Elizabeth: January 1560

Calendar of State Papers, Scotland: Volume 1, 1547-63. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1898.

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'Elizabeth: January 1560', in Calendar of State Papers, Scotland: Volume 1, 1547-63, (London, 1898) pp. 282-309. British History Online https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/scotland/vol1/pp282-309 [accessed 24 March 2024]

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In this section

607. Arran and Lord James to Sadleir and Croft. Elizabeth. [Jan. 8. 1559–60.]

"This haill ten or tuelf days we haif bene continually impeschit and trawaillit with the Franchis, the haill cuntre faschit and superexpendit," and ourselves put to exceeding cost, as we wrote to you of late; and have had to retire to St Andrews "to tak and grant sum refresching to the commounte." They have followed us, and come to Kinghorn and Kirkaldy, causing us to assemble and "muif" towards them to Cupar, where we remaining with the foot, sent our horse to Kinghorn. The inhabitants provoked by "sum lycht scarmysche," rashly "mellit" with the enemy before full arrival of our horse, with whom was my lord Sutherland (sent to us by Lord Huntly, with assurance of his good mind), who was in the skirmish shot in the left arm. Our people being of no power, were repulsed with "equal" slaughter, which is very small. The enemy has occupied Kinghorn, Kirkcaldy and Dysart, wherethrough we must either "jeopard" battle (very hazardous) or abandon Fife to them. The desired arrival of your ships would have "rayd" (fn. 1) this whole business, and granted us opportunity of provision. You can consider the necessity, and do what is best to relieve us your friends with diligence. We have advertised you, lest "wers nor the treutht suld haif bene reportit unto you." Cupar in Fife. Signed: James Hammylton, James Stewart.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill).

608. Maitland to Cecill. [Jan. 10.]

You may see by your letters, what service the "shewe" of your ships on our coast could do, and the danger of long drift of time: and I pray to know the Queen's mind, that the ships be hastened. My expectation is she will not alter her former resolution, whereof I was put in hope. Mature opus est facto quia nocuit differre paratis. As I gave the noblemen such comfort of aid, if it is delayed, my credit is like to be in hazard, and they will be driven to despair. The French proceedings are as of desperate men, tempting Fortune: wisdom requires of our men, not to commit the whole to Fortune while hoping for aid, and if well advised, they will conserve their force till your final resolution. Where destitute of help, the last refuge is to essay Fortune, and either get victory in battle, or die in the field, which would have been essayed or now, had they not looked for your help. Wherefore I would be glad to know hereon before the French grow too strong. Signed: W. Maitland.

1 p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill): "L. Ledyngton."

609. Randolph to Croft. [Jan. 12.]

I have your letter of 5th, and would write more at large, but for the danger to those carrying the same. Late at night on the 9th M. la Marque, sent by the French king at Blois to the Dowager of Scotland, with many letters and great credit, was brought to this town, by some gentlemen from the Borders. He was charged to return with all speed through England. At his arrival, and urgent desire, the Duke heard what he had to say: which was that he was a simple messenger sent to learn the estate of the Queen Dowager, reported in France as either dead or near the end of her life. He utterly denied having credit, and could only say that the King was sorry so to deal with this realm as he intended: that the Marquis d'Elbeuf left Calais 14 days before his arrival here. But the Duke and lords of Council credited him so little, that he is in strait custody, and unless he will shortly "largelyer departe with his secretes," he is not like to see many of his countrymen, nor discharge his credit where sent, till too late. I was present, the favour shown him was great, as his demeanour deserved. Though I knew him in time past, I thought this no time to renew it. I have more experience of his doings and traffics through his oft passage through England, than any man here, and judge that his takers have done no small service. The resolution of the other affairs depends on Robert Melvin's return, (fn. 2) daily looked for and much longed after, but all shall be ready by the day, as also the like is desired where you are. It is reported here that Martigues is arrived with 300 "brave souldiars," that M. D'Oysel and la Brosse have crossed to Fife with more, and that "John a Doddes" and his company are beaten out of Burntisland, some slain on both parts. The French have hanged 7 or 8, but for 10 days we have heard nothing. I fear "those two gentlemen" may venture their persons too far in some notable enterprise, but I leave you to judge on reports till I hear from them. I inclose copies of the letters La Marque brought, the contents of which worth sending, speedily send away. Glasgow. Signed: T. B.

Favour the bearer's humble suit in his causes. The Duke desired also to have him in remembrance.

pp. Holograph, 6 words in cipher. Indorsed (by Cecill): "12 Januar. 1559. Mr Randall to Mr Croftes."

Inclosed in the same:—

(1) (Noailles to the Queen Regent.)

The "suffisance du Sieur de la Marque," present bearer, keeps me from relating news. The Queen here charges me to tell you her desire to preserve peace between the three realms. The King has recalled me, and I expect my successor daily. Pardon my inability in endeavour to serve your majesty. London, 2d Jany. 1559. G. de Noailles.

¾ p. French. Copy by Randolph.

(2) (Francis II. to the Queen Regent.)

Being desirous to have news of her health, he has despatched the Sieur de la Marque the bearer, commanded simply to go and return. Asks credence for him. Blois, 23 December 1559.

(In "his owne hand" (fn. 3) ).—He will not be at ease till better news of her health. Desires much to see her soon, she will have no better "medicines" than her daughter and himself. Vostre bon filz, Francois.

1 p. French. Copy by Randolph.

(3) The Duke of Guise to La Brosse and Bishop of Amiens.)

After well considering the causes for which the bearer is sent by the King, they shall hasten his return with good news to the King and Queen. Asks credence for him. Your very affectionate friend, Fransois de Lor[raine].

¼ p. French. In Randolph's hand.

(4) (Francis II. to M. D'Oysel.)

The bearer La Marque is despatched solely to get news of the Queen Regent's health. Asks credence for him. Bloys, 25 December, Fransois.

¼ p. French. Copy by Randolph.

(5) (Francis II. to M. de la Brosse.)

Has sent La Marque the bearer on business which he will himself communicate privately. 23 December, Fransois.

¼ p. French. Copy by Randolph.

(6) (Guise to D'Oysel.)

La Marque the bearer will tell all I would have written. He is dispatched in haste, only to bring back news of the health of the Queen Regent, "Madame ma seur." 25 December. Vostre bien bon amy le Duc de Guise.

¼ p. French. In Randolph's hand.

610. Lennox to Cecill. [Jan. 13.]

On the 13th instant I heard by my servant, dispatched to my servant Laurence Nesbet on 2d,—with a note of information for you as to the "bastardrye" of Hamilton, how that no parliament did legitimate said Hamilton—that said Laurence is committed to the Tower. Whereat I marvel not a little, for his only charge was to travail for my right in Scotland—wherein I trust the Queen will not be offended, but rather strengthen and further my wife and me to recover our own, as much for her Majesty's commodity as ours—and consider how gracious her progenitors have always been to my wife and me, and how upright we have kept ourselves to this hour. Praying to know the offence of my servant, till when I shall be "muche unquieted." "My house of Sutringhton, Saterday xiije of January anno 1560." Signed: Mathow Lewenax.

The note of foresaid information is here inclosed.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill): ". . . Erl Lennox to Mr Sec. con. Nesbitt." Round wafer signet: shield, 3 mullets in chief and a heart in base (Douglas).

611. The Privy Council to Norfolk. [Jan. 13.]

Signifying the late arrival of Lennox's servant Nesbitt with his master's "olde right and clayme in Scotland"—his request for the Queen's licence—the Secretary's deliberation thereon, communication with his fellow councillors, and Nesbitt's committal to the Tower till further enquiry. The Duke is not to appear to have any knowledge of this dangerous matter, but to allow no Scotsman to pass the Border without licence. As the French mean much in setting up this matter, the Earl's son and heir is better in England than elsewhere.

pp. Corrected draft. Indorsed: "M. to my l. of Norf. touching the Erle of Lennox xiij° Januarij 1559." (fn. 4)

612. The Privy Council to Lennox. [Jan. 15.]

Referring to his servant Nesbitt, sent with his pedigree of consanguinity to the Queen of Scots &c., that the holidays had "letted" their decision, and the servant's strange conduct had caused them in discharge of their duty to the Queen, by her authority to commit him to the Tower. They are sorry that his lewd handling has hindered his master's causes, but assure the Earl they could do no otherwise.

Postscript (fn. 5).—Since writing, they perceive the Earl had asked Mr Secretary about his servant, and they meant to send a reply 4 or 5 days past.

pp. Draft corrected by Paget. Indorsed (by Cecil): " . . . Copy of a lettre to the Erle Lennox."

