Elizabeth: May 1583

442. Robert Bowes to Walsingham. [May 1.]

I received your last, of the 25th instant, on Sunday last at 10 in the afternoon, and according to the same, the next morning following I acquainted the King at great length of all the contents directed to be signified to him, showing therewith the offers made to her majesty by his mother, with a large discourse as well of his mother's doings in this part, as also of the testimonies of her majesty's especial goodwill and favour to him in that her majesty would first impart the same to him before her highness would resolve in the same; and this matter I prayed him to keep secret, communicating it to none, or to very few, and those of especial trust and secrecy with him.

At the opening of the matter he appeared to think the same something strange to him, saying that men finding themselves defeated and desperate in their intended plots and purposes used commonly to turn and direct their course to such second way as they think may most advance their desires, resorting oftentimes to the medicines that they before most condemned, as he thought his mother had done, and that nothing had moved her more to the same than that she saw matters were like to proceed betwixt her majesty and him, whereon he thought this bone was cast to stick in their teeth; and thereon he prayed to see the articles, which I presented, and by his direction read them to him.

1. Upon the reading of the first article he said it was very general, noting that his mother's meaning therein might, perhaps, intend some limitation of the heirs of her majesty's own body. But upon the opening of the plain words of the same he was soon satisfied.

2. The effect of the second, he said, was not only reasonable, but he would on his own behalf gladly perform [it] as one of duty bound thereto by her majesty's great benefits, amongst which he accounts this her majesty's favour showed to him in this manner not to be the least, and a strong obligation binding him to be thankful.

3. The third he esteemed to be an explanation of the first, and contained in the first and second before, trusting that her majesty would well allow of the condition implied therein.

4. In the fourth he wished that his mother would not only give over to deal or have any intelligence or trust with the persons and sorts named therein, but also that she would in time turn truly to the true religion received and authorised in these realms.

5. To the fifth he said that her majesty so heaped one good turn on another upon him that he could not without open shame behave himself otherwise than to seek and deserve her favour, and that her majesty had such interest in him that for Ireland and all other things she might employ him and his power as her highness should direct.

6. By the sixth he perceived, he said, that his mother had gotten understanding of his resolution and intent to be advised by her majesty, and to bind up the band of amity betwixt her majesty and him, being now likely to be performed with wished effect; whereupon he thought she was now stirred up to seek to be contained in the same for her own benefit, and for such purposes as seemed good for herself.

7. To the seventh he said little other than that the same concurred with her former mind before signified to him.

8. By the eighth he saw, he said, that his mother would bind and join him with her for the preservation of her own titles and claims in all things, but he thought it necessary for him to understand how all things should be fully compounded betwixt her and him before he should be made a party joining with her; and by this manner of joining with his mother he doubts that some prejudice might come to him as well at home as otherwise, finding that she would not only be equal with him in authority and power, but also have the chief place before him, a matter dangerous to his state and title to his crown. Besides, he noted that sundry obstacles might, peradventure, be found in the person of his mother that might annoy him no less than herself in case he should be party with her; for he said his mother was known to embrace papistry, and to have a council resiant and continuing in France, by whom she was, and is, directed, and so nourished in papistry, and entangled with the Pope and Papist confederates that she could not deliver herself from just suspicion, neither could she with honour abandon her friends in France nor refuse their advice; and, as in the person of Queen Mary, he said, it was found and seen to the world that her own mild nature could not suppress the cruelty of her counsellers, but that their counsel and desire prevailed to persecute and torment God's people, to overthrow the whole state and government established by King Edward VI., and to cast down the principal and best members in England with general subversion of religion and policy in all things, so the Protestants and others in England desiring a peaceable government and state may both doubt to find the like effects in the person of his mother, and also be afraid to come under the rule of a woman thus qualified. Which impediments and dangers he thought should not be feared in his own condition and standing, but much rather that there might be an expectation and hope of other good parts reigning in him, and that might promise better contentment and satisfaction to the best sort who should be interested in this behalf.

9. The ninth article he said was liberally offered by his mother, and [it would be] dangerous for him to join with her in the same for the reasons recited; notwithstanding, he said that he intended to do and perform the effects thereof in his own person, and he thought that this matter required good deliberation and advice, concluding that he would take and use the counsel of [ ] (fn. 1) for the confidence he had in their wisdom and secrecy.

10. To the tenth he said little, acknowledging that by this manner of dealing with him her majesty had declared evident signs of her loving kindness and care for his welfare, giving such continual increase of her highness's goodness to him that he knew not where to begin worthily to thank or recompense her majesty, with liberal promises of thankfulness and constancy for the same.

After this I let him know that upon the occasion of the motion of this matter in his mother, and in conference thereof she had discovered to her majesty the agreement of the association accorded betwixt him and her, noting to him one or two particular articles in the same, with pretence that his mother had already disclosed the substance of the rest in more plain manner than himself had done in his answer to the late articles presented to him by Mr. Davison and myself. And after some large discourse herein I ended with a persuasion to move him to requite this present favour showed by her majesty to him with good testimony of his thank[ful] acceptance by his plain manner of dealing with her majesty, who would take the same for the best recompense that he could yield.

Hereupon he told me that the matter of the association began first in his mother, and upon her offer made to confirm his state and title to this crown, and voluntarily to ratify her former assignation made thereof to him, a matter very acceptable to himself, and in that part thought meet to divers of his Council to be embraced. At the first motion she pretended to desire no more than by his means to purchase her liberty and to live in an honourable and quiet sort, seeking to come into Scotland to accomplish and execute her offer, and thereon to pass into, and remain quietly in, France, or otherwise, if her repair [to], and abode in, France could not be obtained, then she agreed to continue in England, so that she might be there in honourable manner and with liberty.

The matter being thus entertained she solicited him oftentimes by her letters pressing forward the matter; and he answered likewise by his letters agreeing in general terms to the effect proponed and demanded, meaning always to show her all the favour and contentment he could, saving that he never meant nor agreed that by the association she should have any "conjoinit" authority, power or interest with him in his government or titles, and to the intent that her full meaning might appear in writing and be certainly known to him, he required her to set down the same particularly in articles. Which she did, and after sent the same framed and drawn to him.

This draft Lennox received, and perusing it, he found it so unreasonable and differing from the King's true meaning, that he both indorsed thereon that it was wholly to be rejected, and also by his letters signified to her that he saw the said draft so far against reason and good meaning that he durst not present it to the King. Nevertheless, he, indeed, showed it to the King, who thereon caused it to be copied and written out by a secret clerk, and to every article he put his answer in the margin. Which copy thus drawn forth with the "postilles" of his particular answer he left with Lennox to be by him returned and sent to his mother; to whom Lennox sent the same, reserving in his own hands the double thereof. Since which time no other draft or instrument was brought to him from her, so that there remains no form, draft or instrument—that has been seen by him—of this association, other than the said draft devised and sent to him by his mother, and the said copy of the said draft with the "postilles" of his own answers put thereto; and the matter being never perfectly complete and finished, passed over and remains in sort and condition as before is declared.

Those writings left with Lennox are, as he thinks, committed by Lennox to the custody of the Laird of Minto or William Stewart, Captain of Dumbarton, and he thinks that little George Douglas and the Provost of Clenclowden have severally the doubles thereof. Therefore he has firmly promised both to write and send to them for the said doubles, and also upon receipt thereof to give and send to her majesty a true copy of the same with all expedition that can be.

In the form and draft of this association devised and sent by his mother many articles, he said, are contained, whereof a great part are of no great importance. Amongst others of weight as he could then call to memory, he recounted these few following:—

First, that he should be a suitor and mean to her majesty for his mother's liberty, and that she might either depart into France or else live in England in honourable sort and at liberty. Whereunto he agreed, by the "postile" in the margin, to employ himself and power, and to do the same with the advice of his nobility and State, without whom he might not well deal in such an action.

Next, that he should not contract any league with any foreign Prince without her privity and consent. To which he answered that the leagues and amities with France and England stood in force, and that he had not hitherto greatly dealt in any such thing, neither would hereafter enter into any contract or league with any foreign Prince without the advice and consent of his nobility and States, who had interest therein with him, and whereof she should have knowledge before any conclusion.

That he should not marry without the advice of her majesty and herself, for, he said, that he included her majesty in this article on purpose to win her majesty's favour by the same. And further, touching his marriage, he granted that she dissuaded him to marry with Navarre, because her brother is but a subject to the French King, notwithstanding that he has the title of a King. Likewise she said of the Duke of Lorraine's daughter.

In this she advised him to marry either with the daughters of the Kings of Spain or Denmark, commending Spain chiefly to him as a thing most pleasant to herself, because the King of Spain's daughter was like to prove a Catholic, which religion she chiefly embraced. Yet she agreed that the King of Denmark's daughter should be meet for him and well content his subjects, because she might be a Protestant and least suspected to England.

He said further that it was always accorded betwixt them that she should ever travail with her majesty to persuade him to marry the King of Denmark's daughter, who, he says, is little above eight years of age, and for whom it shall be very long for him to tarry.

Besides, he remembered that in the said draft she desired that he should not call a Parliament nor forfeit thereby any person, nor reduce any forfeiture or attainder without her privity and consent.

That the earls and lords made by him, viz., Lennox, Murray, Morton, and Gowrie, and such others should be assured to retain to them and their heirs their honours, titles, and possessions without incumbrance or reduction.

There were, besides, divers other articles, as in the draft will appear, and which he could not presently call to remembrance.

Because upon the debate and consideration of the substance of the offers made to her majesty by his mother he found the weight thereof to be so great that he could not with safety resolve thereon and give answer to her majesty without the advice of such as might assist him, and would keep it secret, according to her majesty's pleasure, therefore he made choice of [ ] (fn. 2), promising to send them to me to be further instructed in this matter, and soon after, upon conference with them, to give perfect answer. With which resolution and promise—after some interruption made to us by the French ambassador—I departed for that time.

In the afternoon he sent the said two gentlemen to me, requiring me to communicate with them the offers of his mother, before showed to himself. Which I did, according to his desire, taking order with them to have his indelate answer, which I looked verily to have received that night. But he was so busily occupied all that evening with the French ambassador—who then took his leave of him—that the said gentlemen, finding no time to speak with him, departed to their lodgings. In the morning the one wrote to me, and I answered him, as by the view of our letters inclosed will appear to you. After[wards] the[y] came severally to me, promising to hasten the King's resolution and answer all that they might. Nevertheless, I could not receive the same before this day, causing me to defer these thus long.

At length he resolved, and this day signified to me by his own mouth, that forasmuch as he sees by his mother's offers that she seeks to have equality and joint interest with him in these weighty matters, and prefers herself before him in the same, with such prejudice and danger to him and his estate, that he cannot agree to join with her therein before he shall both understand the bottom and particularities of her true meaning in these offers, and to be performed on his behalf, and also be satisfied by the advice of his Council that his agreement to the said offers in form as they stand shall not hurt nor prejudice him, his estate, or subjects, and that in the accomplishment of her majesty's request to keep these matters secret, he cannot as yet communicate the same to his Council or State to have their counsel and consent for his best resolution to be determined in the same. Therefore he heartily prays her majesty— as his most especial friend, and whose advice herein he will chiefly seek and follow—to do him the favour to search out and understand his mother's true meaning and intention in these offers made by her, and touching his person, or act to be done by him.

Next, that it may please her majesty to give him her good advice herein, which he says he will gladly receive and put in execution.

And lastly, to advertise him whether he may with her good liking and pleasure communicate this matter to his nobility and Council, or to such number thereof as to her majesty shall be seen to be most convenient. Upon which favour, advice, and advertisement to be given by her majesty to him in the behalf mentioned, he now attends, commending to my report the contents before specified. Edinburgh. Signed: Robert Bowes.

