Survey of London: Volume 46, South and East Clerkenwell. Originally published by London County Council, London, 2008.
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'References and list of abbreviations', in Survey of London: Volume 46, South and East Clerkenwell, (London, 2008) pp. 407-434. British History Online https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol46/pp407-434 [accessed 3 May 2024]
In this section
References
ABBREVIATIONS
Introduction pp. 3–27
1. John Stow, A Survey of London, ed. C. L. Kingsford, 1908, vol. 1, p. 16; for Kingsford's notes see vol. 2, p. 272
2. Norman London: An Essay by Professor F. M. Stenton, with a translation of William Fitz Stephen's Description by Professor H. E. Butler , 1934, p. 27
3. Stow, vol. 1, p. 15
4. Peter Ackroyd, London, The Biography, 2000, p. 461
5. W. O. Hassall, 'Plays at Clerkenwell', in Modern Language Review , vol. 33, Jan—Oct 1938, pp. 564–7
6. Pamela Taylor, 'Clerkenwell and the Religious Foundations of Jordan de Bricett: a Re-examination', in Historical Research , vol. 63, No. 150, Feb 1990, pp. 17–27
7. Norman London, p. 27
8. N. J. Barton, The Lost Rivers of London, 1962, p. 89
9. James Peller Malcolm, Londinium Redivivum, vol. iii, 1803, p. 246
10. Commons Journal, 10/3, 1710–11: New Remarks of London by the Company of Parish Clerks , 1732: Cromwell, pp. 20–1
11. George Dodd, 'Clerkenwell', in Charles Knight (ed.), London, 1842, vol. iii, p. 141
12. M. Dorothy George, London Life in the Eighteenth Century, 1925, p. 174: Chris Ellmers, 'The Impact of the 1797 Tax on Clocks and Watches on the London Trade', in Collectanea Londinensia (London & Middlesex Archaeological Society), 1978, pp. 323–5
13. Dodd, p. 132
14. R. Campbell, The London Tradesman, 1747 (1969 reprint), pp. 250–1
15. Charles Booth, Life and Labour of the People in London, 2nd series, Industry, vol.2, 1903, pp. 27–8
16. Quoted in Dodd, p. 143
17. BN, 16 Oct 1857, p. 1096
18. B, 9 Oct 1852 p. 648; 5 Aug 1854, p. 418; 18 Oct 1873, p. 829; 14 Nov 1874, pp. 953–4
19. BLPES, Booth papers, B238, Districts 1–4, Local Government, p. 27
20. Jerry White, London in the Nineteenth Century, 2007, p. 47
21. Ibid.
22. Clerkenwell News, 24 April 1861
23. Ibid.
24. B, 12 March 1853, pp. 161–2
25. R. W. Vanderkiste, Notes and Narratives of a Six Years' Mission principally among the Dens of London , 1854, pp. 33–4, 141
26. LMA, LCC/MIN/7372
27. George Gissing, The Nether World, 1889, vol. 1, pp. 25–7
28. LPL, Howley papers, 16/54–5, July 1820
29. Ibid., 33/210–3, Feb 1824
30. James Burn, Commercial Enterprise and Social Purpose, 1858, p. 15, quoted in Chris Ellmers, 'A Nineteenth Century London Clock Factory', in Tools and Trades, vol.5, Dec 1988, p. 65
31. 14 & 15 Vic., c.cxx, clause XII
32. City Press, 16 Oct 1895
33. Guardian, 5 Oct 2007: The New Survey of London Life and Labour , vol. 6, 1934, p. 381
34. Ibid., vol. 8, London Industries III, 1934, p. 158
35. J. E. Martin, Greater London, An Industrial Geography, 1966, pp. 14, 35–6
36. John F. Wilson, Ferranti: A History, n. d., pp. 97–8, 107–10, 115–19
37. Viscount Midleton and R. H. Miles, Working Time, 1994, pp. 5–6: Martin, p. 42
38. ILHC, FBC Mins, 1928–9, p. 556
39. London Statistics XXI, 1910–11, p. 590: J. H. Forshaw and Patrick Abercrombie, County of London Plan 1943, pp. 24–5
40. County of London Plan 1943, p. 89
41. W. Dawson, A Mid-London Parish: Short History of the Parish of S. John, Clerkenwell , 1885, pp. 43–4
42. Home Mission Field, 1903 (copy in ILHC, cuttings L1.7)
43. County of London Plan 1943, pp. 36, 47,96
44. Administrative County of London Development Plan 1951, pp. 54–5, 95–6
45. IBC, sub 5–9 Glasshouse Yard
46. IBC, sub 64–65 Cowcross Street
47. Mike Franks, 'An Experiment in Inner-City Conservation', in Architectural Association Quarterly, Oct–Dec 1975, p. 45
48. Evening Standard, 18 March 1987, p. 24
49. Baker Associates, 'The Crafts Base in Clerkenwell', report for Clerkenwell Community Trust, April 1993
50. Evening Standard, 18 March 1987, p. 24
51. AJ, 9 May 2002, p. 12
52. Islington Gazette, 15 Oct 1992, p. 3
53. Drew Whitelegg, 'From Market Stalls to Restaurant Row: the Recent Transformation of Exmouth Market', in London Journal , vol. 27, no. 2, 2002, pp. 77–93
54. www.googlism.com, March 2007
55. Alec Forshaw and Theo Bergström, Smithfield Past and Present , 1990 edn, p. 160
56. Deyan Sudjic et al, English Extremists: The Architecture of Campbell Zogolovitch Wilkinson Gough , 1988, p. 7
57. Cromwell, pp. iv–v
CHAPTER I (pp. 28–71) Clerkenwell Close Area
1. The account of the nunnery is based largely on Barney Sloane, Excavations at the Nunnery of St Mary Clerkenwell (MoLAS monograph, forthcoming), but see also VCH, Middlesex, vol. 1, 1969, pp. 170–4: W. O. Hassall, 'The Conventual Buildings of St. Mary, Clerkenwell', in LAMAS Transactions, new series, vol. 8, 1938–40, pp. 234–82: W. O. Hassall, The Cartulary of St. Mary Clerkenwell , Camden Society Publications, 3rd series, no. 71, 1949: Pamela Taylor, 'Clerkenwell and the Religious Foundations of Jordan de Bricett: a Re-examination', in Historical Research, vol. 63, No. 150, Feb 1990, pp. 17–27
2. Rosemary Horrox, Richard III: A Study of Service, 1989, pp. 200–1: Anne F. Sutton and P. W. Hammond (eds), The Coronation of Richard III, 1983, p. 371: TNA, PROB11/13
3. Sloane: ODNB
4. ODNB: Suffolk RO (Bury St Edmunds), 449/2/373; 449/4/13: TNA, PROB11/154
5. Sheffield City Archives, WWM/Str P/12/116: ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, 1590–1683, f. 70v
6. ODNB
7. Nottinghamshire Archives, DD/P/6/1/27/16–17: TNA, PROB11/154
8. Lucy Worsley, 'The architectural patronage of William Cavendish, 1st duke of Newcastle, 1593–1676', 2 vols, DPhil thesis, University of Sussex, 2001: TNA, C/5/600/122: ODNB: RB
9. GEC
10. Balliol College Archives, MS B. 21.24
11. Lucy Worsley and Tom Addyman, 'Riding Houses and Horses: William Cavendish's Architecture for the Art of Horsemanship', in Architectural History, vol. 45, 2002, pp. 194–229, esp. p. 221
12. TNA, PROB11/61
13. TNA, PROB11/57; PROB11/81; C2/James/C17/83; C3/262/39
14. Cromwell, p. 212
15. LMA, Q/HAL/28: ODNB
16. RB: ODNB
17. Ibid.
18. GL, MS 8674/3
19. LMA, MA/S/303: MDR 1747/2/267: RB
20. GEC
21. RB: Public Advertiser, 5 June 1776: Geoffrey Beard and Christopher Gilbert (eds), Dictionary of English Furniture Makers 1660–1840 , 1986, pp. 349–50: Lindsay Boynton, 'William and Richard Gomm', in Burlington Magazine, vol. cxxii, June 1980, pp. 395–400
22. RB: Public Advertiser, 5 June 1776: Beard and Gilbert, p. 571
23. The Times, 8 June 1790, p. 1a: GL, MS 11936/369, p. 48: Beard and Gilbert, p. 339
24. MDR 1746/2/438; 1747/2/98; 1748/1/407
25. LMA, MR/PLT/1635–1654: MDR 1788/1/382; 1788/4/96
26. Nottingham University Library, Pl E10/8/5/2: MDR 1793/ 6/135: ILHC, St James's Trustees' Mins, 20 March 1792
27. MDR 1794/5/414: CERC, Church Commissioners' file 22388
28. Nottingham University Library, Pl E10/8/5/2: MDR 1793/6/135; 1881/16/573
29. CERC, Church Commissioners' file 22388: MDR 1830/5/380–1; 1881 passim, sub Carr-Fisher
30. RB: MR/PLT/1673–1787 passim: ILHC, Thomas Hornor's ms map of Clerkenwell, 1808
31. RB: MDR: GL, MS 11936 passim: POD: 1851 census
32. For accounts of Moore's factory see George Dodd, Days at the Factories , 1843, pp. 305–21: Chris Ellmers, 'A Nineteenth Century London Clock Factory—John Moore and Sons, Clerkenwell Close', in Tools and Trades, vol. 5, Dec 1988, pp. 64–85: Chris McKay, John Moore & Sons of Clerkenwell. Turret Clock Makers , 2002
33. MDR 1719/4/207–8
34. John Hollingshead, Ragged London in 1861, 1861, p. 24
35. 1871 census: B, 21 April 1877, p. 406: Hollingshead, pp. 20–5: LCC, The Housing Question in London, 1855–1900, p. 133
36. RB: POD: ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, vol. 13, 1878–9, pp. 650–1; vol. 14, 1879–81, p. 43; vol. 1 (new series), 1881–3, p. 114
37. RB: POD
38. LMA, LCC/CL/IMP/1/84: RB
39. TNA, E318/17/861 (reference supplied by MoLAS)
40. Colvin
41. EH, Historians' file ISL 197: ILHC, City Road Turnpike Trustees' Mins, 1786–1805 passim
42. Nottingham University Library, Pl E10/8/5/2: MDR 1793/6/135; 1794/5/414
43. The account of the nunnery church that follows here is based almost entirely on drafts of the forthcoming MoLAS monograph on St Mary's nunnery
44. MoLAS reconstructions
45. Cromwell, p. 183
46. Pinks, pp. 18–19, 32: John Stow, A Survey of London, ed. C. L. Kingsford, 1908, vol. 2, p. 86
47. Pinks, pp. 32–4
48. Robert Seymour, A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster , vol. II, 1735, p. 741
49. Cromwell, p. 181
50. Pinks, p. 37
51. John Weever, Ancient Funeral Monuments, 1631, pp. 428–30
52. George R. Price, Thomas Dekker, 1969, pp. 14–15: Pinks, pp. 107–8, 278
53. Pinks, p. 47
54. Gentleman's Magazine, Nov 1735, p. 651; Oct 1736, p. 597: Daily Gazetteer, 20 Nov 1735: Cromwell, p. 183
55. Basil F. L. Clarke, The Building of the Eighteenth-Century Church , 1963, p. 19
56. M. H. Port (ed.), The Commissions for Building Fifty New Churches , London, 1986, passim
57. ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, 1786–7
58. 28 Geo. III c. 10; 30 Geo. III c. 69: Pinks, p. 50
59. Gentleman's Magazine, June 1788, p. 521; Oct 1788, p. 853: Lyall D. Dixon, Seven Score Years and Ten, n.d. (c. 1938), p. 8
60. ILHC, St James's Clerkenwell Trustees' Mins (hereafter 'Trustees' Mins'), 13 Aug 1788: LMA, P76/JSI/147, Jan 1792
61. Cromwell, p. 201
62. ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, 30 Jan 1787
63. James Peller Malcolm, Londinium Redivivum, vol. III, 1803, pp. 212–13: The World, 2 April 1791
64. Trustees' Mins, 20 Jan 1796
65. MDR 1794/5/414
66. Trustees' Mins, 21 May, 27 Aug 1788; the medal is illustrated in Pinks, p. 50
67. Trustees' Mins, 28 Oct 1789; 10 Nov 1790; 5 Jan, 30 Nov 1791: Pinks, p. 59
68. Pinks, p. 54
69. Trustees' Mins, 20 April 1791: Cromwell, p. 203: Pinks, pp. 54–5
70. Trustees' Mins, 3 Oct 1792
71. Trustees' Mins, 18 Jan, 11 April 1792
72. Cromwell, pp. 205–6: BAL, Drawings Collection, W10/5
73. Malcolm, vol. III, 1803, p. 213
74. Trustees' Mins, 29 Feb, 6 June, 12 Sept 1792: Cromwell, p. 205: ODNB
75. Cromwell, p. 204
76. Trustees' Mins, 2 & 23 March 1791; 29 Feb, 11 & 23 April 1792
77. Trustees' Mins, 6 Feb 1812
78. Trustees' Mins, 19 May 1824; 17 June 1829; 20 Jan 1830
79. NMR, photograph by H. Felton, April 1941 (the provenance of the drawing is unknown)
80. Cromwell, p. 205
81. Trustees' Mins, March—July 1822: Cromwell, pp. 204–5: Pinks, pp. 52–3
82. Trustees' Mins, 19 May 1824
83. Trustees' Mins, 10 May 1843
84. B, 27 Oct 1849, p. 512
85. B, 21 Oct 1882, p. 541
86. GL, MS 18, 319/4: B, 21 Oct 1882, p. 541; 21 Oct 1899, p. 372: BN, 20 Oct 1882, p. 489
87. B, 21 Oct 1899, p. 372: ILHC, cuttings L2531
88. CERC, Church Commissioners' files 18319/106, 72319 2/2
89. BAL, Drawings Collection, W 10/5
90. Trustees' Mins, 23 April 1792
91. GL, MS 18, 319/4
92. Papers held in the vestry of St James's Church
93. ILHC, cuttings L2531: Pinks, p. 53
94. Cromwell, p. 204: Illustrated News of the World, 13 Nov 1858, pp. 308–9: Pinks, p. 53
95. Trustees' Mins, 21 July, 4 & 10 Aug 1790; 6 April 1791; 14 Nov 1792
96. GL, MS 18,319/77: Programme of a recital by Nicholas Danby on the restored organ, 1978: information from John Pike Mander and ManderUK website
97. Illustrated News of the World, 13 Nov 1858: NMR photographs, 1941
98. Cromwell, p. 204: Pinks, p. 53
99. Information on a number of the windows described in this account has been kindly supplied by Dr Michael Kerney
100. BN, 15 May 1863, p. 380: Alexander Gibbs & Co., catalogue, London, 1878
101. B, 7 Oct 1882, p. 480: BN, 20 Oct 1882, p. 489
102. B, 29 Sept 1866, p. 730
103. Cox & Son's illustrated catalogue of designs for stained glass windows, 1870
104. St James's archives, green box/iron chest (petition for faculty, 15 June 1938): The British Society of Master Glass-Painters, Directory, 1939, p. 52: GL, MS 18,319/102
105. Trustees' Mins, 1788–96: ILHC, cuttings L2521
106. Pinks, p. 66
107. GL, MSS 18,319/4, 18,319/59
108. Trustees' Mins, 20 March 1792: Pinks, p. 62
109. Trustees' Mins, 23 April 1792: Cromwell, p. 195: Pinks, p. 63
110. Pinks, pp. 61–2
111. ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, 8 July 1722: David Bindman and Malcolm Baker, Roubiliac and the EighteenthCentury Monument, 1995, pp. 358–9
112. Pinks, pp. 60, 687
113. Henry B. Wheatley, London Past and Present, 1891, p. 277: Rupert Gunnis, Dictionary of British Sculptors 1660–1851, 1964 edn, p. 190: Trustees' Mins, 17 Nov 1819: Cromwell, p. 193
114. Gunnis, p. 251
115. English Churchman, 7 March 1969
116. Trustees' Mins, 21 & 28 Oct 1789
117. Trustees' Mins, 29 Feb 1792
118. Pinks, p. 65
119. GL, MS 18,319/24; B, 17 March 1911, p. 343
120. Trustees' Mins, 20 March 1792
121. Daily Chronicle, 1 Sept 1888: BN, 7 March 1890, p. 366
122. 7 Geo. IV, c. 24 (private): TNA, PROB11/72, sig. 4
123. LMA, MJ/SP/XX/31, 35–8
124. Ogilby & Morgan's map, 1676
125. LMA, MJ/SP/XX/048: E. G. Dowdell, A Hundred Years of Quarter Sessions. The Government of Middlesex from 1660 to 1760 , 1932, pp. 46–51
126. An Account of the Fire At New-prison by Clerkenwell, 1679
127. An Account of the General Nursery, or Colledg of Infants set up by the Justices of Peace in the County of Middlesex , 1686: Dowdell, pp. 51–2, 59–61: Pinks, pp. 125–7: LMA, MJ/SP/XX/ 048: An Account of Several Work-houses for Employing and Maintaining the Poor , 2nd edn, 1732, p. 52
128. LMA, MJ/SP/XX/ 048: Pinks, p. 183
129. LMA, MA/G/GEN/ 1; MJ/OC/ 8–10 passim
130. Pinks, pp. 127–30
131. Pinks, p. 130
132. LMA, MJ/OC/ 14, p. 348
133. LMA, MJ/OC/ 16–18: MA/G/GEN/478
134. ILN, 9 May 1846, pp. 309–10
135. The account of the prison which follows is based largely on B, 13 June 1846, pp. 277, 282–3: Henry Mayhew and John Binny, The Criminal Prisons of London, 1862, pp. 611–21: Hepworth Dixon, The London Prisons, 1850, pp. 224–35
136. Dixon, p. 229
137. LMA, MA/DCP/G/31
138. Dixon, pp. 229, 230, 234
139. LMA, MA/DCP/G/ 28, 30; MA/D/G/ 46, 48; MJ/OC/ 60, pp. 383–4, 480; MJ/OC/ 61, p. 9
140. LMA, MJ/OC/ 61, pp. 163–5: ILN, 21 Dec 1867, pp. 661–2,665; 28 Dec 1867 (Supplement), p. 717
141. LMA, MA/D/G/50/1; MJ/OC/64, p. 182; MJ/OC/65, p. 381: Prison Service HQ Library, 'Notes of a few Borough & County Prisons England & Wales', by A. B. McHardy, Oct–Nov 1877
142. TNA, HO45/A37852
143. SBL Mins, 14 Dec 1893, pp. 161–3
144. SBL Mins, 15 July 1876, p. 386: TNA, HO45/9672/A46443B
145. SBL Mins, 15 Dec 1887, p. 196
146. TNA, HO45/9672/A46443B
147. Ibid; ED21/11423
148. SBL Mins, 4 Oct 1888, pp. 546, 767
149. SBL Mins, 27 Feb 1890, p. 829
150. TNA, ED21/11423: SBL Mins, 27 Feb 1890, p. 829; 24 April 1890, p. 1197; 7 Aug 1890, p. 709
151. SBL Mins, 10 March 1892, p. 700
152. TNA, ED21/11423
153. TNA, ED21/11422: SBL Mins, 18 July 1895, p. 378
154. Final Report of the School Board for London, 1870–1904, 1904, p. 178: SBL Mins, 4 Feb 1892, p. 419
155. TNA, ED32/91; ED32/527: SBL Mins, 26 July 1894, p. 831
156. LMA, LCC/MIN/2935, p. 150
157. SBL Mins, 17 March 1892, p. 792: OS of 1891–4
158. TNA, ED21/11423
159. Final Report of the School Board, p. 40: B, 24 Dec 1892, p. 491; 16 Dec 1893, p. 451
160. IBC
161. LMA, LCC/MIN/2938, p. 394
162. Ron Ringshall (ed.), The Urban School, Buildings for Education in London 1870–1980 , 1983, p. 48
163. 40 & 41 Vic., c. 235
164. LMA, Acc/3445/PT/01/15/03: MBW Mins, 4 July 1879, pp. 21–8
165. B, 21 April 1877, p. 406: John Hollingshead, Ragged London in 1861 , 1861, pp. 22–5: LCC, The Housing Question in London , 1855–1900, p. 133
166. LMA, MBW/1195, pp. 50–3; MBW/ 1296, 21 Jan 1878, item 66: Percy J. Edwards, History of London Street Improvements 1855–1897 , 1898, p. 81
167. DSR: LMA, Acc/3445/PT/01/15/03: J. N. Tarn, 'The Peabody Donation Fund: the role of a Housing Society in the nineteenth century', in Victorian Studies, September 1966, p. 34
168. Censuses of 1871 & 1891: LMA, Acc/3445/PT/07/030
169. LMA, LCC/VA/DD/R93
170. Tarn, pp. 21–4
171. LMA, MBW 1231, pp. 379, 591: B, 5 July 1884, p. 41
172. LMA, Acc/3445/PT/07/030
173. IBC
174. ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, vol. 16, 1883–5, p. 508
175. RB: Highbury & Islington Express, 31 March 2000, p. 24
176. RB: MDR 1774/5/89–90: LMA, MR/LV/9/100, 115
177. ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, vol. 9, 1871–2, pp. 295–7: LMA, MBW/17089: DSR: B, 23 Sept 1938, p. 609