613. Arran to Maitland. [Jan. 20.]

Though this long time desirous, I could not sooner advertise you of our state, being impeached by troubles, chiefly here, where the French have been these 16 days "bigain"; whose pretence is we suppose to pass to St Andrews. But with our small power we have till now stopped their enterprise, and taken "twa chippis" wherein "Monsiewr de Martigwes" came, and next day took and slew 40 or 60 of their men. But their long stay has so wearied and discouraged the country, that we are destitute of their help, for they despair of the English ships and army: and we lie nightly in our arms, most part on horseback, "nocht only to scrimische them, bot also to cwt thair wiwirs." (fn. 6) This constant travail has decreased our horsemen from 800 to scarcely 200 now serving. We are within 3 miles of the enemy, and will abide so long as we can hold 20 horse together. "The Lord faworis so this lytill trowp," that the enemy having twice marched forward, once for 2 miles, the other for 4, has been constrained to return " to the plaice thay comme fra."

I send 2 letters to the Queen, brought to me from France expressly, with credit by Walter Melwin, viz., "that the faithfull pepill of France, seiing the crwawlte and tirani of the reawlers of thair Frenche King, slaiing and mwrdring dayly the sanctes of God, hes chosen them selwis ane of the gretest prinsis of France, (fn. 7) protestant, to be thair "chiftain and condewctewr, and be this menis powrposis God willing, to recwwir the Crestian liberte." Hereof the ministers assure me, as they are faithful men, and to begin in three weeks. The "tare" of the English ships has hindered many, chiefly Huntly, who sent Sutherland with commission to me to sign in his name "the band," assuring me of his support "as ony freind I haiwe, ye! as my awin fader": and desiring to know when England would come in? when he would join them with "the heill north of Scotland." Sutherland has shewn his part by "chedding of his blwd," when shot through the arm at the skirmish the second day he came, and in great danger to lose it; whereof we trust God shall deliver him. Dysart. Signed: James Hammylton.

As I have written more at length to you, than to others, in case ye show it, as I wish ye did, write it over again in your own hand, and show ye have "dessiferit" it. This is because I have written my other letters in "sifir," but had no leisure to write yours, being so long. I wish to heir "ofter" from you, but believe ye "pretermit no occasion."

Send "surly thir two letters" to James Ormiston, with haste. "The ministres wrytis to me for [to] send the tain (fn. 8) befor the wder; thair both a afek." (fn. 9)

3 pp. Holograph. Addressed: "To our traist freind the young lard off Lethingtoun." Indorsed (by Cecill).

614. Arran to Cecill. [Jan. 20.]

[To same effect as preceding, without the postscript. The letters from France were brought by a brother of the laird of Rethe's.] Signed: by a heart pierced by an arrow, point downward.

2 pp. In cipher, deciphered. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill).

Inclosed (?) in the same:—

(Huntly to Sutherland.)

Cousin, I pray you show my friend that he cause the English above all things "fra" they come in Scotland, to have 2000 or at least 1000 bowmen, which will be the first thing to defeat the French hagbutters: and forbid Arran to venture himself in skirmishes, for the whole weight of this matter stands on him. I shall leave nothing undone. "At Cairntully xiij of Januer."

¼ p. In a Scottish contemporary hand. Indorsed: This ticket is the copy of my lord of Huntly's letter to my lord of Sutherland "sen he was hurt." I send it to show you his good mind to us.

615. Norfolk, Sadleir and Croft to Cecill. [Jan. 20.]

Last Thursday night, Brunston arrived with the Queen's letters, yours of 13th, and Lethington's answers to the Council's questions. As our doings must rest on the Protestants' readiness to join us in the field, I shall meanwhile omit nothing, at the Queen's least charge. Yesterday I despatched Brunston, by way of Carlisle (as Lothian is very difficult), whence Lord Dacre shall convey him to the Master of Maxwell out of danger. I requested him to hasten the Scottish nobility to confer with us here—though as the French occupy them much in Fife, we doubt if they can—or send their hostages. I have also requested Lord Dacre to confer with Maxwell and stay the Borders as you advertised.

Yesterday a herald arrived with a signed instruction from the Queen Dowager, complaining of La Marque's taking in Berwick bounds: to which I answered, that he was truly taken in Scotland. She also complained of a French ship stayed in Newcastle—a feigned matter, and no such thing indeed, as I told the herald. He also brought the enclosed letter from La Brosse, and shewed me the Queen's safe conduct through England. I answered I could not hinder vain bruits, but thought La Brosse was too wise to believe them, and might safely use his passport, though I think not yet ready to depart; and so dismissed the herald, who I think rather came to spy than otherwise.

Neither Wynter nor the navy is yet heard of: nor any grain, whereof is great lack.

Postscript.—One Robert Rosse is come with the enclosed letter in cipher from Arran and Lord James. He says they are at Dysart with 500 horse within 3 miles of the enemy, and have with much travail held the French so straitly, that they dare not wander far from the water side. But their hope is in our fleet, the sight whereof in the Frith would double their courage, and cause many to rise to them, who now sit still. They expect some horse from the Duke of Chatelherault, and hope to defend themselves till our ships come. Sadleir and Croft have written to encourage them, copy of whose letter is enclosed.

I lately wrote to you to move her Majesty to appoint a sheriff of the county palatine of Durham, naming Mr Tempest as a meet man—but doubt my letter came not to your hands: praying he or another be placed with speed, for the room should not remain long unfurnished. Berwick.

(Postscript).— (fn. 10) Make my excuse if need be, for not writing to the Queen's highness "all this whyle," for indeed since coming I have found nothing worth. I am loth to trouble you, only to declare that the money now coming will not last if all the garrisons, old and new, be paid—so lend your helping hand that her highness for a little sparing, be not hindered, for "our credyt strechyth no farder than our mony," and the men must be paid "ever aforhand." Signed: Tho. Norff, R. Sadleir, Jamys Croft.

3 pp. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill).

Inclosed in the same:—

(1) La Brosse to Norfolk.)

I send by the bearer a passport which the Queen your "maistresse" did me the grace to give. As the "bruict" here is that she has sent you her "lieuten general" to attack the French and favour the rebels here—(which I cannot believe), for we shall do nothing against the treaty of peace except on these rebels—I wish to know if I may pass with safety? Palace of Lislebourg, 9th January 1559. Signed: De la Brosse.

1 p. French. Addressed: "A. Monsieur Monsr le Due de Northfolk."

(2) (Arran and Lord James to Sadleir and Croft.)

The French are still in Bruntisland. On 12th our horse took and slew 50 or 60 French, and a ship of war took 2 newly arrived ships and 50 French, the "coronell" and 30 escaping by boat. Our commons have wearied and left us, and we are in no small stress, till your ships arrive, and need be hasted. These troubles "lett" our writing to Court. Credit the bearer. The Wymes, 15th January 1559.

p. Copy by Railton. Deciphered letter from Arran and Lord James to Sadleir, &c.

(3) (Sadleir and Croft to Arran and Lord James.)

We received your letter in cipher by this bearer on the 15th instant. We are glad of the "distresse" by your horse on the French and the taking of the ships, trusting that God will assist your godly and just cause. Our ships are daily looked for, and shall be hasted to the Frith with speed as weather serves.

The Laird Brunston sent by Lethington, this day entered Scotland by Carlisle, and will be with you as soon or before this letter, and declare fully the Queen's mind; therefore we will not trouble you longer. Berwick. As in our last, we pray you to hazard no battle, unless you find yourselves "an overpertie."

1 p. Copy by Railton. Letter in cipher from Sadleir and Croft to Arran and Lord James.

616. Randolph to Sadleir and Croft. [Jan. 21.]

If my letters of 13th, and copies of what came from France, reached you by the laird of Wetherborne's servant, you know of La Marque's taking, &c. On the 14th he was brought to Dumbriton out of the way of "recource." Before departing thence, he asked leave to write to the Dowager, M. Doysel, M. Nouales the ambassador in England, &c., but was allowed only to the Dowager. The other letters were stayed, as "Barnabie" pretends to know more of him than any here. His letter to the Dowager related his despatch, with credit from the King and Queen to her immediately after M. Rubie's arrival, his capture on leaving Berwick, and urging her grace to procure his speedy delivery. It was sent by "a boye of this howse" to the Bishop of St Andrew's servant, for the Dowager. Next day the Bishop's servant brought to the Abbot of Kilwinning her answer to La Marque (a copy whereof is enclosed), with a letter to himself, complaining rather of the disobedience in taking him, than that his coming "imported" her much, she having heard from Martigues (who left France after him) all he had to say. Howbeit, on La Marque's own confession Martigues was at sea, before he left Blois. The Bishop wrote also his mistrust of the English, the little chance of any aid from them, and that they had retired from Berwick, &c. Before this however the Queen had sent to know who was taken? And been answered, that on 3d or 4th instant La Marque was taken 4 miles on this side Berwick and was now in Dunbarton, where he would be treated as Scottish gentleman prisoners in the "Inche," Dunbar, &c. are. For so young a personage, he is very religious, and laments sore not hearing "Masse," or having wherewith to say his ordinary devotions. "He made request at his beinge in this towne to see the ordre of the commen prayers, which are the verie same or dyffer verie lyttle, from those of England. His divotion to them was so lyttle, or his dyscretion so symple, that he stoode whyleste other men kneled upon their knees, with his cappe upon his hedds, lokynge upon the walles, wich so myche dys contented the congregation, that one came unto hym and willed hym to dyscover his hedde, or retorne to his lodginge." He reports the French King's severity and constancy in punishing "Lutherians," and the King of Spain's favour to France. He muses why the Congregation expect succour from England, saying the Queen promised the contrary "by her owne mouthe" to Nouvales and himself when at Court for his passport. Nouvales in his letter to the Dowager, whereof I sent you a copy, writes the same. La Marque marvels that in these churches he finds neither altar nor image, candle nor surplice, as he said he saw in the Queen of England's chapel. He brought 3 books with him—one as papistical as ever was written, the other of love, to recreate his troubled spirits: the third was "the pronostication of the venerable personage Nostredamus, of this yere." I would have sent it to you, but there are too many here that give credit to such follies. This day the Queen Dowager's letter is sent to La Marque, and you shall hear his answer.