5¼ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

443. Robert Bowes to Walsingham. [May 1.]

On Monday (fn. 3) last Maineville took his leave of the King, and after very long and earnest conference with him departed that night to Leith, embarking there in James Gourley's ship. Yesterday, very timely in the morning, the ship launched forth into the seas, and by contrary wind was driven back again to Burntisland, where he is come on land, remaining there and attending the wind; but the ship is fallen down to the Maye, and far from him. Nevertheless, it is verily looked that he shall pass forwards to deep with the next wind; and it is very like that he will do so, for he has his freight of letters, and resolution of the plot for the time and manner of the return of Lennox, who is advised to forbear to bring forces with him—notwithstanding that it is looked here that he has 1200 footmen at his commandment—and to send another ambassador with money, and who may have the custody and defray the same for the benefit of the common cause. Wherein, touching the keeping of the money by Lennox or by any of Scotland, these confederates could not agree.

It is verily looked that Lennox shall be in Scotland before August next, and it is very commonly reported that labour shall be made to make his way with her majesty. Which coming to the ears of the lords and others entered into this action has moved them to send some to confer thereon with him, whom he has satisfied to their good contentment.

On the bruit of the King's passage to Linlithgow a great fear has entered into many, who think some enterprise shall be attempted within these ten days for the change of this Court; wherein he has taken occasion to forewarn. and break the same to the King, who has firmly promised to prevent it by all good means in his power. Of this, and of Maineville's further abode or departure, he shall be speedily advertised. Edinburgh. Signed: Robert Bowes.

¾ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

444. William Fouler to Walsingham. [May 1.]

Mr. Fouler has received letters from Berwick, dated the 27th ult., whereby he understands that Colonel Stewart has arrived there to take his journey to London. The names of those who accompany him are Mr. John Colvile, in commission, Mr. George Young, Roger Aston, Thomas Murray, William Keith, Mr. Samuel Cockburn, Mr. David Lyndsay, minister of Leith, Mr. David Macgill, yr., and sundry others to the number of eighteen persons in all. It is supposed that they shall be here on Saturday next. Doubts not but that he has directed the letter which was inclosed in his last to the ambassador on the way. London. Signed: W. Fouler.

½ p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

445. Piracies committed by Englishmen. [May.]

"Piracies committed by English men upon divers subjectes of Scotland and the redresse thereof recommended by the Scottish ambassadours."

July, 1582. Agnes Cowty. Spoiled by Captain Clynton, Hancocke, Purser, and Newman, of Poole. The loss, 1000 deal boards, 40 masts for ships, 6 cast pieces and 16 small pieces of ordnance.

30th Nov., 1582. David Hoppinghill, Henry Williamson, Alexander Jameson. Spoiled by Captains Vachen, Cultish, and Gowyer near St. Helen's Point. The loss amounting to 505 marks sterling. William Watson, master of the ship, slain in the fight, and David Hoppinghill, one of the merchants, hurt in four places.

December, 1582. James Einter. Spoiled by Captain Purser near Portland. The loss 100 marks sterling.

March, 1582–3. James Arnold, George Bruce, Patrick Wilson. Spoiled by Captain Chaleis near Lowestoft. The loss 440l. sterling.

2nd May, 1583. A ship called the Peter, of Dundee. Spoiled by Captain Clynton and Vachen. The loss—the ship itself with her whole lading of salt.

²/3 p. Indorsed: "Depridation comitted by English pyrats against the subjectes of Scotland."

446. William Fouler to Walsingham. [May 2.]

Has conferred with the party [Mr. Archibald Douglas] to-day, who tells him that Walsingham said to him that he would be delivered, and, he thinks, as interchange for the Jesuit. He is driven into divers cogitations, and believes that his honour uses these speeches to him more to terrify him than that the Queen of England means so indeed. For he said, "iff I be delyverid they may do me much displeaseur, but yet proffit them selfs very litill therbie. It shal cause many of Scotland to think evil of theme, and they shal have but a smal factioun in Scotland heirefter, for nothing almost avaled more to the increase and contenance of their faction in our realme than the houp which we conceaved of our weil recept and entertainment in England when yat we wer put at or pursewed in Scotland. And seing no man heth done greter service, or was judged to have done greter then I my self, yet now being delyvered, this shal cause them to be more circumspect and coalder in England's coursse, for they shal judge the lyke to fall to theme as happned to me."

He has prayed him to go to the ambassador to understand of these letters which should be had in his favour.

If he would know of the affection and fondness of the principals who are to repair thither, requests him to instruct him, after which manner he will do diligence to satisfy his command.

There is one Mr. David Lindsay, whom he supposes is he who is minister of Leith, a man learned, of good life, and godly, concerning whose coming he marvels much. London.Signed: W. Fouler.

1 p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed by Walsingham.

447. Robert Bowes to Walsingham. [May 3.]

Maineville, finding the wind favourable, departed yesterday, and is certainly gone.

Upon the landing of John Chesham and Richard Abercrommy, two notorious instruments for him, and who were on board with him, it was given out, and generally believed here, that he was landed again, but has found the contrary. Edinburgh. Signed: Robert Bowes.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

448. Adam Fullertoun to Walsingham. [May 4.]

I crave your honour's pardon for my great negligence in not writing to your honour according to my duty, but the greatest stay thereof was because some governed then whose proceedings I could not think good, by reason it tended not to the glory of God nor to the comfort of the whole isle, and in special to those who profess the Lord Jesus; whose government has been extremely used against me, and that for the true and faithful service done to my sovereign, as also to have kept quietness with our nearest and faithful friends of our isle. But because they could not have just causes to lay to my charge, but false calumnies to bring me into hatred, if they could, both with King and subject, they alleged that I have sold their cause which I had in hand touching the spoils done to the merchants of this realm, and that her majesty would have recompensed me if I would have done my duty therein, as also that I "caussit put" to liberty all those who were in prison, and received good "deid" from them therefor, extending to great sums of money.

The Lord my God knows my honest dealing in all my proceedings. I am no better rewarded than those who have travailed for communities, but I have comfort of my God, and a testimony of good conscience, not doubting your honour's testimony of the same, and all others' who know my proceedings in that country. I never received "bood" nor reward, as the Lord lives, save only the sum of 100l. sterling, and that for the space of six years, from the whole merchants of Scotland, and that in payment of the whole charges made in England and Scotland, and whatever was received either of wares or money they received the same upon account, extending to the sum of 1600l. sterling, according to the bill of receipts subscribed by the Council's hands, for which labours [I] never received thanks.

And now, my very good lord, seeing that my sovereign has sent his ambassador to her majesty for certain causes concerning the estate of both the realms, "nocht doutand to instreit twyching the matteir I had in hand." And now a certain number of the merchants of this town "allanerlie" to the number of six persons, who have been Aubigny's [Obonizis] men, and of his faction, have obtained some privy writing of the King's, directed "with" John Achesoun, who has been of that France faction, and one of theirs, who has been one of my troublers, although he has oft and divers times seen my careful pains taken for him, as your honour can testify, "and gat him agane of his gooddis, quhat in cloith and money" from Christopher Andrews the sum of 150l. sterling, so unthankful has he been both to your honour and to me, therefore let no trust be given to him.

As for any of the "hoile merchandis that ys damnefeit hes never consentit bot of this fyve allanerlie, hes I am lattin to understand." Which five have lost but small sums of money in respect of the "hole rest." The remaining merchants would have me to take the cause in hand, but I will not, except the King and Council will command me, "as all sua to have intellegence of her majestie and consaill good will quhat shalbe lukit for in kais I interpryse ye mater"; for if I shall do it, it shall be for the entertaining of the quietness betwixt the two realms, which many of our merchants would stay, although it would "cum" to their own damage.

Your honour knows the whole process is laid on my head, and others know nothing therein, "and that zour honour may dryf sum tyme to ye said Achesoune, and that because it man cum in afoir ye juge of ye Admerallate to peruse ye probationnis"; for I believe the King and Council will take some other order in the said matter, with my advice, "quhairthrow," that the whole spoils done since may be all knit up together "quhair" the like misorder shall not be done in time coming, to the quietness of both the realms. Edinburgh. Signed: Adam Fullertoun.

1²/3 pp. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

449. [William Fouler] to Walsingham. [May 4.]

Has spoken to the French ambassador, who has imparted to him all that Mr. Beale has delivered to him in conference. Is desired by the French ambassador to present his commendations to Colonel Stewart, with whom he is very desirous to confer, for that he was requested by the Queen [of Scots] and Duke of Lennox—the Queen saying that she knew him to be of that name of which she was the head, and also at his being in England long since sustained her part through reasoning and disputes against the Countess of Lennox. The Duke of Lennox said that he knew he was inclined to those of his name, and sought most earnestly the "accroissment" thereof. Does not write this to call the ambassador's credit into question, or his soundness—in doubt of which her majesty and he [Walsingham] have had sufficient proof and testimony—but manifests his [Fouler's] upright dealing towards him. "For albeit the uther peradventeur houp to find him favourable, this houp and content doeth not mak the uther to be so mynded." Believes he shall confer with him touching that proposition of the Queen's liberty, if it stand with the assent of her son. For he says that the Queen of England, upon that condition, is well minded towards the Queen of Scots. The Queen of Scots will pardon all the noblemen, and put in oblivion all things done against her.

Will not deliver his message till he receives Walsingham's commandment. The French ambassador expects his answer and return. The ambassador [Stewart] himself, after words of courtesy, asked him if he was in service with the French ambassador or if he depended upon him. Marvels for what cause he used these words. The minister who is here used almost the like. Fears some evil opinion is conceived of him at home by those who are not acquainted with his proceedings. Signed with a symbol.

1 p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

450. [William Fouler] to Walsingham. [May 6.]

Received his honour's letters, and performed his message. The Colonel's [Stewart] answer is this in form. He [the French ambassador] knows that he [Stewart] is a stranger, and is directed only for his master's affairs to the Queen of England; so that he cannot confer [with] or visit any before he has delivered his message; and as he sees the success and effect thereof he will satisfy his request, so that none be discontented herewith; and especially for that he is the King of France's ambassador, and also for that he is brother to that honourable man the monsieur premier who professed great courtesy to him in the Low Countries.

The French ambassador answered that he did not desire to speak with him before he had expounded his commission, and seeing he was acquainted with his brother he was the more earnest to be acqainted with him. He would also send his servants to salute him on his part, and also, after presence obtained, he would invite him and Mr. Colvile together with all his company, and the minister also, to the banquet.

Has sounded the Colonel's mind, whom he finds so forward and bent in his [Walsingham's] course that it is not possible for any gentleman to be more. He loves the Queen of England most "affectually"; he is affected to his honour's [course] lovingly; he means upright, and prefers this cause and course above all others. He is a gentleman whom he knows to deal sincerely, truly, and faithfully. God grant that his good offices may be met, as he doubts not, with like favour.

Finds Mr. Colvile to hate the French course altogether. He defies their force, "so that they culd save theme selfs from their treasoun." He continues in love and fidelity toward the Queen of England.

Mr. Douglas, upon secrecy, has imparted to him his intention. He will suffer the Queen of England to do all that pleases her and his honour, and behold all their course at leisure, and thereafter seek for his liberty, to the end his cause may be tried, and he will find her majesty some lords, cautioners for his compearance again in England after his acquittal. Mauvissiere has money to send to Maineville, which he thinks is for his charges. Will underlie the sinistrous opinion of some for a space to do service to her majesty and him. Signed with a symbol.

1 p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

451. Mr. John Colvile to Walsingham. [May.]

"Pleis your honor," I am desired by my lord ambassador, my colleague, to advertise your honour how that his guards at home, in Scotland, are "habill" to dissolve in his absence if some provision be not provided for furnishing them. Therefore he has willed me desire your honour to write to Mr. Bowes that some money may be advanced to them till his return. "Indeid the lyif of our causse consistis in thame," and therefore I cannot but recommend this matter to your lordship's good discretion. Such answer as [it] pleases your honour to send in this purpose I must show to him, therefore, please your honour, make it the more favourable.

Your honour will find great honesty and truth with Mr. David Lyndsay, this bearer; but he has no credit from me.

