has been transacted and concluded by him with Henry VII. concerning her marriage with the Prince of Wales. Empowers him to repeat and to re-enact, in her name, all he has concluded and done in respect to the said marriage. —Mayorete, 12th March 1499. Signed by the Princess of Wales, and countersigned by Almazan, but neither addressed nor indorsed. Latin.
12 March. S. E. T. c. I. L. 3. f. 24.	235. Katharine, Princess Of Wales. Another ratification of her marriage, and another power to De Puebla by the Princess of Wales.—Mayorete, 12th March 1499. Signed by the Princess, and countersigned by Almazan. Latin.
12 March. S. E. T. c. I. L. 2.	Marriage. 236. Ferdinand and Isabella to De Puebla. Have received all his letters up to the 21st of December. Have not answered earlier because the Queen has been ill. She has now recovered. Are glad to hear that their brother King Henry, his Queen, and all their English subjects, rejoice so much at the conclusion of the marriage between the Prince and Princess of Wales. Henry being so valiant and virtuous a King, and the Prince of Wales so worthy a son of such a father, hope that both countries will derive great advantages from this union.
	Embassy to be sent to Spain. Think it is time to conclude the marriage, per verba de prœsenti, as the dispensation has arrived from Rome. Henry may send an embassy with his power and that of the Prince of Wales, to enable them to contract the marriage in Spain ; but if he wishes that the act should be performed in England, it may be done. Their power and the power of the Princess of Wales are enclosed.
	Time of sending the Princess Katharine to England. He is mistaken if he believes that they intend to delay the sending of the Princess to England. That is not their intention. On the contrary, they are prepared to send her as soon as the Prince of Wales shall have completed the fourteenth year of his age, a time which is not far distant.
	Alliance. Have read the clauses of the treaty of alliance concerted by him with Henry. Are glad that the alliance between them and Henry is concluded, because it will perpetuate their love towards each other. But they are very angry and very much astonished to see in what manner he has concluded the treaty, and how much he has transgressed his power and his instructions. He has not reserved the rights of the King of the Romans and of the Archduke in this treaty, though he was most positively ordered not to conclude the alliance without excepting and including the said Princes. He could not but have known that the treaty would have been long ago concluded if they had not insisted on this clause.
	The Pope, the King of the Romans, and the Archduke. He must tell Henry, in their name, that they are glad of the conclusion of the alliance, but that they wish some clauses of it to be more in accordance with justice, equity, and good policy. They and Henry must promise to assist each other in defending the dominions which they at present possess against all assailants. In this respect there is no exception whatever to be made. But from all other stipulations of this alliance, the King of the Romans, the Archduke, and the King of France must be excepted. If that were not done, their, and his treaties with the above mentioned Princes would be directly dissolved, and the peace of Christendom endangered. Expect that he will negotiate a new treaty of alliance with Henry without transgressing his instructions by a single word. Will send their ratification of the treaty to Henry as soon as he has signed, sealed, ratified, and delivered the same treaty to them.
	Duke of Milan. Are pleased to hear of the intended marriage between the son of the Duke of Milan and a daughter of the King of England, but he must not meddle in that business.
	De Puebla. Give him the desired permission to go to Spain as soon as he has concluded the alliance and the other negotiations now pending.
	Don Pedro de Ayala. As for Don Pedro de Ayala, he must stay in England till the Scottish business is definitely arranged. In order that his position may be honourable, and that all respect may be shown to him, Don Pedro and he are henceforth to be joint ambassadors at the court of England. He must concert all things with him, except the negotiations respecting the alliance. For, as he alone has made the blunders, he alone must mend them.—Madrid, 12th March '99. The paper is signed by the King and Queen, but not countersigned by any Secretary. It is written in the hand of Almazan, Secretary of State. No address, except in the heading. No indorsement. Spanish. pp. 6.
12 March. S. E. T. c. I. L. 2.	237. De Puebla. A copy of two paragraphs of the letter from Ferdinand and Isabella to him, dated Madrid, 12th March 1499, in which they reproach him for having concluded the treaty so badly, and order him to mend his blunders. The copy is written in the hand of De Puebla himself. Spanish. pp 2.