Martigue's arrival was as follows. The Duke heard on 13th of his landing at Leith with 15 or 18 gentlemen, having presence of the Queen Dowager at Edinburgh same night, with the 2 archbishops, &c. The news next morning was that Andrew Sandes late of Leith, had taken the 2 ships he came in, with great store of armour, money and apparel and 8 "genette" horses worth more than 30,000 crowns, which greatly grieved Martigues. Yet I cannot believe he was so "woode" as reported here, "that he rent his heare from his bearde so cleane, as thoughe he had byne newe shaven!" The Queen is reported to have wept very sore. Men think the more sorrow she hath, the fatter she waxeth, which makes us believe that shortly, if she wept not oft, she would die for fat, seeing no other disease is able to take her out of this world. Martigues is still with her, the rest in Fife. She if able, and Doysell, will return to France, Marquis D'Elbeuf shall be lieutenant, Martigues "coulonel de linfantirie," the rest as they are, and more Scotsmen to be entertained—to make a party against the others.

For the Borders, Lord Hume told the Duke he would answer him by the 20th "present," whereon this bearer is sent to him. Of Fernehirst and Cesford there is good hope. Of the others, nothing more assured than the Master of Maxwell, whose doings with Lord Dacre you know better than I. Few lords repair to the Queen. Lately we hear that the Earl of "Mongummerie" (fn. 11) for private displeasure against the Duke, is gone to her with his household servants—his brother and friends came next day to the Duke. Cassillis is also with her—your honours know his power. Morton, Seton, and Bothwell, lie still—the last said to be weary of his part. "Of his syster, yf I myght as well wryte yt as speake yt in your heares, I had somewhat to say. Bycawse you wyll judge yt to be but a merrie matter, I will leave yt untyll a fytter tyme; thoughe judge what yt shall please your honours, yt is worthe the reportinge." The clergy stick stiff to their tackling, more able to relieve the Queen with grave counsel, than help with money or men; they are readier to borrow than lend. Martigues it is said, makes means for money, it was all lost in the ship. For anything I can hear or guess, the French are not to be feared, having neither money nor assured place of retreat. Leith is daily repaired, which looks like one; there are not above 500 there, and at Edinburgh very few. For the castle, it is thought one of the greatest stays why he shows not himself a friend, "is a neighbour of yours." We are uncertain of him; he is now a friend that will not be an enemy. The French have had little success in Fife; have been driven to such need that Leith and other places on this side chiefly supply them. You have heard of Burntisland taking, I am sure. They lie chiefly at Kingorne, Kirkcawldie, &c. For offence at the Laird of Graynge, they lately burned a fair house of his and spoiled it. Next day as reported, he slew an ensign of theirs and 15 or 18 men, the rest taken prisoners to Dundee. Since then 300 French intending an enterprise, had scarcely time to retire. The two lords lie within 3 miles of them with 2000 foot and horse. The French artillery is reported back at Leith, arguing their return. There are 300 at Stirling, thus in all about 3000. I hear not of many Scots joining, except the Lord Robert and Abbot of Dunfermline. Expedition is very needful that so good an opportunity be not lost. I travail with my pen, "and daylie labor here with my tonge, untill my braynes do ake." Your honours have heard of Huntly's promise, which has greatly comforted many here. A good wise gentleman of these parts lately told me he thought the French would fortify Burntisland—the haven being convenient against Leith. In my simple judgment I see no fit place there, for it is "subjecte" to cannon, and the "moulde unfeet to fortifie with." There is no other place till St Andrews, and there no work to any effect could be done in short time. I fear most their gaining Lord Erskine. (fn. 12) He also said that 3 years since the Queen Dowager was in communication with him, "beinge of that countrie, of a place not farre from Are, cawled the Truyne, (fn. 13) lienge harde upon the sea, so commodius as the lyke was not to be founde upon the weste seas." I advertise your honours hereof in case any French force were to land there: I hope ere long to see the place. Dunbarton is defended by nature, and stored for 6 months at least. I am promised very shortly to see it, and commune with La Marque, who is like to keep his Easter there, unless he discloses his secrets. I enclose copy of a proclamation at Edinburgh on the 14th instant: it was said before it came, that "the stile therof was kinge and quene of France Scotlande Englande and Erelande." It is said a herald is sent to the Duke of "Northefolde" complaining of La Marque's taking on English ground. His own letter to the Dowager says the contrary; for he first wrote "a l'issue de Barwick," and then changed it to "trois ou quatre milles de câ Barwick." It is said Lord Dacres has proclaimed that Scotsmen may come to Carlisle without safe conduct, and the Master of Maxwell the same at Dumfries, and they are reforming these Borders—much to be desired. Alexander Armstrong with his friends, has promised service to the "Dukes grace" in any way he lists. All men here are very ready, they wait and muse on the long stay of their last messenger. They chiefly desire that at least 3 or 4 of our ships were in the Frith to join with the Dowager's. Andrew Sandes took another ship between Leith and Dundee. La Marque said that Martigues left France with 2000 soldiers and 18 ships; the greatest "accompte" of them is 6 ships and 300 soldiers. He said that Delbeuf had left Calais before he came there, with 6 sail—thought to be the whole that can be spared till next summer. So there is nothing like speed, giving me leave to end with the old saying Semper nocct differre paratis. I would be glad to have written something "in other sorte," but I left my "artographie with 8," who sent me, another than I looked for: but the bearer has deserved well of me and others, and is the surest by whom I may understand your pleasures. May it please you to send these and the enclosure as you know. Glasgow. Signed: T. R.

The Lords desire to know who is warden of the East Marches.

8 pp. Holograph, closely written. Addressed. Indorsed.

Inclosed in the same:—

(The Queen Dowager to La Marque.)

I am greatly displeased to hear by your letter, of your arrest while on your way from the King to enquire for my health; and still more that those of this nation have meddled so boldly with his servants, having too many faults already without adding this. I tell you that if within 5 days the Duke does not send you to me with your despatches as when taken, he shall find effectually there are means both here and in France, to make him feel and remember it all his days. Edinburgh, 17 January, Marie R.

½ p. French. Copy by Randolph.

(2) (La Marque to the Queen Dowager.)

This day your majesty's reply to my letter from Glasgow, has been brought to me. In place of those in whose hands I am being disposed to redress the past, the morning after I wrote to you I was brought to this castle, where I look for a long stay, if God who is a just judge permits not obedience to those entitled to it. My chief consolation is your majesty knows where I am; I will bear it patiently as for the king's and your service, and it shall not avail the designs of my keepers. Dunbarton Castle, 20th January. La Marque.

½ p. French. Copy by Randolph. Indorsed.

617. Croft to Arran and Lord James. [Jan. 21.]

Part of the Queen's ships have arrived, but from weather, they lack boats, mariners and victual. Thinks it better to send them on for supply in Scotland, than back to Newcastle. Has 500 men who could not be shipped for want of boats, whom he will stay till he hears. Berwick. James Croft.

¼ p. Copy by Railton. Indorsed (by Cecill).

618. Gui Opeycet to the Queen Regent. [Jan. 21.]

Captain Robin Ladre is come here and told me to advertise you that he embarked in "ung naviri de selle," in the rode of Eymouth [Ahmues]; the English asked him how many people there were in Inchkeith [Lile de Schivaus]? He thought they would harbour there. One ship carries 13 cannon, in another 500 soldiers. To-day 8 very great have passed the Isle of May towards Inchkeith. Dunbar. Signed: Gui Opeycet(?)

There are 13 in company, and 14 coming after. The Duke of Norfolk (?) [Noterberlan] is come to Berwick and Lord Dacres returned to Newcastle [Nescasal] and thinks to be marshal of the foot.