I have committed to Mr. Hudsone some other matters which I could not find opportunity to open to your honour yesternight, wherein, please your honour, credit him as myself. Signed:Jo. Colvile.

Postscript.—Concerning his majesty's marriage I would open something to your honour which I can reveal to no other, and would gladly have opportunity to speak with your honour thereupon. All other matters I have committed to James Huidsone.

1 p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig. C. VII., fol. 224.

Copy of the same.

452. [William Fouler] to Walsingham. [May 7.]

Delivered his [Fouler's] message. "He" writes shortly to the Queen of Scots. Likewise received his opinion. He wills him to embrace the proffer of pension [rather] than to lean to the other. And whereas it can little avail him to precipitate himself into danger, through his obstinacy, for that he supposes the Queen of England will come to appointment with the Scottish Queen, then he may be a meet and a good instrument for the "continance" of their friendship. If the Queen of England will not agree, but detain her as captive, and as he says—"send rather Maister Belle to answer her importunitie more than to satesfie hir requeist." In plain words he says that the world will not last long, which he draws to his particular. The King of France will seek her liberty. If he cannot speed [it] by prayer, he will use force.

The "monsieur" is now at appointment, and within short time he [Walsingham] shall see strange things. Walsingham may "glosse upon this and gess the rest."

Went to Mr. Archibald [Douglas] in the morning and showed him Mauvissiere's opinion, which he does not allow altogether. He will stay unresolved till Mr. Beale's return; but he would "be rather all the second," yet [he is] not fully resolved upon that, Finds him very passionate, and more now than when he spoke to him first. He said that Walsingham showed him a parcel of Mr. Bowes' letter, wherein he said it was dangerous for him to come home. At which he marvelled, for he supposed those were his friends who were in credit and in Court. Showed him the contrary, and that he had heard tell that the Earl of Angus was displeased with him.

For this cause he is to propone to Walsingham that the Queen of England and he should examine all his letters together, and that he might be brought to confer with these persons with whom he has dealt, namely, the Queen of Scots and the French ambassador, before any of those whom her majesty would depute for that effect, that by their verdicts and depositions, together with his letters, the truth may be known, and thereafter his friends satisfied, who are carried away by sinister informations. He has many to propound, which he refers to his honour's conference with him. He has required him often and earnestly to pray the French ambassador to be secret in that which he [Fouler] wrote to his honour, as he loves and tenders his life and Walsingham's welfare—and this he spoke with vehemence of speech. Wherefore he gathers that he forethinks himself of the last day's words. Nevertheless, he willed him to show her [the Queen of Scots] that he will resolve upon nothing without his foreknowledge and advice. It may be that he [Fouler] is better acquainted with the Scottish Queen's affairs than he was before; with which his honour shall be acquainted. Signed in cipher.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed.

453. Robert Bowes to Walsingham. [May 8.]

Has at length gathered such heads and articles as before he called for. They are af greater weight than his skill can sufficiently set forth as they ought to be. Has drawn them as well as he could, and sends them inclosed, wishing that there may be cause given to use them, whereof he remains in great fear.

By the success of the purpose intended to be attempted at the next convention for the Lord James Hamilton and the King's progress, such good effects may haply follow as shall unite and join together all the nobility of estimation in Scotland, whereby this State may be rid of troubles and established in quietness. But fearing greatly that in these few days before the assembly of these noblemen the discovery of the matter to the King shall defeat the execution of the device, dares not put him in any comfort of the surety of the effects wished, which he leaves to further experience of the sequel of the matter, and to the good handling of those who have it in hand. He may boldly acquaint Mr. Colvile herewith, but no other of the Scottish nation until he shall hear again from him.

The lords have a great desire to bring home the Hamiltons, on condition that the same might be done with the King's favour, honour, and safety, wherein great difficulty will be found; and they wish that it may be done by the Queen of England's mediation, to be offered to the King partly by advice and partly by request, to disburden herself of the promise made to the houses of Hamilton and Huntly to be allowed the benefit of the pacification.

Because they find it dangerous to deal herein with the King, and that Colonel Stewart is thought to be an adversary to it, therefore they pray that her majesty would in time commend the matter to the King, and travail to win Colonel Stewart during his abode in England; wherein also he may well confer with Mr. Colvile, who can sufficiently instruct him in all the particularities thereof, and to whom he commits the same.

Incloses a letter to Robert Cunningham from the Countess of Cassillis, wife of Lord John Hamilton.

Patrick Tompson alias Philip Baynbrigge is passed to France in company of Maineville with sundry letters to the Duke of Lennox, the Master of Livingston, and divers others. He looks to be returned to Scotland again with especial direction, and haply he will visit him by the way. Prays him to entertain him with favour and thanks. During his abode in France he will advertise him [Bowes] of the commands there, therefore he beseeches him to entreat Sir Henry Cobham that if any Scottish man called Philip Baynbrigge shall desire to have conference with any of his servants he will thereupon appoint some honest and trusty person to resort to him, and to receive at his hands and convey to Mr. Francis Mills such letters as he will address to him, which he [Walsingham] may open and use as he shall see cause.

The King and all Scotland attend to see how the Queen of England will now deal with him. The French and the Papists look utterly that he shall receive a dilatory answer, persuading him thereon to provide otherwise for his own standing and welfare. Their mouths are already opened. Knows well upon what cause. The well affected must be comforted and sustained by the Queen of England's kind dealing with the King, otherwise they shall be utterly cast down. The King and Scotland are now to be won or lost. Needs not to persuade her majesty's timely resolution in this part; for the King's own necessity and the condition of time and present causes will constrain the King and this realm to resolve speedily to provide for themselves without further trust to England. To which effect he still fears that these matters shall in the end fall, and therefore beseeches him to deliver him seasonably, and before he receives further shame in this service or blame of those who have trusted him, and whose heads he shall leave in the halter. Edinburgh. Signed: Robert Bowes.

2½ pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

454. [William Fouler] to Walsingham. [May 8.]

These be to show your honour that I have conferred with a Scottish man named Carr [Kar] who has come forth of France to London, and is in mind to return thither again shortly. What has moved him or with whom he has come I do not know as yet. Your honour shall understand hereafter of such things as I suppose shall not be unnecessary if your honour was acquainted with them. For the present these be to show your honour that the Duke of Lennox is "weil convalesced," and has removed from the place of his abode in Paris to the frontiers of St. Martin for air's sake. The Duke of Guise has conferred with him and visited him, notwithstanding the other prayed him to stay till he was of better health, and then he would come to see him. His wife is off with the King and Queen mother, and the King has given to him 20,000 francs, and [he] shall receive other 20,000 within short time. He has broken up his house which he kept in Paris. The Master of Livingston is departed from him, and is "in deip" to go to Scotland with other gentlemen.

Captain Geddes has gone together with Walter Keir in the Duke's ship from Nantes to the west parts of Scotland. What be his course, I do not well know. Your honour shall be informed hereafter. I hear say that Smollet is in town, which imports some matter. If he be, I am ready that way to do your honour all service so far forth as my means may avail. London. Signed in cipher.

1 p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

455. Robert Bowes to Walsingham. [May 8.] Cott. Calig. C. VII., fol. 222.

At the departure of Maineville he left the Laird of Downe— Abbot of St. Colme and a ready minister for the French—to solicit his causes in Court and elsewhere, praying the King to retain and keep Downe with him for two or three months; who, nevertheless, upon late accidents, is now ready to retire home.

Downe has assayed and occupied the King's majesty with many busy offices. Among others he travailed to withdraw the King in his progress from Dalkeith, and to carry him to Linlithgow.

Whereas it was intended—as the lords with the King and myself have been credibly informed—to have brought Arran into the King's company, and thereon to have dismissed sundry of the lords presently with the King, and to have called and continued others about his person, to the good contentment of Arran, and for the preparation of the return of Lennox, which is looked for this summer, if his health serves him, wherein, perhaps, he may find greater impediments than have been yet seen to him.

These lords with the King, and many others, have been much troubled with the danger of this practice, and also careful for provision of the remedy, conferring with me in the same. Whereupon I have broken the matter of the practice to the King, and thereon stayed the progress, with resolution to call to him the Earls of Argyll, Marishal, Eglinton, Rothes, and Montrose to be here the 15th instant, and to advise and resolve for the time and jests of his progress. In my travail with the King herein he declared himself resolutely determined to continue in that course begun with the lords with him, adding and calling to him such others for his honour and safety, and for their ease, as they should fin[d] convenient, and always to follow his majesty's advice in this and all other his weighty affairs, protesting with all the words that can be given to be ever found constant, and faithfully to perform all his promises made to her majesty. With which earnest declaration and his other resolution before signified I have well satisfied those lords, who think this danger to be sufficiently prevented, and trust to requite the devisers thereof with meet reward.

Forasmuch as it is well perceived that this plot laboured by Downe was chiefly devised by Arran, who is now discovered to have been the especial instrument and author of the discords risen in Gowrie against Dunfermline, Blantyre, and others—all whom are now fully reconciled—and that his busy offices and nature do so encumber the State that all good men are grown weary of him, therefore it is found necessary to pull his feathers to the intent good men may be quit of his troubles. And for this purpose it is thought convenient that the friends of James Hamilton, Earl of Arran, shall present to the King and the lords convened their supplication signifying the miserable estate of their chief, and the intolerable cruelty and injury used against him and his possessions by James Stewart, called Earl of Arran, tutor assigned to the said Hamilton, praying immediate redress in the same according to the ordinary course of the laws of this realm.

The like supplication in some other form was lately delivered to the Assembly of the Church, dissolved last week. Whereupon the Assembly, by their commissioners, made petition to the King in favour of Hamilton, and was answered by the King that the surmise of evil usage alleged in Arran towards Hamilton ought to be first proved, and thereon remedy should be given. Albeit it was purposed that this proof should have been long delayed for the benefit of Arran, yet it is now like to be tried at the convention of these noblemen; and the ministers, moved with the compassion of Hamilton's estate and the request of his friends, are forward to advance the matter for Hamilton as much as they can.

The five earls before named greatly favour the house of Hamilton, agreeing thereby to join with these lords at Court for relief of Hamilton, Earl of Arran, wherein all the lords will travail with the King to do him justice; and by the same it is like to fall out that Arran's power shall be so abated that he shall have little force afterwards to disquiet this State in sort as he doth. Next, it shall unite and join all these lords in this particular action with such friendship and familiarity that there is very good hope that they shall likewise be joined in the common cause, and thereby the practice of the French, Lennox or Arran shall be of less power and danger, and the State settled in good quietness.

It is evident that the King will be loth to suffer Arran to be thus taken down, or to see a way so largely opened to the Hamiltons, whom, for many causes, he cannot yet brook. It is, therefore, doubtful what the success shall be. Doubts that the discovery of the matter—being already known to more than he wished—shall adventure to defeat the purpose. Requests him to keep this matter secret. If this purpose takes effect, then the way is largely opened to the Hamiltons, and chiefly to Lord John, who will find all these lords entering into this cause ready to draw him home with the King's favour, and thereon to be fast friends to him in his trial and other his affairs. It appears well that the said lords shall little esteem of Lennox in case they can bring Arbroath into the King's favour, and to the possessions of the Hamiltons. Albeit these lords are willing to bring home the Hamiltons, yet they differ in the means of the execution, for Rothes and Lennox's friends persuade that the French King and Lennox should do it. But the others would have it done by the Queen of England.

The Earls of Angus, Mar, and Gowrie, the Master of Glamis, and others presently with the King have earnestly prayed him to recommend to the Queen of England their humble petition, requiring her to show her favour and bounty to the King in the parts of the negotiation committed to Colonel Stewart and Mr. Colvile, to the intent that both the sovereigns and realms may receive the wished effects for the common welfare of them all, and that the King may find that they have counselled him for his profit, and understand the abuses and crafts of others, who have not spared to persuade him to dangerous courses, and that her majesty's mind towards him should be otherwise than her great benefits plainly approve.