178. DSR: RB: IBC: POD
179. IBC: B, 4 July 1885, p. 44: BN, 14 Oct 1887, p.xv
180. TNA, IR58/42650/1561
181. POD
182. LMA, MR/PLT/1757–1814 passim: IBC
183. MDR 1891/13/797: TNA, IR58/42660/2524
184. MDR 1778/2/17; 1815/4/526
185. Final Report of the School Board, p. 357: SBL Mins, 5 July 1874, p. 988; 14 Oct 1874; 15 Dec 1875, p. 97
186. Final Report of the School Board, pp. 48–9
187. SBL Mins, 13 March 1893, p. 924: TNA, ED21/11424; ED21/11245
188. DSR: SBL Mins, 8 Nov 1894, pp. 150–1; 3 Dec 1896, p. 72: Final Report of the School Board, p. 357
189. SBL Mins, 22 Nov 1900, p. 1493; June–Dec 1901, passim; 2 Oct 1902, p. 673: Final Report of the School Board, p. 357
190. POD: IBC
191. BN, 21 May 1920, p. 621
192. ILHC, cuttings L 1.7: IBC
193. IBC: information supplied by Workspace Group
194. ILHC, Thomas Hornor's ms map of Clerkenwell, 1808
195. B, 24 Aug 1867, p. 634: LMA, MJ/SP/1867/01/002
196. RB: DSR
197. DSR: TNA, HO45/9672/A46443B
198. RB: POD
199. RB: DSR: TNA, IR58/42660/2569
200. RB: POD
201. MDR 1871/12/567: DSR: RB
202. POD: RB: LMA, AR/BA/5/302
203. MDR 1879/1/271
204. TNA, IR58/42660/2577: LCC Mins, 11 Oct 1910, p.538: DSR: IBC
205. POD: IBC
206. IBC: Highbury & Islington Express, 4 Aug 2000, Homes Supplement, p. 5
207. Journal of the RIBA, March 2004, pp.32–6
208. IBC: Peter Allison (ed.), David Adjaye Houses, 2005, pp.42–50: Independent on Sunday, 3 July 2005, p.26
209. IBC
210. Private Eye, 8 Jan 1988, p.9
211. Ibid.: IBC: Islington Gazette, 5 Feb 1988, p.11
212. IBC
213. Ibid.
214. TNA, IR58/42660/2558–63: POD
215. IBC: LMA, LMA/4441/01/0334: Building Trades Journal , 15 March 1984, p.28
216. RB: POD
217. LMA, LMA/4441/01/0334: IBC
218. London Archaeologist, vol.7, no.13, 1995
219. Ogilby & Morgan's map, 1676: Pinks, p.89
220. W. H. Quarrell and Margaret Mare (eds), London in 1710 from the Travels of Zacharias Conrad von Uffenbach , 1934, pp.88–90: ILHC, cuttings L4.12: Pinks, pp. 157–61: Taste of the Town , 1731
221. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/158
222. LMA, E/NOR/L/2/4A–B; E/NOR/L/3/29: MDR 1788/5/294
223. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/29–30
224. SBL Mins: LMA, SBL/CON/R/1
225. J. J. Stevenson, House Architecture, 1880, vol.I, p.348: E. R. Robson, School Architecture, 1874, p.xi: see also Malcolm Seaborne's introduction to the 1972 facsimile edition of School Architecture, esp. pp. 17–22: and Mark Girouard, Sweetness and Light, 1977, pp.38–9, 64–9
226. Girouard, p.68
227. Stevenson, loc.cit.
228. Robson, pp.165–6
229. B, 16 Jan 1875, p.59
230. TNA, ED21/34656–7
231. Survey of London, vol.XXXVIII, 1975, pp.46–7
232. SBL Mins: BN, 15 June 1877, p.606
233. TNA, ED21/11424
234. IBC
235. DSR: ILHC, Building Act applications, vol.4: POD
236. IBC: ILHC, cuttings L1.7
237. IBC
238. FBC, Industries of Finsbury, 1949 edn, pp.44–5, 47
239. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/31,35
240. ILHC, cuttings: IBC
241. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/37/1: ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, vol.12, p. 591
242. Dennis Griffiths (ed.), The Encyclopedia of the British Press 1422–1922 , 1992, pp.233, 341–2: Dennis Griffiths, Plant Here The Standard , 1996, p.121: ODNB
243. Griffiths 1992, p.427: Griffiths 1996, pp.131–2
244. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/37/5–6: IBC
245. IBC
246. Ibid.
247. The Printers' Register, 6 March 1911, pp.4–5: MDR 1877/24/375
248. MDR 1877/24/375: TNA, IR58/42653/1801–2
249. RB: POD
250. POD: IBC
251. IBC
CHAPTER II (pp.72–85) Sekforde Street Area
1. This account of the Seckford estate and its development draws principally on the following: Mabel I. Redstone, 'Thomas Seckford the Founder', paper, 1 Oct 1957, for the History of Parliament Trust, of which there is a copy in Suffolk RO (Ipswich), HD822:4730: A. Daly Briscoe, A Tudor Worthy: Thomas Seckford of Woodbridge , 1979: Carol & Michael Weaver, The Seckford Foundation, 1987: PP 1831 (231), XI.1, 24th Report of the Commissioners for inquiring into Charities , 1830. Other sources are indicated in the text
2. TNA, PROB11/72
3. Cromwell, p.241
4. Information supplied by Mr Graham Watson, director, Seckford Foundation
5. TNA, PROB11/72: Suffolk RO (Ipswich), HD21 (480)
6. Suffolk RO (Ipswich), HD822: 4730
7. Suffolk RO (Ipswich), HB10/427/214
8. LMA, Acc/137/212–234 (Box 10)
9. 7 Geo. IV, c.24 (private), pp.491–2: LMA, MJ/OC/18, p.406: Cromwell, p.253
10. Colvin: BAL, Archives, CoC/9; CoC/10
11. Suffolk RO (Ipswich), HD822:4730
12. SE, Letters 4, pp.403–5
13. SE, Letters 1, pp.284–5
14. Ibid., pp.490–1
15. POD
16. SE, Letters 2, pp.554–5
17. SE, Letters 2, p. 572
18. SE, Letters 1, pp.206–7
19. SE, Letters 2, pp.436–7
20. SE, Letters 2, p.231
21. Nancy Martin, In A Changing World, 1982: John Grooms Association, John Grooms, 125 Years Working with Disabled People , 1991
22. LMA, LMA/4305/01/03
23. Ibid; LMA/4305/3/19
24. DSR: IBC: Suffolk RO (Ipswich), HD 822:4730
25. IBC
26. Years of Reflection: 1783–1953: The Story of Haywards of the Borough , 1953, pp.22–3
27. RB: MDR 1836/2/79
28. Hackney Archives, D/B/NIC, 2/15: RB
29. Censuses of 1881 & 1891
30. IBC: Inscribed stone on rear of houses: LMA, RM22/50
31. POD: M. S. Cotterill, 'The Development of Scottish Gas Technology 1817–1914: Inspiration and Motivation', in Industrial Archaeology Review, vol. V, No.1, Winter 1980–1, p.37: J. P. Bell, A Biographical Index of British Engineers in the 19th Century , 1975, p.55
32. SE: Pinks, p. 190
33. LMA, LMA/4305/9/19; LMA/01/03–04
34. P. Temple, Islington Chapels, 1992, p.40
35. OS of 1871–4: Pinks, p.390
36. Pinks, p.177
37. IBC
38. LMA, LMA/4305/47/29
39. John Grooms Association, John Grooms, 125 Years Working with Disabled People , 1991
40. IBC
41. ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, 26 March 1829: MDR 1830/2/398: Cromwell, pp.238–9: Pinks, p. 178: Colvin
42. ILHC, local index: IBC
43. MDR 1829/3/620
44. MDR 1834/3/118; 1837/6/706
45. LMA, RM 22/50: IBC: POD
46. IBC: POD
47. MDR: SE
48. SE, Letters 3, pp.100–1
49. H. Oliver Horne, A History of Savings Banks, 1947, p.111
50. Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal, vol. III, July 1840, p.217
51. IBC: DSR
52. POD: IBC
53. MDR 1829/4/225; 1829/6/258: SE, Letters 1, pp.191, 201–2, 205–6
54. POD: EH, Historians' File ISL 43
55. Cromwell, pp.252–3
56. RB: MDR 1769/1/429; 1772/7/243
57. SE, Letters 3, pp.395–6; Letters 5, pp.590–2: POD
58. Suffolk RO (Ipswich), GB 431/10,025 (Box 1), location DF13: POD
59. MDR
60. IBC
61. In addition to SE, this account is based on 'Recollections of The Vice Chancellor Sir James Bacon P. C. Written For His Children' (typescript, with introduction and index by Lesley Lewis), c. 1983, in London Library: Cromwell, pp.447–8: Pinks, pp. 177–8
62. LMA, Acc/137/212–234 (Box 10)
63. MDR 1836/5/391–2
64. POD
65. Cromwell, p.448
CHAPTER III (pp.86–114) Clerkenwell Green
1. 'A Survey of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem, the seat of the Revels Office', c. 1586–7, in Albert Feuillerat (ed.), Documents Relating to the Office of the Revels in the Time of Queen Elizabeth , 1908, p.48
2. LMA, E/NOR/M/284/01–02
3. TNA, E310/19/91,97: LPL, MS 2732/1–24 passim
4. TNA, C112/34/98; PROB11/160, sig.75, ff. 51v–52v: Feuillerat, p.48
5. LPL, MS 2732/1–13: LMA, E/NOR/M/284/01–02: TNA, E310/19/97: Pinks, p.289
6. Norden's map, 1593
7. Pinks, p. 102
8. TNA, E310/19/97
9. IBC
10. ILHC, 'Census of Clerkenwell', 1677 (transcript of BL, Sloane MS/3928 by T. Veevers- Thompson, 1929): TNA, PROB11 passim
11. Pinks, pp. 633, 798–9: see also Cromwell
12. LMA, E/NOR/M/284/01–02: Leicester & Rutland RO, 16 D66/461
13. James Peller Malcolm, Londinium Redivivum, vol.III, 1803, pp. 207–8
14. Pinks, pp. 107–9
15. ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Minutes 1654–1725, f.112
16. MDR 1712/4/26–7; 1712/5/86–7
17. e.g. MDR 1718/1/242; 1719/6/102
18. MDR 1737/2/29–30; 1740/1/19; 1746/2/11
19. ILHC, ms notes by Samuel Warner: RB: LMA, MR/PLT/1655–1695: MDR
20. Cromwell, p.236: James Walker's engraving of the Middlesex Sessions House, 1796
21. LMA, MR/LV/10/55,63,87: MDR
22. B. Lillywhite, London Coffee Houses, 1963, p.318: MDR 1721/3/111–12; 1768/2/163–4
23. TNA, PROB11 passim: RB: MDR: LMA, MJ/SP passim
24. RB: Sheila O'Connell, London 1753, 2003, pp.93–4: ODNB
25. Pinks, pp.633–4: The Times, 14 July 1803, p.4a
26. Real John Bull, 4 Aug 1822: Cromwell, pp.236–7
27. William Lovett, Life and Struggles of William Lovett in His Pursuit of Bread, Knowledge and Freedom , 1876
28. RB: POD
29. IBC: ILHC, FBC Mins, Vol.4, 1903–4, p.588; Vol.5, 1904–5, p.418
30. Census of 1901
31. ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, 1846–54, p.43
32. City Press, 2 Sept 1871, p.6
33. Bernard Roberts, Writers and Printers in Clerkenwell, n.d. (c. 1987): POD
34. Census of 1871 & 1891: POD: TNA, IR58/42659/2496–7: MDR 1866/13/597
35. DSR: IBC
36. Islington Gazette, 8 May 1973, p.3
37. LMA, E/NOR/M/284/01–02
38. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/83–9; MJ/OC/11, pp.124–7; MJ/OC/26, pp.374–5: MDR: Pinks, p.18
39. LMA, MBW/2612; MBW/2613
40. Horwood's map, 1792–3 edn: ILHC, ms notes by Samuel Warner: RB
41. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/84–7
42. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/88: Pinks, p.102
43. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/89/4; MJ/OC/11, pp.117, 124–7, 139–40, 194, 271; MJ/OC/20, p.393; MJ/OC/26, pp.374–5; MJ/SP/1785/05/022,026
44. Rocque's map, 1747: James Walker's engraving of the Middlesex Sessions House, 1796: Cromwell, p.236
45. ILHC, ms notes by Samuel Warner; Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, vol.1, 1856–7, pp.160, 175, 179, 194; vol.2, 1857–8, pp.31–2, 44, 585
46. ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, vol.4, 1860–62, pp.596, 606–9, 705: Pinks, pp. 102–3
47. ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, vol.6, 1864–6, pp.210, 253
48. The Times, 28 Aug 1871, p.10e
49. ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, vol.13, 1878–9, pp.220–3: MBW Mins, 14 March 1879, pp.392–3
50. LMA, MBW/1203, p.458: MBW Mins, 28 Sept 1878, p.1014; 4 April 1879, p.518: The Times, 14 Aug 1878, p.11c
51. ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, vol.19, pp.57–8
52. ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, 1898–9 (printed series), pp.39, 40, 287; 1899–1900, pp.102, 155
53. OS of 1938 (LCC revision)
54. LMA, LCC/MIN/8791, pp.24, 157–8; LCC/MIN/8793, pp.17–18, 59: LCC/MIN/9023, 27 Jan 1950, item 16: LCC Mins, 1–2 July 1952, p.332; 7 Feb 1956, p.42: Islington Gazette , 8 May 1973, p.3
55. ILHC, FBC Mins, 8 May 1958, p.40; 9 Jan 1964, p.601: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/17/093912
56. ILHC, cuttings: The Times, 20 Oct 1964, p.14f; 5 May 1967, p.11c: Architectural Review, vol.145, May 1969, pp.363–5
57. The following draws particularly on Andrew Rothstein, A House on Clerkenwell Green , 1972 edn
58. The Times, 21 Aug 1794, p.2d; 22 Aug 1794, p.2b
59. Cromwell, pp.258–9
60. see Andrew Whitehead, 'Red London: Radicals and socialists in late-Victorian Clerkenwell', in Socialist History, vol.18, 2000, pp. 1–31
61. Rothstein, p.27
62. Whitehead, p. 3
63. The Times, 16 Feb 1839, p.6a; 24 April 1866, p.12c; 22 Nov 1867, p. 5c
64. The Times, 15 July 1884, p.10b
65. ILN, 29 Oct 1887, p. 504
66. ILN, 19 Nov 1887, pp.605–6: Commonweal, vol.3, no.97, Nov 1887, pp.369–70: E. P. Thompson, William Morris: Romantic to Revolutionary , 1977 edn, pp.488–90
67. The Times, 18 Aug 1842, p.6f; 20 Aug 1842, p.6d; 31 May 1848, p.5d; 23 Dec 1887, p.9c: LMA, MJ/SP/1888/01/007,029–31
68. The Times, 31 May 1848, p.5d; 1 June 1848, p.8b; 2 June 1848, p.8d; 25 July 1848, p.5f
69. Quoted in Rothstein, p.29
70. The Times, 20 Oct 1873, p.7d: The Graphic, 19 Oct 1872, pp.367, 369: ILHC, cuttings
71. George Gissing, The Nether World, 1889, Chapter 21
72. LMA, MA/S/29,40,44
73. LMA, MA/S/46
74. LMA, MA/S/47
75. LMA, MA/S/57
76. LMA, MA/S/65,114
77. 18 Geo. III, c. 67
78. LMA, MA/S/58,64,67
79. LMA, MA/S/59,75,78
80. LMA, MA/S/136,138
81. LMA, MA/S/134,150: Public Advertiser, 31 Aug 1779
82. LMA, MA/S/160,430
83. LMA, MA/S/196,210
84. J. P. Malcolm, Londinium Redivivum, vol.III, 1803, p.239
85. LMA, MA/S/98–9
86. LMA, MA/S/160
87. LMA, MA/S/163
88. LMA, MA/S/167,172
89. V&A Museum, MSL/8184–1979, p. 6 (information kindly supplied by John Kenworthy-Browne)
90. J. T. Smith, Nollekens and His Times, 1829 edn, vol.II, p.123
91. Geoffrey Beard, The Work of Robert Adam, 1978, p. 11
92. King's College London Archives, Leathes 7/7: New Monthly Magazine , 1 Feb 1818, pp.8–9: Gentleman's Magazine , March 1818, pp.273–6: B, 3 July 1914, pp.3–4
93. B, 29 June 1850, p. 303; 5 Feb 1915, p.130: Colvin, pp.228–30,833: Clare Graham, Ordering Law. The Architectural and Social History of the English Law Court to 1914 , 2003, p.397: ODNB
94. Gentleman's Magazine, Oct 1817, p.368
95. LMA, MA/S/189; MJ/OC/11, pp.9–10
96. LMA, MA/DCP/87: George Richardson, New Vitruvius Britannicus , 1802, Plate xxxiv
97. Graham, pp.76, 79–80, 89, 105–6, 142–3; figs 41,45–7,49
98. LMA, MA/S/210,212,227; MJ/OC/10a, pp.539–40; MJ/OC/11, p. 11
99. LMA, MA/S/50,56
100. LMA, MA/S/191–3
101. John Bull, 13 Jan 1833
102. LMA, MA/S/424
103. ILHC, cuttings: New Vitruvius Britannicus: LMA, MA/S/211; MA/S/357; MA/S/372
104. LMA, MJ/OC/11, pp.47, 117, 139–40; MJ/OC/21, pp.34, 282
105. LMA, MJ/OC/19, pp.10–11, 39
106. LMA, MJ/OC/36, pp.204–5; MJ/SP/1827/07/060/01; MJ/SP/1827/07/061/01
107. LMA, MJ/OC/11, pp.430, 437, 460
108. John Bull, 13 Jan 1833
109. LMA, MJ/OC/36, p.206: B, 25 Jan 1845, p.46
110. LMA, MJ/SP/XX/693
111. LMA, MJ/OC/49, p.208; MJ/SP/1857/08/008; MJ/SP/XX/696–7,702; MA/DCP/74a—b; MA/S/478–9
112. LMA, MJ/SP/XX/697–8; MA/S/479: BN, 5 Aug 1859, p.715
113. B, 19 May 1860, p.314
114. LMA, MJ/SP/XX/698/01–14
115. BN, 5 Aug 1859, p.715
116. LMA, GLC/AR/HB/02/0064
117. BN, 5 Aug 1859, p.715; 27 July 1860, p.584
118. LMA, MJ/SP/1860/01/007
119. BN, 5 Aug 1859, p.715; 3 Feb 1860, pp.76, 79: LMA, MJ/OC/51, pp.524, 551
120. LMA, MJ/OC/51, pp.489–90, 551; MJ/OC/53, p.106
121. LMA, MJ/OC/72, pp.320–1; MBW/1176, pp.402–3: B, 3 Aug 1878, p.815
122. LMA, LCC/MIN/2803, p.710: LCC Mins, 15 Nov 1910, pp. 1006–10
123. LCC Mins, 21 Dec 1920, p.1061; 8 Feb 1921, p.190
124. LCC Mins, 8 May 1923, p.710: TNA, IR58/42678/4400: LMA, LCC/MIN/7843, pp.55, 95
125. DSR: IBC
126. ILHC, cuttings L7.1: Evening Standard, 12 May 1978, p. 17: Michael Cohen, 'Preserve or Perish? Case Studies of Six Historic Buildings in Greater London', in London Journal , vol.6, no.2, Winter 1980, pp.181–2: Len Cacutt, The Old Sessions House. Its setting and its history, 1999: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/HB/02/0064
127. IBC
128. Times Weekend, 25 Sept 1999, p.13: Sunday Times Magazine , 29 March 1998, pp.64–6: AJ, 30 Oct 1997, pp.28–9, 35–52
129. MDR 1878/29/436–9; 1879/18/924: DSR
130. The Times, 13 Nov 1880, p.16d
131. POD: RB
132. Olive O. Chant (later Pursaill), The Sign of the Peel, 1913, pp.31–2: ILHC, cuttings
133. Marx House Bulletin, Nov 1935, p.6, in Hull University Archives, Papers of Robin Page Arnot, DAR(2)/11/128
134. LMA, LCC/FB/GEN/9/25: The Times, 9 June 1913, p.18c; 11 June 1913, p.10e: DSR: TNA, IR58/42674/ 3972–7: IBC
135. IBC: DSR
136. POD
137. IBC
138. The Manuscripts of the House of Lords, vol.6 (New Series), 1912, p.383: Cromwell, pp.172–4: MDR 1712/4/26–28
139. RB: MDR 1758/1/276–7: C. Clutton, the late G. H. Baillie & C. A. Ilbert (eds), Britten's Old Clocks and Watches and their Makers , 1973 edn, pp.352, 393
140. POD: Censuses 1851–1891
141. EH, London Region photographs
142. IBC
143. IBC: ILHC, cuttings L1.7
144. LMA, MR/LV/9/100; MR/LV/10/55
145. MDR 1863/22/274; 1866/23/81,141; 1867/6/17–18; 1867/12/738
146. M. H. Port, 'An Architect's Progress in the 1850s and 60s', in East London Papers, vol.ii, no.1, Summer 1968, pp.20–39: M. Girouard, Victorian Pubs, 1984, pp.126–9: M. H. Port, 'The Life of an Architectural Sinner: Thomas Wayland Fletcher, 1833–1901', in London Journal, vol.15, no.1, 1990, pp. 57–71
147. MBW Mins, 28 Sept 1866, p.1186: B, 27 Oct 1866, p. 804
148. Port, 1968, p.38: Port, 1990, pp.62, 69
149. Port, 1990, p.61
150. DSR
151. POD
152. TNA, IR58/42660/2499–502: IBC
153. IBC: BAL, Biog. file
154. Ibid
155. POD
156. IBC
157. MDR 1758/2/436; 1771/2/282; 1771/6/47: RB
158. RB: TNA, PROB11/941: MDR 1771/2/282
159. IBC
160. DSR: LMA, GLC/RA/D2G/4/24: IBC
161. IBC: ILHC, cuttings
162. Ibid
163. Andrew Rothstein, A House on Clerkenwell Green, 1983 edn, offers a detailed 'political' history of No. 37a
164. Rachel Leighton, Rise and Progress. The Story of the Welsh Girls' School and of the Honourable and Loyal Society of Ancient Britons , 1950
165. National Library of Wales, Ashford Mss 1: Gentleman's Magazine , Nov 1788, p.952
166. Daily Post, 18 Sept 1724: National Library of Wales, Ashford Mss 2
167. National Library of Wales, Ashford Mss 2
168. MDR 1746/2/10
169. National Library of Wales, Ashford Mss 3
170. National Library of Wales, Ashford Mss 2
171. Ibid: Colvin
172. National Library of Wales, Ashford Mss 3
173. National Library of Wales, Ashford Mss 2
174. Ibid
175. Ibid
176. R. T. Jenkins and Helen M. Ramage, A History of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion , 1951: Leighton, pp. 54–6, 151
177. National Library of Wales, Ashford Mss 3 & 99
178. National Library of Wales, Ashford Mss 3
179. Gazetteer and New Daily Advertiser, 24 Aug 1772: Public Advertiser , 28 Aug 1772: National Library of Wales, Ashford Mss 2: MDR 1772/7/231
180. RB: MDR 1778/7/162
181. Cromwell, p. 179
182. ILHC, ms notes by Samuel Warner, p.2: The Times, 25 Nov 1831, p.2f
183. MDR 1884/27/650
184. Rothstein, pp.37–42
185. RB: POD
186. T. A. Jackson, The History and Working Class Associations and Traditions of Clerkenwell Green , supplement to Counter Attack , Dec 1933: Howell Collection, Bishopsgate Institute, 'Minute Book of General Council of International Workingmen's Association, 1866–69' and notebook: Documents of the First International, 1864–1866, 2 vols, Lawrence & Wishart, London, n.d.