1 p. French. Holograph (?) Addressed: "A la Reyne a Lilebort."

619. [Maitland] to . . . [60. Jan. 1559–]

I omitted the taking of La Marque with the king and queen's packet. It contained nothing but credence, so large as if the King, Queen, Cardinal, and Duke of Guise had been all here in proper person! He is presently in Dunbarton, kept straitly, for all the Dowager's "bost."

This day I got word that Grange's house was not "cassyn" down, but the corns burned and the houses before the yett, (fn. 14) and spoiled. His French prisoners were sent to Dundee. Andrew Sandes asked the lords to send and see the coffers and "balhuffis" that he took in the ships opened, but they would not, and sent him word it was all his own "and it war" 100,000l.! Yet I trust the man shall spend it all in the common action, for he and the rest of Dundee are sending out 6 or 7 ships to keep the "Fyrth." Our friends may think it "strenge and uncoutht" that the French are "sa lang onfouchin" with, but the matter understood, it is better undone. For they are soldiers in one king's pay always together, and when our people gather in force, retire to their strength, till ours are "scalit," who you know cannot long "byde" together. If we chance a battle on uncertainty, we risk the "tynsell" of our nobles, who must be the first in danger, as appeared in the last skirmish, when the Master of Lyndsay and the laird of Grange were first to alight and risk their lives—though God gave them victory without any loss except Thomas Kirkcaldy shot through the body with a hacbut, yet not thought in danger of life or limb—and a gentleman of my lord Duke's, slain at the burning of a house where some Frenchmen had taken refuge. Now if we had lost Lyndsay and Grange, it would have been more hurt to us than 1000 to the French—yea I would have thought more of losing them, than slaying all the French in Scotland.

We are in mind shortly to invade Stirling if we can. Argyll went to his country 8 days "syne," and this day we got word from him that he is evil disposed but will be here with diligence if either "he may gang or ryde." All preparations are going on, only waiting our friends' advertisement "quhilk yit agane we pray to be heastit."

1 p. Closely written in a Scottish hand. Indorsed (in same): "Lidingtoun." Evidently a postscript to a letter.

620. Norfolk and Sadleir to Cecill. [Jan. 22. 1559–60.]

On arrival here yesternight from Berwick, I found Holstok captain of the Swallow, and understand from him that on Sunday night 14th instant Mr Wynter left Leestoffe rood with 12 men of war, leaving 2 to "wafte" 7 others with munition, armour, &c.,—was driven back off Flamborough head by weather into Humber mouth on Monday, put out again and reached Flamborough on Tuesday night, and parted there by violence of weather. On Friday morning Holtok in the Swallow, with the Falcon and Jerfalcon came into Tynemouth, after riding off it all night, he says in great peril. Wynter and 7 ships on Thursday night last were "thwarte uppon" Bamburgh Castle, and on Saturday morning last, I saw them "in the sees afore" Berwick. Though not sure they were the Queen's ships, I ordered Sir James Croft before leaving, to reinforce them with 500 or 600 "harkebutiers" to aid the Protestants, and to instruct Wynter for his conduct in the Frith—which I have now sent him in writing by Holstok, as the copy herewith will show my lords and you.

Postscript.—I also send letters from Croft and Winter. I hear nothing of the grain ships, nor of my promised commission of "Oyer terminer" which pray hasten.

As I was about to "signet" this, Sir James Croft wrote with a packet from Thomas Randall alias Barnaby with his letters to Sir James and Sir R. Sadleir, and copies of the letters brought by La Marque—all which I enclose. Newcastle. Signed: Tho. Norff., R. Sadleir.

pp. Written by Sadleir. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill).

Inclosed in the same:—

(1) (Norfolk's instructions to Wynter.)

[Under six heads.]

To embark the harquebusiers—hasten to the Frith—with advice of Arran and Lord James, annoy the French—hinder Delbeuf's landing—keep good watch on the French in Inchkeith and both sides the Frith, and (6th) to give no desperate adventure—but all as of his own head and of himself, "as though he had no commission therfore" of the Queen, or of me her lieutenant. And I think he and part of the fleet should forthwith show themselves in the Frith, leaving the rest to follow. Tho. Norff.

1 p. Copy by Railton. Indorsed: "The copie of my lord of Norffolks grace instructions to Mr Wynter."

(2) (Wynter to Norfolk, Sadleir and Croft.)

At leaving the Court, I received instructions from the Queen, which I enclose to your grace. And to inform you of our proceedings since leaving Gillingham, I send Mr Gorges and Mr Mallyn, two of the Queen's captains, desiring credence for them, and to learn from your grace what shall be "nydfull" for me to know, and with speed, "bycawse our roode" here is uncertain. Aboard her majesty's ship, riding in Coldingham bay, 20th January 1559. Signed: W. Wynter.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill): "20 January 1559. Mr Wynter, from Cold: baye."

(3) (Wynter's journal.)

Wednesday 27th December about 9 a.m. the admiral weighed anchor, riding before Queenborough in Jellingham water, for the north. Same day, wind S.S.E., between 3 and 4 o'clock, we came to anchor against Goldmore gate beside "the Nase of Harwiche, tharte of Walton hyll." Thursday 28th, about 10 o'clock, we weighed, and went over the Nase, the wind at S.S.W., and same day, wind W.S.W., at 4 o'clock p.m., we anchored in Yarmouth road. On Thursday 4th January, we were forced to slip our anchors and cables with very much wind at N. and by E., and go back again "with Orwell waunes(?) afore Harwyche," some of the ships spoiling their mast and remaining to repair them. Thursday the 11th January, at 12, we weighed with the wind at S. and by E., and same day at 4 o'clock we struck sail "a tharte" Dunwich, and "layed it a hullynge ii owers," and so went to sea all night, wind at S. On Friday 12th we anchored athwart Laystoke, wind at [S. ?], W. and by S., and rode there till Saturday 13th at 8 o'clock a.m., wind at W.S.W., and at 12 o'clock we anchored in Yarmouth road, wind at W. On Sunday 14th we weighed at 9 a.m., wind at S.E., and came to Flamborough head, where we met the wind that night at 4 o'clock a.m. at N.N.W., by force whereof we returned to the Humber and there anchored at 4 p.m., wind at N., being Monday the 15th. Tuesday 16th we weighed at 11 o'clock, wind at S.E. and by S., and went north to Flamborough head, and there the "terroure" of the weather was such that we lost all our boats, and 12 ships were dispersed, viz., the Lyon, Mr Wynter admiral; the Phillip and Mary, Mr Robert Constable vice-admiral; the Harte, Mr William Gorge captain; the Antelope, Mr Southewike; the Jennet, Mr Malyne; the New Bark, Mr Byston; the Grayhound, Mr Locke; the Swallow and others following dispersed, Mr Holstocke captain; the Teger, Croker; the Willoughbic, Mr Spencer; the Jarfawcon, Mr Stoneher; in the Falcon, Hare. Left in Yarmouth road, by my order to conduct the victuallers and munition to the appointed place, the Bull, Wynchestre captain, the Saker, Gyles Graye.

Thursday 18th January, we anchored against Bamborowe Castle "atharte" Ferne island, wind at N.W., at 4 o'clock p.m.; and same night by force of weather, the wind "vyringe out" at N. and by E., we were constrained to go to sea with loss of divers anchors and cables. Saturday 20th January at 11 a.m., we came to anchor at Ayemouth, wind at S.W. and by W.

pp. Indorsed (by Railton).

(4) (Croft to Wynter.)

I have received your letters to the Duke (or in absence to Sadleir and me), and sent them to his grace with a double of the Queen's instructions. By his authority I signify my opinion, viz., that wind and weather serving, you sail to the Frith, and annoy the French, after conference with Arran and Lord James. For this purpose I send by the bearers a letter to them to be delivered by you to John Forett Scotsman whom I have detained here to serve your turn in all things relating to the service. You shall do all as of yourself, till the Duke's further instructions. Give credit to Mr Gorge and Mr Malling. Berwick, 21st January 1559. James Croft.

½ p. Copy by Railton. Indorsed (by Cecill).

621. Jean du Faultrey to his Brother. [Jan. 22.]

He was so tardily advertised of the incommodities suffered in his march "en campaigne" that he cannot send anything in safety, but will do what he can, if instructed how. Has come to be near the Queen and the Bishop of Amiens, but thinks it will not be for long. This day 8 vessels are reported in sight, whether French or English uncertain. God grant they may be the Marquis's. Edinburgh.

Has not written to M. D'Oysel having nothing to say, but recommends himself humbly to him, and the "Seigneur dy Suriennaulx. M. Hamelyn is here, and they are helping him to pass "le mauvays temps." Prays him to say what is become of the "bandes" of M. de Thouars. Signed: Jean du Faultrey.