The King is well pleased that Holte "the Semynanist," shall be examined and endure the torture. He has also given order that Alexander Seton, a younger son of Lord Seton and Prior of Pluscarden, shall be apprehended, examined, and confronted with Holt. But they have been so schooled, and had so long warning to provide their answers, that he looks for no great fruit to come of their confessions. Maineville laboured earnestly with the King, at taking of his leave, to have had Holte delivered to him, or at least the King's promise for his safety. But the King asking him whether he made that promise to himself or no, he answered "no." And afterwards, when he saw the King desirous to understand who had persuaded him to think that he had so promised, and that the King meant to charge the author with his error therein, then he left the matter to the King's own pleasure. Wherein the King said that he had made promise only to the Queen of England, which he would keep. At this time also Maineville moved the King for renewing the ancient league with France. The King told him that he looked that the King, his master, and himself would advise him to be careful to contract a good league with the Queen of England, to whom he had already sent his ambassador, and who was the Prince in the world who had done, and still might do, greatest profits to him. Therefore he would attend the success of his said ambassador, and afterwards he would satisfy the French King with such reason as ought to content him.

By the sight of several letters lately sent out of Scotland to France, to Lennox, the Master of Livingston, and other persons, has found that his especial instruments—as Downe, Lindores, Kilsyth, Abercrombie, Chisholm, and such like—have much to do to keep the goodwill of the great lords to be so fast towards him as that they will give him any hope or assurance of their assistance unless the King's favour shall be always continued towards him. Some persuade him to come and bring money with him, telling him that the King's affection is nothing abated towards him, and that by the King's [of Scots] favour, the assistance of the nobility, and forces to be levied here with money, he shall prosper, and do all things at his own pleasure. But many of the noblemen professing goodwill towards him appear to be resolved to follow the King's direction, and will not in anywise oppone themselves against the King's face or such course as he shall take. Nevertheless, Maineville is thought to carry better comfort to Lennox. Requests leave to attend his own poor causes for such while as shall please her majesty, to the intent that he may husband his things, which perish by his absence.

The King has called on Clenclowden for the writings supposed to have been in his hands, but he denies to show any of them. The messengers sent to George Douglas and William Stewart for the said writings are not yet returned. The King is in good hope to get them into his hands, and thereon a copy shall be shortly after sent to him. Edinburgh. Signed: Robert Bowes.

3½ pp. No flyleaf or address.

456. Colonel William Stewart and John Colvile to Walsingham. [May 9.]

According to our late conference at Somerset House, we have here set down the "speciall heidis" which we have in commission, Praying your honour very heartily to further us to a favourable and speedy answer thereto, according to his majesty's good expectation. London. Signed: William Stewart; Jo. Colvile.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

457. William Fouler to Walsingham. [May 9.]

There came one to my lodging and gave me to understand that there was a gentleman who was very earnest to speak with me. I asked his name. The other answered that he could not show me it; but if I would go with him I should know hereafter. I went, and found that it was the Duke of Lennox's servant, John Smallet, with whose coming I think your honour to be acquainted. I have entered into conference with him, but not ended as yet, so that I stay for a further resolution and some special articles to advertise your honour thereof. He in no ways mistrusts me, and I believe that if your honour could direct me in these things, your honour would know [how] to use the matter after such sort that your honour should be well satisfied. London. Signed: W. Fouler.

½ p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

458. [Walsingham] to Mr. Robert Bowes. [May 9.]

The Scottish ambassadors arrived here on Friday last, (fn. 4) and had audience the Monday following—which should have been sooner had not it been for the coming of a nobleman from Poland to see the Queen of England, to whom he was promised to have speedy access, before the arrival of the said ambassadors—and for such particularities as they could not deliver to her at their first audience. Lord Hunsdon and he were appointed to have conference with them, which was accordingly performed the Tuesday following at Somerset House. They were suitors that he would direct him [Bowes] to lay out 300l. more for the payment of the guards, alleging that without some such supply the same must of necessity be discharged, whereby much inconvenience was likely to follow. Her majesty, not without some difficulty, agreed that he should, as of himself, lend them such a sum upon his own credit, which he requests him to "stretche what you may" for the performance thereof, weighing the necessity of the cause, and how much it concerns the Queen of England's service that the guard should not be yet discharged. If her majesty happens to leave the burden on him, he [Walsingham] will not fail to see him discharged of the same himself.

On Saturday next the ambassadors are appointed to have audience again, so that he thinks by Wednesday or Thursday following they shall receive their despatch; but what kind of despatch it will be, he does not yet know.

This day her majesty has appointed to take some resolution in these causes: what the same may be he shall understand hereafter. Greenwich.

²/3 p. Copy. Indorsed: "9 May, 1583. M[inute] to Mr. Bowes."

Another copy of the same.

Cott. Calig. C. VII., fol. 224 b.

Another copy of the same.

459. John Colvile to Walsingham. [May.]

Seeing this good work betwixt our sovereigns is now to be intreated upon, and that the good success of the matter depends upon the message which we have in hand, I thought it necessary to let your lordship foreknow the effect of our legation, to the end I may have your opinion how to behave myself. For this cause I delivered to Robert Bowes, her majesty's ambassador, the copy of such heads as were in our instructions, to be sent to your lordship, and if you have not received them I shall send your lordship another copy, to be reserved only to yourself. Indeed, it is also the King my sovereign's mind that my Lord of Leicester's opinion and your lordship's should be specially used in all things that we have to propound to her majesty, which for my part I shall faithfully keep.

Next, your lordship has to consider how La Mothe and Maineville with sundry their favourers in Scotland have sought to persuade his majesty to take another course, and have made him many fair overtures for that effect. Yet the good number, whom your lordship knows are sincere favourers of this estate, have so far prevailed, that now his majesty is content by their persuasion to render himself as it were to her majesty. If this be well accepted—as I doubt not it shall—then shall all our enemies in Scotland be ashamed again to speak one word of the French or Spanish course. But if it fall out otherwise, then are all your friends in Scotland discredited for ever.

What is the noblemen's meaning in this point who have joined in this cause, I shall inform your lordship of on meeting, like as also some of them have written to your honour, as your lordship shall then see.

There is also another purpose which I cannot write, which [it] is necessary your lordship [should] know before the going to Court. If it might be your lordship's pleasure I would quietly speak with your lordship this night for that effect, otherwise it must be continued till meeting.

I pray the eternal God bless this work, that no evil instruments be able [to] impede the same. The sooner your lordship might "purchase" presence for us it should be most acceptable.

1 p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed by Walsingham.

460. William Fouler to Walsingham. [May 11.]

Thinks it necessary only to communicate to him such matter as he understands by conference with John Smallat is not delivered to him by "the other." To wit, that if the Queen of England does not regard that which is proponed by him, and his travail which he has with her and his honour takes no effect, the Duke [of Lennox] has then given sufficient proof of his good meaning, and minds resolutely and shortly to go to Scotland, and to sit down in his castles and towers which are in Lennox, not directly minding to go to the King, but as subject to return to his country, from which he was not banished. It was, he [Lennox] said, the King's promise that he should depart from the country. There is no crime laid against him, and he is not forbidden by law to resort to his own, and therefore he minds after such a sort to come home, and to remain peaceably either in Dumbarton town or Couxstoun, as the Earl of Arran does in Kinneil, and if these lords who have the King in their government would withstand him herein, all their forces cannot harm him in the Lennox. Thinks that they [the English] shall have a number of noblemen's help, both strong and sufficient. London. Signed: William Fouler.

²/3 p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig. C. VII., fol. 225.

Copy of the same.

461. [William Fouler] to Walsingham. [May 13.]

I understand by two gentlemen, one Andrew Gray, son to my Lord Gray, and Robert Hamilton, son to Sir James Hamilton, that Maineville has arrived in Dieppe last Tuesday [7th].

As concerning the Duke [of Lennox], this I am to impart to your honour, that he is counselled by the noblemen who are affected to him to come to Scotland, and to offer himself to trial of justice, if those who are his enemies be able to lay any crime against him. These then be his two grounds—the first, as a subject, to resort to his own country. And if he cannot be suffered to remain there, then to sue for justice and to bide a trial of anything that can be laid against him or intended. And these things being so reasonable, his friends will travail to have them granted. If they be refused, then have they good cause for them to assist him; and in despite of those who are against him he is sworn by an oath that he shall be in Scotland before that day on which he departed out of Scotland, which is within the space of six months.

If Mr. Smollet's travail takes no effect, he says "he would have given his hand in that condition that he had never holden such speeches with her majesty concerning the Duke." [Marginal note in Walsingham's hand:—"If not releeved by the Queen, Smallet is sorri that he hath ben so playne with her highness."] "Nevertheless, howsoever it be, my master's honour is nothing impaired, for they have no writing to show that my master hath offered these things that I spake to her majesty; but that I spake them as speeches coming from myself, which, if her majesty would well allow, I undertake that my master would also ratify them."

These be for this present what I thought good to communicate to your honour, whereby I suppose I show to your honour evident tokens of my sincere fidelity. London. Signed in cipher.

¾ p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed. Notes in the margin in Walsingham's hand.

Cott. Calig. C. VII., fol. 20.

Copy of the same.

462. Heads to be Considered by the Queen of England. [May 14.]

"Certane heidis (fn. 5) to be considderit of be her majestie, and weyit according to the importance they cary with thame."

What danger might apparently have followed both to the religion and the good amity betwixt the realms if the course of things in Scotland had been suffered and "owersene" any longer.

What charges, besides effusion of blood, was it apparent to have cost the Queen of England before they would be brought again to such estate as they are now in.

How difficult it has been for zealous and well affected men to the amity about his majesty to persuade him to reject the liberal offers made him by other foreign Princes, and to settle himself upon this only course.

What, and how few, they are whom God has used as instruments to bring so great a work to the point it is at, which, if it have that hap to fall out well, and to be well embraced at this time by the Queen of England, the whole nobility of Scotland will be glad to follow and approve it as the best. If otherways the executors of it "man of neid force dispose thame" to run some other course with the worse affected, regretting that their upright meaning to the amity and good intelligence betwixt these realms, for the assurance whereof they made no question to hazard that which they had dearest in this life, should rest "disappointed" in default of due correspondence with them on the Queen of England's behalf.

How in this their difficult enterprise the special comfort they accounted of was in the confidence they had that if they could bring matters to this stand, not only should the Queen of England yield her good approbation, and, if need were, her help to it, but therewith should be about by all means possible to entertain, and contain, his highness's own heart in a good liking of it, "speciallie be hartlie gude takynnis of her favour to be returnit with ws at this tyme."

They are not ignorant of the malicious and crafty practices of domestic and foreign enemies to the union and good amity of the two countries, whose special coming at this time is to go about to persuade her highness to return the King of Scots a cold answer to his reasonable demands. If this falls out so, whereby his highness may be constrained to yield that hearty love which he had "trystit" to her majesty and her country to any other foreign Prince, it is then to be wisely weighed what may fall out thereof, and how far their said adversaries may think they have prevailed against them both, "quhen as they have obtenit that unioun quhairupoun dependis the weill and standing baith of religioun and the estatis of baith our Princes being at sa neir a poinet to be divorcit, runnyng twa dyvers and contrarious courses, to the wrak and owerthrawe of thame baith."

1½ pp. Indorsed: "Heidis to be advisit on with my Lord Secretary."

Cott. Calig. C. VII., fol. 226.

Copy of the same.

463. John Colvile to Walsingham. [May 14.]

Give credit to this bearer, for he is a discreet and godly man, and has supported me much at this time, as Mr. George Young has done also. But as to the rest of the number who are about his majesty, favourers of this good course, and worthy to be kept in good grace and favour, I commit the nomination of them to James Hudson's next coming to your honour, whom your lordship may trust as one as well acquainted with the inclinations of all men in Scotland as any other. London. Signed: Jo. Colvile.

⅓ p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed by Walsingham. Wafer signet.