187. Rothstein, pp.58–60: RB: POD
188. TNA, IR58/42659/2494–5: DSR
189. POD
190. IBC: Rothstein p.72
191. POD: RB
192. Hull University Archives, Papers of Robin Page Arnot, DAR(2)/11/4
193. Rothstein, p.74: Marx Memorial Library, Quarterly Bulletin , no.26, April—June 1963
194. Hull University Archives, DAR(2)/11/5; Marx Memorial Library, 40th Anniversary Programme, 1973, in DAR(1)/38
195. Hull University Archives, DAR(2)/11/3
196. Marx Memorial Library, Quarterly Bulletin, no.26, April—June 1963
197. Rothstein, pp.73–5: 1933 photograph of No. 37a, reproduced in a Marx Memorial Library leaflet
198. Marx House Bulletin, March 1935, in Hull University Archives, DAR(2)/11/127
199. Marx Memorial Library and Workers' School, Annual Report , 1940, in Hull University Archives, DAR(2)/11/10: The Studio, vol.120, July—Dec 1940, p.137
200. Hull University Archives, DAR(2)/11/13,15,31: POD
201. POD
202. Ibid: Hull University Archives, DAR(2)/11/13,15,31
203. Rothstein, pp.76–7: POD
204. V. I. Lenin, Collected Works, vol.19, 1977, p.371, translated by George Hanna
205. TNA, IR58/42659/2494–5
206. IBC
207. POD: RB: IBC
208. Marx Memorial Library, Quarterly Bulletin, no.11, July—Sept 1959, p.5; no.27, July—Sept 1963
209. Marx House Bulletin, Nov 1935, in Hull University Archives, DAR(2)/11/128
210. Daily Mirror, 10 Oct 1935: Guardian, 20 June 1969
211. LMA, LCC/MIN/9051
212. The Times, 5 May 1967, p.11c
213. EH, Historians' file ISL 2 (part 2), including draft minutes of the Historic Buildings Council's discussions: Historic Buildings Council for England, Sixteenth Annual Report, 1968, p. 19
214. MDR 1746/2/11: RB
215. DSR: IBC
216. MDR 1746/2/11
217. ILHC, Thomas Hornor's ms map of Clerkenwell, 1808: Cromwell, 'St. James's Church. South View', opposite p.202
218. IBC
219. ILHC, ms notes by Samuel Warner, p.3: GL, MS/11936/29
220. MDR 1788/8/835: Cromwell, pp.210–11: ILHC, Thomas Hornor's ms map of Clerkenwell, 1808
221. RB: ILHC, St James's Church Trustees Mins, 19 Oct 1836, 16 Nov 1836, 21 Dec 1836: Colvin, p.135
222. LMA, MJ/SP/1814,1827 passim
223. MDR 1838/4/607; 1849/8/857; 1869/8/538–9: RB
224. ILHC, oversize cuttings L4.6
225. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/12/011: MBW Mins, 23 July 1886, p.173; 1 April 1887, p.573; 21 Oct 1887, pp.575, 585; 10 Feb 1888, p.239
226. B, 15 May 1869, p.395: MDR 1869/8/538–9: Architect's, Engineer's and Building-Trades' Directory , 1868
227. MDR 1838/5/607; 1849/8/857: POD
228. ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, vol.12, 1876–8, pp.209, 227, 352: B, 21 Oct 1876, p.1035
229. POD: RB
230. ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, printed series, 1897–8, pp.112, 296, 407: MDR 1897/15/648–9: TNA, IR58/42659/2486
231. ILHC, FBC Mins, vol.4, pp.166, 282, 587; vol.5, p.203; vol.6, p.686
232. RB: MDR: ILHC, photographs of c.1900 by Henry Fincham
233. IBC
234. RB: IBC
235. Information kindly supplied by Gill Jackson of Robert Hale Ltd
236. RB: POD: PP 1831 (231), XI. 1, 24th Report of the Commissioners for inquiring into Charities , 1830, p.618
237. DSR: Suffolk RO (Ipswich), Seckford Estate, Letters 4, p.495; Letters 5, pp.3, 17–18
238. MDR 1859/10/262: TNA, IR58/42659/2483: DSR: T. Goode, printer, various works
CHAPTER IV (pp.115–141)
St John's Church and St John's Square
1. George Gissing, The Nether World, 1889
2. MDR 1722/1/109
3. Barney Sloane and Gordon Malcolm, Excavations at the Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem, Clerkenwell, London (MoLAS Monograph 20), 2004
4. For details of these remains see Kevin Wooldridge, '49–52 St John's Square, Clerkenwell, London EC1. Excavation and recording of the standing building', in Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society , vol.38, 1987, pp.131–50
5. Letters and Papers of Henry VIII, vol.21, pt 1, 1546, p.567: David Starkey (ed.), The Inventory of King Henry VIII: vol.I, The Transcript , 1998, pp.344–6
6. Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Edward VI, vol.II (1548–1549), pp.20–1
7. Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Philip and Mary, vol.IV (1557–1558), pp.313–14
8. E. K. Chambers, The Elizabethan Stage, 1923, vol.i, pp.10–11, 101–2
9. A. Feuillerat (ed.), Documents relating to the Office of the Revels in the time of Queen Elizabeth , 1908, p.48
10. Chambers, pp.90, 223–4
11. Calendar of State Papers Domestic, James I (1603–1610), p.356: MLOSJ, K/12/1/1
12. MLOSJ, K/12/1/1: LPL, MS 2372/7: LMA, E/POL/1,3
13. LPL, MS 2372/11
14. GEC
15. TNA, PROB11/239, sig.356: LPL, MSS 2732/14–15: GEC
16. W. E. Buckley (ed.), Memoirs of Thomas, Earl of Ailesbury. Written by himself , 1890, vol.i, p.21
17. Wilts. & Swindon RO, 1300/670, p.66; 1300/671, pp.144–5, 272–3: Gunnis, p.87
18. RB: TNA, PROB11/133, sig.4; C7/552/108; C10/493/228
19. TNA, PROB11/160, sig.75
20. GL, MS 14,806: RB
21. B, 26 June 1931, p.1125
22. TNA, C5/240/42: MDR 1715/1/143–4
23. TNA, C10/243/220: MDR 1715/1/143–4: TNA, PROB11/374, sig.110
24. Roger North, Lives of the Norths, ed. A. Jessop, 3 vols, 1826, vol.1, pp.xv–xvi: MDR 1722/4/342–3
25. LPL, MS 2372/26
26. MDR 1726–8, sub Hartshorne, Westbrooke
27. GL, MS 8674/4, f.667; MS 8674/71, f.258: MDR 1761/4/192
28. MDR 1717/5/241
29. GL, MS 8674/4, f.667; MS 8674/71, f.258
30. O. A. Sherrard, A Life of John Wilkes, 1930, pp.13–14: Percy Fitzgerald, The Life and Times of John Wilkes, M.P., 1888, vol.1, pp.7–9
31. RB: POD: H. R. Plomer, A Dictionary of Printers and Booksellers … 1726 to 1775, 1932, pp.84–5, 215: Philip A. H. Brown, London Publishers and Printers, c. 1800–1870, 1982, pp.31, 72, 111
32. RB: MDR: Geoffrey Beard and Christopher Gilbert (eds), Dictionary of English Furniture Makers 1660–1840, 1986 passim: C. Clutton, the late G. H. Baillie & C. A. Ilbert (eds), Britten's Old Clocks and Watches and their Makers, 1973 edn, passim
33. GL, MS 11936 passim
34. ODNB: RB: MDR: Pinks, p.329
35. ILHC, Clerkenwell Charity School Trustees Mins, 1740–74; Accounts, 1729–72: Cromwell, p.231
36. RB
37. Gentleman's Magazine, June 1817, p.497: B, 3 April 1858, p.238; 22 Aug 1863, p.597: 1851 census
38. MDR 1822/1/120
39. RB: MLOSJ, K33/2–8; K37/2–3
40. 1901 census: W. Dawson, A Mid-London Parish: Short History of the Parish of S. John, Clerkenwell , 1885, pp. 40–6: Home Mission Field, Feb 1903, pp. 12–15: CERC, Church Commissioners' file 72319(1)
41. LMA, LCC/MIN/7383, case 9
42. BLPES, Booth survey notebooks, B353, pp.148–9
43. Home Mission Field, Feb 1903, p.14
44. CERC, Church Commissioners' file 72318(1)
45. MLOSJ, K37/7
46. IBC
47. Ibid
48. MLOSJ, K/40: B, 1 Sept 1900, p.191
49. Sloane and Malcolm, pp.40, 43
50. For a detailed study of the priory church's development, see Sloane and Malcolm
51. John Stow, A Survey of London, ed. C. L. Kingsford, 1908, vol.2, p.84
52. Alfred W. Clapham, 'St. John of Jerusalem, Clerkenwell', in Transactions of the St. Paul's Ecclesiological Society, vol.VII, pt II, 1912, pp.39–40
53. Letters and Papers of Henry VIII, vol.21, pt 1, 1546, p.567: Stow, vol.2, p.84: Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society , New Series, vol.IX, 1948, pp.181–7
54. Sloane and Malcolm, p.147: LMA, E/POL/1: LPL, MS 2732/7
55. LPL, MS 2732/11: GEC: Thomas Fuller, The ChurchHistory of Britain (1655), 1845 edn, ed. Rev. J. S. Brewer, vol.III, p.490
56. Fuller, op.et loc.cit
57. LPL, MS 2732/14,20,25–6: LMA, P76/JNB/24, pp.4–5: Fuller, op.et loc.cit
58. LPL, MS 2732/26–35: MDR 1714/5/180–1
59. LPL, MS 2713, f.69: The Manuscripts of the House of Lords, vol. VIII (New Series), 1708–1790, p.368: T. E. S. Clarke and H. C. Foxcroft, A Life of Gilbert Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury , 1907, p.441
60. M. H. Port (ed.), The Commissions for Building Fifty New Churches , 1986, p.4
61. LPL, MS 2713, f.69
62. LPL, MSS 2732/37–40: LMA, P76/JNB/24, pp.4–5
63. LPL, MS 2732/41; MS 2713, ff.79–81
64. Survey of London, vol.xxvii, 1957, pp. 152–3 and Chapter XIII
65. LPL, MS 2713, ff. 83, 88–90, 94, 105–7: Port, p.102
66. William Hone, The Every-Day Book, 13 Nov 1825, cols 1475–82: Cromwell, pp. 141–2: B, 15 June 1867, p. 427
67. LPL, MS 2713, ff. 111, 115–16
68. Port, p. 110: LPL, MS 2706, p. 199
69. LMA, P76/JNB/ 24, pp.280–3, 285–8
70. MLOSJ, portfolio B7/3: LMA, P76/JNB/24, pp.389–93, 414; P76/JNB/25, pp.240, 244: B, 15 June 1867, p. 426
71. Dawson, pp.71–2: LMA, P76/JNB/25, April 1884–July 1885: BAL, Archives, MSS ScJO/1/1, p. 143; ScJO/2/2, p.73; Drawings Collection, ScJ[42](1–3): B, 16 April 1887, p. 587
72. Gentleman's Magazine, May 1827, pp.402–3: Cromwell, pp. 144–7
73. B, 7 Oct 1854, p.519: Echo, 19 July 1889: H. W. Fincham, The Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, 1933 edn, p.66
74. London Gazette, 2 June 1931, pp.3545–7
75. LMA, P76/JNB/25 passim; P76/JNB/26, pp.9, 11–12: MLOSJ, K28/ 34: Islington Daily Gazette, 28 Dec 1910
76. BAL, Archives, MSS ScJO/1/1, p. 143; ScJO/2/2, p.73; Drawings Collection, ScJ[42] (4,6–9): MLOSJ, K40/1/2 (Hudson MS): Echo, 27 Jan 1890
77. BAL, Archives, MSS ScJO/1/1, p. 142; ScJO/2/2, p.73; Drawings Collection, ScJ[42](5): B, 1 Sept 1900, p. 191
78. LMA, P76/JNB/26, p.5: BAL, Archives, MSS ScJO/1/1, p. 142; ScJO/2/2, p.59: CERC, Church Commissioners' file 72319½
79. MLOSJ, Order of St John, Annual Report, 1930, p.32; Council Mins, 1927–35, pp.263, 1935–40, pp.38, 54, 129; K33/8
80. MLOSJ, Church Committee Mins, 1 July 1941, 7 Jan 1943
81. BAL, Archives, COJ/130/5–11 passim; Biog. file
82. BAL, Archives, COJ/130/5, Shaftesbury to Comper, 8, 22 April 1943
83. MLOSJ, Church Committee Mins, 19 Jan 1944
84. MLOSJ, K27/36; B7/3/714–26; Church Committee Mins, 21 Sept 1943
85. MLOSJ, Church Rebuilding box file, Sharpe to Barnes, Sept, Dec 1948
86. MLOSJ, Church Committee Mins, 12 July 1951; K/34, Paget diary note, 1 May 1951
87. Quoted in A. Symondson, Sir Ninian Comper: The Last Gothic Revivalist. The Life and Work of Sir Ninian Comper 1864–1960 (Exhibition Catalogue, RIBA Heinz Gallery), 1988, p.29
88. Symondson, op. et loc.cit
89. MLOSJ, K/34, Lady Brabourne to Paget, 23 July 1951
90. MLOSJ, Church Committee Mins, 5 Nov 1951; 7 May 1952, 5 Feb 1953
91. MLOSJ, K/34, Mottistone to Comper, 10 Dec 1951; Comper to Mottistone, 18 Dec 1951: BAL, Archives, COJ/130/11, Shaftesbury to Comper, 8 Dec 1951
92. MLOSJ, Church Committee Mins, 5 Nov 1951
93. MLOSJ, H4
94. B, 24 Oct 1958, p.689
95. Daily Telegraph, 14 Oct 1958
96. MLOSJ, Church Committee Mins, 7 July 1955: B, 24 Oct 1958, p. 689
97. Pinks, p.47
98. Gentleman's Magazine, June 1788, p.501
99. ILHC, St James's Trustees Mins, 11 April 1788
100. Gentleman's Magazine, June 1784, p.409
101. Gentleman's Magazine, Oct 1788, pp.853–4: Notes & Queries , 9 April 1859, p.496: information kindly supplied by Maurice Dunman
102. Pinks, p.66
103. Fincham, p.75: GL, MS 18,319/59
104. MLOSJ, notes on church fabric
105. This section is based on MLOSJ, Order of St John, Report of the Chapter-General for the two years ended 31 December 1915 , pp.38–9: Marjorie Trusted, 'A work by Esteban Jordán: an effigy of a Spanish Knight of the Order of St John', in Boletín del Seminario de Estudios de Arte y Arqueología (Valladolid), 1987, vol.LIII, pp.351–9: Fincham, p.69
106. BAL, Drawings Collection, ScC[28](1)
107. Fincham, pp.55–8: The Times, 25 June 1914, p. 11e
108. Fincham, pp.55–8: ILHC, cuttings file L2.276
109. MLOSJ, K40/1/12 (Hudson MS); K40/5/28
110. Pinks, p.312: GL, MS 9580, vol.7, p.54: Church News, 30 Nov 1863: The Christian Freeman, May 1871, p.72
111. LMA, MBO 22, pp.42–62; MBO 72/436, pp.436–7, 440, 445: Pinks, pp.329–30
112. B, 7 May 1887, p.689; 5 Jan 1889, p.20; 26 July 1890, p.77: LCC Mins, 1895, 1899: BN, 12 Aug 1898 (tender)
113. ILHC, cuttings
114. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/36/003524
115. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/36/003524; GLC/AR/BR/07/ 0210: IBC
116. City Press, 11 Jan 1973, p.21: ILHC, cuttings: IBC
117. MDR 1906/16/266; 1909/21/197–8: POD: www.moderncityliving.net
118. IBC
119. DSR: IBC
120. IBC
121. Plaque on building
122. RB: POD
123. MDR 1843/6/83: FBC, Industries of Finsbury, 1949 edn, p.77; 1954 edn, p. 115
124. ILN, 20 Sept 1851, pp.370–1: Pinks, pp.314–17
125. POD: RB: Industries of Finsbury, 1949 edn, p. 77
126. TNA, IR58/42675/4020: DSR: IBC
127. IBC: Industries of Finsbury, 1954 edn, p.115
128. IBC
129. Ibid: information supplied by Meritcape Ltd
130. RB: Apollo, vol.22, 1935, p. 337
131. Daily Courant, 4 Aug 1731
132. Quoted in Apollo, vol.22, 1935, p.337
133. GL, MS 11936/31
134. RB: MDR 1778/7/190–1: GL, MS 11936/122
135. TNA, PROB11/834, sig.370: MDR 1778/7/190–1
136. MDR 1887/1/213
137. RB: LMA, MR/LV/100,115,122,158
138. MDR 1826/11/3; 1843/6/83: POD
139. Censuses of 1851–71
140. B, 15 June 1867, p.426
141. RB: POD: Jeweller's and Metalworker's Almanack, 1879: MDR 1887/1/213
142. TNA, IR 58/42675/4018
143. DSR
144. Information kindly supplied by Billy Gall-Gray of McCann-Erickson
145. MDR 1786/1/52; 1780/3/478
146. RB: C. Clutton, the late G. H. Baillie and C. A. Ilbert (eds), Britten's Old Clocks and Watches and their Makers, 1973 edn, pp.433, 508
147. MDR 1780/2/306; 1780/3/478
148. RB: MDR 1786/1/52; 1805/6/768
149. RB: Philip A. H. Brown, London Publishers and Printers c.1800–1870, 1982, p. 113
150. ILHC, Finsbury Dispensary Mins, 1795–1808, 12 Feb–6 Aug 1806: RB: POD
151. RB
152. Pinks, p.312
153. RB
154. EH, London Region photographs
155. Brown, p.58: MDR 1831/5/786: LMA, HFCS/303–7: RB
156. FBC, Industries of Finsbury, 1954 edn, p. 115: POD
157. IBC
158. Ibid
159. Ibid
160. RB: MDR: IBC
161. This account is based largely on [Ned Ward] A Compleat and Humorous Account Of all the Remarkable Clubs and Societies in the Cities of London and Westminster , 1756 edn, pp.299–302: Sir John Hawkins, A General History of the Science and Practice of Music , 1875 edn, vol. II, pp.700, 788–93: Stanley Sadie (ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians , 1980, vol.3, p.308
162. Ward, p. 302
163. TNA, C10/430/32: LMA, O/126/1–3
164. MDR 1727/6/315: MDR 1727–31 passim, sub Cook
165. MDR 1727–31 passim, sub Cook: RB: LMA, HFCS/15, 22 Oct 1731
166. OS: LMA, photographs
167. Thomas Pennant, Some Account of London, 2nd edn, 1791, pp.211–12: GEC
168. RB: MDR: GL, MS 8674 passim: MS 24172
169. LMA, MR/LV/9/100
170. RB
171. LMA, O/126/5–6: MDR 1780–3 passim, sub Graves: RB
172. RB: POD: Censuses of 1841 & 1851
173. LMA, photograph (84/4040)
174. RB: MDR 1729–31: GL, MS 8674/40, ff.40–1; MS 8674/55, f.97
175. MDR 1782/2/60
176. RB: Colvin, p.216
177. B, 15 June 1867, p.427; 3 March 1877, p.217
178. DSR 1876/168–9: RB
179. IBC: information kindly provided by David Quigley
CHAPTER V (pp.142–163)
St John's Gate and St John's Lane
1. ILHC, cuttings L2.277
2. Suggested by Barney Sloane
3. Barney Sloane and Gordon Malcolm, Excavations at the Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem, Clerkenwell, London , 2004, pp. 173–4, 196–7
4. Sloane and Malcolm, pp.141–2
5. TNA, C142/309/188: LMA, Q/DEW/23: PROB11/194, sig. 127: Centre for Kentish Studies, E265/2–6; T 102/1–3
6. RB: John Lord Campbell, The Lives of the Chief Justices of England , vol. 1, 1849, pp. 503–10
7. Surrey Local Studies Centre, U269/T102/1: H. W. Fincham, The Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, 1933 edn, pp.37–8: Pinks, pp.334–5
8. ILHC, cuttings L1.7: information kindly provided by Gordon Brindley and Yvonne E. Long
9. RB: History of Parliament
10. John Smyth, The Berkeley Manuscripts, vol.II, The Lives of the Berkeleys , 1883, pp.428, 437: TNA, PROB 11/139, sig.10: Cromwell, pp. 164–5: Pinks, pp.40, 279–80
11. E. S. De Beer (ed.), The Diary of John Evelyn, vol. IV, 1955, p. 607: The Autobiography of Sir John Bramston, K. B., Camden Society, Old Series, vol.32, 1845, p.332: Narcissus Luttrell, A Brief Historical Relation of State Affairs from September 1678 to April 1714 , 1857 edn, vol.1, pp.474, 477: Pinks, p.310: ODNB: Lincolnshire Archives, NEL III/18/1a
12. TNA, C10/168/129: Ogilby & Morgan's map, 1676
13. MDR 1725/6/448
14. MDR 1723/5/29
15. MDR 1742/4/407; 1714–22 passim
16. H. R. Plomer, A Dictionary of Printers and Booksellers … 1688 to 1725 , 1922, p. 106