1 p. French. Holograph. Addressed: "A Monsieur du Faultrey mon frere."

622. Jean du Faultrey to D'Oysel. [Jan. 22.]

Divers news have come to the Queen to-day that 8 ships have been seen off Dunbar steering for the Isle of May, some think French others English—and Monsieur de Coldyngham having sent a boat to view them, it was not suffered to come near. By command of the Bishop of Amiens, I enclose the Queen's advices received, and I hope for more ample news to-morrow, as her majesty has sent an express to North Berwick. Dagnolle thinks (if English) they are come to thwart your plans, but her majesty is assured that yourself and Monseigneur de la Brosse will know what to do with their warships and the victuallers. My lord has showed me a letter from Captain Maurigean at Dunbar, who is in want of "vivres," &c., wherein I will speak to-morrow morning with Captain Seriac, also to assist those of Brochhemouth, who have this day offered to assist the Queen to their utmost. Edinburgh.

I have opened this to tell you that the Queen having to-night the news that M. d'Amiens sends you, has sent 12 or 15 soldiers to the isle [en lisle] with provisions, and written to the Captain warning him to be on his guard. Signed: Du Faultrey.

1 p. French. Holograph. Addressed: "A monseigneur monseigneur de Villeparisis, gentilhome en. . . le chambre du Roy et son lieutenant general en Escosse."

623. The Bishop of Amiens to D'Oysel and De la Brosse. [Jan. 23.]

Last evening the news reached the Queen which she has commanded me to send you—which is but to divert your forces, for the bruit has been here for 3 or 4 days. Two soldiers arrived at midnight from Dunbar with the enclosed letter, complaining that since yesterday they had been without meat [chair] or "mat," and I fear little else. They have some flour and wine, how much I know not. There is no cause for fear, as those of Broxmouth [Brossemont] offer to supply flesh, &c., as ordered. The number of the ships is uncertain or if English or not—their object I think is only to keep the people on the rebels' side and give them no active help. Yesterday the Queen sent 12 or 15 soldiers to the Isle "au chevaulx" with provisions. The herald tells us there are no armed preparations. We hear so many reports no one knows what to believe. Some say 8 ships, others 14. I thought at first it was the Marquis, but Robin Lader was aboard of them and they are English. Therefore the Queen should send a despatch to her ambassadors to learn if the Queen of England is assisting her rebels, and if so, to inform the king that he may enquire why the peace is broken.

The Queen omits nothing for your help and the safety of Leith. You will consider if it would not be advisable for the safety of passage of M. le Marquis, to warn Calais, and also if you think good for his safe conduct, to send to the ambassador, (you having written to the Duke of Norfolk and received no answer in writing, but he merely said to the herald, that he thought the Queen his mistress would not break her word), to learn her intentions more definitely. Edinburgh. Signed: N. de P. Amyens.

This letter has been already once at sea, but could not pass the enemy's vessels, and has remained with me, till this morning 24th, I delivered it to the bearer a servant of M. de Villemor's. Some of their vessels having chased ours on the coast I have sent 25 hackbutters to their aid. To-day the Queen is to speak with the sergeants here as to what force they can muster against the enemy.

pp. French. Addressed: "A messieurs monsieur de la Brosse chivaler de lordre du Roy, et monsieur de Villeparisis lieutt general pour le Roy en ce Royme." Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk): "xxiiij of January," &c.

624. Lennox to the Council. [Jan. 23.]

I am sorry to see by your letter of 21st that my servant Nesbet's lewd handling, is occasion of his punishment and hindering my suit. He had in charge nothing but suing the Queen's licence in my private affairs in Scotland—and considering that the bruit may run there and comfort my enemies, also the poor man's ignorance, who hath overshot himself in words, more than his knowledge is,—I humbly pray you to set him at liberty, and that it may please her Majesty to licence me to "travais" in my affairs there, considering my great loss, as her progenitors have done before. With my wife's hearty commendations to your lordships for your gentle remembrance of her. My house at Setrington. Signed: Mathew Levenax.

pp. Addressed. Indorsed. Wafer signet: a heart (indistinct).

625. M. De Villemor to M. Lissiet. [Jan. 24.]

Cousin, I thought to cross, but my sickness preventing me, I send John a Fenton, and pray you to lodge him and my "hacquenei." When better, I will see you. The bearer will give all news. Edinburgh. Signed: De Villemor.

½ p. French. Holograph. Addressed: "A Monsieur Lissiet."

626. Norfolk and Sadleir to Cecil. [Jan. 24.]

In reply to your letter of 20th and others with the same from my lords, doubting the arrival of the horsemen here by 1st February— how glad the Queen would be if the Scots would expel the French without her open aid—and that some fear this controversy between the French and Scots "be a trayne to betrappe us": (1) to give time for carriages, draught horses, &c., conferring with the Scots nobility at Berwick, and how to aid them, I judge the horse shall be in good time if here by 10th February: (2) you know, if the Scots could have done it alone they would not have asked our help against the French: and seeing the Queen has promised it and their hope thereof, I cannot see how it could be stayed without dishonour and great danger to these realms: (3) whatever others may think, I see the daily enmity and bloodshed between the French and Protestants is so manifest, that there can be no such scheme to entrap us. We are uncertain whether the French purpose St Andrews, or will return to Leith, but it is thought impossible thay can keep both. Some think they will return to Leith, as by the copy enclosed of Sir James Croft's letter to me of 22d. When our ships reach the Frith, the French determinations will appear, and then you can resolve as to aid by land or sea; for if they remain in Fife, they can only be annoyed by sea, and I know not what to do to Leith. For though easily surprised, I hear it is not to be fortified without long time and great charge—some think it can not. Besides I think we should not occupy any part of Scotland, lest the Scots mislike and fear our conquest, as they do the French, and from friends become enemies.

I shall have regard to the matter signified for Lennox. While writing, I received a packet from Croft, with letters from Arran and Lord James, one to Croft in cipher, which deciphered, I send you with the others. It would seem that they had formerly written to Sadleir and Croft of some intended interprise, who have not yet received the letter. Newcastle. Signed: Tho. Norff., R. Sadleir.

2 pp. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill).

Inclosed in the same:—

(1) (Croft to Norfolk.)

I received your letter of 20th from Alnwick, this day, and trust you have received the doubles of my letters to the admiral and lords of the Congregation, hoping I have done all for the best, for on conference with Gorge and Malling, &c., we thought the want of boats and mariners might be best supplied by the Protestants, and sending the ships to the Frith would comfort our friends. Last night Lord John of Coldingham was here and told me the French on Friday and Saturday were sending their ordnance from Fife to Leith, as also the 2 "enseignes" which were at Stirling, and on sight of our ships will make more haste from Fife. These have gone this day into the Frith, and I look for news from them and the lords with the first wind.

One Logan a Scot a "venturer" at sea and a friend to the Congregation, lately took some prizes, left them at Portsmouth and came here by land, asking safety in our ports for his ships and men, while he passed to advise with the Lords in Scotland how to further their cause. I assured him accordingly, and he with others are preparing 5 ships against the French; one of which being at Holy Island, is being stayed by the Lord Admiral's officers and Clavering. It may please your grace to give me authority herein, and as to such other ships which I know to be our friends. Berwick, 22 January 1559, James Croft.

1 p. Copy by Railton. Indorsed (by Cecill).

(2) (Arran and Lord James to Sadleir and Croft.)

Being on the enterprise "we did let you knowe by the last berer," the enemy marched forward and broke our purpose, and though they retired to camp at Kinghorn, and we to ours here, we can do nothing at present. As we wrote before, Huntly sent his cousin the Earl of Sutherland with full commission, but being shot in the left arm and evil hurt at the first skirmish, he is gone home to make Huntly keep promise. The ministers of France assure us that their congregations are secretly resolved to take the field on a day within 3 or 4 weeks at furthest under a prince of the court, of the Blood royal. Your "lang tarie" has put all the commons and sundry barons in despair of your aid; and if your ships be not hasted, or your land host make not a "meanyng" forward to us, to draw the enemy back, we and the whole cause shall be put in extreme danger. Kircaldie tells us that within these 8 days, an Englishman came secretly to the Dowager and was conveyed forth in like manner by the Laird of Langton. He speaks "many good languages." Dysart, 19th January.

Despatch this other packet to the Court.

pp. Copy by Railton from the original cipher deciphered. Indorsed (by Cecill).

627. Randolph to Sadleir and Croft. [Jan. 25.]

On the 23d about 6 p.m. the Laird of "Brimstone" arrived here, sore troubled by the dangerous travelling. His news gave no small comfort to the Duke and other lords here. Before his arrival, the Master of Maxwell had sent from Dumfries to Arran and Lord James, that he was coming; so they knew he was here, as soon as we that saw him.