464. John Colvile to Walsingham. [May 14.]

My request is only for this gentleman, your lordship's countryman, whose good qualities your honour may perceive. In case our despatch be sudden, I must entreat your honour to put his matter to some point, that he may be ready to return with me. Other matters I refer to his sufficiency. London. Signed: Jo. Colvile.

¼ p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed by Walsingham.

465. Piracies. [May 14.]

"Minute of some particular piraceis quhairof the honest qualiteis of the personis dampnifeit movis ws in his hienes name to protest maist earnistlye for some present consideratioun and redres."

Whereas there is a process depending before the Privy Council of England " intentit" by Adam Fullertoun, commissioner for sundry persons damnified by English pirates in 1577 and a little before, amounting to a great sum of money, for better verifying whereof her highness's Admiral directed his commission to certain judges in Scotland, who received the depositions of sundry honest and famous witnesses upon the " haill complenaris" scaith and interest, and returned the same subscribed by John Acheson, procurator for the parties— their earnest request to their honours [the Privy Council] is to procure that the said depositions may be "sichtit" either in Council or by such of their number as it shall please them to appoint therefor, and to let the complainers have justice and redress accordingly.

On St. Andrew's Day last a Scottish ship, called the James, of Pettinweyme, whereof David Hoppringill, Henry Williamson, and Alexander Jameson were merchants, coming homeward from Bordeaux ladened with wines, was foreanent St. Helen's point "invadit" and set on by a ship, a double fly boat, and a pinnace, commanded by Captains Thomas Wachen, Cultish, and Gowyer, who slew William Watson, the skipper, hurt and wounded the said David Hoppringill in four parts, and transported the whole ladening thereof, amounting to 505 marks sterling; wherefore they pray for some relief, without which there can "rest" nothing to them but an extreme calamity.

In March last two Scottish ships, called the Falcon, of Preston, and the Jesus, of Borrowstown, coming homeward from London, ladened with wares pertaining to James Rannold, George Bruce, Patrick Wilson, and sundry other honest merchants of Edinburgh, were in the very "raid" of Lowestoft [Lasto], not above a quarter of a mile from shore, boarded by a ship of Captain Billynghame's, commanded by Captain Chaleis. The Jesus he robbed of her whole lading, and took away the Falcon, "baith ship and guidis." They think that one at Court has sufficiently acquainted the Queen and their honours touching Agnes Cowty.

James Eintor of Leith was spoiled by Captain Purser about the 12th of December last near Portland, and most cruelly handled, "his haill gudis, money, vittuallis of schip, bot, saillis, best anker and cabillis" taken from him, amounting to 100 marks sterling.

1½ pp. Indorsed.

466. Answer of the Queen of England to Colonel Stewart And Mr. Colvile. [May 14.]

Touching the spoils committed by pirates on the King of Scots' subjects, her majesty has omitted no means that might tend to the King's satisfaction in that behalf, as well by giving out special commissions for their causes only, arming her ships to the seas, and making restitution of so much as could any ways be recovered, and other extraordinary favours of licenses granted to certain of them, as by giving special order throughout all the parts of her realm for the restraint of setting out of ships, other than known merchants, but upon sufficient caution given for good behaviour; and therefore she prays the King to consider that these loose times of civil wars in foreign parts have been the principal cause of these disorders that have happened that way, whereof none have taken greater prejudice than her own subjects.

Some further order shall be taken for the prevention of the like spoils, and also for the satisfaction of such as find themselves aggrieved, and have been recommended by the King's ministers in London. For the better performance whereof a commission about four years past especially directed for the relief of the subjects of Scotland, wherein Mr. Thomas Randolphe and Mr. Henry Killigrew were named, for the goodwill they bear to the said subjects, shall be renewed, and her majesty means to appoint certain of her Privy Council to be named in the said commission.

¾ p. Copy. Indorsed by Walsingham: "Her majestes answeare to the instructions of Coronnell Steward and Mr. Colvile touching matter of pyracies."

467. Requests delivered by the Queen of England to the Ambassadors sent from James VI. [May.]

"A memoriall of certaine speciall matters recomended by her majesty unto Corronell Steward and Mr. Colvill, ambassadors from the King of Scottes."

(1) That for the acquittal of her majesty's honour it may please the King that the effects of the pacification made by her mediation in [ ] may be duly performed by the restitution of the Hamiltons, yet with such cautions that the King's surety may be sufficiently provided for. In which point her majesty does not so much regard her own honour as that she sees it necessary for the King to reconcile his nobility to him, whereby they may not be made instruments by foreign practices to disquiet Scotland. Yet if the King, for some secret respects known to himself, shall not like to have them remain in his own realm, then to give order that they may at least enjoy their livings in some other place where they may make their abode with least suspicion to him.

(2) That the meetings on the Borders may be more frequent, and that the wardens be commanded to see offenders severely punished, and restitution of spoils committed duly made.

(3) That a thorough examination may be had in the presence of her majesty's ambassador of Holte, who has been used as an evil instrument to breed and practise alteration in both realms.

(4) That a good keeper be appointed in Liddisdale.

(5) That order may be taken that the inhabitants of the isles and north parts of Scotland be not suffered to pass to Ireland and serve the rebels there.

(6) That the Parliament appointed to begin at Edinburgh on the 24th of October next may hold at the time fixed, and that by the authority thereof the forfeitures against the Earls of Angus and Morton and all others named in that process may be reduced.

1¼ pp. Draft. Indorsed: "Requestes delivered by her majesty to the ambassadors sent from the King of Scottes."

Fair copy of the same.

Another copy of the same.

Cott Calig. C. VII., fol. 220.

Another copy of the same.

468. Advice to James VI. [May.]

"Sondrie necessarie heads to be geven in advise by her majestie to the King of Scottes for thestablishment of his estate in beste suretie and quietnes, and to be continued with more surtie in thamytie with her majestie, with some few notes to be considered before the the [sic] preferrment thereof."

The manner and substance of the articles to be set down for the purposes recited in the title above written depend chiefly on the Queen of England's own resolution whether she will receive the King of Scots with especial favour and support, or else entertain him for a neighbourly peace and common amity.

If she shall make choice to show especial favour, and to be at cost to hold him in the course most agreeable to her mind, then it is expedient that she "purchase" to herself a credit and interest in him, to the intent she may narrowly enquire of his estate and weighty affairs, and be privy to and order the same by her advice.

It is then convenient at this time that the ambassadors presently with the Queen of England may be speedily returned with such acceptable answers as may move the King to cast aside all other courses dangerous to religion or common quietness of the realms, and to receive and cherish the favourers of the amity as approved counsellors for his profit, and shake off the adversaries as liars and persons who have not spared to persuade the King that she never intended any good to him.

It is also meet that any insufficiency found in the said ambassadors or in the matters in their charge may not hinder the good success of their negotiation, that they be not long holden at Court without contentment, and that such things as cannot be perfected by them may be committed to others to be sent hither.

It shall be better to relieve the King's present necessity rather by loan than gift, and that chosen persons of the nobility, and some "brughes" of both factions in Scotland, shall be sureties for the repayment, to the intent that the favourers of the amity may with better credit and authority call for performance of all promises made to her majesty, and the suspected persons may be holden in awe by the force of their band to be especially charged on them.

"The heades to be presented to the King uppon the resolucion of the notes aforesaid."

(1) That provision and order be taken for the establishment of the surety of his person and estate, and for the policy in his government. Wherein he is to be persuaded to go forwards in the good cause begun, according to the reformation intended, and thereon to give open testimony that he will not allow either of counsel or of counsellors labouring to draw him against the same, and that in all his resolution herein he will call for, and follow, the Queen of England's advice.

(2) Matters depending betwixt him and his mother to be ordered. Because by the association she claims such equality with him as neither he nor his subjects will consent to, therefore the substance and the sufficiency of the association ought to be deeply considered, that the order to be taken therein may be good and indifferent. And as all other matters of title and demand shall readily fall into debate upon the examination of the articles in this association, so they are likewise to be compounded betwixt him and his mother by such judges and just dealings as shall be found convenient, and that he will do all the same with the advice of the Queen of England.

(3) Advice is to be given to him to take such a wife as the Queen may see shall give best assurance to her majesty, and contentment to him and his subjects.

(4) That his negotiations and contracts of leagues with foreign Princes be prejudicial neither to him nor his subjects, nor offensive to the amity or league with the Queen of England, therefore the Queen of England's consent to be taken in the articles thereof before they be concluded. Wherein good regard ought to be given to the part of the ancient league with France, binding him to offend and invade England on proclamation of any wars to be betwixt England and France.

(5) That he do not depart out of Scotland without the Queen of England's consent.

(6) That order may be taken touching "relaxe, remission, intermission, and forfaiture" of banished men, and chiefly for such as pretend to be heirs apparent to this crown [Scotland], and offer to "thoile" an assize for their trial in all crimes to be lawfully and rightly objected against them.

(7) In which part the late pacification promised to be granted to the house of Hamilton ought to be remembered for the acquittal of her majesty's honour therein. Nevertheless, such provision is to be taken in this behalf that the grant of the same shall not be against the honour or surety of the King [of Scots]. This article touching the relief of Lords John and Claud Hamilton is to be enlarged with especial considerations which otherwise shall be signified.

(8) That in electing of his Council, Court officers, and others serving near about his person, the King may chiefly prefer and place such persons of honour, wisdom, and good quality as shall be found apt and worthy, and who have for his welfare hazarded their lives and possessions; and likewise to displace such as have been guilty of the murders of his late father or Regents, or be adversaries to the religion or amity with the Queen of England, or maintainers of foreign courses to the peril of the same. In naming of which Council and officers it is to be foreseen that not only Lennox and Arran, but also Downe, Newbottle, and the King's advocate be known to have been great hinderers of the amity.

(9) That provision may be made for the good husbanding of the King's rents, revenues, and casualties, and for payment of his debts.

(10) That for the safe keeping of the chief castles in Scotland such persons may be preferred to the charge of the same as have inheritance in the realm, binding them, for the preservation of their inheritance, to give the better regard to their charge. Especial care must be taken that Dumbarton may be committed to a person well qualified and possessioner as aforesaid, seeing that William Stewart, the captain thereof, is so inwardly devoted to Lennox, as, contrary to the King's manifest charge and commandment, he received Lennox into that "peece," and remains otherwise suspected.

(11) That good order may be taken for subduing of the disobedient people in the isles and elsewhere in Scotland, and also to forbid the inhabitants in the isles and north parts of Scotland to pass to Ireland, and to serve the rebels there. The lords and owners of the places from whence such people resort into Ireland ought to be so dealt with that they may be charged or undertake to restrain their passages.

(12) That by the mediation of the King and travail of good noblemen the differences working division in the estate may be removed.

(13) That order may be taken as well with the persons for their behaviour and residence, as also with the possession in Scotland of the Duke of Lennox and James Stewart, called Earl of Arran, whereby the lawful rights and titles in their possessions claimed by others may be saved and given to the parties claiming.

(14) That the Parliament appointed to begin at Edinburgh the 24th of October next may hold at the time prefixed, and that by Act of the same the forfeitures against the Earls of Angus and Morton, etc., may be reduced.

(15) That a sound order be taken by commissioners for the determination of all questionable matters betwixt the wardens of the Borders, and also for the due execution of justice and the punishment and suppression of thieves and disordered persons there.

To these several grounds many other necessary matters may be further devised and added for the benefit of all such parties and causes as ought to be especially preferred and advanced.

4½ pp. Indorsed: "Heades of advice to be given to the King of Scotes."

469. Advice to James VI. [May]

"Advise to be given to the King of Scottes."