17. Michael Treadwell, 'London Printers and Printing-Houses in 1705', in Publishing History, vol. VII, 1980, pp.23–4: John Nichols, Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century, 1812, vol.1, pp.288–310: Plomer, pp.33–4, 106, 159–60, 295
18. RB
19. RB: MDR: ILHC, cuttings: Geoffrey Beard and Christopher Gilbert (eds), Dictionary of English Furniture Makers 1660–1840, 1986: GL, MS 11936 passim
20. ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, vol.12 (1876–8), pp.540, 545: BLPES, Booth survey notebooks, B353, pp. 156–7
21. BLPES, Booth survey notebooks, B353, pp. 156–9, 161
22. ILHC, Thomas Hornor's ms map of Clerkenwell, 1808: RB: POD
23. LMA, LCC bomb damage map 62: IBC
24. IBC
25. Ibid
26. Sloane and Malcolm, p.169: ILN, 2 Feb 1856, pp. 133–4
27. Sloane and Malcolm, p.136
28. MLOSJ, K36/18/1
29. Cromwell, p. 131: B. Foster, Ye History of ye Priory and Gate of St. John , 1851, p.35
30. A. Feuillerat (ed.), Documents Relating to the Office of the Revels , 1908, p.7
31. Calendar of State Papers Domestic, 1603–10, p. 170
32. TNA, PROB11/128, sig.109: GEC: MDR 1736/5/283–4; 1781 sub Newcastle, Duke of
33. Home Counties Magazine, vol. 10, 1908, pp.260–7: Notes and Queries , vol. 179, 27 July 1940, p. 58: RB
34. BL, Add. MS 6212, f.71
35. RB: Anthony D. Barker, 'Edward Cave, Samuel Johnson and the Gentleman's Magazine', D.Phil. dissertation, Christ Church, Oxford, 1981, pp. 14–15: London Gazette, 14–19 Oct 1669; 27 June—1 July 1678
36. ODNB
37. Treadwell, p.24: Plomer, pp. 159–60, 295: Barker, pp.11–15: RB
38. RB: Barker, p. 15: ODNB: B. Lillywhite, London Coffee Houses , 1963, pp.269–70: The Times, 26 Jan 1799, p.4a: MLOSJ, K26 passim: LMA, MR/LV passim
39. Barker, p. 13: RB
40. Except where otherwise indicated, this and the following two paragraphs are based on C. Lennart Carlson, The First Magazine. A History of the Gentleman's Magazine , 1938, pp.3–30: Thomas Keymer's Introduction to the 1988 reprint of the Gentleman's Magazine, vol.I, 1731, pp.vii-xxiv: Barker, passim: ODNB
41. MDR 1750/2/354
42. Gentleman's Magazine, Aug 1752, p. 383
43. James M. Kuist, The Nichols File of The Gentleman's Magazine , 1982, pp.vii,4: ODNB
44. ILHC, St John's Clerkenwell, Paving Commissioners' Mins, 4 Sept 1812–2 July 1813, passim
45. ILHC, cuttings: Foster, p.67n: MLOSJ, Press Cuttings A, p.20: The Times, 30 July 1833, p.3c
46. MLOSJ, Hudson MS, p. 14: ILHC, St John's Clerkenwell, Paving Commissioners' Mins, 6 Dec 1844–7 Dec 1845
47. BL, Add Ms 71008
48. ILHC, St John's Clerkenwell, Paving Commissioners' Mins, 1771–81, ff.10, 14,19,37,42–4; St John's Clerkenwell, Paving Ledger, 1771–90, f.8: BL, Add. MS 71008, f.43v
49. Except where otherwise indicated, this section is based on MLOSJ, 06 (W. P. Griffith's papers on St John's Gate, of 1845–78, selected and bound in 1909 by the Rev. T. W. Wood), pp.3–45
50. DSR: The Times, 31 March 1845, p.8d: ILN, 2 Aug 1845, p.70
51. B, 19 June 1847, p.289
52. John Wilson, A Concise Account of St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell , 2nd edn, 1869, pp.18–25, 29: J. R. S. Vine, A Record of the Urban Club and its Old Home at St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell , 1879, p.9
53. The Times, 20 Oct 1866, p.10c: B, 20 Oct 1866, p.781; 15 June 1867, pp.424–5: Wilson, pp.5, 18–21: MLOSJ, K26/38
54. MLOSJ, K26/42
55. MLOSJ, 06, p.17; Hunter Weston Papers, Lechmere to Weston, 9 Nov 1871
56. MLOSJ, Hunter Weston Papers, Lechmere to Weston, 20,21 April 1873
57. MLOSJ, Council Mins, 1871–3, p.80; K26/51–2, 60–1; 'Occupation' file
58. Andrew Saint, Richard Norman Shaw, 1983 edn, pp.404, 407, 409–10, 449
59. MLOSJ, Hunter Weston Papers, Lechmere to Col. Weston, 5 Jan 1877
60. MLOSJ, Council Mins, 1871–83, pp.87, 90
61. MLOSJ, Hunter Weston Papers, Lechmere to Col. Weston, 5 Jan 1877
62. Royal Academy Library, Prints & Drawings Collection, Shaw drawings RP2/11A
63. The Times, 3 July 1876, p.5d
64. MLOSJ, Council Mins, 1871–83, p.333: Hunter Weston Papers, Lechmere to Col. Weston, 15 Jan 1877, 28 April 1877
65. B, 1 July 1876, p.652
66. BAL, Drawings Collection, ScC[34](1–7); Archives, MS ScJO/1/1, p. 142
67. E. Walford, In Memoriam. Sir Edmund A. H. Lechmere, Baronet , 1895, pp.6, 10, 16, 20–1
68. MLOSJ, Council Mins
69. MLOSJ, K36/12, Scott to Lechmere, 7 Feb 1885
70. MLOSJ, K36/12, Scott to Lechmere, 7 Feb 1885: BAL, Archives, MS ScJO/1/1, pp.142–3
71. MLOSJ, 'Tavern' file; K26/59; K36/13/6
72. MLOSJ, K36/13/19; K36/16/4
73. MLOSJ, K36/16/4: BAL, Archives, MS ScJO/1/1, p.143; Drawings Collection, ScJ[52](1)
74. BAL, Archives, MS ScJO/1/1, p. 142; Drawings Collection, ScJ[19](3–4)
75. BAL, Archives, MS [Ledger IV]; Drawings Collection, ScJ[34](8)
76. MLOSJ, K36/19/10/1; St John's Gate Co. reports: DSR
77. MLOSJ, K36/10/17
78. MLOSJ, K36/19/15
79. MLOSJ, K36/14/16: The Times, 26 June 1893, p.4e
80. BAL, Archives, MSS ScJO/1/1, p.142; ScJO/2/2, p.74; ScLO/2/3/6
81. MLOSJ, K26/57–8; K33/11; 'Occupation' file: MLOSJ, Council Mins; St John's Gate Co. Mins
82. MLOSJ, K26/67; K33/10; K36/13/13,20; 'Occupation' file
83. BN, 25 Sept 1903, p.407: Fincham, pp.42–3: MLOSJ, K26/65,67; Council and Chapter Mins, 1894–1903, p.392; St John's Gate Co. Mins, 1896–1901: BAL, Drawings Collection, ScJ[52](4–6)
84. MLOSJ, K37/5–7
85. MLOSJ, Council Mins 1927–35, p.39; K33/7
86. MLOSJ, East tower basement, N2 'Historic Property' files: Executive Officers' Committee Mins, 1928–45, p.2
87. BAL, Drawings Collection, RAN/11/L/2/(3–8): MLOSJ, Council Mins 1917–35, p. 113
88. MLOSJ, K34: TNA, WORK4/1041
89. MLOSJ, N2 Historic Property file 'Correspondence with Mr. Etchells'; Council Mins, 1935–40, p.143: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/22/005382; GLC/AR/BR/22/ ES/103426
90. MLOSJ, K34; Architects' Drawings 842–59: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/ 22/ES/103426
91. MLOSJ, T/21/54; T/4/51
92. ILHC, H. W. Fincham, 'Notes on the Library and the Museum … at St John's Gate, Clerkenwell', 1945, p. 16: TNA, WORKS 14/1041
93. MLOSJ, 'File A, St John's Gate, Re-organization of accommodation'; Report of the Chapter-General for the year ended 31 December , 1965, p.10: Col. Sir Edwin King, The Knights of St. John in the British Realm , 1967 edn, revised by Sir Harry Luke, pp.251–2: David Braithwaite, Building in the Blood: The Story of Dove Brothers of Islington 1781–1981 , 1981, p.145: information kindly supplied by Pamela Willis
94. MLOSJ, K26/66: MDR 1887/5/54: IBC: ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins
95. DSR
96. IBC: RB: TNA, IR58/46276/4119
97. IBC: DSR
98. MLOSJ, 'Occupation' box, Robt Vigers to Edwin Freshfield, 6 July 1887: POD
99. POD: IBC
100. IBC: information supplied by St John Ambulance
101. MDR 1882/41/607: TNA, BT 31/18040/92643; IR58/42676/4123
102. B, 12 June 1886, p.871: DSR: BAL, Biog. file: IBC
103. DSR: TNA, IR58/42676/4122: LCC Mins, 26 June 1900, p.858
104. DSR: plaque on building
105. IBC: Evening Standard, 29 June 2001, p.74
106. Pinks, p.334
107. POD: IBC
108. IBC
109. Except where indicated otherwise, this section is based on David M. Butler, The Quaker Meeting Houses of Britain, 1999, pp.411–12: W. Beck and T. F. Ball, The London Friends' Meetings , 1869, pp.192–2: Pinks, pp.286–7
110. B, 11 May 1895, p. 365: DSR
111. Clare Willsdon, Mural Painting in Britain 1840–1940, 2000, p.370: Peel Institute, Annual Reports, 1927–8, p.4; 1928–9, p.37: Sir Joseph Duveen, Thirty Years of British Art, 1930, p.1: The Studio, Feb 1928, pp.79–80
112. IBC
113. Ibid.
114. Ibid.
115. MLOSJ, T/21/54; T/21/60
116. Ibid.; T/21/62; K33/12–13
117. MLOSJ, T/21/60; T/21/62
118. POD: IBC
119. POD
120. MLOSJ, T/21/60
CHAPTER VI (pp.164–181)
Britton Street Area
1. A New Guide to London: or, Directions to Strangers, 1726
2. Survey of London, vol.XXVII, 1957, pp. 178–82
3. Barney Sloane and Gordon Malcolm, Excavations at the Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem, Clerkenwell, London , 2004, pp.84, 123, 139
4. The descent of the Ballet holding in Butt Close can be traced in LPL, MS 2732
5. Cromwell, pp. 173–4
6. Cromwell, pp. 170, 172
7. Historical Manuscripts Commission, The Mansucripts of the House of Lords , vol.6 (new series), 1704–1706, 1912, p.383: Commercial Union (CGU), Hand-in-Hand Insurance Co. Policy Register, vol.1/A, policy nos 257–8: MDR 1711/2/4; 1712/4/26–7; 1716/1/140–1
8. MDR 1716/2/45, 48
9. Survey of London, vol. XXVII, 1957, p.178n
10. GL, MS 8674/29, p. 145
11. Survey of London, vol. XXVII, 1957, p. 182
12. Cromwell, p. 144
13. RB: M. H. Port (ed.), The Commissions for Building Fifty New Churches , 1986, p. 108
14. MDR 1720/6/22
15. MDR 1719/5/279
16. MDR 1720/1/288
17. LMA, HFCS 14, 31 May 1721
18. E. G. W. Bill, The Queen Anne Churches, 1979, p.43
19. MDR
20. MDR: GL, MS 8674 passim
21. RB
22. RB: Gentleman's Magazine, Nov 1737, p.702
23. MDR 1727/5/445: GL, MS 8674/34, p.188
24. GL, MS 8674/22, p.44; 8674/26, p.264
25. RB: GEC
26. RB: C. Clutton, the late G. H. Baillie & C. A. Ilbert (eds), Britten's Old Clocks and Watches and their Makers, 1973 edn
27. RB: The New Complete Guide to London, 1774
28. ODNB: RB
29. Leonard Weiss, Watch-Making in England 1760–1820, 1982, p.45: Britten's Old Clocks and Watches
30. Chris Ellmers, 'The Impact of the 1797 Tax on Clocks and Watches on the London Trade' in London & Middlesex Archaeological Society, Collectanea Londinensia, 1978, pp. 395–6
31. RB: POD
32. Bryan's Dictionary of Painters & Engravers, 1920 edn, p. 88
33. RB: Geoffrey Beard and Christopher Gilbert (eds), Dictionary of English Furniture Makers 1660–1840, 1986, pp.349–50, 571
34. RB: POD: GL, MS 11936/370: Sir Ambrose Heal, The London Furniture Makers from the Restoration to the Victorian Era 1660–1840 , 1953, p.183: Beard and Gilbert, p.885
35. RB: POD: Heal, pp.24,71: Beard and Gilbert, pp.106, 375
36. RB: GL, MS 8674/72; 8674/84, p.278; 8674/109, p.94: Pinks, pp.289–90: Peter Willett, An Introduction to the Thoroughbred , 1975, pp.28, 29, 30, 32
37. RB
38. RB: Cromwell, p. 170
39. RB
40. POD: Census of 1841
41. Pinks, p.337
42. Cassell's Complete Book of Sports and Pastimes, 1893, p.280
43. POD
44. GL, MS 9580/7
45. POD: OS: DSR: ILHC, Lamb and Flag Ragged Schools and Mission, Red Lion Street, Clerkenwell: Report of the Fiftysixth Year's Work, c . 1901, pp.4, 10
46. POD
47. Ibid: Royal Academy Exhibitors 1905–1970, p. 82
48. POD
49. Ibid.
50. B, 11 May 1872, p.362: LMA, LCC/MISC.P/114, sheet 5, pt 1
51. MBW Mins
52. LMA, LCC/MISC.P/114, sheet 5, pt 1
53. Sir Walter Besant, London: North of the Thames, 1911, p. 471
54. DSR: POD
55. POD: Lesley Richmond & Bridget Stockford, Company Archives , 1986, p.366: LMA, Acc/2169
56. IBC
57. BN, 24 June 1910 (tender)
58. DSR
59. TNA, IR58/42677/4216: CM, sale particulars for auction of the House Property and Investment Co.'s assets, Nov 1951
60. IBC: DSR
61. POD
62. DSR: POD
63. Ibid.
64. DSR
65. LMA, LCC bomb damage map 62
66. IBC.
67. MDR 1753/1/92: Cromwell, p. 174n
68. B, 10 Jan 1857, pp.23–4: Pinks, pp.290–1
69. LMA, MBW 2612: B, 3 March 1877, p.217
70. Account based largely on information from YRM: Journal of the RIBA , March 1978, pp. 86–96; March 2000, pp.52–8: AJ, 29 Sept 1982, pp.48–53; 14 June 1989, pp.67–9: Alan Powers, In the Line of Development: FRS Yorke, E Rosenberg and CS Mardall to YRM, 1930–1992 , 1992, pp. 71–2
71. The Times, 23 Aug 1971, p. 12.
72. Ibid.
73. Journal of the RIBA, March 1978, p.91
74. AJ, 29 Sept 1982, p.49
75. Bryan Appleyard, 'From God's house to Bauhaus and back again', The Times, Saturday section, 20 Nov 1982, p.1
76. Journal of the RIBA, March 2000, p.54
77. MDR 1722/2/166,167; 1723/5/116,117: GL, MS 8674/27,28,40
78. RB: GL, MS 3110
79. MDR 1723/5/116,117: RB: GL, MS 8674/28,40
80. DSR: EH, Historians' file ISL 39
81. Building Design, 4 March 2005, pp. 13–17: AJ, 30 June 2005, pp.26–37: www.tonyfretton.co.uk/britt.htm
82. MDR 1723/151–5
83. Martin Pawley, 'The house that Janet built', Guardian, 17 Oct 1988
84. Deyan Sudjic et al, English Extremists: The Architecture of Campbell Zogolovitch Wilkinson Gough , 1988, pp.36–8
85. Islington Gazette, 3 April 1987, p.7
86. Evening Standard, ES Homes and Property supplement, 27 Sept 2000, pp.30–1: 'Half-way House', Telegraph Sunday Magazine , 24 May 1985
87. MDR 1721/5/114; 1722/6/153
88. POD: DSR
89. POD
90. TNA, IR58/42678/4231
91. MDR 1724/2/309: GL MS 8674/26, p.299
92. RB: POD: ODNB
93. DSR: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/13/112570
94. IBC
95. Ibid.
96. RB: LMA MR/PLT/1751
97. MDR 1724/2/309: GL, MS 8674/26, p.299
98. MDR 1723/2/79–81: GL, MS 8674/26, p.234; 8674/40, p.19
99. GL, MS 8674/26
100. J. P. Malcolm, Londinium Redivivum, vol. III, 1803, p.266
101. Bill, p. 293: Pinks, p.293: RB: POD
102. GL, MS 19,224/335
103. MDR
104. TNA, IR58/42677/4214: POD: FBC, Industries of Finsbury , 1949 edn
105. Besant, p.471
106. MDR 1714/4/100
107. ODNB: Pinks, pp.268–9
108. Cromwell, p.170: Pinks, p.268
109. This account based in large part on EH, Historians' file ISL98
110. E. R. Robson, School Architecture, 1874, pp.315–16
111. Robson, p. 316
112. SBL Mins
113. LCC Mins, 13 July 1915, p.84; 21 Jan 1919, p.41
114. Sir Gwilym Gibbon and Reginald W. Bell, History of the London County Council 1889–1939 , 1939, p. 281: LCC Mins, 9 May 1922, pp. 503–4; 11 July 1922, p. 117
115. LCC Mins, 26 June 1923, pp.967–8; 24 July 1923, pp. 193–4; 27 Jan 1931, p.83; 21 July 1931, p.156; 4 July 1939, p.24
116. LCC Mins
117. Robson, p.228
118. MDR 1725/6/391
119. IBC
120. Ibid.
121. LMA, P76/JNB, pp.61a, 65–7, 79
122. GL, MS 18319/37
123. B, 30 June 1866, p.490
124. William Dawson, A Mid-London Parish: Short History of the Parish of S. John, Clerkenwell , 1885, pp.79–82: Besant, p.471
125. GL MS 18319/18
CHAPTER VII (pp.182–202)
Cowcross Street and Turnmill Street
1. MBW Mins, 28 April 1865, p. 511; 4 Aug 1865, p. 957
2. Barney Sloane and Gordon Malcolm, Excavations at the Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem, Clerkenwell, London , 2004, pp.25–6
3. Chris Ellmers, 'Clerkenwell: a study in urban growth, with special reference to the period 1590–1841', unpublished draft Ph.D. thesis, 1979, p.18
4. Pinks, pp.338–40: Sonia Roberts, The Story of Islington, 1975, p. 124
5. Sloane and Malcolm, p.88
6. Ellmers, p.27
7. Sloane and Malcolm, p. 138
8. Ibid., p.275
9. ODNB
10. Pinks, p.339
11. Ibid., p.340
12. Pauline Burden, 'Marvell after Cambridge', in British Library Journal , 4, 1978, pp.45–6
13. ODNB
14. ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, 25 Aug 1789, p.225
15. LMA, MJ/SP/1797/07/023
16. The Times, 10 Sept 1796, p.3c: LMA, MJ/SP/1795/ 10/041
17. Gillian Darley, John Soane, An Accidental Romantic, 1999, pp.73–4: Alec Forshaw and Theo Bergström, Smithfield Past and Present , 1990 edn, pp. 158–60
18. B, 28 Oct 1865, p.772: City Press, 23 Nov 1867
19. LMA, MR/L/SP/043
20. Cromwell, p. 174
21. Pinks, pp.304–5
22. GL Print Room, cat. no. p5371416
23. LMA, MJ/SP/1791/01/049
24. The Times, 7 Jan 1848, p.7b
25. LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/175C
26. LMA, MR/B/C/1802/415: LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/175C
27. The Times, 5 Oct 1829, p.2e
28. The Times, 7 Jan 1848, p.7b
29. Chris Pickford, Bedfordshire Clock and Watchmakers 1352–1880 , 1991, p.291: John B. Penfold, The Clockmakers of Cumberland , 1977, p.153
30. Camden Local Studies & Archive Centre, trade card in Heal Collection, 118.18
31. Geoffrey Beard and Christopher Gilbert (eds), Dictionary of English Furniture Makers 1660–1840 , 1986, p.328
32. The Times, 17 July 1790, p. 1b
33. M. H. Port (ed.), The Commissions for Building Fifty New Churches , 1986, p.108
34. LMA, MJ/SP/1769/10/090; MJ/SP/1769/A/020: www.oldbaileyonline.org
35. The Times, 7 Jan 1801, p.3d
36. POD
37. The Times, 11 June 1844, p.5e
38. ODNB
39. TNA, SP16/345/92
40. Clerkenwell News, 24 April 1861
41. B, 26 July 1862, p. 531
42. Clerkenwell News, 24 April 1861
43. B, 21 Dec 1850, p. 609
44. Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, 1861–2, vol. I, p. 174
45. James Greenwood, 'London Courts and Alleys', in In Strange Company; being the experiences of a Roving Correspondent , 2nd edn, 1874