12 March (?) S. E. T. c. I. L. 2.	238. Ferdinand and Isabella. Project of a treaty of alliance with Henry VII., the clauses of which are :— 1. A true alliance and friendship between Ferdinand and Isabella and their heir Prince Michael, (fn. 3) on the one side, and Henry VII. and Prince Arthur, on the other side, in order to defend the kingdoms and dominions at present possessed by them against all aggressors, without any exception whatever. 2. Each party shall not only not assist or favour any who intend to invade the dominions of the other contracting party, but binds itself to lend all assistance in its power to repel the aggressor, whoever he may be. The party which receives the assistance is to pay the expenses caused by it to its ally. 3. From all other stipulations of this treaty, that is to say, from those which do not concern the defence of the dominions now belonging to the allies, the Pope, the King of the Romans, the King of France, and the Archduke, are to be excepted. 4. Free commerce and intercourse between both kingdoms. —No date. Draft ; often corrected in different hands. Latin. pp. 5.
26 March. S. E. T. c. I. L. 2.	Queen of England. 239. Don Pedro De Ayala to Ferdinand and Isabella. Wrote on the 18th February, and sent the letter by Alphonso de Lerma. The Queen of England was delivered on Friday of a son, whose christening took place on the following Sunday. There had been much fear that the life of the Queen would be in danger, but the delivery, contrary to expectation, has been easy. The christening was very splendid, and the festivities such as though an heir to the Crown had been born.
	King of the Romans. Henry is expecting the return of the ambassadors whom he sent to the King of the Romans. They will be accompanied by ambassadors from the King of the Romans, who would not hear the English ambassadors, except in presence of the ambassadors from Spain. Has this intelligence from a letter sent by the Spanish ambassadors from Antwerp.
	King of Scots. The negotiations with the King of Scots concerning his marriage continue. Has had a letter from the King of Scots, inviting him to come directly to Scotland. Has hitherto always sent excuses, because he has not yet received instructions from Spain. The King of Scots now writes :—"Although you have not had the answer from your masters, which I impatiently expect, I ask you to come, because I have arduous and important business in hand. I have put it off till I can communicate it to you." Showed this letter to Henry, who thinks that the business of the King of Scots relates to England. Henry says that he is now more disposed to conclude the marriage than ever, but he fears that the negotiations will come to nothing, because the King of Scots will not consent to an alliance from which France is to be excluded. The King asked him to do all in his power to bring the pending negotiations with Spain to a happy conclusion. Answered that the King and Queen of Spain would be very glad to see their treaty with England concluded soon.
	Richard Fox. Bishop of Durham. The Bishop of Durham, who went to Scotland this winter, says that his negotiations have had no result. Has always suspected it, and thinks that if the King of Scots and Henry do not come to an understanding, the consequences will be bad. Temporises as much as he can, while awaiting an answer to his letter to them.
	Prophecy about Henry VII. Henry grows old. Saves money. Has on former occasions written that the people of England believe in prophecies. In Wales there are many who tell fortunes. In the same way that people in Galicia tell fortunes from certain signs on the back of a man, they believe here in other signs and ceremonies which they perform. A few days ago the King asked a priest, who had foretold the death of King Edward and the end of King Richard, to tell him in what manner his latter end would come. The priest, according to common report, told the King that his life would be in great danger during the whole year, and informed him, in addition to many other unpleasant things, that there are two parties of very different political creeds in his kingdom. The King ordered the priest to speak to nobody about this prophecy. But he could not keep the secret ; he told it to a friend of his, and that friend to another friend. Thus the King found out the indiscretion of the priest. The friend of the friend is in prison, but the two other persons have fled. "Henry has aged so much during the last two weeks that he seems to be twenty years older." The King is growing very devout. He has heard a sermon every day during Lent, and has continued his devotions during the rest of the day. His riches augment every day. "I think he has no equal in this respect." If gold coin once enters his strong boxes, it never comes out again. He always pays in depreciated coin. His ordinary expenses for his house, table, kitchen, pension, council, chapel, servants, liveries, hunting, &c., for his own person, the Queen, the Prince of Wales, and all his other children together, is about one hundred thousand scudos (fn. 4) a year. Parliament has lately made him a grant of 300,000 crowns, on condition that he leave the money of the country unaltered. According to the laws of England, any person can have his own gold or silver coined in the Mint ; he has, nevertheless, altered these laws. He is said to gain, over and above the usual profits, seven reals in the mark of silver. All his servants are like him ; they possess quite "a wonderful dexterity in getting other people's money." A short time ago, a certain Bernay from Avila, a merchant, incurred a penalty. Asked Henry to treat the said Bernay leniently, because he was a Spanish subject, who had failed from ignorance. The King answered, without a moment's hesitation, and very graciously, that he would not be hard on Bernay, in order that they might not be hard on English merchants in Spain. "He is so clever in all things, and in this matter shows it so much, that it is a miracle."