The Lords have this day "viz. the xxiiij" required me to signify how much they are bound to serve the Queen, and also to requite your good wills to the common cause. This day the lords in Fife wrote and their friends daily left them for rest to themselves and their horses, the enemy grew stronger, and they had to retire to Cupar, leaving their enemy more liberty, and desiring the Duke and other lords here to repair at once to their aid. They have therefore resolved to convene here on Sunday next, and on Monday to set forward to Stirling, where they hear only 300 French keep the town: of the castle they have no suspicion of evil. Necessity forces them to this till they see what becomes of the present cumber. They have great hope from the sending of these 500 men to Fife, and wish they were hastened. Their need requires no less, I assure your honours: and it were well our ships were in the Frith to encounter the French, whose following the Scots marching along the coast, annoys them more than the French skirmishers on land, besides bringing them provisions which they only get by sea. Their purpose seems only to weary the other out of the field. I cannot see how they can return to Leith by sea, if ships were laid to stop them about Burntisland, Kirkaldy, &c., and to return by Stirling is long, and as I think something is intended against them.

The Lords think it good that one be sent to confer with my lord of Norfolk, but can not resolve till meeting. The hostages are ready, but they would rather the Queen chose those whom it pleases her, than to send the whole 12. I have travailed with the Duke here to send his 2d son the lord of Arbroath. It stands in suspense till the meeting with my lord of Arran: the young gentleman desires it very much himself. I see no impediment thereunto, nisi quod pater sit aliquanto ad rem avidior. If your honours think it will serve to any greater purpose to have him rather than the youngest, I do not doubt but it will be granted. I doubt not that my letters of 22d are come to your hands. Barnabie has got leave to speak with La Marque, and that he shall not depart but on convenient terms, and desires your honours' advice. I desire pardon for my hasty and unadvised writing, as the time presses. Glasgow. Signed: Tho. R.

2 pp. Holograph, closely written. Addressed (To Sadleir or in his absence to Croft). Indorsed.

628. Randolph to Sadleir. [Jan. 25.]

After ending my other letter, I received the inclosed from my lord of Arran, whereby you may judge their comfort at the ships' arrival. The Duke's purpose to Fife continues, except those there stay it till they assemble their friends. The Dowager it is thought shall be shortly received into Edinburgh Castle, "for anie travaile that cane be to the contrarie," only with her household servants and gentlewomen. Know for certain that she wrote to many gentlemen and lords to be ready, who purposely absented themselves and would not acknowledge either letters or message, as my lord Morton, on whose door her letters were fixed, as no man would receive them. I understand her party of Scotsmen is not like to be great, and her force by sea is very small. I heard there was a fair ship brought into a little haven at Kenele, and neither money (?) nor ware found in her, and no man knows her owner. The Duke has sent to-day to enquire further, as the town is his. [Glasgow], "at x of the clocke." Signed: T. R.

¾ p. Holograph. Addressed (to Sadleir). Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk): "Mr Randall to Sir James Croftes."

Inclosed in the same:—

(Arran to Randolph.)

Although I have written to my father, yet I would certify you of our good news, that the ships arrived yesterday in the Frith to the number of 9 or 10 as yet, and the "ramanent" follows. John of Forret, Lord James's servant, came to us this morning at 2 o'clock, whom they retained to convoy them; and we are now "derekand" him back to them with our mind. What ye advertised me of, touching their treatment, shall not be forgot. I refer all other things to my father's writing. Cupar, 23d of this instant. Signed: James Hammylton.

1 p. Holograph. Indorsed.

629. Wynter to Norfolk. [Jan. 25.]

On the night of 22d, I arrived at the May, and immediately set on land on Fife side John Farrat, the Scot commended to me by Croft, giving him the letters you sent me for the Earl of Arran and Lord James, and also a bill of things we need, a copy of which I enclose —but hear nothing as yet from them. The 23d being very calm, we "dryvyd" up the Frith with the tide, and half way between the May and Inchkeith, we descried 2 ships, one hoy, &c., hard aboard Fife shore near a village called Dysart, and directing ourselves towards them, 2 Scottish gentlemen boarded us in a small boat from shore, called Robert Kyrkcawde and one Hamilton, who told me the French camp of 3000 men "and od" had been 3 days there, and departed that morning for St Andrews—that the vessels we saw were their men of war and barks laden with victuals and ordnance, &c., and if they got past us to St Andrews, the Congregation would be in great peril; but if we defeated them, the French purposes would be quite overthrown, and their camp in extremity, for the people along the coast fled on seeing them, and left no cattle or victuals to succour them—and their ordnance, powder, shot, tools, &c., &c., for winning St Andrews were in the hoy. Hearing this, I did what a man could do without boats, taking their two vessels of war, whereof the captains were Fyrnando Sayntandero a Spaniard, and James Cullyne gentleman, the hoy with their ordnance and municions, and part of their barks with victuals, and drove the rest aground on Fife side where the Scots destroyed and spoiled them: of which and other matters the bearer will inform your grace. There are not 600 men in Leith at present, and those in Fife cannot get there this 4 or 5 days: and I hear by men from Kinghorn that came aboard to-night, the country gathers courage by our arrival—those neuter are now become partakers, and those who favoured the French desire the Congregation to receive them. So it is thought they shall be fought with before they come to Stirling bridge: and can pass nowhere else, for I will keep the passage between this and Leith, and that at the Queen's ferry, God willing, who hath wrought marvellously in our favour, weighing all things. This opportunity should be taken, for if the French recover Leith, they have great store of victuals. The Scots of the Congregation in Fife may hinder the French from marching in two days as much as otherwise they might in one, but I doubt their overthrowing them, for they have no order. If succours come from France, the wind being S. to S.W., they may land at Eyemouth, which we cannot help, lying here, so your grace must remedy it there; and if you placed a small bark at the Ferne island to watch and warn us of ships bound this way, we could join, being now dispersed keeping the passages. I would be glad to hear of my other ships: if any are riding off Holy island or Coldingham bay, they forget their duty, for the wind has been better for them than it was for me to come. I beg we may have 300 mariners by means of one Geoffry Vaughan at Newcastle, appointed therefor by the Lord Admiral, &c.

Last night Snawdon herald came on board with a trumpet from the Regent, to know if I came as enemy? I said I was sent by the Queen my mistress to conduct divers ships with ordnance, provision, &c., to her fort of Berwick, and there being no sure anchorage there, while they were discharging, I brought her fleet hither, thinking there was peace, and expecting friendly entertainment: but coming into Leith road, the French forts in Inchkeith, Leith, and Burntisland, shot at me many cruel shot of cannon and culvering, and thereon I hearing their great cruelty to the Congregation of Scotland, and the captivity it is like to fall into, determined to give them all the aid I could against the wicked practices of the French, "and that hearoff the Qwenes highnes my mystres was nothing privye."

(fn. 15) As I was writing, we saw the French on Fife side march back towards Stirling, and those in Burntisland (who had 2 brass pieces and some of iron) overcharging them to break them, and then setting a fire all their powder, joined their camp hard by, tarrying for them.

I send your grace herewith letters taken from a man in the French victuallers. Aboard The Lyon in Burntisland road. Signed: W. Wynter.

5 pp. Addressed (To Norfolk or in his absence Croft). Indorsed (26th January).

Inclosed in same:—

(Winter's memoranda.)

(1) A village or town to relieve our sick men for reasonable money. (2) 7 or 8 pilots to carry the ships up the Frith if forced by weather, or to Dundee. (3) 14 fisher boats to fetch our water, land our men, &c. (4) Victuals to be brought to the water side if need be. (5) What to do with 2 barks I stayed—one French and the other a Scot bound from Leith to Dieppe [Dyep]? (6) That some small barks from Dundee, as Andrew Sandes or Wytte, be, set to chase small vessels bound from Leith to France, for we are loath to put our great ships to it.

1 p. Holograph.

630. Norfolk to Cecill. [Jan. 26.]

I enclose copy of a letter I have from Croft. You will see the Humes and Carrs of the Merse and Tevidale have been long sought by the Duke and lords to join them, and favouring the common cause so far as the expulsion of the French, though not in the matter of religion, have sat still as neutrals. But now seeing our fleet in the Frith, and our foot with me towards the frontiers, they seek appointment with us, for which I gave Sir James licence, and you shall hear the result. You see also the courage and comfort of the Protestants by our ships' arrival. Newcastle.

(fn. 16) You see it is bootless to dissemble our intention longer, seeing our ships and Inchkeith have already "bykerd" with shot. "Wherfor good Mr Secretarye, lett not opportunytye by to much closnes, wher yt neds not be forslakt, but a God's name lett that wyche with honor cane not be left, with effycacy be folowyd, the wyche I dowt not shall redowne to the honor off thys realme and commodytye off our frynds." Your great friendship towards me, and gentleness to my servants when they have anything to do for me, makes me bold to utter my "fullyche fantesys." If they seem not meet, think of this as written to my friend. Hoping shortly after my duty done to the Queen, to see you as I go homeward to Kenynghall. Signed: Tho. Norff.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed.