46. B, 21 Dec 1850, p. 609
47. B, 12 March 1853, pp. 161–2
48. Ibid.
49. B, 2 Jan 1864, p. 9
50. B, 7 May 1870, p. 370
51. MBW Mins, 1873–7
52. Walter Besant, London: North of the Thames, 1911, p. 470
53. B, 25 Aug 1855, p. 398
54. POD: Illustrated Times, 29 Aug 1863
55. POD
56. The Times, 6 Sept 1873, p. 1b
57. BL, Evanion Collection of Ephemera, Evan. 9071
58. POD
59. R. Spink, DBC: The Story of the Danish Bacon Company 1902–1977 , 1977
60. DSR: POD: B, 1 Jan 1881, p. 32
61. The Times, 2 Dec 1931, p. 5e
62. DSR: MDR: RB: POD
63. ILHC, Report of Medical Officer of Health, Finsbury, 1936, pp. 119–120 (in cuttings L1.7)
64. B, 6 May 1865, p. 324; 19 May 1866, p. 359
65. The Times, 11 Aug 1876, p. 5d; 12 Aug 1876, p. 9f: DSR
66. IBC
67. B, 26 June 1880, p. 807
68. Robert Opie, Sweet Memories, 1988, p. 60
69. POD: GLC/AR/BR/7/070205
70. B, 19 July 1879, p. 817
71. David Taylor, 'Connectivity and Movement', in Peter Neal (ed.), Urban Villages and the Making of Communities, 2003, pp. 102, 106: Town and Country Planning, March 2004, p. 175
72. IBC: www.epr.co.uk
73. MDR 1773/4/354
74. MDR 1777/2/302: GL, MS 9110/23; MS 8674/114; MS 11936/216: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/EE/017936
75. GL, MS 11936/341
76. TNA, J90/1244: H. D. G. Holt, Sir Felix Booth, 1963
77. ODNB
78. Lord Kinross, The Kindred Spirit: A History of Gin and of the House of Booth , 1959, p. 82
79. LMA, Tanqueray Gordon Collection, Booth's Distillery Ltd, Directors' Minute Book 1897–1904
80. Ibid.: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/17/070205
81. LMA, Tanqueray Gordon Collection, Booth's Distillery Ltd, Directors' Minute Book 1897–1904
82. B, 17 Aug 1901, p. 157: Kinross, p. 82
83. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/17/070205: Academy Architecture, 1901, p. 48
84. Architectural Review, May 1904, pp. 206–14: LMA, Tanqueray Gordon Collection, Booth's Distillery Ltd, Directors' Minute Book 1897–1904
85. Architectural Review, May 1904, p. 213
86. Kinross, p. 78
87. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/22/017936
88. IBC
89. Ibid.
90. Ibid.
91. Ibid.
92. B, 24 Jan 1874, p. 80: DSR
93. IBC
94. Ibid.
95. Ibid.
96. Ibid.
97. Ibid.
98. LMA, MR/PLT/2371–2: MDR 1776/4/192
99. LMA, MR/PLT/2367: MDR 1776/4/192
100. LMA, MR/PLT/2367–2413: MDR 1776/4/247
101. Census
102. LMA, MR/PLT/2367–9: MDR 1782/3/330: IBC
103. LMA, MR/PLT/2386–7: MDR 1786/6/434: IBC: Census
104. Information from Hazlitts Ltd: www.gusalexanderarchitects.com
105. DSR: MBW Mins, 22 Nov 1878, p.693
106. IBC: The Times, 17 April 2007, p. 76: information kindly supplied by Paul Cooke
107. B, 27 April 1867 p. 300: TNA, IR58/43018/248
108. LMA, MR/PLT/2367–9
109. B, 25 Dec 1886, p. 934
110. IBC: www.epr.co.uk, 2 Feb 2007
111. B, 13 Sept 1879, p. 1037: BN, 12 Sept 1879, p. 330: DSR
112. B, 28 May 1864 p. 403: Census of 1871
113. The Times, 5 May 1860, p. 4a; 1 July 1897, p. 3a
114. IBC
115. B, 28 Oct 1865, p. 772 (tender): City Press, 23 Nov 1867: ILHC, cuttings
116. GL, MS 11551
117. The Times, 30 Dec 1870, p. 9e
118. DSR
119. IBC
120. Ibid.
121. Ibid.
122. David Braithwaite, Building in the Blood: The Story of Dove Brothers of Islington 1781–1981, 1981: DSR
123. DSR
124. Ibid.
125. IBC
126. ILHC, cuttings L 1.7: IBC: City Recorder, 26 Sept 1991
127. DSR
128. RB
129. MDR 1733/1/470–2; 1735/1/206; 1745/1/108, 114: Ogilby & Morgan's map (1676)
130. TNA, IR 58/43019/3780
131. IBC
CHAPTER VIII (pp.203–241)
St John Street
1. Nellie J. M. Kerling, Cartulary of St Bartholomew's Hospital , 1973, pp. 20–3, 25
2. Pinks, p. 294
3. A Brief Director for those That would send their Letters to any parts of England, Scotlaud [sic] or Ireland, n. d. (c. 1650): John Taylor, The Carriers Cosmographie, 1637: see also J. A. Chartres, 'The Capital's Provincial Eyes: London's Inns in the Early Eighteenth Century', in London Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1977, pp. 24–39
4. BL, MS Cotton Nero EVI, ff. 6v, 19, 19v; MS Lansdowne 200, ff.42v–43: TNA, E303/8/55; E303/8/58; E303/27/64: Kerling, pp. 20–5, 156–7: Letters and Papers of Henry VIII, vol. 19, pt 2, 1544 , pp. 176, 194
5. LMA, MA/S/50
6. Middlesex County Records (Old Series), vol. II, 1974 edn, p. xxiii; vol. IV, 1975 edn, p. 344
7. LMA, MJ/SP/XX/014
8. Middlesex County Records (Old Series), vol. II (1603–1625), 1974 edn, pp. xxiii, 84: Cromwell, pp. 111–12: Pinks, pp. 296–7
9. LMA, MJ/SP/XX/026,038
10. Gentleman's Magazine, Nov 1827, p. 424
11. ILN, 28 Feb 1863, p. 231
12. LMA, MA/S/17
13. LMA, MA/S/56
14. LMA, MJ/SP/XX/026; MA/S/5,13
15. LMA, MJ/SP/1622/1
16. LMA, MA/S/3
17. Pinks, p. 301
18. LMA, MA/S/50,56
19. LMA, MA/S/55
20. LMA, MA/S/56
21. LMA, MA/S/196, 226–7
22. Pinks, p. 304
23. MDR 1882/3/148–9; 1882/31/521; 1884/13/330: B, 17 Nov 1883, p. 674
24. St Bartholomew's Hospital Archives, HA3/22, p. 22
25. St Bartholomew's Hospital Archives, HC9/9, vol. 6; HC9/5; HC 15
26. The Times, 28 Feb 1994, p. 1: IBC
27. IBC
28. Port of London Authority RO, London & India Docks, Dock and Warehouse Committee Mins; London & India Docks Joint Committee Mins; London & India Docks Joint Committee, Engineer's Half-Yearly Reports
29. DSR: IBC
30. DSR: B, 30 April 1887, p. 659
31. RB: GL, MS 11936/480: POD
32. The Times, 4 March 1882, p. 9f: DSR
33. DSR
34. LCC Mins, 27 Feb 1900, pp. 283–4: DSR: IBC
35. LCC Mins, 17–18 Dec 1907, p. 1467
36. IBC
37. LMA, LCC/MIN/7263–6; LCC/MIN/7394, case 9
38. POD
39. M. Duffy, 'The Growth of Pollards: 79 Years of Progress', typescript, c. 1974
40. Information supplied by Keith Haskins, Ken Thurlow, James Salmon
41. LCC Mins, 30 April 1912, p. 1050; 30 July 1912, p. 591; 14 Oct 1913, p. 653: IBC
42. The following account of the buildings is mainly based on LMA, GLC/AR/BR/17/38512
43. B, 8 Oct 1926, p. 575: Board-room illustrated in AJ, 9 Feb 1927, p. 227
44. MDR 1828/8/147
45. DSR: IBC
46. The Property Guide, Spring—Summer 1995, p. 5
47. IBC
48. FBC, Industries of Finsbury, 1949 edn, p. 67: PP 1831 (231), XI. 1, 24th Report of the Commissioners for inquiring into Charities , 1830, plan [1] after p. 621: Hackney Archives, D/B/NIC 1/8/28
49. 7 Geo. IV, c. 24 (private), 2nd Schedule, pp. 503–4
50. SE, Letters 1, pp. 132, 179, 207–8, 213–16
51. MDR 1834/3/105
52. SE, Letters 2, pp. 439–40, 462–3
53. Ibid, Letters 4, p. 286: Hackney Archives, D/B/NIC, 1/7/12, lease of 21 Jan 1851
54. SE, Letters 4, pp. 448–9, 459–60, 634–5
55. Leopold Farmer & Sons, sales particulars
56. EH, registry file LRS 000809/187
57. Information provided by Bellway Homes
58. SE, Letters 1, p. 230: Pinks, p. 683
59. MDR 1830/9/191
60. Leopold Farmer & Sons, sales particulars: NMR, photograph 43/2370
61. Museum of London, Ephemera Collection, drawings dated 17 Nov 1875, 4 April 1883: DSR
62. Illustrated in Leopold Farmer & Sons' sales particulars
63. SE, Letters 2, pp. 439–40, 484, 485–6, 488–90, 600–1; Letters 3, pp. 259–60
64. J. M. Crook, The Dilemma of Style, 1989, edn, p. 281
65. Peter Jackson, 'John Tallis 1818–1876' in Peter Jackson (ed.), John Tallis's London Street Views 1838–1840, London Topographical Society, 2002, pp. 19–35: POD
66. B, 24 Feb 1872, pp. 145–7
67. Ibid: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/17/048663
68. DSR
69. IBC
70. DSR: TNA, B11/4: Information from Nationwide Building Society Archives
71. TNA, PROB11/489, sig. 143: Bedfordshire County RO, Copies of the Deeds, Will, and Codicil of Mrs Jane Cart, 1736 (reprinted 1922), pp. 36, 40, 53: RB
72. Bedfordshire County RO, X699/10
73. St Bartholomew's Hospital Archives, HC/56, p. 62; HC5/57: RB
74. MDR 1778/5/584; 1824/1/247: RB: POD
75. OS: POD
76. TNA, IR 58/43016/91: DSR 1923/521: ILHC, FBC Housing Committee Mins, 12 April 1948
77. B, 18 Nov 1994, pp. 50–1
78. ILHC, FBC Official Guide, 1958, p. 107: RB: Title deeds, courtesy of Mr Tim Farmiloe and Royds RDW
79. Title deeds, courtesy of Mr Tim Farmiloe and Royds RDW
80. B, 9 Oct 1897, p. xxxii
81. Advertisements in B, 17 Nov 1894, p. xxxii; 9 Oct 1897, p. xxxii
82. RB
83. The Times, 12 March 1868, p. 7f: City Press, 14 March 1868, p. 5f: B, 14 March 1868, p. 200; 6 Feb 1869, p. 105
84. BN, 12 June 1868, p. 405
85. B, 6 Feb 1869, p. 105
86. Information from Jonathan Clarke: B, 6 Feb 1869, p. 105
87. Architect & Building News, 30 Dec 1938, pp. 364–5
88. B, 12 Jan 1878, p. 36: DSR: St Bartholomew's Hospital Archives, HC/13/3, p. 275: MDR 1890/27/84
89. IBC: POD
90. DSR: MDR 1891/19/491–2; 34/861
91. Letterhead of Perry Gardner & Co. in LMA, GLC/AR/BR/22/ES/00257
92. RB
93. MDR 1787/2/293: RB
94. Illustrated in Treve Rosoman, London Wallpapers: Their Manufacture and Use 1690–1840 , 1992, p. 33
95. MDR 1772/2/108–9: RB
96. RB: POD
97. The Times, 10 July 1878, p. 5f
98. Journal of the RIBA, Oct 1988, pp. 114–17
99. Architect & Building News, 17 Dec 1926, p. 720: AJ, 11 Aug 1926, p. 169
100. Architect & Building News, 18 Oct 1935, pp. 61–4: B, 25 Oct 1935, pp. 725–7, 734: BAL, Biog. files
101. MDR 1780/2/147–8; 1829/10/237; 1831/5/525; 1832/2/725
102. RB: Censuses of 1871–1891
103. TNA, IR 58/42674/3901–4
104. IBC: information supplied by Carol Thomas
105. RB: Goad insurance plans: TNA, IR 58/42673/3899
106. IBC: Ronald E. Wilson, Two Hundred Precious Metal Years: A History of the Sheffield Smelting Co. Ltd, 1760–1960 , 1960, pp. 76–7
107. LMA, Acc/1876/MP/01/07, p. 18; Acc/1876/D1/989: POD: AJ Interiors, 26 Oct 2000
108. IBC
109. DSR: IBC: RB: POD
110. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/537: CM, Vouchers Box, Oct 1896–March 1897: POD
111. Building Design, 10 Jan 1997, p. 8: Evening Standard 'Homes & Property' supplement, 9 July 1997, p. 3: IBC
112. This and much of the following account is based on Frank A. King, The Story of the Cannon Brewery, 1951
113. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/150: BL, Crace Collection, Portfolio XV, no. 39
114. M. Girouard, Victorian Pubs, 1984, p. 91
115. DSR
116. Licensed Victualler and Catering Trades Journal, 27 Feb 1901
117. Brewers' Journal, 15 March 1893, p. 152; 15 July 1876, p. 164; 15 Nov 1894, p. 632: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/ 17/012104
118. CM, AOB, Q, p. 355: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/17/012104
119. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/641, 642a
120. DSR: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/17/012104
121. AJ, 8 March 2001, p. 6: information provided by Berkeley Homes
122. IBC: www.carrotltd.com
123. Plaque on building: B, 5 Jan 1901 (tender)
124. OS
125. ILHC, cuttings L1.7: TNA, BT 41/350/2002; BT41/164/924; BT31/879/910C: POD
126. DSR: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/17/042997
127. John Laing & Son Ltd, Team Work: the Story of John Laing and Son Limited , 1950, pp. 33–4
128. IBC
129. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/718/1: B, 18 May 1867, p. 358
130. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/13/000309: IBC
131. LMA, E/NOR/E/9/56: Goad insurance plans
132. MDR 1891/21/924; 1892/1/698–9: DSR: B, 12 April 1890, p. 276: M. Girouard, Victorian Pubs, 1984, p. 133
133. Independent, 6 Oct 1993, p. 11; 11 Dec 1993 (Food & Drink supplement): Girouard, p. 160
134. GL, Skinners' Company Estates Committee Mins, 3 Nov 1908, p. 167; Skinners' Company Court Mins, 20 May 1909, p. 77
135. AJ, 17 Feb 2000, p. 23: Building Times, Sept 1934, pp. 13–14: S. John Teague, The City University: A History, 1980, pp. 174–6,179
136. MDR 1833/5/249,525: Gloucester RO, D3549/38/4/6: LMA, Acc/1953/C/945
137. Gloucester RO, D3549 passim: DSR
138. LMA, Acc/1953/C/896–7,921–2,944, 938
139. LMA, Acc/1953/C/838
140. LMA, Acc/1953/C/946
141. POD
142. EH, Historians' file ISL 149
143. IBC
144. LMA, E/NOR/E/7/2, p. 36: POD: IBC
145. DSR
CHAPTER IX (pp. 242–279)
Charterhouse Square Area
1. GL, Packington Gift Committee, The Relation of the Liberty or Lordship of Glass House Yard to the Parish of St. Botolph Aldersgate , 1864: Albert Bassett Hopkins, The Boroughs of the Metropolis , 1900, p. 148
2. Notes and Queries, 16 July 1853, p. 63
3. LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/123A
4. CM, AOB, B, ff. 174, 180, 185v: LMA, Acc/1876/G/3/3, pp. 144–5
5. Letters and Papers of Henry VIII, vol. 20, 1545, p. 303: TNA, C54/673/51
6. LMA, Acc/1876/G/6/3, p.422
7. TNA, E164/45
8. TNA, SC6/H. VIII/2396
9. Ibid: Letters and Papers of Henry VIII, vol. 15, 1540, p. 476; vol. 17, 1542, pp. 398–9; vol. 18, 1543, pp. 132, 368; vol. 20, 1545 , p. 213; vol. 21 pt 1, p. 767