	France. The King of France has sent an ambassador to Henry, apparently to announce to him his marriage, and to tell him that he loves his brother of England above all the princes in the world. What other business he may have to transact is not yet known. He has sent to Henry two sacres, one hawk, one horse, and one mule.
	Ursino of Aragon. About a fortnight ago Johan Jordan Ursino, of Arragon, arrived in London, he having gone to France in company of the late Cardinal of Valencia. The object of his journey was to visit the shrine of St. Thomas and to see King Henry. He has never been in Rome. The King and Queen received him very hospitably, for it was found that he was a relative of the Queen. "It was observed that he never spoke of the King of France without calling him my master." (fn. 5) Has already waited ten months for his instructions.— London, 26th of March. No address. Indorsed in the hand of the Secretary of State, Almazan : "To their Highnesses, from Don Pedro de Ayala, 26th of March '99." All the details respecting Scotland and of Henry are written in cipher. The deciphering is by Almazan. Spanish. pp. 5½.
30 March. S. E. T. c. I. L. 2.	Conversations with Henry VII. 240. De Puebla to Ferdinand and Isabella. The same week had written a letter which went by Guypuscoa. Has since written one more letter, and sent it by different messengers. Has been fifty-one days with Henry at one of the Royal palaces in the country. Has every day had long and confidential conversations with the King, who wishes much to have some letters from them soon. The Prince of Wales desires likewise to have a few lines from the Princess of Wales his wife. Begs them to send the much hoped for letters.
	The Pope. Henry is much astonished that they are not on such good terms with the Pope as they ought to be. He says that the Pope owes them great debts of gratitude. The news he has received from Verona make him sure that the Pope is guilty of great ingratitude. Did not know what answer to give to these observations of the King. Said that he did not believe the news ; for it is not credible that the Pope should have forgotten all their great services, not to speak of the circumstance that he is their countryman. It appeared as if Henry wished much to know the truth in this affair, and also what they are willing to do. It seems that he is willing to assist them in every way. In the same proportion that the Flemings were lukewarm respecting the arrival of the Archduchess, the English are impatient to behold the face of the Princess of Wales. Notwithstanding, does not press her coming to England if they do not like to send her directly.
	France. The Archdean of Angers has arrived as ambassador from the King of France. He is an Aragonese or Catalonian. He was accompanied by a gentleman in military dress, who was not an ambassador, but had only brought a horse, a mule, two sacres, and a nebli, as presents to the King. The substantial subject of their mission, however, is, as Henry had told him in secret, to deliver the ratification, by the three Estates of France, of the treaty of alliance, and the tribute. They had also brought a letter to the Pope, supplicating him to interpose his censures if the treaty were not strictly fulfilled. The French ambassador said further that the King of France is on very good terms with Spain. France, Spain, and England, if united, could easily reform the Christian world. Henry replied to the French ambassador by saying that the King of France had acted very wisely in coming to terms with them, for they are the most virtuous and most powerful Princes in the world. He said, moreover, that they are his most intimate friends, and that the marriage of the Prince of Wales with the Princess Katharine is now concluded. He added that there can be no doubt that if France, England, and Spain were to unite they could do what they liked, without any resistance to them being possible. As for the rest, Henry has not yet given his answer. Made the observation that King Henry is obliged to include them in any treaty concluded with France. He answered that there is no doubt about it. As soon as the treaty shall be signed, he intends to inform them minutely of its clauses, in order that they may accept it or not, as they like. Henry even manifested his intention to include the members of the league and their other allies, as, for instance, the King of Naples, in his treaty with France. Has had no letters from them since the conclusion of peace between Spain and France. Did not, therefore, like to go further in the business, especially as the French ambassador would be staying some days longer in England, during which time he might receive instructions from them.
	King of the Romans. The ambassadors from the King of the Romans are expected to arrive next week, and also ambassadors from the King of Portugal. The results of the conference, which is being held in Calais, between the English ambassadors and the ambassadors of the Archduke, are not yet known.—London, 30th March 1499. Addressed : "To the very high and very powerful Princes, the King and Queen of Spain." Indorsed by Almazan : "To their Highnesses, from Doctor De Puebla, 30th March '99." Spanish. pp. 5.