Inclosed in the same:—

(Croft to Norfolk.)

Last Monday Lord Hume sent to me for a meeting: I desired it shortly, and to-day he sent word that Cesford, his friends, and himself will meet me at the Bound road on Wednesday next: after which I shall advertise your grace of their minds. I think they would fain sit quiet, victual our army, and let slip their sons and young gentlemen to attend upon the Duke; but I will press them further. The messenger told me that on Tuesday about 11 o'clock, our ships were betwixt Inchkeith and Fife, and shot was freely spent between them and the island. Fife takes great comfort at our ships, the French are daily skirmished with and short of victual, and would fain cross the water, but have not past 8 small boats. Since the French left Stirling, the Duke came to Lithco, and took up all the boats from Queensferry to Stirling, and if the French seek to cross there, minds to break the bridge before them. These good news being like to be true, I send them. Berwick, 25th January. James Croft.

It is said the Duke will be at Edinburgh to-night, rather from fear of the Dowager's faction than otherwise, for it is not likely he can be so soon ready.

The bishops and priests who counselled the French journey to Fife, are greatly perplexed with the ill success.

1 p. Copy by Railton. Indorsed.

631. Arran to [Randolph]. [1559–60. Jan. 26.]

[Begins abruptly.] Thanks to God all is now well "amongs thes timide peipill," but when ye understand the matter, it has not been without great cumber and hasard that we have stopped their enterprise. We believe their purpose is, having seen the ships, to pass to Leith again this night, for they are taking all boats. We shall annoy them all we may. Written in haste this Friday morning. Signed: James Hammylton.

½ p. Holograph. Part of a letter.

632. Norfolk to Cecill. [Jan. 28.]

I have this day letters from Sir James Croft, with one to him and Sadleir from Arran and Lord James Stewart, and copies of his replies to them and Mr Wynter, all which I enclose, as also copies of what I have written to these lords, Croft and Wynter. I pray you to put your helping hand to these matters, wherein is great likelihood of success, if followed with speed and effect. Newcastle. Signed: Tho. Norff.

¾ p. Written by Sadleir. Addressed. Indorsed.

Inclosed in the same:—

(1) (Croft to Norfolk.)

I send a letter directed to Sir R. Sadleir and me, showing the state of the French. The messenger said the French took our ships for their own, and marched along the coast thinking to fortify St Andrews, but being deceived, retired. The Dowager "made forth" two ships of war to conduct their victuals, and a hoy with 6 pieces of brass, and 2 other small vessels with 10 tons of wine, &c., all which Wynter has taken, and used matters so that he procured them to shoot at his men, whereby he alleges they began the quarrel. For this the Dowager sent a herald to him both on Thursday and yesterday, to know if he came to make war, and he denies as before. I have written to the lords and Wynter, as the "dobles" of their letters show, and though the lords required no men, I offered 500 harquebusiers, but the messenger said that I had no commodity to embark them for their pretended enterprise. He showed me the French have been 3 days without meat, and how the Congregation horsemen destroy all victuals in their way, and have written to the Duke to do the like between Stirling and Edinburgh. This morning I received your grace's letter dated Newcastle yesterday, at 4 p.m. Berwick, 27th January. Signed: Jamys Croft.

2 pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill's secretary): "xxviijth of January," &c.

(2) (Arran and Lord James to Sadleir and Croft.)

We received your "double" writing of 7th and 17th: the French have not abandoned Leith, but continually repair the damaged wall. Your ships arrived here on 23d instant, while the French on their march towards St Andrews had reached "the Ely besydis the Erlis ferry," trusting it had been the Marquis; but seeing they were yours, retreated, and on 24th were all night in Kirkcaldy, on 25th all night in Dunfermline, and this day march towards Stirling. But seeing their extreme hunger these 3 or 4 nights past, travailling them with our horse, and our cutting the bridges before them, we are assured they shall not "wyn" Stirling till this Saturday "evin," the 28th; and God willing, it shall be two days more or they win Leith, if they escape so, but we trust to famish the most part of them. If your army might have, or may yet prevent them, the matter is ended; or if that not possible, make all haste and advertise us for a special day to meet, that the enemy get no leisure to "strentht" himself. We have determined, if God grant good success, and wind and weather serve, "to assailye it" ourselves on Sunday or Monday "nixt cummis" by sea, for we hear surely there are not above 400 men therein at present. Aberdour, 26th January. Signed: James Hammylton, James Stewart.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill).

(3) (Croft to Wynter).

Understanding by letters from Arran and Lord James, how well he prospered against the French, forcing them to begin the quarrel as instructed, can only advise him to proceed as he has begun, but to consider well how he takes in hand their proposed enterprise against Leith, lest he put them in danger, and unfurnish his ships of mariners. Berwick, 27th January.

1 p. Copy in Croft's writing.

(4) (Croft to Arran and Lord James.)

Understands by their letter of 26th and their messenger's report, their good success since the fleet reached the Frith. As for their desire that the army come in to prevent the French, the laird of "Brymston" is directed them by Glasgow, who shall report how soon it will be ready. Trusts their determination to assail Leith is grounded on good consideration. Refers other things to the bearer.

1 p. Copy in Croft's writing. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk): "xxvijth of Januarij 1559. Copie," &c.

(5) (Norfolk to Croft.)

Having received his letter of 27th and enclosures, likes right well the advertisements and his replies. Has written to the lords and Wynter and encloses the letters to be forwarded. Thinking that if the fleet could land 1000 or 1500 men to join the Protestants, the matter might be soon ended in the distressed state of the French, without further charge, prays him to consider it, and either embark them in Berwick vessels, or cause Wynter to send back some of his for the purpose. Newcastle, 28th January.

1 p. Copy in Sadleir's writing. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

633. Norfolk to Wynter. [Jan. 28.]

Commends his proceedings reported by Croft, and thanks him heartily. Thinking it would be to great purpose to land 1000 or 1500 soldiers to assist the Protestants, he has ordered Croft to make ready 500 or 600 of the Berwick forces, and confer with Wynter as to embarking them, with advice of Arran and Lord James. Meantime to be careful of his charge, and give no desperate or doubtful adventure against Leith, as they propose, but delay till it can be done safely. Newcastle.

1 p. Copy by Railton. Indorsed.

634. Norfolk, &c. to the Privy Council. [Jan. 29.]

Reporting Wynter's proceedings [as described by him in his letters] his entering the Frith as a safe harbour while his convoy unloaded at Berwick—his being "sore shott at" by the French at Inchkeith, Burntisland, and Leith, whereon in reprisal he took 2 French men of war, and a great hoy laden with 2 culverins, 12 smaller brass pieces, 12 pipes of powder, a number of spades, mattocks, shovels, &c., for fortification, intended (as they suppose) either at Eyemouth, or elsewhere to annoy Berwick. Newcastle. Signed: Tho. Norff., H. Westmorland, Willm Dacre, Thomas Whartton, R. Sadleir, Francis Leek.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed.

635. Norfolk to Cecill. [Jan. 29.]

I received this day from Croft and Wynter, these inclosed letters, which show you the terms whereon we stand, better than I can declare. I also send you copies of my replies, and if you think they need amendment, on hearing, I shall take order. When the letters arrived, Lords Westmorland, Dacres and Wharton were with me, and I told them by mouth, of Wynter's letter—the French cruel firing on our ships peaceably seeking harbour, but that we had sufficient pledges from them, for Wynter had taken 2 men of war, and a hoy laden with fortifying tools, artillery, &c., all evidently meant for Eyemouth, St Andrews or elsewhere to annoy us. With these and like words weighing the case, they thought good to write this to the Council as their conjecture, with which I was well contented—wishing indeed that the matter should "rather burst oute by littell and lyttell, then to make all here with the sodennes of thinges in a hurlie burlie." Yet you may see by the letters, that all these things were provided to win and fortefy St Andrews, and no other purpose. Thus wishing, that "you there" would no more seek to hide that which is here so manifest, and desiring to hear of your recovery, I bid you farewell. Newcastle, ... "at nyght."

(fn. 17) I had written this with my own hand, but when I could scant read it, I made Mr Raylton copy it. Signed: Tho. Norff.

1 p. Written by Railton. Addressed. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

Inclosed in the same:—

(1) (Croft to Norfolk.)

Sending him letters brought by Wynter's messenger, a note of the latter's credit, and double of his own reply now sent. The credit whereof is to instruct Wynter what to do with his prizes, &c., viz., to offer the lords such things as they shall think meet for their purpose, and send towards Tuesday or Wednesday to Berwick to learn the Duke's pleasure. Begs to know if he shall receive the ships and prisoners to this haven or Holy Island. Berwick, 28 January. Signed: Jamys Croft.