10. James Howell, Londinopolis, 1657, p. 343
11. LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/123A—B
12. The Autobiography of Sir John Bramston, Camden Society vol. 32, 1845, pp. 103–9
13. John Adair, Roundhead General: The Campaigns of Sir William Waller , 1997, p. 27
14. TNA, E164/45
15. Middlesex County Records, vol. I, 1886, p. 275; vol. II, 1886, p. 91
16. LMA, Acc/1876/G/3/4, f. 61v; Acc/1876/G/5/65/1
17. CM, AOB, B, ff. 137v–8, 144v–5: LMA, Acc/1876/G/3/4, f. 101
18. Edward Hatton, A New View of London, 1708, p. 16
19. Clyve Jones, 'A London "Directory'" of Peers and Bishops for 1708–9', in London Journal, vol. 18, 1993, pp. 23–30
20. CM, AR/5/13: ODNB
21. CM, AOB, F, pp. 30–3
22. Robert Smythe, Historical Account of Charter—House, 1808, p. 290
23. The London Guide, 1755: Victoria Moger, The Favour of Your Company , 1980, p. 11: CM, CS/1/2, p. 84: POD
24. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/843–5,854,858,867
25. CLRO, 384D/17
26. CM, CS/1/5
27. Ibid.
28. POD
29. CM, E/1/87, letter 9 June 1947
30. POD: ILHC, FBC Official Guide, 1963, p. 64
31. TNA, E164/45
32. LMA, Acc/1876/AR/1/5/1
33. LMA, Acc/1876/AR/3/6A; AR/1/22
34. Howell, Londinopolis, p. 343
35. CM, AOB, D, pp. 155–6: LMA, Acc/1876/G/5/65/1
36. Survey of London, vol. XXXIV, 1966, p.433
37. LMA, Acc/1876/G/2/60/2
38. 16 Geo. II, c. vi
39. CM, CS/1/2: LMA, Acc/1876/AG/1/22
40. The History of the Charterhouse, 1816: CM, AOB, I, p. 409; CS/1/3, pp. 82, 84
41. CM, CS/1/2, p. 143; CS/1/3, p. 82
42. CM, CS/1/3, pp. 128, 161–4
43. Lionel Goodrich (ed.), The Metropolis Local Management Acts , 1888 edn, pp. 142–3: CM, AOB, N, pp. 205–6
44. CM, AOB, N, pp. 198–9
45. CM, G/3/6, p. 309: 21 & 22 Geo. V, c. xciii, clause 16: LCC Mins, 28 July 1931, p. 324
46. CM, CS/1/3, pp. 102, 109, 110
47. CM, ECM, G, pp. 191, 193: CS/2/4, pp. 1, 70, 104; CS/2/11, Mins of Trustees, 26 Feb 1954: BAL, Archives, S&P (job files of Seely & Paget), AE, box 47, misc. file
48. CM, Misc. accounts, 1959–60; CS/1/4
49. CM, AR/3/459
50. CM, AG/5/4,5
51. CLRO, 384D/21, pp. 55, 112; Surveyor's Misc. Plans 649
52. The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1558–1603 , ed. P. W. Hasler, vol. II, 1981, pp. 118–19, 290–3
53. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/24
54. The Autobiography of Sir John Bramston, pp. 103–9
55. LMA, Acc/1876/G/6/3, pp. 422–6: MDR 1713/1/42
56. TNA, C8/569/16
57. CM, AOB, D, p. 63: LMA, Acc/1876/D1/913
58. TNA, C8/569/16; PROB5/4809: LMA, Acc/1876/D1/ 914: MDR 1713/1/42
59. Harleian Society, vol. xv, 1880, pp. 96–7
60. TNA, PROB5/4809; C7/630/11; C10/305/24
61. CM, AR/5/13
62. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/901b
63. The Private Collection of Mr. W. Snoxell, 2, Charterhouse Square, EC , 1873 edn: William C. Smith, Concerning Handel , 1948, pp. 132–3: Jacob Simon (ed.), Handel: A Celebration of his Life and Times , 1985, p. 180
64. RB
65. LMA, MDR 1898/48/15–16
66. DSR
67. TNA, IR 58/42710/38
68. Commercial General Union, Hand-in-Hand Insurance Co. Policy Register, vol. 1/A, policy no. 192
69. TNA, C7/630/11; C10/305/24; PROB5/4809
70. Notes & Queries, 4th series, vol. 5, p. 401: Harleian Society, vol. xv, 1880, pp. 96–7
71. CERC, Church Commissioners' file 74309 (St Sepulchre)
72. Survey of London, vol. XL, 1980, p. 147
73. RB: POD: ODNB: CERC, Church Commissioners' file 9494 (St Thomas's Charterhouse)
74. RB: POD: Census
75. TNA, IR58/42710/39
76. LMA, DC/PH/12/2–3
77. CERC, Church Commissioners' file 74309 (St Sepulchre)
78. LMA, Acc/1876/G/6/3, p. 579
79. Old Charterhouse Magazine, Dec 1933, p. 22
80. British Museum, Prints and Drawings, J. W. Archer Collection, Case 261 Portfolio 5, 1874/3/14/63
81. EH, AR/HB/2984: original correspondence in possession of Survey of London
82. CM, CS/1/4, rate lists, 1860–72; CS/1/5, 4 July 1894, 1 March 1904: TNA, IR58/42710/41–2: Census: BLPES, Booth survey notebooks, B353, p. 83
83. DSR: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/22/075521: Architect & Building News , 30 July 1937, pp. 142–6. Harold P. Clunn, London Marches On, 1947, p. 35
84. POD: Harold P. Clunn, The Face of London, 1951 edn, p. 95
85. AJ, 13 April 1988, p. 11: Peter Haining, Agatha Christie's Poirot, A Celebration of the Great Detective , 1995, pp. 40–4
86. IBC: POD
87. POD
88. TNA, C10/235/22
89. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/64
90. CM, CS/1/2, pp. 3, 18–19: LMA, Acc/1876/D1/72: RB: MDR 1808/5/259
91. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/81: RB
92. BAL, Archives, S&P (job files of Seely & Paget), AE, box 36: LMA, Acc/1876/E/1/40
93. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/83–5: CM, CS/1/3, p.93: RB
94. MDR 1825/10/15: LMA, Acc/1876/D1/90
95. RB
96. Ibid: MDR 1833/6/468
97. LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/145
98. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/93a: POD: RB: CM, CS/1/2, p. 138
99. K. Baedeker, London and its Environs … Handbook for Travellers , 1879, p. 9: ODNB
100. RB: POD
101. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/119,170: RB: POD
102. DSR: CM, AOB, R, p. 93
103. CM, AOB, D, pp. 145–6, 161, 163; ECM, D, pp. 503–5: LMA, Acc/1876/D/1/23A
104. LMA, Acc/1876/AR/7/15/1
105. CM, ECM, D, pp. 111, 114, 124–5: LMA, Acc/1876/ G/3/4
106. LMA, Acc/1876/AR/7/22/1; Acc/1876/MP1/124
107. LMA, Acc/1876/G/2/60/146
108. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/704, 756: GL, MS 8674/130, pp. 16, 19, 20
109. CM, CS/1/2, p. 66: GL, MS 8674/130, p. 19; 8674/132, p. 367
110. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/780: POD
111. CM, AOB, Q, pp. 147, 160, 187, 336; AG/5/20, Buckland & Garrard's a/c, 1895–7: LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/142
112. CM, AOB, R, pp. 4–5, 9, 29: LCC Mins, 11 Dec 1900, p. 1688; 5 Feb 1901, p. 148; 30 April 1901, p. 515; 18 March 1902, p. 459; 7 Oct 1902, p. 1354: IBC: The Caterer, 16 Feb 1902; 15 June 1918
113. CM, AOB, R, pp. 363, 380, 433: LMA, Acc/1876/D1/786
114. IBC
115. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/759–61
116. CM, AOB, Q, pp. 115, 127: LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/ 140, 141A, 161
117. IBC
118. TNA, E164/45
119. LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/123B: CM, AOB, B, ff. 137–8
120. CM, AOB, G, pp. 37–45; AR/3/455; AR/7/22/1: LMA, Acc/1876/G/2/60/145
121. London Gazette, 8–11, 15–18 April 1700: LMA, Acc/1876/G/6/3, pp. 582–4
122. CM, CS/1/3, pp. 144, 146; ECM, F, p. 48
123. CM, AOB, Q, pp. 126, 138–9, 146; AG/5/7; CS/1/5: LMA, Acc/1876/MP/1/143: POD
124. CM, AG/5/4,10
125. CM, AOB, Q, p. 335; ECM, F, p. 335; CS/1/5, 20 Oct 1892
126. POD
127. POD: ODNB (which erroneously states that Ferranti first set up at No. 57b Charterhouse Square): Dictionary of Business Biography
128. IBC: Brick Bulletin, vol. 3, No. 6, 1956, front cover illustration: CM, letter to the Governors, 20 Nov 1956
129. IBC
130. ILHC, FBC Official Guide, 1963, p. 64: Estates Gazette, 14 Sept 1974
131. POD: Mary Cosh, The Squares of Islington Part I: Finsbury and Clerkenwell , 1990, p. 19
132. GL, MS 9081: LMA, Acc/1876/G/3/2, p. 71: CM, AOB, C, ff. 166v, 182; ECM, D, p. 29
133. LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/123B
134. LMA, Acc/1876/G/3/4
135. John Stow, A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster, ed. J. Strype, 2 vols, 1720, III, p. 284
136. CM, CS/1/2, affidavit of Francis Wollaston, 20 Feb 1767
137. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/911
138. GL, MS 10,500
139. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/120a
140. John Nichols, Illustrations of the Literary History of the Eighteenth Century , vol. 1, 1817, p. 832
141. RB: CM, CS/1/2: ODNB
142. E. Treacher Collins, The History and Traditions of the Moorfields Eye Hospital , 1929, pp. 12–15
143. GL, MS 7018: CM, CS/1/3, p. 136
144. RB
145. POD
146. LMA, Acc/1876/MP/1/139: B, 29 July 1876, p. 748; 14 Oct 1876, p. 1011: DSR: The Architect, 14 April 1877, pp. 250–1
147. POD: Information kindly supplied by Richard M. Candee
148. Progress, Commerce: Illustrated London, 1893, p. 169
149. DSR
150. POD
151. AR, Jan 1981, pp. 54–5: Deyan Sudjic et al, English Extremists: The Architecture of Campbell Zogolovitch Wilkinson Gough , 1988, pp. 20–1: Simon Bradley and Nikolaus Pevsner, The Buildings of England: London I: The City of London , 1997, p. 453
152. TNA, SC11/451; SCG/Hen8/2396
153. TNA, LR2/61; CM, AOB, A, 13 Oct 1617
154. LMA, Middlesex Sessions Records SR 509/98, 510/36
155. Middlesex County Records, vol. III, 1888, p. 13
156. LMA, MR/LV/6/11
157. MDR 1791/8/407
158. St Bartholomew's Hospital Archives, HCI/2920
159. LMA, Acc/1876/E1/5
160. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/825
161. MBW Mins, 2 July 1869, p. 782
162. CLRO, Central Markets Sub-Committee Mins, vol. 2, 1876
163. B, 21 Oct 1876, p. 1035: CLRO, Central Markets Sub-Committee Mins, vol. 1, 1875–6
164. IBC
165. TNA, IR58 43016/78: DSR
166. IBC
167. DSR
168. William Morris Gallery, autobiographical notes by Mackmurdo
169. MDR 1900/19/22: POD
170. IBC: DSR
171. IBC
172. DSR
173. W. J. Neatby's initials in tiled entrance
174. DSR: POD
175. IBC
176. GL, MS 9078/6, 1872–5: DSR
177. Endowed Charities (County of London), vol. III, 1908, pp. 812–3, 837–8
178. GL, MS 9078/6, 1872–5
179. POD
180. Ibid
181. DSR
182. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/889–90: POD
183. BLPES, Booth survey notebooks, B353, pp. 80–1
184. TNA, C8/569/16; C10/305/24: CM, AOB, D, p. 63: LMA, Acc/1876/D1/913
185. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/901A–905
186. TNA, PROB5/4809: LMA, Acc/1876/E/1/5; Acc/ 18976/D1/905
187. RB: IBC
188. DSR
189. IBC
190. CM, AOB, Q, p. 435: DSR
191. London Archaeologist, vol. 5, no. 10, 1987, p. 271
192. Stow (ed. Strype), III, p. 122
193. LMA, A/CSC/778,786
194. Edward Hatton, A New View of London, 1708, p. 736
195. LMA, A/CSC/790–1
196. LMA, A/CSC/798: B, 29 Aug 1885, p. 312: DSR
197. Augustus Muir, Nairns of Kirkcaldy: A Short History of the Company (1847–1956), 1956, p. 67: POD
198. LMA, A/CSC/785
199. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/17/59139: Architect & Building News , 23 Sept 1928, p. 345; 14 Nov 1928, p. 677
200. Muir, pp. 124–6
201. Building Design, 14 Nov 1986, p. 14
202. Stow (ed. Strype), III, p. 122
203. GL, 8/ALD 1857
204. B, 17 Nov 1877, pp. 1151, 1153: CLRO, Commissioners of Sewers Plan Book 8, p. 112
205. IBC
206. Ibid
207. Ibid
208. Ibid
209. Ibid
210. Ibid
211. RB
212. Ibid
213. CLRO, Commissioners of Sewers Plan Book 8, p. 101
214. B, 21 May 1887, p. 789
215. RB
216. POD
217. AJ, 12 Jan 1994, p. 6: IBC
218. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/346–50
219. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/13/420
220. IBC
221. R. H. Hadden (ed.), Reminiscences of William Rogers, 1888, p. 48
222. CM, AOB, L, p. 141: William Rogers, The Educational Prospects of St. Thomas Charterhouse , 1856, p. 9
223. Christian Guardian, 1841, p. 180: V & A Museum, Prints & Drawings Collection, 1820: LMA, Acc/1876/MP/1/199: ILN, 13 Aug 1842, p. 216
224. CERC, Church Commissioners' files 19,224/663, 15450
225. Hadden, p. 91
226. BN, 25 Nov 1881, p. 705: Boucher, p. 217
227. CERC, Church Commissioners' files 27306 (1/2, 2/4, 3/4): Church Times, 23 Oct 1908
228. Hadden, pp. 56–7
229. CERC, Church Commissioners' file 15450: B, 25 April 1846, p. 203: Boucher, 1988, p. 210
230. Hadden, pp. 61–90
231. The Times, 26 Oct 1880, p. 9g
232. CERC, Church Commissioners' file 9494
233. Ibid.: LMA, MDR 1869/19/733
234. William Maitland, The History and Survey of London, 1756, vol. VIII, p. 135
235. GL, Packington Gift Committee, The Relation of the Liberty or Lordship of Glass House Yard to the Parish of St. Botolph Aldersgate , 1864
236. GL, MS 1492/1: CLRO, plan schedule B 10j
237. Hadden, p. 50
238. BN, 13 May 1859, p. 452
239. R. J. Charleston, English Glass, 1984, p. 98
240. Peter Francis, 'The development of lead glass: The European connections', in Apollo, Feb 2000, pp. 48–9
241. W. A. Thorpe, History of English and Irish Glass, vol. I, 1929, p. 104
242. Charleston, pp. 98–9
243. W. T. Whitley, The Baptists of London 1612–1928 [n. d.], pp. 19, 114: MDR 1825/10/210: RB
244. RB
245. MDR 1825/10/210: LMA, Acc/1876/D1/109
246. RB
247. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/350; GLC/AR/BR/13/420: DSR: Goad insurance plans
248. IBC
249. B, 24 Feb 1848, p. 88
250. RB: Goad insurance plans: DSR
251. IBC
252. Ibid.
253. Ibid.: AJ, 28 June 2001
254. IBC: Oliver Marriott, The Property Boom, 1967, Appendix 9, pt ii
CHAPTER X (pp. 280–293)
Great Sutton Street Area
1. For accounts of Pardon Chapel and churchyard and their relationship to the early history of the Charterhouse see John Stow, A Survey of London, ed. C. L. Kingsford, 1908, vol. 2, pp. 81–2: Sir W. H. St. John Hope, The History of the London Charterhouse , 1925, pp. 1–36: Gerald S. Davies, Charterhouse in London, 1921, pp. 4–7: VCH, Middlesex, vol. 1, pp. 159–60: David Knowles and W. F. Grimes, Charterhouse, 1954, pp. 17–21: Kieron Tyler, 'Excavations at the former Allied Brewery, 148–180 St John Street, London EC1', in Transactions of the London & Middlesex Archaeological Society , vol. 49, 1998, pp. 107–32
2. Davies, p. 4: Stow, loc. cit.
3. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/181–3
4. BL, Cotton MS Claudius E VI, ff. 136–7,230: Calendar of Patent Rolls , 1563–1566, pp. 306–7; 1547–1548, p. 201: LMA, Acc/1876/D1/181A,183
5. M. H. Port (ed.), The Commissions for Building Fifty New Churches , 1986, pp. 13, 28, 29, 34, 151, 161: LPL, MSS 2705, f. 6; 2713, f. 71; 2750/39
6. TNA, E164/45
7. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/A01, f. 4
8. Ibid
9. LMA, Acc/1876/G2/02, ff. 5–6; Acc/1876/D1/191
10. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/A02
11. CM, AOB, C, p. 62
12. LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/170
13. LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/169
14. LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/170,173A; Acc/1876/D1/A/2: LCC, Names of Streets and Places in the County of London, 1901 & 1955 edns
15. LMA, Acc/1876/G5/067–8
16. CM, AOB, D, p. 308
17. LMA/Acc/1876/D1/210
18. CM, AOB, G, pp. 21–2
19. John Nelson, History of Islington, 1811, pp. 208–15: Gentleman's Magazine, July 1793, p. 678: MDR 1777/5/88
20. MDR
21. LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/7–8
22. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/210
23. LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/171,173
24. MDR 1786/4/592
25. CM, AOB, K, pp. 302–3: ILHC, Letters to Clerkenwell Vestry, 1856–9
26. CM, AOB, M, pp. 151–2; AOB, N, pp. 287–9
27. John Hollingshead, Ragged London in 1861, 1861, p. 29
28. B, 15 Oct 1859, p. 677; 8 Dec 1860, p. 791
29. BN, 16 Aug 1861, p. 681: B, 20 July 1861, p. 503; 4 Jan 1862, p. 7: Daily Telegraph, 9 Jan 1862
30. B, 4 July 1874, p. 573: Boucher, pp. 184–94: CM, AOB, Q, pp. 105–6,172,225
31. CM, AOB, R, p. 103; Vouchers, 1912: IBC
32. LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/7, p. 78: RB
33. POD: RB
34. BN, 26 Feb 1860, p. 141: Pinks, p. 693
35. BN, 28 Aug 1874, p. 254: MDR 1874/19/364–5
36. Goad insurance plans
37. PP 1884–5 (4402), XXX. 1,87,819, Royal Commission for inquiring into Housing of the Working Classes, First Report, Mins of Evidence, etc , pp. 7, 62–4
38. LMA, Acc/1876/AR/01/244–5
39. CM, AOB, D, pp. 263, 271
40. MDR: RB
41. MDR
42. LMA, Acc/1876/E/01/2/1: CM, AOB, G, pp. 158–9
43. RB: Pinks, pp. 69–70: ODNB: Frederick Boase, Modern English Biography , 1965 edn, vol. I, p. 217: POD
44. Lewis Melville, The Thackeray Country, 1911, pp. 34–5
45. W. R. Ward (ed.), The Works of John Wesley, vol. 22, 1993, pp. 210–11: RB
46. P. Temple, Islington Chapels, 1992, p. 132: RB: LMA, Acc/1876/D1/308: Proceedings of the Wesleyan Historical Society , vol. xxi, 1937–8, pp. 173–5
47. POD
48. Ibid.: Peter Hall, 'Industrial London: A General View', in J. T. Coppock and Hugh C. Prince (eds), Greater London, 1964, pp. 232–3
49. LCC Mins, 27 June 1899, pp. 918–19
50. Ibid.
51. LCC Mins, 21 June 1904, p. 1103; 12 Dec 1905, p. 2087
52. LCC Mins, 14 June 1904, p. 1009; 25 July 1905, p. 704: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/22/025163
53. DSR: IBC
54. BN, 20 Aug 1909 (tender): B, 14 Aug 1914 (tender)
55. DSR
56. DSR: CM, AOB, R, p. 120
57. LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/187A—D
58. DSR: CM, AOB, R, p. 418: IBC
59. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/299E; Acc/1876/MP1/8, p. 141; MDR 1882/18/619–21: TNA, IR 58/42672/3751: IBC
60. BLPES, Booth survey notebooks, B353, pp. 84–5
61. CM, AOB, Q, pp. 105–6, 172, 225: Boucher, pp. 184–94
62. DSR
63. CM, Box 10: DSR
64. DSR
65. CM, Box 10: B, 20 Jan 1883, p. 96; 17 Feb 1883, p. 230; 7 April 1883, p. 464; 5 May 1883, p. 623
66. TNA, IR58/42671/3683: CM, Box 10: BLPES, Booth survey notebooks, B353, pp. 88–9
67. CM, AOB, Q, p. 246; AOB, R, p. 225: MDR 1889/12/ 980–1
68. CM, AOB, Q, p. 355; AOB, R, p. 376
69. The Times, 28 June 1929, p. 10d
70. ILHC, local index: CM, Spiller's Accounts, Dec 1955–March 1956
71. TNA, IR 58/42671–73 passim
72. POD
73. Ibid.
74. CM, AOB, S, pp. 2, 3, 24, 30, 83, 117, 134
75. Highbury & Islington Express, 12 June 1998, 'property express' supplement, p. 1
76. CM, AOB, S, p. 117: DSR
77. IBC
78. Ibid.
79. POD
80. DSR: CM, Estate Deeds, Correspondence; Vouchers, Dec 1892–March 1893: LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/8: IBC