It shall be very necessary that the matter of association between the King and his mother be cleared out of hand. That the King be careful to have none about him who are inclined to violent and bloody counsels, for that violence in government carries no continuance, and overmuch severity renders a Prince's government hateful. That sound and perfect concord be wrought by interposition of wise and discreet mediators between his subjects of quality. That for the surety of his nobility there may be a general oblivion of all matter past from the first year of his regin, except the murder of the King's father and the two Regents, until the last of this present month. That he call about him such of quality as are noted to be religious, wise, inclined to peace, and well affected to the amity, and that such as are inclined to foreign courses and oppose themselves to the amity of the crown of England be removed from about him, for that otherwise the Queen of England cannot stand assured of his friendship. That he avoid charging his subjects with great taxes and impositions, except in cases of necessity, which are like to work dangerous results by the alienation of the subjects' hearts. For the avoiding whereof it shall be necessary for him to take some good course for the well ordering of his rents and casualties. Regard is to be had that his chief castles be committed into the hands of such as are not only void of partiality, but are men who have good inheritance and are known to be religious.

2¼ pp. In Walsingham's hand.

470. Elizabeth to [ ]. [May 15.]

Having had good report sundry ways of the dutiful carriage of yourself towards the King, your master, in these late changes happened in that country, and how ready you have always been to nourish good friendship between the King your master and us, we could not omit at the return of this gentleman, Mr. Colvile, to take knowledge thereof without doing you wrong, but signify to you how greatly we esteem you for the one, and how thankful we ought to be for the other. And for that we are assured by those whom we credit, and especially by this bearer, Mr. Colvile, that you carry a constant [mind] to continue that dutiful course that you have, greatly to your commendation, already begun, we pray you to make full account that you shall not find us unmindful thereof, as this bearer shall declare to you more at large.

1¼ pp. Draft in Walsingham's hand. Indorsed. Many corrections.

471. Elizabeth to [ ]. [May 15.]

Understanding of the favour your sovereign bears to you, and your discreet usage of the same to the good of his service, especially in seeking to maintain and set forwards the amity and good intelligence that are between him and us, and the two crowns, we have thought good to let you understand how acceptable a thing it is to us to hear of the good grace you stand in with your sovereign, and how thankfully we take those good offices at your hands, not doubting but that, as you can well consider the part of good servants, so you will wholly employ the credit you have about the King, your sovereign and master, to the advancement of his honour and to the weal of the State, agreeable with the trust he reposes in you. And as for ourselves, such has been the report we have received of you and of the good affection you bear towards us, as far forth as may stand with your duty reserved to your sovereign, that we cannot but witness to you our good acceptance thereof, whom, for your particular, you shall find ready any way to gratify you when occasion shall be offered. Greenwich.

½ p. Indorsed.

472. Mr. William Davison to the Earl of Gowrie. [May 15.]

Has received his letter of the 23rd of last month, and, as one glad of any occasion to do him honour, was bold to impart the same to the Queen of England, accompanied with such particular testimonies of his own in his behalf as his virtue and his [Davison's] duty required; and albeit he found her already sufficiently persuaded of his entire affection for maintaining the amity between both crowns, his particular devotion to herself, and thankfulness for her late letters written to the King of Scots in his favour, yet was his own testimony herein so acceptable that she could not possibly take it in better part, commanding him to assure him on her behalf that, as she has always found him a nobleman inclined to an honourable and sound course for the weal of his Prince and State, the surety of religion, and amity with his best neighbours—the continuance of which good offices she does not more presume of at any man's hand in Scotland than his own—so if there be anything wherein her majesty may give him good proof of the special goodwill she bears him, and the estimation she has of him, he may be assured that there is no one man in Scotland may more freely dispose of her favour than himself, as the bearer—a gentleman to whom, for the honourable reports he has made of him, he is as much beholden as a nobleman may be to his inferior—can at more length declare to him. Greenwich.

²/3 p. Draft in William Davison's hand. Indorsed by him: "Minute to my L. of Gowry, 15 May, 1583."

473. Elizabeth to James VI. [May 17.]

Has received at good length by Colonel William Stewart and Mr. John Colvile such matter as they had in charge to deliver her from him, amongst which she cannot but take most thankfully his good acceptation as well of her former care had of his person and State, as also of the advice she has lately given him, and is thereby greatly encouraged to continue towards him like demonstration from time to time of the best effects she may.

Has answered the rest of their negotiation from point to point, particularly, in sort that she trusts will fall out to his contentment. If there shall rest anything wherein he does not receive that satisfaction he desires, the same being made known to Bowes, he shall find her ready and careful to yield him all reasonable satisfaction. Commends his choice of the gentlemen whom he has used in this charge, as well for their sufficiency and that she finds them well inclined to do all good offices that tend to the nourishing and increase of such friendship between them which may prove both profitable for themselves and comfortable for their subjects, being very glad to find him furnished with such faithful and sufficient servants, whose wise and discreet conduction of those things they received in charge, and diligence to perform all things that might be required in them, she cannot but testify to him, wishing their continuance about him.

1 p. Copy. Indorsed.

Three copies of the same.

474. Robert Bowes to Walsingham. [May 18.]

By the last packet sent hither from London it is advertised that Smallett has arrived at the Court in England with letters and credit from Lennox, who seeks to obtain the Queen of England's favour towards him, hoping thereby to recover the King of Scots and Scotland. This bruit has wounded and amazed many, especially such as maintain this action and love the religion and the amity. The increase of this conceit will surely work a change in this estate, and other hard effects towards them, unless the matter be well handled, wherein he will, in this place, endeavour to content all men, and do all in his power to prevent the evil.

If the Queen of England shall make choice of Lennox to be drawn hither by her means, then this State shall be thereby so altered that it will be needful to set down and begin a new course to be holden here; and the same shall both estrange the hearts of the well affected, and also be found "tickle" to be planted on the faith of Lennox.

By the late intelligence from Paris, and certified by his [letter] of the 9th instant, it appears that the party giving intelligence is either much deceived—chiefly in the yearly pension given to Lord John Hamilton and purpose to transport the King—or else he has a mind to deceive others. Nevertheless, because he is to be tried and heard in his discovery promised touching the surprise of the King and other facts done or intended in Scotland—wherein he is able to disclose sundry secrets and do profit if he list—therefore he is to be entertained.

The King of late has showed sundry tokens that he could be pleased to be rid of him [Bowes] for some time. Gathers that the success of his affairs with them [the English] do not fully content him. Wherein he has found that, except his mind shall be satisfied in the article of his marriage, he will little esteem of all the rest that shall be done for him. And albeit his demands shall be reasonably answered in all other parts, yet his State shall be hardly established with any surety without it be settled by convenient match or marriage—a matter so hot and holy that he dare neither touch nor suffer [it] to lodge within him.

Requests that he may either be revoked or have license to repair to his house in Yorkshire. Edinburgh. Signed: Robert Bowes.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed. Marginal notes in Walsingham's hand.

475. Colonel William Stewart and John Colvile to Walsingham. [May 18.]

Please your honour, solicit her majesty that command may be given to Mr. Robert Bowes for delivery of the Earl of Gowrie's band which he has received for the sum of 200 marks.

Next:—Seeing her majesty's said ambassador has furnished certain other sums—whereof this bearer can inform your honour—by and "attour" the sum aforesaid, for entertainment of his majesty's guards, that it may please her majesty to give him allowance thereof either by present delivery or else by such other mean as best pleases her highness.

Thirdly:—In respect that the guards aforesaid were levied for holding his majesty to this happy course lately renewed with her highness, and for preventing and repressing the common enemies of both these crowns as well in Scotland as "for crossing the way to them that wer send from other nations" to interrupt the course aforesaid, and to draw his majesty from the same, that it may please her highness to take some good order for payment of two months' pay "restand awand thame."

"Lyik" your honour lay before her majesty how necessary this is to be done, and how acceptable it may be to his majesty and the best affected of his nobility, as also to remember how, at the beginning of this action, the lords who "interprysit" the same were encouraged to be constant, and promise [was] made to them of assistance both in men and money.

Last:—We desire to know some speciality of this sum which her majesty gives his grace in token of her favour, and at what time and place the same shall be delivered, thinking it most convenient, if so were her majesty's liking, that either the whole sum, or else a part thereof, were delivered here to this bearer, the ambassador's servant. London. Signed: William Stewart; Jo. Colvile.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed.

476. Robert Bowes to Walsingham. [May 18.] Cott. Calig. C. VII., fol. 229.

Received his letters of the 9th and 12th instant, together with the packet addressed to the Abbot of Dunfermline, which he has delivered.

Of the five earls sent for by the King, Argyll, Marishal, and Montrose are come hither. Eglinton having appointed to marry his daughter to-morrow, and Rothes alleging sickness, have sent their excuses for their absence.

On Wednesday last the lords and Council assembled resolved for the King's progress, for the order and provisions of his house, and for the meeting of the wardens to redress the disorders on the Borders. It was thought meet that the King should remove on Saturday then next following, or in the beginning of the next week, to Linlithgow, to remain there for four or five days, and from thence to pass to Falkland to continue there at his pleasure, and to make his progress for this summer within Fife, as a place most free from danger. The Earls of Angus, Bothwell, Marishal, Montrose, and Mar are appointed to attend on the King in his progress, and to be supplied with other meet persons as any of these appointed shall have occasion to leave the Court.

Whereas the ministers had received a supplication in favour of James Hamilton, Earl of Arran, they signified the same on Thursday last to the lords, with request that they would commend the cause to the King, and advance it as to equity and law appertained. The lords thinking well of the matter agreed frankly to join for the expedition thereof, giving order that the supplication should be presented to the King and Council to convene on the next day, and every of them agreed and promised to stand fast to each other, and to set forward this good cause to the uttermost they could, thinking thereby to have easily persuaded the King to like well of the same.

Yesterday afternoon, and before the assembly of the lords and Council, as he is credibly informed, Montrose secretly discovered the whole matter to the King, and thereon the King, with the advice of Montrose, resolved to keep himself out of the Council that day, and so rode to Linlithgow in the morning, giving sudden charge to the officers of his house for his "remove," contrary to his former determination. The rest of the lords understanding their purpose to be thus disclosed, gathered together at Argyll's lodging, agreeing first to subscribe particularly to the supplication aforesaid, to the intent every of them might thereby be bound and stand together to persuade that course that might be best for the honour of the King and relief of the distressed case of Hamilton. And afterwards they sent a messenger to him [Bowes] to entreat the King to stay his journey until Monday next; which without great difficulty he obtained. Albeit that they had once agreed to subscribe the delivery of the supplication aforesaid, and that they should join together and break the matter to the King, yet they omitted to subscribe, and also made choice of Argyll and Gowrie to open the matter to the King, requiring him to be pleased that the Lord James Hamilton might be taken out of the hands of Arran and committed to his friends to be honourably used, with allowance of such portion for his finding as the King should appoint, and touching his possessions to let justice be done.

The King at first hardly accepted their motion, showing that he had no liking of such manner of dealing, tending to defeat Arran of his living. But after long debate he agreed to advise with such as could best instruct him in the case and judgment of the laws, promising that he would shortly call such learned to him and thereon take order according to equity and law. With which resolution the lords, far contrary to their intended course, for the time hold themselves contented. And thus by evil handling the success has fallen little otherwise than he looked for. This is gained, that Montrose has so sufficiently discovered himself that the King laughs to see him shrunk from his fellows, who will not hastily trust him. Argyll, Marishal, and sundry others are entered into familiar band of amity with these lords with the King.

Arran having an inkling of the purpose of the lords against him sent oftentimes to the King praying to sound the noblemen severally by themselves, and likewise to charge them earnestly not to deal in the matter; and Downe, lately returned to the Court, is thought to have travailed busily in the behalf of Arran, who has offered to retire from Kinneill to Avendale, twenty miles from Linlithgow. Gowrie being secretly advised that Arran intended to have come privily to Edinburgh, gave advertisement thereof to John Durie, minister there, with advice to keep watch and await his coming; but Arran came not.