19th May. S. E. T. c. I. L. 3. f. 25.	Marriage ceremony. 241. Arthur, Prince Of Wales, and Katharine, Princess Of Wales. On the 19th of May 1499, being Whit-Sunday, after the first mass, and at about 9 o'clock in the morning, Arthur Prince of Wales ; Doctor De Puebla in his quality of proxy of Katharine, Princess of Wales ; William, Bishop of Lincoln ; John, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, with many other persons, entered the chapel of the manor of Bewdley, in the diocese of Hertford, in order to perform, and respectively to witness, the nuptial ceremony per verba de prœsenti, between the said Prince and Princess of Wales. The Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield said in a clear voice to the Prince of Wales that it was well known how much King Henry wished that the marriage between him and the Princess of Wales should be contracted per verba de prœsenti, that is to say, that it was to be henceforth indissoluble. Doctor De Puebla, duly authorized by the Princess of Wales, had come to this holy place, in order to perform, in the name and in the stead of the said Princess, the rites prescribed by the Church. Moreover, the Pope had dispensed with all obstacles to this matrimonial union. It was therefore his duty, there to declare his opinion and his will. After this peroration, the Prince of Wales said in a loud and clear voice to Doctor De Puebla that he was very much rejoiced to contract with Katharine, Princess of Wales, daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, an indissoluble marriage, not only in obedience to the Pope and to King Henry, but also from his deep and sincere love for the said Princess, his wife. De Puebla answered the Prince of Wales that he was the more gratified by this declaration, since the marriage was the fruit of his incessant labours. In the name of the Princess Katharine he declared that he was willing to conclude an indissoluble marriage. The Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield then asked De Puebla whether he had sufficient power to act as proxy of the Princess Katharine. The power was delivered by De Puebla to the Bishop, and read in a loud voice by Doctor Richard Nic. [The power of the Princess of Wales to Doctor de Puebla, dated "in the town of Mayorete, 12th March 1499," follows.] After the power had been read, the Prince of Wales took, with his right hand, the right hand of Doctor De Puebla ; and Richard Peel, Lord Chamberlain of the Prince, and Knight of the Garter, held the hands of both in his bands. In this position the Prince declared that he accepted De Puebla in the name and as the proxy of the Princess Katharine, and the Princess Katharine in his person as his lawful and undoubted wife. The same ceremony was repeated, and De Puebla declared, in the name of the Princess Katharine that she accepted the Prince of Wales as her lawful and undoubted husband. The signatures of the witnesses follow ; among them are to be found those of Bernard André, and the notary Johanne de Tomayo, secretary to De Puebla. Latin. pp. 18.
15 June. B. M. MS. E. 616. f. 8.	242. Henry VII. to Ferdinand and Isabella. Has been informed that they have included him in a treaty which they have made with the King of France. Thanks them for doing so. It appears that they have formed an exaggerated opinion with regard to the state of affairs between England and Scotland, which are not so bad as they had imagined. Has spoken to De Puebla on the subject, who will make a true relation to them of what he has said.—Shene, 15th June 1499. Addressed : "To the most serene and mighty Princes, Ferdinand and Isabella, King and Queen of Castile, &c. &c." Indorsed : "To their Highnesses, from the King of England, 15th June 1499." Latin. p. 1. Printed in Gairdner's Letters, vol. I. p. 110.
10 July. P. R. O.	243. Treaty between Henry VII. and Ferdinand and Isabella. Draft of the treaty of 10th of July 1499, written on a paper which apparently has been a portion of the Privy Council Books. Latin. pp. 21.
10 July. S. E. T. c. I. L. 3. f. 16.	Friendship and alliance. 244. Henry VII. Treaty with Ferdinand and Isabella. 1. A true friendship and alliance for all future times is concluded between Henry VII., his heirs and successors, on the one side, and Ferdinand and Isabella, their heirs and successors, on the other side. The allies are obliged to assist and succour one another, with all their power, against all and every person in the world, without any exception, in the defence of their present dominions.