81. IBC
82. CM, AOB, R, p. 141; Spiller's Accounts, Sept—Dec 1957: POD
83. IBC
84. Ibid.
85. Ibid.: DSR: ILHC cuttings
86. IBC: POD
87. City Press, 19 Feb 1959: CM, AOB, T, pp. 164–5: IBC
88. CM: POD
89. CM, Estates Committee Mins (G), pp. 206–7
90. CM, AOB, Q, pp. 421, 428, 435: IBC
91. CM, AOB, Q, pp. 414, 421, 428; Vouchers, Nov 1898– March 1899: IBC
92. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/310: CM, AOB, S, p. 134: IBC: POD
93. CM, Estates Committee Mins (G), pp. 60, 70, 72: IBC
94. B, 6 Feb 1886, p. 257: IBC
95. POD: RB
96. CM, Estates Committee Mins (G), p. 49: DSR: POD: IBC
97. IBC: BAL, Biog. file: Building Design, 17 March 1978, p. 16
98. MDR 1786/4/592
99. DSR: CM, Estate Deeds, Correspondence, Vouchers: LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/8: IBC
100. DSR: CM, miscellaneous files, vouchers: LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/7: POD
101. IBC: CM, AOB, T, p. 164
102. CM, AOB Q, p. 333: Financial Times Weekend Section, 9/10 March 1996, p. XIII
103. IBC: POD: LMA, DSR: IBC: CM, Estate Deeds
104. CM, Estate Deeds, Correspondence, Vouchers; LMA, Acc/1876/MP1/8: IBC
CHAPTER XI (pp. 294–335)
Northampton Square Area
1. LMA, Acc/2558/NR/1/3, p. 145
2. Chris Ellmers, 'Clerkenwell: a study in urban growth, with special reference to the period 1590–1841', unpublished draft Ph. D. thesis, 1979, pp. 28–30, 37, 53: TNA, E164/45
3. LMA, E/NOR/M/284/1, 2: William Bingham Compton (6th Marquess of Northampton), History of the Comptons of Compton Wynyates , London, 1930, p. 64: Cromwell, pp. 273–5: ODNB
4. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/868; MDR 1722/4/229: map in John Stow, A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster, ed. J. Strype, 2 vols, 1720: ODNB: Cromwell, pp. 272, 276: Pinks, pp. 271–6: Compton, p. 129: Mary Cosh, The squares of Islington Part I: Finsbury and Clerkenwell , 1990, p. 64
5. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/837–40,867; MDR 1712/3/82, 1713/6/136: Cromwell, pp. 269–71: Pinks, p. 154
6. Charles Hore, A True and Exact Account of Many Great Abuses Committed in the Victualling Her Majesties Navy, etc , 1703: MDR 1721/2/284; 1722/1/218–19; 1724/4/480: LMA, E/NOR/L/3/739: TNA, C6/359/49: Cromwell, pp. 270–1
7. Rocque's map (1747): Horwood's map (1792–3 edn): MDR
8. Compton, pp. 179, 197–8, 208, 211, 215: Victor Belcher, Boodle, Hatfield and Co., The History of a London Law Firm in Three Centuries , 1985, pp. 34, 52: Survey of London, vol. XXXIX, 1977, pp. 9–11, 34–47: ODNB
9. WAC, Acc/1934/134, p. 198
10. WAC, Acc/1934/131, pp. 77, 285, 462–3
11. John Summerson, Georgian London, 2003 edn, pp. 184–5
12. WAC, Acc/1934/132, p. 70
13. Ibid., pp.440, 544–6, 649, 698–9: LMA, Acc/2558/NR/ 1/4, pp. 95, 123, 125, 169–70, 191, 264, 268: Compton, p. 211
14. LMA, Acc/2558/NR/1/5, pp. 44–5,49
15. WAC, Acc/1934/140, p. 423: Thames Water, Abbey Mills Archive, New River Company Plan, 14 Jan 1805
16. WAC, Acc/1934/132, p. 698; Acc/1934/134, p. 170
17. D. Olsen, Town Planning in London, 1982 edn, p. 79
18. WAC, Acc/1934/134, pp. 382, 448, 589
19. R. Ward, London's New River, 2003, p. 189
20. LMA, Acc/2558/NR/1/5, pp. 312, 327, 364–5; Acc/2558/NR/1/6, pp. 24–6, 36, 62–4, 195, 296, 304
21. see Survey of London, vol. XXXIX, 1977, p. 44
22. Cromwell, p. 277
23. WAC, Acc/1934/139, p. 78: ILHC, Thomas Hornor's ms map of Clerkenwell, 1808: Horwood's map: LMA, E/NOR/L/2/2A
24. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/606,752: WAC, Acc/1934/138, p. 327: P. Temple, Islington Chapels, 1992, p. 123
25. LMA, E/NOR/L/03/545
26. H. T. Boodle, letter to The Times, 15 Jan 1884, p. 10
27. ILN, 1 July 1871, p. 652
28. PP 1884–5 (4402), XXX. 1,87,819, Royal Commission for inquiring into Housing of the Working Classes, First Report, Mins of Evidence, etc (hereafter RCHWC), p. 58 (evidence of the Rev. B. O. Sharp)
29. The principal sources for this and the following paragraphs are: RCHWC: WAC, Acc/1934/173,174: Olsen, pp. 102–6, 163–193: Belcher, pp. 112–17
30. Lord William Compton in RCHWC, p. 40
31. RCHWC, p. 61
32. Robert Whelan (ed.), Octavia Hill's Letters to FellowWorkers 1872–1911, 2005, p. 416
33. GL, MPGA Cuttings, COL/LIB/PB04/012, p. 92
34. DSR: BN, 2 Sept 1892, p. 340
35. PP 1887 (260), XIII, 41, Report from the Select Committee of the House of Commons on Town Holdings , 1887, pp. 303, 319–322, 332–350, 367–9: ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, April-May 1889
36. BLPES, Booth survey notebooks, B236, p. 1; B353, pp. 88–101: Booth's poverty map
37. LCC Mins: ILHC, FBC Mins
38. ILHC, FBC Mins, 1928–9, p. 556
39. LMA, E/NOR/L/2/20
40. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/22/TP/033257; E/NOR/E/9/ 3–5: ILHC, FBC Mins: Evening Standard, 1 April 1946
41. LMA, E/NOR/E/8/9: The Times, 7 Dec 1948, p. 6: Northampton Estate Archives, Castle Ashby, maps of Clerkenwell estates, 1940, amended c. 1949
42. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/22/044158: Northampton Estate Archives, Castle Ashby, box LON 24
43. VCH, Middlesex, vol. VIII, 1985, p. 19
44. LMA, E/NOR/L/03/541–552; Acc/2558/NR/1/6, p. 258
45. EH photographs: POD: IBC
46. LMA, E/NOR/L/03/546,777: TNA, C107/127: RB: IBC
47. LMA, E/NOR/L/2/2A: ILHC photograph
48. Based on LMA, E/NOR/L/02/002A; E/NOR/L/03/ 13,267,541–52, 776–7: MDR: RB: ILHC, Thomas Hornor's ms map of Clerkenwell, 1808
49. Daily Chronicle, 9 July 1885
50. GL, MPGA Cuttings, COL/LIB/PB04/002–4
51. WAC, Acc/1934/173, p. 43; Acc/1934/174, p. 328: LMA, E/NOR/L/03/538–40: DSR: ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, cuttings and photographs: IBC
52. RB: POD: Census: GL, MS 11936/475/942365
53. LMA, E/NOR/L/03/735: St James, Clerkenwell, parish registers: GL, MS 11936/472/927925: Register of Apprentices of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers , 1931, p. 50: Cecil Clutton, the late G. H. Baillie & C. A. Ilbert (eds), Britten's Old Clocks and Watches and their Makers, 1973 edn
54. Gentleman's Magazine, Jan 1831, p. 92: Jutta Schickore, 'Cheese mites and other delicacies: the introduction of test objects into microscopy', in Endeavour, vol. xxvii, no. 3, Sept 2003, pp. 134–8
55. RB: POD: ODNB: Christian Guardian, Nov 1817
56. RB: GL, MSS 11936/474/927015; 11936/484/983709; 11936/518/1099725
57. RB: GL, MS 11936/492/993292: TNA, J90/628
58. Sir Henry Bessemer, An Autobiography, 1905, p.42
59. ILHC, photographs and cuttings: ODNB
60. RB: POD: Census
61. POD: Census
62. DSR: RB: LMA, E/NOR/E/7/2, p. 33: ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, 14 Sept 1899: TNA, IR 58/42656/2197: IBC
63. DSR: POD: OS
64. Census: BLPES, Booth survey notebooks, B353, p.93
65. LMA, E/NOR/E/7/2, pp. 23, 33–6: POD
66. ILHC, FBC, Housing Committee Mins; cuttings L3. 151
67. LMA photographs: OS of 1938: IBC: information kindly supplied by Michael Sierens
68. LCC Mins, 29 May 1962, pp. 458–9: LCC Architect's Report, 21 April 1964
69. ODNB
70. The Times, 9 Oct 1879, p. 10: Horological Journal, vol. XXII, 1879–80, pp. 29–35, 113; vol. XXVI, 1883–4, p. 155: WAC, Acc/1934/173, p. 531; Acc/1934/174, p. 52: DSR: TNA, IR58/42658/2340–1: Paul Dobraszczyk, 'Historicizing Iron: Charles Driver and the Abbey Mills Pumping Station (1865–68), Architectural History, vol. 49, 2006, pp. 223–56
71. IBC
72. BN, 13 Dec 1912, pp. 829–30; 21 Feb 1913, pp. 270–1: B, 27 March 1914, p. 395: DSR: LMA, E/NOR/E/7/2, p. 40: LCC Mins, 3 Feb 1914, p. 236: POD
73. IBC: www.3w.org, accessed 10 Feb 2006: www.studius.com, accessed April 2007
74. ILHC, FBC Official Guide, 1958, p. 97: DSR: POD
75. LMA, E/NOR/E/7/2: DSR: POD: IBC: Islington Gazette , 20 June 1990: Sunday Times, 11 Jan 1998, p. 15: The Times, 21 Feb 1998, p. 8
76. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/780; E/NOR/E/7/2, DSR: POD: IBC: AJ, 23 Sept 1948, pp. 290–1: Architectural Design, Feb 1949, p. 42
77. LMA, photograph 69/4250
78. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/22/044158
79. Standard, 20 March 1869
80. ILHC, cuttings: Nikolaus Pevsner, The Buildings of England. London except the Cities of London and Westminster , 1952, p. 114: see also Basil Clarke, cited in Boucher, p. 199
81. B, 25 Feb 1871, p. 145
82. CERC, Church Commissioners' files 35306, 35317: Clerkenwell News, 18 April, 29 May 1867
83. LPL, ICBS file 06946: B, 25 Feb 1871, pp. 145–6
84. LPL, ICBS file 06946
85. B, 25 Feb 1871, pp. 146–7
86. B, 3 July 1869, p. 522
87. B, 25 Feb 1871, p. 146: ILHC, cuttings
88. B, 25 Feb, 11 Mar 1871, pp. 146, 196
89. LPL, ICBS file 06946: CERC, Church Commissioners' files E1790L, 35306/2: B, 21 March 1874, p. 253; 9 Oct 1875, p. 918; 9 April 1876, p. 325; 3 March 1877, p. 224: IBC: information kindly supplied by Duncan Haines
90. CERC, Church Commissioners' file 35306: B, 17 July 1880, p. 96
91. LPL, ICBS file 09443: BN, 1 Aug 1890, p. 167
92. CERC, Church Commissioners' file 35306
93. CERC, Church Commissioners' file 35306/2: Martyrs' News (Smithfield Martyrs' Memorial Church Newsletter), 1948–51, passim
94. Boucher, p. 199
95. City University Archives, 'The Polytechnic, its origin and growth', 1950: www.city.ac.uk/aboutcity/facts/students, May 2006
96. S. John Teague, The City University: A History, 1980, pp. 1–34: ILHC, cuttings
97. British Architect, 31 March 1893, p. 218: BN, 3 March 1893, p. 320; 6 Sept 1895, p. 354; 13 March 1896, p. 380
98. Islington Gazette, 21 March 1898
99. City University Archives, E. W. Mountford, 'Report on Design', 1892, p. 11
100. City University Archives, photographs: information kindly supplied by Chris Pickford: Teague, pp. 102–3
101. City University Archives, E. W. Mountford, 'Report on Design', 1892, p. 2
102. As quoted by Sef Architects, 'College Building, City University: Heritage Assessment Report', May 2002, p. 15
103. BN, 3 July 1896, p. 31
104. City University Archives, Mountford correspondence
105. B, 30 Jan 1909, p. 129: Teague, p. 171
106. Teague, pp. 84–5, 177–8
107. www.city.ac.uk, May 2006
108. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/765: Teague, pp. 176–7
109. LCC Mins, 29 May 1962, pp. 458–9: Teague, pp. 180–2
110. LCC Mins, 29 May 1962, p. 459: City University Archives, Report by Sheppard, Robson & Partners, 1963: EH, registry file LRS 000526/0, Northampton Square 1947–1986
111. Teague, pp. 183–4: AJ, 1 Jan 1975, pp. 21–35: IBC
112. AJ, 1 Jan 1975, pp. 21–35: City University Archive, 'Opening of the Tait Building', commemorative booklet
113. BLPES, Booth survey notebooks, B353, pp. 88–9
114. MDR 1711/1/38: VCH, Middlesex, vol. VIII, 1985, p. 15: Rocque's map (1747)
115. Commercial General Union, Hand-in-Hand Insurance Co. Policy Register, vol. 1/A, policy nos 393–5
116. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/90–5,97,106,108,153; MDR 1775/ 6/508
117. www.oldbaileyonline.org: WAC, Acc/1934/145, p. 665: Census: Pinks, p. 281
118. Walter Besant, London: North of the Thames, 1911, p. 483
119. DSR: POD
120. Ibid: Evening Standard, 1 Sept 2005 p. 4
121. IBC
122. DSR
123. LMA, MR/LV9/86; MDR 1819/4/591; E/NOR/L/3/ 149–52; E/NOR/E/7/2, p. 44
124. LMA, E/NOR/L/1/2; E/NOR/L/3/156–7,725
125. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/155: RB: EH, London Region photographs
126. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/153: E/NOR/L/3/154/1–2: DSR
127. POD: RB: Census: LMA, E/NOR/E/7/2, p. 45
128. SBL Mins, 14 July 1880, p. 301
129. SBL Mins, 3 June 1886, p. 54: WAC, Acc/1934/174, pp. 161–2
130. TNA, ED21/56899
131. AJ, 19 June 1968, pp. 1359–61, AJ, 31 March 1971, pp. 707–19
132. Boucher, p. 240
133. B, 19 Aug 1871, p. 654: RCHWC, pp. 42–3: DSR
134. B, 29 Sept 1877, p. 988
135. B, 6 June 1874, p. 475; 28 Nov 1874, p. 997; 2 Jan 1875, pp. 2–3; 9 Jan 1875, p. 30; 17 April 1875, pp. 346–9; 24 April 1875, p. 378: BN, 27 Nov 1874, p. 654; 1 Jan 1875, p. 25: DSR: J. N. Tarn, Working-class Housing in 19th-century Britain , 1971, pp. 19–21
136. RCHWC, pp. 43, 46: Census
137. IBC
138. ILHC, cuttings
139. ILHC, FBC Housing Committee Mins, 1929–34: LCC Mins, 8 Dec 1931, p. 726; 5 Dec 1933, p. 710: LMA, E/NOR/L/3/117: DSR
140. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/22/052955; E/NOR/E/8/5,6,8: LCC Mins: ILHC, FBC Mins
141. ODNB
142. IBC: LCC Mins: LMA, LCC/CON/V243
143. LMA, LV/11/129: ILHC, Thomas Hornor's ms map of Clerkenwell, 1808
144. LCC Mins: IBC: DSR
145. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/22/052955; LCC/CON/V290: LCC Mins: ILHC, FBC Mins: IBC: John Partridge, interviewed by Elain Harwood, 1999: correspondence with John Partridge, 2006
146. IBC: LCC Mins: LMA, LCC/CON/A8165
147. GLC correspondence with Islington Borough Council: E. A. Willats, Streets with a Story: The Book of Islington, 1988 edn, p. 175
148. IBC
149. FBC Mins: LCC Mins: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/ 22/TP/063690
150. Holborn Guardian, 18 July 1958
151. C. Benton, A Different World: Emigré Architects in Britain 1928–1938 , 1995, pp. 152–4: IBC
152. Architect & Building News, Dec 1958, p. 871
153. ILHC, FBC Mins: Holborn Guardian, 18 Oct 1957; 18 July 1958: Contract Journal, 24 Oct 1957, p. 433: Architect & Building News , Dec 1958, pp. 871–5: ILHC, booklet for ceremonial opening of the estate, 1958
154. ILHC, FBC Mins: AJ, 2 May 1979, p. 892: Alec Forshaw, 20th Century buildings in Islington, 2001, p. 46
155. ILHC, FBC Mins: Official Architect and Planner, Nov 1967, p. 1624
156. POD: Census: ODNB
157. Goad insurance plans: DSR
158. LMA, E/NOR/L/2/2A: ILHC, Thomas Hornor's ms map of Clerkenwell, 1808: RB
159. Cromwell, p. 277
160. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/869–873; Acc/2558/NR/1/5, p. 330: RB: Horwood's map
161. GL, MS 11936/490/997887: POD: Census
162. ILHC, FBC Housing Committee Mins, 11 Jan 1954, p. 302; 12 March 1956, p. 458; 23 Oct 1957, p. 237; 4 Nov 1957, p. 243
163. LMA, E/NOR/E/7/2, p. 16; LMA photographs: IBC
164. ILHC, FBC Mins: Islington Gazette, 21 Dec 1954
165. ILHC, FBC Mins
166. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/13/132608: AJ, 18 March 1970, p. 656: Baumeister, Dec 1977, pp. 1153–5: interview and correspondence with Gerald Levin, July 2006
CHAPTER XII (pp. 336–357)
Rawstorne Street to the Angel
1. T. E. Tomlins, A Perambulation of Islington, London, 1858, p. 21: Pinks, p. 472: Barney Sloane and Gordon Malcolm, Excavations at the Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem, Clerkenwell, London , 2004, p. 146
2. Pinks, pp. 472, 475
3. Letters and Papers of Henry VIII, vol. 20, pt 1, 1545, p. 525
4. Pinks, p. 483
5. For fuller accounts of Dame Alice Owen and the foundation of her charity see R. A. Dare, A History of Owen's School (1613–1976) , 1980: Pinks, pp. 473–83: Clive Rose, Alice Owen: The Life, Marriages and Times of a Tudor Lady, 2006
6. GL, MS 5445/27, p. 189
7. GL, MS 5445/28, p. 63: MDR 1742/3/181–2
8. Pinks, p. 485: MDR
9. BL, Crach. 1. Tab. 4. b. 4, vol. 1 (Percival Coll.)
10. MDR 1758/2/248; 1772/2/229–30: RB
11. Census of 1851
12. BLPES, Booth survey notebooks, B353, pp. 100–1
13. GL, MS 5445/41, pp. 43, 205
14. Ibid., pp. 214, 225: GL, MS 18,402
15. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/22/044178
16. Brewers' Company, estate maps: DSR
17. MDR 1765/2/358
18. MDR
19. GL Print Room, Map case G4, plan of Alice Owen Estate, 1832; MS 5445/34, pp. 328, 333: Cromwell, p. 393
20. This account is based on GL, MS 5445/30–33: Society of Friends Library, Records relating to the Islington Road Estate: MDR: RB
21. Pinks, p. 480
22. Survey of London, vol. XLI, 1983, pp. 3, 8, 36, 38, 39
23. MDR 1791/8/459; 1792/7/465–7
24. GL, MS 5445/32, pp. 116–7, 429
25. GL, MS 5445/31, p. 291; 5445/32, p. 34
26. GL, MS 5445/31, p. 290; 5445/32, p. 34: Cromwell, p.395: Colvin: Friends' Library, Biog. file
27. Cromwell, p. 396
28. Ibid.
29. GL, MS 5445/35, pp. 75–6
30. RB
31. The following account of the school is largely based on R. A. Dare, A History of Owen's School (1613–1976), 1980: GL, MS 5445: ILHC, cuttings
32. Dare, p. 22
33. ILHC, cuttings: Finsbury Weekly News, 1 Nov 1963; ILN, 2 Nov 1963
34. IBC
35. Commemorative stone
36. IBC
37. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/17/27993: ILHC, cuttings L 1.7
38. GL, MS 5445/32, p. 107
39. RB
40. Ibid.
41. MDR 1775/6/184–5: RB
42. IBC
43. RB: MDR 1773/6/466; 1773/7/20
44. GL, MS 5445/38, p. 63
45. TNA, IR 58/2043/360
46. GL, MS 5445/40, p. 285
47. GL, MS 5445/34, pp. 318, 428, 433, 457, 509
48. DSR
49. London Landmarks. A Guide with Maps to Places where Marx, Engels and Lenin lived and worked , 3rd edn, n.d., p. 11: E. A. Willats, Streets with a Story: The Book of Islington , 1988 edn, p. 210: Herbert T. Fitch, Traitors Within: the Adventures of Detective Inspector Herbert T. Fitch , 1933, pp. 21–5
50. GL, MS 5445/35 pp. 301, 303
51. GL, MS 5445/35, pp. 297, 301, 356, 359, 363, 416: MDR 1842/7/191; 1845/9/186–190; 1846/1/83–4
52. GL, MS 5445/35, pp. 296–7
53. IBC: www.groveworld.co.uk
54. Pinks, pp. 483–4: ILHC, Deeds of the Old Red Lion: GL, MS 5445/32, pp. 74–6
55. Quoted in Pinks, p. 484
56. Cromwell, p. 388: Pinks, p. 483
57. EH, Historians' file ISL 130: DSR
58. EH, Historians' file ISL 84
59. B, 8 Nov. 1884, p. 644
60. IBC
61. Information from van Heyningen & Haward
62. www.vhh.co.uk, May 2007: Building Design, 7 April 2000, p. 4: AJ, 25 April 2002, p. 12: IBC
63. Islington Gazette, 25 March 1993: www.chapmantaylor.com: IBC
64. Percy J. Edwards, History of London Street Improvements 1855–1897 , 1898, p. 67: B, 19 Oct 1872, p. 824; 2 Nov 1872, p. 871
65. LMA, MBW/1209, pp. 244–5; MBW/1210, pp. 581–2,699
66. LMA, MBW/1220, pp. 322–3; MBW/1189, pp. 362–4
67. MBW Mins, 30 Sept 1881, p. 381
68. LMA, MBW/1189, pp. 460–71
69. MDR 1882/30/739; 1884/29/791: POD: GL, Loan & Company prospectuses: Stock Exchange Yearbook, 1908
70. ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Work Committee Mins, 22 Aug, 3 Oct 1882
71. POD
72. ILHC, cuttings L3. 151: Islington Housing Committee Mins, 1 Sept 1977
73. P. Temple, Islington Chapels, 1992, pp. 27, 42: Cromwell, p. 396: IBC
74. GL, MS 5445/40, p. 286
75. IBC: www.pateltaylor.co.uk, May 2007
76. GL, MS 5445/38, pp. 7, 21
77. EH, Historians' file ISL 123
78. GL, MS 5445/38, pp. 36, 56
79. Clerkenwell News, 14 May 1872: B, 18 May 1872, p. 383
80. GL, MS 5445/38
81. DSR
82. RB
83. ILHC, cuttings L1.7: ODNB: Bill Manley, Islington Entertained , 1990, p. 113
84. RB