A sudden tumult arose the other night in Edinburgh by the gathering together of 200 servants and apprentices of the craftsmen, who sought to take out of prison one of their fellows. They threatened to pull down and set on fire the houses of the provost and one of the bailies. For which eight of them being found guilty and condemned to die, are pardoned to satisfy the craftsmen and multitude, who threatened to revenge their deaths on the burgesses soon after the King's departure. Has been greatly pressed for a month's pay for the guard. Will lend them 3001. The King has let him know that after he shall depart from Linlithgow he will wholly dispose himself to his recreation, leaving behind him at this town such counsellors as shall give order in all his affairs. These counsellors shall not be apt for him [Bowes] to deal with in any matters of weight for the Queen of England, neither will it please the King that he shall either trouble himself or his house at Falkland, where the house is little, and little good lodging near thereto. Thinks verily that his abode and service here during this progress shall be more chargeable than profitable to her majesty. Edinburgh. Signed: Robert Bowes.

Postscript.—The ship has arrived at Kirkcudbright from France for Morton, who delays to embark.

3 pp. Addressed. Indorsed. Notes in the margin in Walsingham's hand.

477. Colonel William Stewart And John Colvile to Walsingham. [May 20.]

These are the "puir complenaris" upon the late piracy committed on the 2nd instant, mentioned in the last memorial delivered to your honour by Mr. George Young. Their case is, as your honour sees it, "having" nothing left them in the world, except that hope which we have given them of your honour's courtesy, and favour to them at her majesty's hands, which we must earnestly protest and pray your honour to let be so favourably and with such expedition extended to them as their present state in conscience and equity deserves. London. Signed: William Stewart; Jo. Colvile.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

478. [William Fouler] to Walsingham. [May.]

Mr. Smollat departed yesterday at 10 o'clock. He has not conferred with the French ambassador nor delivered the letter which he had to give him.

I was willed by the Colonel [Stewart] to let some speeches fall, as proceeding from myself, to persuade his master, the Duke of Lennox, to continue his suit and courses to her majesty, for that were the only way for his quiet return, and of his continuance, being returned.

Mr. Smollatt says that the conference had with her highness hangs upon these terms, that her highness mistrusting his master's constancy and promise wills him to make the offers. "But this can not bee," said he, "for what know we when we have so done that her majesty will accept of theme, and iff they come not to accord her majesty shal have alwayes these points to throw up in his teith and to vaunt of the same. It standeth better with my master's honour that her majestie should devyse these articles, and how reasonable or unreasonable so ever they were my master should ather by refusal incurr her highnes displeaseur or by consent purchase her favour. And although the King do never so forduadlie enclyne to the queene of England, yet not without his consent furst obteaned, he shal not condescend to them. It being granted, and iff the King approve these same which shalbe devysed be her majestie, although the same wer never so dishonest for my maister, yet he shall allow off them."

My lord, to knit up this matter in few and short words, he sees, I believe, it shall come to this point, and it must be that we make the offers; but we will be first persuaded that they shall not be refused. He esteems her majesty to be indifferent for his master, but your honour partial. Although the nobility who were affected to the Duke [of Lennox] have denied that they gave their subscriptions to La Mothe, the contrary is most true, for I heard it of La Mothe himself, and now again confirmed by John Smollet.

The French ambassador takes Colonel Stewart's excuses in not visiting him to be as much as to say he has nothing to do with him. He says to me that there is a league defensive and offensive concluded, which prejudges France, although "conbinately" your honours have adjected those words, "not prejudging France," for that avails nothing, because the league betwixt Scotland and France was in consideration of this country. He will not oppose himself, for that stands not with the grandeur of his master. He hopes to remedy this matter by division.

Your honour was in conference with Mr. Douglas touching his knowledge in deciphering; which thing he denies, yet I assure your honour he is well practised in that art. In your next conference your honour shall do well to give out some speeches touching my dealing with him, and that your honour doubts of some practice, for that I bear him company. By this I shall be more trusted, and enter, peradventure, into some good offices. Signed in cipher.

1 p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

479. Robert Bowes to Walsingham. [May 21.]

On the way yesterday towards Linlithgow the [King] let him understand that he was advertised that Arran was removed from Ke[nneil], assuring him thereon, of his own accord, that he would not receive nor call for Lennox or Arran without the Queen of England's advice, and the consent and privity of the lords in this action. He has done the like to the lords, who thereby are in good hope to see all things in this realm [Scotland] presently brought to good quietness. And whereas he advised him to beware to bear inordinate affection [to], and maintain any such as by their acts had made themselves odious, either universally to the people or yet to the best sort of all his good subjects careful for his prosperity, lest he shall thereby draw to himself the hatred following the persons so hated, he gave him thanks for his counsel, and promised firmly to follow the advice in general, and to perform it towards the especial persons against whom he directed the counsel, saying therewith that he should be careful to preserve all things in the good state and peace wherein they now stand, that he might take his pastime this summer, and in the end of August return to Stirling, and afterwards to Edinburgh to proceed with the Queen of England to her best contentment, and to give order for the due preparations of all things for the Parliament appointed. Wherein, with the advice of her majesty, he trusts to satisfy the expectations and desires of this [the Scottish] nobility, and to establish his own State.

He [James VI.] has particularly dealt with all the lords to forbear to urge or pursue the matter moved for the relief of Lord James Hamilton, wishing that it may be suspended until they may have opportunity to confer with learned counsel and persons neutral. Wherein, and in all other things, he has so satisfied them all that they appear to be thoroughly contented.

At this time he entertains and uses with very great favour the Earls of Angus, Bothwell, Marishal, and Mar, saying that during his progress he will have no other counsellors, nor any other matters than for hunting; for which affairs he has chiefly chosen these old counsellors, who are in good hope to pass over this summer without great danger.

Upon the dissolution of the Council order is taken that Alexander Seton, appointed to appear here on the 28th instant, shall be referred to the 3rd of June next, at which time Dunfermline and sundry others of the Council shall return hither. Dunfermline, with the Clerk Register, shall have power then to examine Holte in the straitest manner, and also to confront Seton with him.

William Stewart, Captain of Dumbarton, has returned answer to the King that such writings and letters as are left with him by Lennox are in a chest locked, therefore the King has appointed him to be at Linlithgow on the 23rd instant, to the intent he may take order with him that the Prior of Blantyre shall repair with him to Dumbarton and take forth only such writings as the King desires. If the articles of the association with the King's mother shall [be] in Dumbarton, then copies thereof shall be speedily sent to the Queen of England. Understands that William Stewart aforesaid has newly received letters from Smallett.

The Countess Dowager of Argyll (base daughter to King James V.), being grieved, as it is thought, with a "spire of an appoplexie," and trusting to find remedy in France, is purposed to travel thither in July next, and doubting that she shall not well endure the seas, therefore she and her friends have moved him to entreat him to be mean to the Queen of England to have her passport in case she shall come into England.

Understands that Reyome Stewart, son of old Captain Stewart, and servant to Lennox, has arrived in Scotland from France with letters and messages to the King and others from Lennox. He says that he left Lennox dangerously diseased. But tarrying at Dieppe fourteen days for the wind, he heard that Lennox had recovered better health. He [Reyome] will ride to Linlithgow to-morrow to the King to deliver his letters and credit. Edinburgh. Signed: Robert Bowes.

Postscript—Yesterday the King earnestly entreated him, and this day has renewed it by an especial messenger, to write to him and pray him to commend to her majesty the cause of Cuthbert Armorer, presently attending thereon at the Court, and in whose behalf the King has likewise given order to Colonel Stewart to move her majesty. Therefore, is occasioned to present his request to him.

1¾ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig. C. VII., fol. 232.

Copy of the same.

480. Passport For Colonel William Stewart. [May 23.]

Passport by the Queen of England for Colonel William Stewart, captain of the King of Scotland's guard, and John Colvile, ambassadors from James VI., returning to Scotland, addressed to all mayors, sheriffs, bailiffs, head boroughs, the governor or other chief officer of Berwick, the wardens of her Marches, and all other her officers, ministers, and subjects to whom it shall appertain, commanding them not only to suffer them to pass quietly with eight horses or geldings, their servants, plate, jewels, packs of cloth, trunks, apparel, stuff, bags, baggages, and necessaries, without any stay, let or trouble, but also to see them furnished, for their reasonable money, with all horses for post or journey from place to place.

½ p. Copy. Indorsed by Walsingham.

481. Instructions By Elizabeth For Shrewsbury, Etc. [May 24.] C.P., vol. XII.

"Instructions for our cousin the Earle of Shrewsbury, Sir Walter Mildmay, knight, Chancellor of our Exchequer, and Robert Beale, (fn. 6) > esq., appointed to treat with the Queen of Scottes."

Having considered of certain offers made of late to you, our cousin of Shrewsbury, and to our servant Robert Beale by the Scottish Queen to be communicated to us, and finding the same in some part to contain such matter as is worthy of consideration, we have thereupon thought meet, for that the said Queen desires that some might be appointed to treat further with her therein on our behalf, to make especial choice of you two, to use your service with her for that purpose. And for that our servant Beale has been acquainted with former proceedings with the said Queen, we have found it very expedient that he should attend on you and assist you at the time of your conference with her.

For your better and more orderly proceeding, wherein we think it convenient you should first make repetition to the said Queen of certain offers set down for that purpose in articles, being such as by you, our cousin, and by Beale were conceived to proceed from her at the time of your conference with her, etc., and know of her whether they be rightly conceived or not. And in case you shall find her to vary in any point that may be material and of importance, to our prejudice, then shall you advertise us of the said "varieties" and difficulties that may so arise, to the end you may receive direction from us how to deal with her in that behalf. But in case she shall allow and confess that the said offers have been conceived aright, as by her they were uttered, without taking any material exception to the same, our pleasure is you should then proceed to deal with her touching the particular articles in manner following:—

Touching the first article, wherein she offers the accomplishment of the treaty of Edinburgh, and to acknowledge us, etc., you shall first let her understand that if the same had been ere now performed according to the treaty when it was required sundry times both in France and Scotland, there had not been that jealousy arisen between us that has happened since. And withal you shall let her know that we do not take our title to be any way fortified by the accomplish ment of the contents of the said treaty, as though otherwise in itself if it were not of sufficient validity, having now reigned well near twenty-five years as undoubted heir to the King our father, as also so declared in name by express words contained in the Acts of Parliament made for limitation of the crown, but only to make it known to the world that by her taking our arms and using our style she did in course of justice greatly wrong us, having no just cause of pretension thereunto, either in our time or [that] of the heirs of our body, if it should have pleased God to have inclined our heart to marry; and that her refusing to forbear the same might have bred in some evil-disposed persons a conceit and opinion that she pretended some present right to the crown. So that you may conclude that if at this time this offer by her for ratifying the said treaty was not propounded by her, we find no needful cause on our own part to require it. But seeing it shall make a demonstration of her disposition to yield that to us which is our right, and to which she was justly bound by her ambassadors, we shall willingly accept the same and interpret the matter her action.

Touching the second article, wherein she offers that nothing shall be attempted by herself or her son against us or our State, etc., you shall let her understand that we well allow of the offer.

To the third article, wherein she requires that nothing be done to the prejudice of her title and her son's to this realm, promising as well on her own behalf as on her son's to acknowledge and maintain us as most rightful Queen, you shall answer her, that we willingly assent that nothing shall be done to the prejudice of their title by them pretended before she and the King her son shall be heard, with condition that such articles as shall be propounded by us and hereafter mutually agreed on for that purpose between us may be duly observed on their behalf.

To the fourth article, wherein she promises to forbear all dealings with the Pope, etc., we think meet she should be moved by you on our behalf that for the better witnessing of her plain and sincere meaning to perform her said offer she will be content to withdraw her contribution and relief from the said parties and other like rebels and ill-affected persons who daily practise the disquieting of both States, and by some public instrument to notify her promise to the world.

Touching the fifth article, wherein she makes offer of some pleasure to be done to us by her son for the benefit of our affairs in Ireland, our pleasure is you should signify to her our thankful acceptation of the same, and that as we hope both she and her son will endeavour by all good means to deserve our good opinion, so we for our part will be no less ready to have that princely consideration of their good usage and deserts towards us that they shall have cause to rest satisfied withal.