1 p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

(2) (Norfolk to Croft.)

In reply to your letters of the 28th, and inclosures, you have well advised Wynter regarding his offer to the lords our friends. But I think good that you receive no prizes or prisoners at Berwick or Holy Island, but that Wynter keep them, or place them in St Andrews or Dundee, by advice of the lords, till I know farther of the Queen's pleasure. Or he may place the prisoners with the lords, and man the ships, if they can serve his purpose. I have this day letters from Thomas Randall alias Barnaby, directed to you and Sir Rafe Sadleir, whereby it seems the Duke of Chastelherault and his "complices" hope much for the 500 arquebusiers in Fife, so doubt not you will see thereto, as by my former orders. Send the inclosed letter to Wynter. Newcastle, 29 January.

½ p. Copy by Railton. Heading by Sadleir. Indorsed.

636. Norfolk to Wynter. [Jan. 29.]

I have received your letter of 25th sent by Sir James Croft. Your proceedings are worthy great thanks, as the Queen shall be informed. I trust Captain Holstock who left Tynemouth last week with the Swallow, Fawcon, and Jerfawcon, is with you, by whom I sent you instructions as to good watch at night, &c. The bark you left at Yarmouth, is now arrived with the munition vessels at Tynemouth, and repairs to you as wind and weather serve. Keep your prizes, or with the lords' advice bestow them in St Andrews or Dundee. If you can use them, do so, putting the prisoners with our friends, offering the latter whatever they think meet.

I shall furnish you with mariners as I can, but they are not to be had in these parts. Newcastle.

1 p. Copy by a clerk. Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

637. Arran and Lord James to Sadleir and Croft. [Jan. 29.]

As we understood in your last writing you justly considered our present necessity caused by the French, and heartily thank you for the offered liberality, we gladly accepted the same, but postponed till the present bearer Maister Whytlaw might be "lasaryt," (fn. 18) to whom it will please you to deliver the sum you offered us, for it will stand us in great stead, as he will show you, to whom give full credence Aberdour. Signed: James Hammylton, James Stewart.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

638. Knox to Gregorie Railton. [Jan. 29.]

Dominus adjutor opportunus.

Your ships arrived in the Frith 2 days before I got your writing— the very day they were at the May, the French were within 8 miles of this, and thinking they were the army with the Marquess, they approached within 6 miles, but the certainty known, retired as much in one day as they advanced in two. "What war our sobbes, and what was the dolour of my hart, I will not now express"; but you may conjecture how I stood, when so-called friends openly said to my face that the support of England would come when we sufferers had no need of it! "But omitting these dolouris, which we must devor before we triumphe," I beseech you, brother, to put Sir Raufe and Sir James in mind of my former request, viz., that men of judgment and authority be joined with our lords, and that expert, faithful and godly captains be appointed, not only over your own soldiers, but also to correct the disobedience of our "throward" foot. For unless you concur with us continually in wisdom and policy of war, neither your riches nor force greatly advance this cause. For I am judged among ourselves "to extream," and therefore have extracted myself from all public assemblies to my private study; yet can I not cease to signify to you that unless wisdom bridle the foolishness of some, all that favour this great and godly enterprise "will on day murn." If God's mighty hand had not defended "these two young plantes, (fn. 19) thei had both perrished in this sam last daunger; for what hasard took thei when with fewer then two hundreht horsmen (I compt our footmen as sipheris) thei lay without fort or walled toun within thre myles of the ennemy," and the most of that country "unfreindis"! God is highly to be praised in the prudent boldness and painful diligence of the Laird of Grange, who constantly annoyed the enemy, cutting off their victuals by land except when they moved their camp. He has been in great danger, was shot under the left breast, yet God preserved him. All wonder at the patience of the Protestant gentlemen of Fife—for from 1st January when the French left Stirling, till 24th when they retreated, these never came to bed, or slept but in their jacks and armour, assisting Kirkcaldy against the enemy. Others wearied in 2 days. A letter should be written exhorting them to perseverance: the principal are the Master of Lyndsey, the Lairds of Lochleven, Bavard, Londye, Cragyhall, Raymornye, Thomas Scott of Abbotshall and many others, but these took greatest pains and adventured farthest.

The lords here should be advertised that enemies Scotsmen should be treated as enemies, or there will never be obedience. I put in your mouth that which I cannot persuade myself. As things worthy advertisement occur, you shall hear. You remember "brother," my old request for support to some private men, who without it cannot serve. I have before written to Sir James Croft of our foot: my judgment is, they shall never profit us in our need. The sum they consume is great, and their service always to our displeasure, and so shall continue "till such tym as thei be brought till better ordour and obedience." Communicate this as you think expedient. "The grace of the Lord Jesus be multiplied with you." St Andrews. Signed: John Knox.

I have great need of a good horse, and pray you put Mr Wickleaf in mind to haste me one. My mother (fn. 20) writes she has one, but knows not how to get him conveyed.

3 pp. Holograph, closely written. Addressed: "To the wirshipfull and his most assured freind Gregorie Railton. . . att Barwick." Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk). Wafer signet (faint): a vessel on billows. Leg: "Adjuva fluctuantem."

(1) A transcript of above, not very correct.

pp. In a later hand, with pen and ink sketch of the seal.

639. Wynter to Norfolk. [Jan. 31.]

I received by Mr Holstocke your grace's letter of 21st, and instructions. The French in Fife recovered Stirling with great pains, and are looked for in Leith this night.

Being "alland" on Monday at Burntisland, I "spack" with the Earl of Arran and his company, who said, as his force could not "let" the French going to Leith, and a messenger from England "that instant" said our army could not enter before a day to be appointed, he should go to his father to make ready his power, Lord James doing the like at St Andrews, and the other lords, &c., going home to repose themselves and put order against the day.

On 13th February our victuals should end, and I fear will not last till then (I mean the bread and drink). The foul weather has caused leakage and spoiled the bread; I have taken from the poor men their ordinary drink "besydes ther mealles," which pinches them much, to lack victuals, and to be so naked of clothes. I doubt any supply from England (the cruelness of weather is such) and have sent captain William Holstocke of the Swallow to Lord James, with the letter (copy of which is enclosed), to know if we can get 14 days' victuals from Dundee, St Andrews, &c., for money, as I hear from men of credit we shall. I beg your grace to send by captain Southwick the bearer, 700£., without which we cannot have it, for relief from Holy Island cannot be expected, and Fife, from Stirling to within 10 miles of St Andrews, is totally wasted by the French.

As we lack men, it might please your grace to send us 300 hackbutters and captains. Also money for our men, were it but for one month's wages.

The 2 barks of war sent by the Regent to attend the French victuallers, and manned by Frenchmen and Scots, with two captains, one Collen a Scot, the other a Spaniard Fernando, which we took, "hit is so," the lords have freed the Scots on oath not to serve against them, and required me to send the French to Berwick for your orders. I also send the Spanish captain, whom I assure your grace is a man of service, and can inform you of Leith and the French doings, and for some reasonable entertainment, will serve faithfully. Mr Southwick can enlarge more to you. Aboard the Lyon in Leith road. Signed: W. Wynter.

3 pp. Holograph. Addressed (To Norfolk or in his absence to Croft). Indorsed (by Cecill's clerk).

Inclosed in same:—

(Wynter to Lord James.)

Though certain that 2 months' victual is shipped at London for his fleet, yet doubting the weather, he sends captain Holstock to confer with Lord James as to getting 14 days' victual at Dundee, St Johnston, &c., and expects money from Berwick to pay for it: begging his lordship meantime to write letters of credit to these towns for Holstock, promising to see himself that every man shall be paid to the uttermost penny.

1 p. Holograph copy by Wynter.

640. Certificate for James Bassantin. [Jan. 1559–60.]

James Bassantin born in Scotland and brought in France to attaining great knowledge in the mathematical sciences, having been in the writer's house of late, well approved of for honesty and learning, and being desirous to return to his native country, is recommended to the good offices of all his friends or acquaintances. Under his hand and seal. Westminster.

½ p. Contemporary hand.

Footnotes

  • 1. Redd, i.e., cleared up.
  • 2. These words deciphered by Mr Thorpe.
  • 3. Written by Randolph.
  • 4. The year added by Cecill.
  • 5. By Cecill.
  • 6. i.c., provisious.
  • 7. Condé.
  • 8. i.e., one.
  • 9. To same effect.
  • 10. Holograph of Norfolk.
  • 11. Eglinton.
  • 12. In cipher.
  • 13. Troon.
  • 14. i.e., gate.
  • 15. Holograph from this point.
  • 16. Remainder holograph.
  • 17. Holograph from this point.
  • 18. i.e., at leisure.
  • 19. Arran and Lord James.
  • 20. i.e., Mrs Bowes, his wife's mother.