85. GL Print Room, Map case G4, plan of Alice Owen Estate, 1832
86. IBC
87. GL, MS 5445/40, pp. 178, 285
88. IBC
89. GL, MS 5445/37, p. 437
90. ILHC, Finsbury Dispensary Annual Report, 1865, p. 187
91. B, 18 Feb 1871, p. 134 (tender)
92. ILHC, cuttings L5.11: Islington Gazette 19 Nov 1937
93. MDR 1774/3/483–4, 1774/5/434–7, 1774/7/145–7,468, 1775/5/144–6, 420–2: H. Clifford Smith, 'Two Commodes by Gates', in Burlington Magazine, vol. 59, 1930, pp. 22–7
94. RB: GL, MS 5445/32, p. 128: London Directory, 1788
95. RB: www.oldbaileyonline.org
96. RB
97. Dare, p. 70
98. RB
99. GL, MS 5445/34, pp. 318, 322, 348
100. IBC
CHAPTER XIII (pp. 358–384)
Farringdon Road
1. John Gwynn, London and Westminster Improved, Illustrated by Plans , 1766, p. 123
2. Nicholas Barton, The Lost Rivers of London, 1982 edn, pp. 76–7
3. Pinks, p. 350: CLRO, 564D (Clerkenwell Improvement Commission Minute Book, 1840–6)
4. CLRO, Plan I7d
5. CLRO, 601D (Minute books of the special committee in relation to the proposed improvement opposite Farringdon Street, 1832–42); Petition Roll No. 46: LMA, MJ/OC/25, pp. 294–5
6. CLRO, 601D, 23 July, 14 Dec 1832, 5 Jan 1833: LMA, MJ/OC/26, p. 522: PP 1837–8 (661), XVI. 9, Second Report from the Select Committee on Metropolis Improvements , 2 Aug 1838, pp. 79, 83
7. CLRO, P.D. 22.20, Proposals For establishing a Company … for continuing the Line of Farringdon Street to Clerkenwell Green, mid-1830s
8. PP 1836 (517), XX. 1, Report from the Select Committee on Metropolis Improvements , 2 Aug 1836, pp.2, 4, 7; PP 1837–8 (661), XVI.9, Second Report from the Select Committee on Metropolis Improvements , 2 Aug 1838, p. 10
9. 1 & 2 Vic., c.lxxxiii
10. 3 & 4 Vic., c.cxii
11. CLRO, 564D, pp.138, 197: B, 4 Oct 1845, p.484 (advertisement)
12. 8 & 9 Vic., c.xvii
13. 14 & 15 Vic., c.cxx
14. CLRO, 564D, pp.13–14,136; 601D, 13 Nov 1840
15. CLRO, Common Council Papers, 27 July 1848, report of Improvement Committee; P.D.54.2: PP 1837–8 (661), XVI.9, Second Report … on Metropolis Improvements, 2 Aug 1838, Plans 19–20; PP 1840 (410), XII. 1, First Report … on Metropolis Improvements , 25 June 1840, Plan E
16. CLRO, 601D passim: Gentleman's Magazine, Sept 1842, p.303
17. CLRO, 564D, pp. 162–4
18. B, 20 Sept 1845 et seq, advertisement
19. CLRO, 564D, 1849–50 passim; 344B/11, Report of the Improvement Committee, 18 Jan 1849, p.7: 14 & 15 Vic., c.120
20. ILN, 22 Oct 1853, p.353: CLRO, 564E—F (Improvement Committee Mins)
21. 22 & 23 Vic., c.97
22. B, 11 Aug 1860, p. 512
23. CLRO, 564E—F, 1855–6: Pinks, pp.166–7, 353
24. Pinks, pp.166–7: ILHC, 'Newspaper Cuttings 1860–1870 on Clerkenwell and Neighbourhood', L1.12, p.4: The Times , 12 Aug 1862, p.9f
25. Companion to the Almanac, 1857, p.231
26. Except where indicated otherwise the following account is based on: Alan A. Jackson, London's Metropolitan Railway, 1986: C. Baker, The Metropolitan Railway, 1951: T. C. Barker and Michael Robbins, A History of London Transport , vol.1, 1963, Chapter 4
27. B, 20 May 1865, p.361; 22 July 1865, p.530: LMA, E/NOR/L/3/911: ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, 1860–70: CLRO, 564E—F, 1868–9
28. Pinks, pp.360–1: ILN, 17 Jan 1863, p.74
29. BN, 2 Aug 1861, pp.635–6
30. B, 10 Jan 1863, p.22
31. BN, 1 March 1861, p. 189
32. BN, 13 Sept 1861, p.744: Pinks, p.361
33. BN, 13 Dec 1861, p.989
34. B, 15 Feb 1862, p.120
35. Pinks, pp.361–3: B, 5 July 1862, p.473; 10 Jan 1863, p.22
36. Illustrated Times, 13 July 1867, p.18: ILN (Supplement), 8 Feb 1868, p. 141
37. B, 10 Jan 1863, p.22
38. ILN (Supplement), 8 Feb 1868, p.142: Jackson, p.122: London Transport Museum, Film and Photo Library, print H/3958
39. BN, 12 Sept 1862, p.205; 10 Oct 1862, p.268
40. ILN (Supplement), 8 Feb 1868, p.142: City Press, 15 April 1865, p.138: B, 30 Sept 1865, p.697
41. POD: Goad insurance plans
42. Jackson, p.367: Goad insurance plans: POD: sign on building
43. LMA, Acc/1297/MET1/116, p.134: ILHC, draft letter 1 July 1898 to Massey Mainwaring, in cuttings L5.91
44. LMA, Acc/1297/MET1/1, pp.446, 449
45. BN, 12 Sept 1862, p.205; 10 Oct 1862, p.269
46. CLRO, H.V.I. Plans, Misc. No.100
47. BN, 20 Oct 1865, p.728
48. BN, 10 Oct 1862, pp.268–9: B, 10 Jan 1863, p.23
49. ILN, 17 Jan 1863, pp.57,74: Pinks, p.363
50. Jackson, p.47: ILN, 10 Feb 1866, p.137
51. LMA, Acc/1297/MET1/2, pp.75, 79, 105, 110
52. B, 30 Sept 1865, p.697: The Times, 25 Dec 1865, p.4f: LMA, Acc/1297/MET25/1, p.75: Jackson, p.47
53. Jackson, pp.26, 330
54. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/17/028778; Acc/1297/MET10/ 285: DSR: Jackson, pp.267–8
55. LMA, Acc/1297/MET10/285427: DSR: Jackson, pp.267–8
56. LMA, Acc/1297/MET10/285: DSR: Jackson, p.268
57. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/17/28778: DSR: POD
58. Jackson, pp.37–8
59. Account based largely on reports in B, 9 May 1874, p.397; 16 May 1874, p.425; 19 June 1875, pp.549–50; 26 June 1875, p.586; 4 Sept 1875, p.806; 21 Sept 1878, pp.995–6: Jackson, p.48
60. TNA, RAIL 236/522
61. Daily Telegraph, 1 Feb 1956, p.7
62. IBC: Islington Gazette, 9 Oct 1987: B, 9 March 1990, p.18
63. Sunday Times Magazine, 28 June 1992, p.49
64. RB: POD
65. CLRO, Misc. Mss 319.11; 564E—F, 1856–9, 1863
66. 3 & 4 Vic., c.112
67. CLRO, Holborn Valley Box 21.5, 21.8, Clerkenwell Improvement Act 1851, 'conditions for letting on a building lease'; 564E—F
68. CLRO, 568G (Act of Parliament Agreements), plan for lease no. 119
69. CLRO, 568G, no.63: LMA, LCC/Misc.P/114; MBW 2612
70. DSR: LMA, School Board for London List of Schools, 1893: TNA, ED21/11423
71. TNA, IR58/42650/1559: DSR: IBC
72. DSR: Arthur Crow, 'The Clerk's Well', in Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society , New Series, vol. V, 1923–8, pp.57, 67–84
73. References are not given for buildings described more fully in the main text. Occupants' names are mostly taken from the Post Office Directory or ratebooks
74. CLRO, 568G, no.81; 564E—F, 15 March 1875: B, 21 Aug 1875 (tender): MBW Mins, 1 Oct 1875, p.334: DSR
75. B, 11 Sept 1875, p.830 (tender): MBW Mins, 26 Nov 1875, p.607: DSR
76. CLRO, 568G, no.75: DSR: POD
77. CLRO, 568G, no.53
78. CLRO, Surveyor's Approved Plans 1029; 568G, nos 70–1; 564E–F, 1874–6
79. CLRO, 568G, no.53
80. CLRO, 568G, no.87
81. CLRO, 568G, no.80
82. CLRO, 564E—F, 20 Jan 1873; 568G, no.80
83. CLRO, 568G, no.8
84. CLRO, 568G, no.101
85. CLRO, 564E—F, Book 36, pp.90, 96, 103, 107, 155; 568G, no.119
86. DSR: BN, 23 March 1888, p.445
87. CLRO, 568G, no.61; Surveyor's Approved Plans 995: B, 29 May 1875, p.496
88. CLRO, 568G, nos 108,113: DSR
89. CLRO, 564E—F, 19 Feb 1877, 28 May 1877; 568G, no.92
90. CLRO, Surveyor's Approved Plans 1273
91. POD: TNA, IR58/42645/1039
92. CLRO, 564E—F, pp.117,121,128; 568G, no.127: DSR
93. CLRO, Surveyor's Approved Plans 1141: plaque on building
94. IBC: DSR
95. DSR: MDR 1875/15/249
96. MBW Mins, 14 Dec 1883, p.980: DSR
97. MDR 1879/3/245–7: DSR
98. The Architect, 5 Oct 1872, p. 192
99. MDR 1878/10/547–8
100. RB: POD
101. MDR 1875/25/863
102. MDR 1876/29/644–50: DSR
103. CLRO, 564D, p.120
104. Illustrated Times, 29 Aug 1863: POD
105. CLRO, 564D, 25 Aug 1845, 18 Dec 1848; 564E—F, 20 Nov 1865
106. CLRO, 564E—F, e.g. 20 March 1876; 20 Sept 1877; ILHC, cuttings
107. CLRO, 564E—F, 20 June 1853, 20 Nov 1854, 15 Oct 1855, 20, 23 Oct 1856; 344B/18 (Common Council Mins), 20 Nov 1856, p.273; 15 Dec 1856, p.286; Improvement Committee Report, 20 Nov 1856
108. CLRO, 344C/5 (Common Council Mins), 1 Oct 1863, p. 165; Improvement Committee Report, 1 Oct 1863
109. George Smalley, The Life of Sir Sydney H. Waterlow, Bart., 1909, p.60: BN, 13 March 1863, pp. 195–7: City Press, 29 July 1865: CLRO, 344C/5, 1 Oct 1863, p.165; Improvement Committee Report, 1 Oct 1863
110. CLRO, 564E—F, 19 March 1863: B, 23 May 1863, p. 369
111. CLRO, 564E—F, 25 Nov 1863, 1 Feb 1864; 334C/5, 24 March, 2 April, 1 Oct 1863
112. CLRO, 344C/6, 21 April 1864; 344C/7, Improvement Committee Report, 25 July 1865
113. CLRO, 344C/6, 21 April 1864, p.115
114. City Press, 29 July 1865, p.5: CLRO, 344C/7, Improvement Committee Report, 25 July 1865
115. B, 8 July 1865, p.484: ILN, 10 March 1866, p.238: City Press , 29 July 1865, p.5: Companion to the Almanac, 1866, pp. 148–9
116. CLRO, 564E—F, 20 July 1868
117. CLRO, 344D/3, pp.83, 222; Common Council Papers, 24 July 1879, Report of Improvement Committee; 564E—F, 17 Nov 1879, 19 April, 20 Sept, 20 Dec 1880
118. CLRO, 344C/7, Improvement Committee Report 25 July 1865: Companion to the Almanac, 1866, p.149: Censuses of 1871, 1881
119. IBC
120. J. N. Tarn, Working-class Housing in 19th-century Britain, 1971, p.11
121. B, 23 Nov 1872, p.934: POD
122. This and the following paragraphs based largely on: B, 9 May 1874, p.393; 5 Dec 1874, pp. 1003–4: BN, 20 Nov 1874, p.600
123. B, 17 June 1876, pp.583–4
124. Ibid
125. BN, 20 Nov 1874, p.600; 27 Nov 1874, p.652
126. BN, 13 March 1863, pp. 195–7: Smalley, pp. 65–6: ILN, 10 March 1866, p.233: B, 8 June 1878, p.585
127. Census of 1881: Companion to the Almanac, 1875, p. 147
128. George Gissing, The Nether World, 1889, p.274
129. GLC Mins, 23 July 1968, pp.463–5: LMA, GLC/MA/SC/3/2196, 2197: ILHC, local index
130. ILHC, cuttings file L1.7
131. IBC: RB: TNA, IR58/42650/1574–6: ILHC, cuttings L5.62
132. MDR 1874/1/613: BN, 7 July 1865, p.478
133. CLRO, 564E—F, 17 Feb 1873; 568G, no.84: DSR: City Recorder , 27 Sept 1990: Camden online planning records
134. BN, 7 May 1875, p.516: TNA, IR58/42650/1556
135. MBW Mins, 14 Dec 1883, p.980: DSR: Goad insurance plans
136. MDR 1879/3/245–7: Goad insurance plans
137. CLRO, 564E—F, 27 June 1864; 568G, no.4; P.D. 70.30: MBW Mins, 30 Sept 1864, p.957
138. RB: DSR: IBC
139. CLRO, 568G, nos 108, 113: DSR
140. LMA, LCC/VA/DD/133/1–25: B, 24 Jan 1880, p.118
141. CLRO, 568G, no.5; Surveyor's Approved Plans 1141: plaque on building
142. IBC
143. Clerkenwell News, 10 May 1872, p.4
144. The Architect, 1 Feb 1873, p.67
145. MBW Mins, 11 Aug 1871, pp. 198–9, 13 Oct 1871, p.344: LMA, MBW/2461: LMA, Acc/2558/NR/1/4, p.11
146. MDR 1872–4: DSR: LMA, MBW 2461: POD
147. POD: ILHC, posters, handbills etc in classified boxes L3. 11, L5.6
148. LMA, E/NOR/L/3/911
149. MDR 1878/10/547–8: DSR
150. POD: MDR 1874–6: DSR
151. POD
152. Frank Swinnerton, Swinnerton: An Autobiography, 1937, pp. 19,41,44
153. ILHC, FBC Mins, Oct 1948—Jan 1951: IBC
154. POD: J. E. Martin, Greater London: an Industrial Geography , 1966, p.36
155. B, 8 June 1878, p.586; 15 June 1878, p.612
156. POD
157. Ibid: ODNB (which incorrectly gives the address as '113 Farringdon Street')
158. Plaque on building
159. LMA, LCC/FB/WAR/3/2: LCC/VA/DD/133/1–25: DSR
160. London Borough of Camden, Planning Department, Statutory Register
161. IBC: www.jetcoinvestments.co.uk
162. ILHC, cuttings L6.23, obituary notice of James Dabbs, from The Publishers' Circular, 19 April 1919: TNA, MEPO2/212: ILHC, Clerkenwell Vestry Mins, 5 May 1891, p. 528: obituary notices of George Jeffery in The Times , 21 Jan 1995; and Bookdealer, 26 Jan 1995: Alec Forshaw, The Markets of London, 1989, p.119
163. Guardian Weekend, 15 June 2002, pp.442–6: www.guardian.co.uk, June 2002
164. Information from John Haylett, editor, Morning Star
165. People's Press Printing Society Ltd, prospectus, in BAL Archives, GolEr/467/3
166. BAL Archives, GolEr/467/1
167. CLRO, 568G, no.61; Surveyor's Approved Plans 995: B, 29 May 1875, p.496
168. BAL Archives, GolEr/467/1; GolEr/467/4: B, March 1950, pp.107–113
169. BAL Archives, GolEr/467/4
170. Information from Kim Reynolds, Slough Estates
171. IBC
172. Paragraph based on article in Guardian, 15 Sept 1976, p.17
173. IBC: Guardian, 15 Sept 1976, p.17
174. IBC
175. Alec Forshaw, 20th Century Buildings in Islington, 2001, p.49
176. LMA, AR/TP 50: IBC
177. LMA, Acc/137/212–34
178. DSR: IBC: TNA, IR58/42650/1588
179. New London Architecture and Jackson Coles Construction Consultants websites
180. IBC
CHAPTER XIV (pp.385–406)
Clerkenwell Road
1. BN, 1 Aug 1879, pp. 116–17
2. MBW Mins, 4 June 1856, p.228; 6 Feb 1857, pp.86–7; 18 Nov 1870, pp.599–600; 21 July 1871, pp.76–7: 35 & 36 Vic., c.163. loc. & pers
3. MBW Mins, 1 March 1872, pp.326–7
4. LMA, MBW/1159, p. 537; MBW/1164, p. 19; MBW/ 1167, pp.347–8; MBW/1432, pp.64–5
5. MBW Mins 1873–4: LMA, MBW/1172, p.470; MBW/1175, pp.228–9; MBW/1178, p.110
6. LMA, MBW/1191, p.76; MBW/1195, pp.589–90; MBW/ 2389, Engineer's Monthly Report, Jan 1876, p.2: BN, 9 Oct 1874, p.449
7. MBW, Annual Report, 1878, p.26: LMA, MBW/1196, pp.518–19; MBW/1198, p.229
8. Paragraph largely based on LMA, MBW/1186–1228
9. LMA, MBW/1197, pp. 597–8: MBW, Annual Report, 1879, pp.27–8
10. BN, 22 Aug 1879, p.207; 25 May 1883, p.729
11. 35 & 36 Vic., c.163, loc. & pers., clause 49
12. LMA, MBW/1357, 16 July 1883, item 45; MBW/1359, 2 Aug 1883, item 16
13. MBW, Annual Report, 1883, p.8: LMA, MBW/1228, pp.676–7; MBW/1229, pp.120–2: MDR
14. CERC, Church Commissioners' file 9424/2
15. GL, Merchant Taylors' Company, Court Minute Books, vol. 27, pp. 34–5,173–4
16. GL, Merchant Taylors' Company, Court Minute Books, 1869–74 passim
17. LMA, MBW/1164, pp.447–50; MBW/1166, p.540
18. LMA, MBW/1164, pp.477,565; MBW/173, pp.15–16, 309–10
19. GL, MSS Dept, Drawings Folder B3/1
20. BN, 16 Oct 1885, p.595: B, 10 Oct 1885, p.490: City Press, 10 Oct 1885, p.7a; 14 Oct. 1885, p.3f: The Graphic, 17 Oct 1885
21. St Bartholomew's Hospital Archives, MS 30/3, ff. 111,338
22. www.thornsettgroup.com: IBC
23. LMA, MBW/1187, p.372; MBW/1189, pp.362–4; MBW/1190, pp.403, 635–6; MBW/1191, pp.94–5; MBW/1290, 5 March 1877, item 42: DSR
24. MDR 1870/11/810; 1870/12/897; 1871/6/436
25. The following account is largely based on Foresters' Miscellany , Jan 1872, pp. 118–19: Foresters' Monthly Journal , Feb 1872, p.5: B, 15 April 1871, p.293; 17 Feb 1872, p.124; 23 Jan 1875, p.80; 24 Aug 1878, p.894: BN, 21 April 1871, p.307; 12 Jan 1872, p.47
26. B, 17 Feb 1872, p.124
27. MDR 1874/17/264; 1874/18/191: B, 23 Jan 1875, p. 80
28. LMA, LCC/AR/BR/22/ES/257; GLC/AR/BR/22/ ES/565
29. St Bartholomew's Hospital Archives, MS 30/3, f.225
30. B, 25 Aug 1877, pp.864–5: LMA, MBW/1196, pp.556–7: DSR
31. LMA, MBW/1186, p.503; MBW/1203, pp.334–5: MDR 1879/7/112
32. B, 25 Aug 1877, pp.864–5
33. LMA, MBW/1186, pp.503–5, 631–2
34. B, 25 Aug 1877, pp. 864–5
35. TNA, IR 58/42673/3894: POD: IBC
36. B, 7 March 1919, p.237
37. LMA, MBW/1199, pp.448–9: DSR
38. DSR: ILHC, cuttings
39. The Times, 14 May 1879, p.12f; 22 May 1879, p.10f
40. H. Oliver Horne, A History of Savings Banks, 1947, pp.182–92: The Times, 14 May 1879, p. 12f; 22 May 1879, p.10f: TNA, BT 31/35934/9145
41. BN, 29 Oct 1880, p.498
42. B, 7 Aug 1880, p.172
43. TNA, IR58/42675/4082–104
44. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/34/003434
45. DSR: POD
46. B, 18 Sept 1886, p.437: DSR
47. LMA, Ho.BG187, pp.55, 107, 135, 236, 342, 418; Ho.BG189, p.288: MDR 1884/17/197
48. LMA, Ho.BG194, p.91; Ho.BG195, p.271; Ho.BG200, p.152: B, 12 Dec 1885, p.822
49. LMA, Ho.BG 190, p.300; Ho.BG203, p. 183
50. B, 12 Dec 1885, p.822: LMA, Ho.BG 199, pp. 82,121,215
51. IBC
52. LMA, MBW/1229, pp. 120–2
53. TNA, RAIL236/177, p.100
54. LMA, MBW/1229, pp.120–2: MDR 1883/37/311; 1895/21/655–6: RB: DSR: IBC: NMR, photo BB91/19785
55. POD: David J. Jeremy (ed.) Dictionary of Business Biography , Vol.2, 1984, pp. 578–80
56. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/17/070205: Lord Kinross, The Kindred Spirit: A History of Gin and the House of Booth , 1959, p.89
57. Kinross, p.89
58. British Journal of Photography, 7 Jan 1898, p.1; 8 April 1898, p.219; 3 June 1898, pp.357–9
59. POD: DSR
60. Karen Moon, George Walton: Designer and Architect, 1993, pp. 59–62, 76–82
61. British Journal of Photography, 3 June 1898, pp. 357–9
62. Moon, pp. 72, 188 n.24: The Gentlewoman, 20 Sept 1902, p. 358
63. The Gentlewoman, 20 Sept 1902, p.358
64. POD
65. IBC: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/17/070205: information supplied by John Lethwitch of Bee Bee Developments
66. TNA, RAIL236/177, p.387; RAIL236/506
67. Ibid
68. LMA, GLC/AR/BR/17/070275: POD
69. Independent Magazine, 17 April 1993, pp.49–50
70. LMA, Acc/1876/MP/1/7: B, 20 July 1861, p.504
71. B, 12 May 1860, p. 304: MDR 1796/5/524–5: POD
72. Mark Girouard, Victorian Pubs, 1984, p.50
73. DSR
74. CM, AOB, R, and estate deeds
75. ILHC, cuttings; City Press, 19 Feb 1959: IBC
76. CM, correspondence 1955: IBC
77. CM, AOB, O, pp. 106, 138–9, 155, 164
78. LMA, Acc/1876/D1/310: CM, AO, S, p.134: IBC: The House of Pringle 1835–1935: Industries of Finsbury, 1949, p. 46
79. CM, estate deeds
80. Ibid: IBC
81. DSR
82. RB: POD
83. POD: RB: DSR: Achitectural Review, Nov 1995, pp.29–31; AJ, 27 July 1995, p.45; 9 May 1996, pp.41–3
84. RB: DSR: POD: date on building
85. IBC: LCC Mins, 5 May 1896, p.509; 19 May 1896, p.578: TNA, BT 31/7449/52935: POD
86. The Times, 18 Nov 1896, p.9e
87. IBC
88. LMA, MBW/1199, pp.706–7; MBW/1201, p.399; MBW/1203, pp.230, 370; MBW/1207, pp.233–4: B, 11 Jan 1879, p.60: DSR: POD
89. ILHC, deeds: The Times, 1 April 1915, p. 15c: IBC
90. MDR 1883/33/184–5; 1886/23/187: DSR: IBC
91. LMA, photo 57/3945
92. AJ, 9 May 2002, p. 12; 27 May 2006, pp.36–42: Baumeister, June 2005, pp.20–1
93. MDR 1886/17/560: DSR: TNA, IR58/42675/4002: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/22/E3/000313
94. MDR 1890/9/66–7: DSR: IBC: TNA, IR58/42675/ 3999,4001
95. All the World, April 1890, p. 191; Aug 1890, pp.412–16
96. All the World, Aug 1890, p.414: MDR 1883/37/422; 1884/7/611; 1890/20/912; 1891/9/900: DSR
97. War Cry, 17 June 1911, p.5
98. POD: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/17/0038919: DSR
99. The Gramophone, Nov 1940, p. 132: Talking Machine News, Jan 1913, p. 1; Feb 1913, pp.542–7
100. Roland Gelatt, The Fabulous Phonograph, 1956, pp. 132, 147–9, 166, 171: The Gramophone, March 1942, pp. 161–2; April 1942, pp. 176–7: A. Pollard, Gramophone: The first 75 years , 1988, p.218
101. Information kindly supplied by EMI Archives: V. K. Chew, Talking Machines, 1981 edn, p.27: POD
102. The Times, 20 March 1931, p. 14b; 1 May 1931, p.20f
103. Information kindly provided by EMI Archives: POD
104. POD
105. MDR 1883/37/422: RB: POD: TNA, IR58/42674/3991
106. Architectural Review, May 1989, p.56: IBC
107. B, 7 June 1884, p. 843: POD
108. LMA, MBW/1188, pp.215–16, 294–6; MBW/1189, pp.553–7; MBW/1195, p.485: MBW Mins, 22 March 1878, p.489: RB
109. LMA, LCC/VA/DD/128
110. IBC: LMA, LCC/VA/DD/128