	Mutual services. 2. Neither of the allies shall assist, by deeds or by counsel, the enemies of the other ally who intend to invade the dominions which he at present possesses, without any exception or reservation. They are, on the contrary, obliged to assist one another in such a case with all their power. The ally, however, who requests the other to succour him, must pay the expenses, which will be fixed in accordance with the price of provisions, &c.
	Princes excepted. 3. In all the articles which are not contained in this treaty of alliance, and which do not derogate from any clause of it, the Pope, the King of the Romans, the King of France, and the Archduke of Austria, may be excepted. But this exception is of no validity whatever, as regards all and every thing which forms a subject of this treaty.
	Commerce. 4. The subjects of either of the allies are at liberty to travel and carry on commerce, or other business, in the dominions of the other ally. Neither general nor special passports are required. They shall be treated like the nativeborn subjects of the country in which they are staying.
	Rebels. 5. Neither of the allies shall permit the rebels of the other ally to stay in his dominions, nor show them favour, nor permit favour to be shown to them by his subjects. If such rebels be found in the dominions of either of the allies, they shall be arrested and delivered to the Prince against whom they have rebelled.
	Treaties with other Princes. 6. Either of the allies promises to include, nominally and expressly, the other ally in all treaties, alliances, or truces they may henceforth conclude with other states.
	Letters of marque. 7. Prizes, reprisals, and letters of marque shall not be conceded to subjects of either of the allies against subjects of the other ally. Captains and masters of vessels belonging, either to subjects of the Spanish dominions, or to subjects of King Henry, shall, on leaving any port subjected to the jurisdiction of both allies, give sufficient security for their good behaviour during the voyage.
	Violations of the treaty. 8. If subjects of either of the allies do anything in contravention of this treaty, reparation shall be made, but the treaty itself shall remain in full force.
	Proclamations. 9. This treaty shall be publicly proclaimed, within six months, in all towns and seaports of the dominions of the allies.
	Wrecked vessels. 10. If a vessel of any Spanish or English subject is wrecked on the coasts of either Spain and her dependencies, or of England and Ireland, all possible assistance shall be rendered to it. Whatever is saved of the vessel, or of the goods laden in her, remains the property of the owners of the ship or goods. Salvage money shall be paid.—London, 10th July 1499. Signed by Thomas, Bishop of London, and by Doctor De Puebla. Latin. pp. 18½.
1 Aug. B. M. MS. E. 616. f. 9.	245. Elizabeth, Queen Of England, to King Ferdinand Of Spain. King Henry has already written to him in recommendation of Henry Stile, who wishes to go and fight against the Infidels. Though he is a very short man, he has the reputation of being a valiant soldier. Adds, therefore, her recommendation, to that of her husband.—Hampton, 1st August 1499. Addressed : "To the most serene and powerful Prince Ferdinand, King of Castile, &c." Indorsed by Almazan : "To the King our Lord, from the Queen of England, 1st August 1499." Latin. p. 1. Printed in Gairdner's Letters, vol. I. p. 111.
5 Oct. B. M. MS. Eg. 616. f. 10.	246. Arthur, Prince Of Wales, to Katharine, Princess Of Wales. Has read her sweet letters lately sent. Feels an earnest desire to see her. The delay respecting her coming is very grievous. Begs that it may be hastened. Has done as she had enjoined, in commending her to his parents. Asks her to exercise a similar good office for him, seeing that he looks on her parents as though they were his own. Entreats that he may often and speedily hear from her. Subscribes himself her loving spouse.—Ludlow, iii. nonas mensis Octobris 1499. Addressed : "To the most illustrious and excellent Princess, the Lady Katharine, Princess of Wales, Duchess of Cornwall, &c., my most entirely beloved spouse." Indorsed by Almazan : "To the Infanta Katharine, from the Prince of Wales, 5th of October 1499." Latin. p. 1. A translation printed in Wood's Letters of Royal Ladies.
20 Dec. S. E. T. c. I. L. 3. f. 19.	247. Katharine, Princess Of Wales. Ratifies the act of marriage with Arthur, Prince of Wales, performed in her name by Doctor De Puebla in the chapel of the manor of Bewdley on the 19th of May 1499.—Seville, 20th December 1499 Latin.
20 Dec. E. T. c. I. L. 3. f. 23.	248. Ferdinand and Isabella. Ratify the ratifications made by Katharine, Princess of Wales, of the act of marriage performed in the manor of Bewdley on the 19th of May 1499.—Seville, 20th December 1499. Latin.