For the sixth article, containing a promise of some assurance that she offers to make to us for our safety, you may say to her that we are desirous to understand what the same assurance may be, and in what points it shall consist.

Touching the seventh article, wherein she makes motion to be set at liberty, you shall require her to express more particularly, for time, place, and manner, what kind of liberty she desires. Whereupon we mean to take such resolution therein as she shall have cause in reason to rest satisfied withal.

Touching the eighth and ninth articles, that her son may be comprehended in any treaty between us and her, and for entering into the league that she offers, you may say that we think fit to impart the matter to the King and know his meaning therein before we ourself grow to any resolution in that matter.

And for that in divers of the articles above mentioned she also comprehends her son as a party contractant-which we conceive to grow by reason of the association alleged by her to have passed between them; you shall let her understand that we would, therefore, be glad to see the said association ourselves, or otherwise to show it to you, with sufficient proof of the certainty thereof. Which, if she shall refuse to yield to, then would we have it made known to her that she thereby ministers to us just cause to think that she does not deal with that sincerity and frankness towards us that she professed she would; and that, therefore, to be plain with her, there cannot, without the sight thereof, be any further proceeding touching the rest of the articles in such manner as she has made her overtures. And if she shall thereupon affirm that the association is perfected, but that she will not for some secret considerations show it, you may answer, that if she will show it, and make it appear to be effectually concluded, you will assure her that you will also conceal it from all persons but from us, who you know will keep it as secretly as she shall require it.

You shall also let her understand touching such articles wherein her son is made a party contractant, that there can grow no conclusion therein on his behalf until such time as he shall be made acquainted with it, and that his assent be also procured to the same. And in case she shall thereupon urge that a minister of hers may be sent to her son for that purpose, together with another from us, you shall then let her understand that you will advertise us of that her request, persuading her to set down such articles whereupon she shall think meet that her son be treated withal touching this matter, as also faithfully to promise that her said minister-we allowing of the said articles and assenting to his repair thither-shall have no dealing underhand for any other matters, but shall carry himself sincerely during the time of his being in Scotland, even as she looks to receive from us favourable consideration and due performance of her requests.

Lastly, in case she either cannot or will not show the association she pretends, whereby such articles wherein he is necessarily required to be a party contractant, can grow to no full conclusion, our meaning is, notwithstanding, that you should proceed to the treaty of the rest of the articles containing such offers as may be performed by herself without her son's association; and to advertise us from time to time of your proceeding therein, thinking it also very necessary that in case there shall fall out any such matter as cannot be in such sort expressed in writing as may fall out to our full satisfaction, Beale be sent hither to us from you, as well to acquaint us thoroughly with your proceedings, as also to inform you thoroughly of our meaning and intent touching such points wherein you shall desire direction.

5½ pp. Draft. Indorsed: "Instructions for the Earl of Shrewsbury and Sir Walter Mildmay, 27 May, 1583."

Fair copy of the same.

482. Patent By Henry III. to Scottish Merchants. [May 26.]

Mandate by Henry III., King of France, addressed to his loved and faithful Councillors, the people holding his Court of Parliament, the mayor of Rouen, and all his other justices and officials, etc., to discharge Scottish merchants from payment of impositions for cloth manufactured in Scotland. Paris.

1¼ pp. French. Copy. Indorsed.

483. Elizabeth to Mary. [May 27.] C.P., vol. XII.

Her late letters and the offers she has made to the Earl of Shrewsbury and Robert Beale have so far prevailed with her that she has thought good to send to her Sir Walter Mildmay, Chancellor of her Exchequer, to join with the Earl of Shrewsbury to treat with her upon such points as depend on the said offers, as also such matters as shall be thought meet by her [Elizabeth] to be communicated to them. As Robert Beale has been acquainted with the late proceedings between them, she has thought meet that he should attend on the earl and Mildmay, and assist at the treaty and such other conferences as shall pass between her and them. Informs her that, as she has been content to yield to the treaty upon the great and earnest protestation she has made to carry herself sincerely towards her, with an intent and meaning on her behalf to yield such satisfaction to her demands as she shall find agreeable with reason and may stand with her honour, so may she assure herself if she shall not use the plainness and integrity that she professes, she shall greatly discourage her hereafter to yield so far forth as presently she has done.

¾ p. Copy. Indorsed: "M[inute] to the Q. of Scotts, 27 May, 1583. Credit for Sir Walter Mildmay."

484. Elizabeth to Shrewsbury. [May 28.]

Upon consideration of the contents of such letters as she has received from himself and Beale touching that which had passed between them and the Scottish Queen, and his [Beale's] more particular report since his return, she has thought meet to send Sir Walter Mildmay, knight, and Beale to join with him in treating further with the said Queen, according to her own request. And for that she before made some difficulty to open herself so plainly to him and Beale, in respect that they had no letter of credit, she has now, to remove all such scruples and excuses from her, written her letter of credit, by which she authorises them to treat with her upon her offers delivered to him and Beale.

Whereas she understands by his secretary that he continues his most earnest desire to make his repair hither to her presence, she will not fail presently, after the said negotiation shall be ended, to take order for the repair thither of some one whom she will make choice of to supply his place in his absence, being for her part no less desirous to see him, whereby she may acknowledge her thankful acceptation of his service, so carefully and painfully performed in the charge committed to him, than she understands he is very desirous to see her.

1 p. Copy. Indorsed: "29 May [sic], 1583. M[inute] to the Earl of Shrewsbury from her majestie."

Another copy of the same.

485. [Walsingham] to Robert Bowes. [May 29.]

In the answers delivered to the ambassadors' demand as much as concerned the delivery of Mr. Archibald Douglas was answered, with such conditions as the said Mr. Archibald thought might best tend to the King's satisfaction and his own safety. Notwithstanding, upon better consideration had of them since, and finding that they may seem somewhat hard to the King, he has thought good to present a more tolerable and indifferent offer, which he prays may be delivered by him to the ambassadors to be delivered to the King. Her majesty has also given him in charge to be recommended to him. Mr. [Colonel] Stewart has, before his departure, promised to do the best offices he can for the gentleman's safety, which her majesty does not without some extraordinary care require should be solicited by all good means. Incloses his last offer, not doubting but he will use it to the benefit of the gentleman the best he can. Her highness, as well in respect of the value of the gentleman and his sufficiency to do either good or harm accordingly as he shall stand assured, as also to show herself thankful for former services done by him, as appertaining to a Prince of her quality, is minded for the present to extend some liberality to him, and, afterwards, according as he shall merit, so to increase her goodness. Does what he can to further him, being persuaded that he will deal honestly. He makes good account of his [Bowes'] friendship, and that he will not fail to yield him what furtherance he can there. Will do what he can that his revocation may be hastened. London.

²/3 p. Draft. Indorsed by Walsingham.

Copy of the same.

Cott. Calig. C. VII., fol. 237, b.

Another copy of the same.

486. Trial of Mr. Archibald Douglas. [May 29.]

"The coppye of certaine notes necessary to be perfourmed to Mr. Archibald Douglas before he can be able to come to his tryall for the abhominable and cruell murther of the King his soveraigne's father of good memorye."

Item:—The said Mr. Archibald shall enjoy the privilege of the act of pacification for all matters that can be laid to his charge before the day hereof, or otherwise shall be pardoned by any remission in forma specifica for his coming forth of Scotland without license, intercommuning with the Queen of England, showing favour to such as withheld the Castle of Edinburgh against the King's authority, and all other crimes and offences whatsoever that can be "intended" against him before the date hereof, except the murder aforesaid, for which he offers to abide the trial of the law.

Item:—That a competent day may be appointed to the said Mr. Archibald for his appearance before the Justice and his deputies for his trial, and in the meantime to be relaxed from all process of forfeiture, horning, or barratry that has been deduced against him since the 31st of December, 1580; and to be done forty days before the day appointed for his compearance.

²/3 p. Copy.

Another copy of the same.

Cott. Calig. C. VII., fol. 238.

Another copy of the same.

487. [Walsingham] to Robert Bowes. [May 29.]

The Scottish ambassadors departed hence on Monday, (fn. 7) in some sort contented, though not altogether satisfied, for that the Queen of England would not yield to the re-delivery of the Earl of Gowrie's bonds, though at first they were put in some hope thereof, nor to the allowance of the 400l. disbursed by him [Bowes], nor yet to the discharge of the last 300l. he has now laid out of his own money for the payment of the King of Scots' guards. Has told her majesty that he directed him to lay out the latter sum by her own commandment, and that in case it would not please her now to allow thereof the burden must needs light upon him [Walsingham] to make it good, which he means to perform accordingly. Thus he sees, notwithstanding it imports them [the English] greatly to yield all contentment to that nation, how they stick at trifles. Prays God they perform the rest of things promised.

Has also furnished Colonel Stewart with 200l. to serve his present turn here, which he perceives now by his man, Allen, he means he shall take up again out of the 10,000 crowns pension that is granted to the King, so that he may, perhaps, have but a bad reckoning thereof. Requests him, therefore, to use what means he can for him to procure the repayment of the said sum in Scotland.

Whereas he finds that the noblemen there who have embraced the best course are become jealous of the coming over of Smallet, and of his having access to the Queen of England, doubting, perhaps, that she means to bring the Duke [Lennox] again into Scotland, he may do well to use all the best means and persuasions he can to remove that conceit out of their heads, letting them understand that her majesty will be very well advised before she yields her consent or furtherance to a matter that may bring so much prejudice to herself, and to them no less danger. But as it is commonly the manner of all Princes, in due course of wisdom and policy, to entertain the offers of those with whom, notwithstanding they will beware not to deal further than may be for their own advantage, with the advice of their Councillors, so they are not to find it strange if she gives ear to the Duke for the present in these matters that he propounds to her. Wherein, notwithstanding, she means to grow to no resolution at all that may any way tend to the disquieting of the State or be of any danger to themselves in particular, as by the sequel shall in time better appear to them. For very loth she would be to bring in again so dangerous an instrument as he is, to the thrusting out of those whom she assuredly knows to be so well affected to the cause of religion, the service of the King, and the continuance of the mutual good amity between the two crowns. He may also let them know that whereas Sir Walter Mildmay is presently despatched to the Queen of Scots, they may in like manner be assured that there shall be nothing done but that which may be for the benefit of the King, and the welfare of them and the whole country in general, with his and their consent and good liking.

1½ pp. Draft. Indorsed: "M[inute] to Mr. Bowes."

Copy of the same.

Cott. Calig. C. VII fol. 237. [May 29.]

Another copy of the same.

488. William Fouler to Walsingham. [May 29.]

Smallat at his departure said to me that the speeches which her majesty had with him were but "driftis" and shifts to prolong time and drive over this summer, that his master [Lennox] may not enterprise nor do anything. The French King is acquainted with his coming to England, and Monsieur Mauvissière's servant had conference with him often in a Berwick woman's house without Temple Bar. Mr. [Archibald] Douglas spoke with him at his departure, to that end to insinuate himself into the Duke's favour. Further, he undertook to agree him and Angus. The effect and substance of his words are these. "Iff the Duik would be content to let Anguss sew by justice for the erledome off Mortoun, which is in my Lord Maxwell's possessioun, Angus should be brought to suffer the Duik to enjoy quyetlie Dalkeith and Aberdour."

Smallat assured him if he could bring that to pass it should be greatly for his advantage and repose. Moreover, to allure Angus to that same, Smallat promised to persuade the Duke to resign the lordship of Aberdore freely to the Earl of Angus, and be content with Dalkeith only.

Mr. Douglas has written to divers noblemen in Scotland. He is purposed to conciliate the Prior of Blantyre's favour by his free resignation and plain acquittance of his benefice of Glasgow, which the Prior now holds. He expects letters from the French King and from the Queen. He is advertised that Mr. Bowes has given forth speeches of him in Scotland that he is become an apostate, for that he addressed himself to none but to Papists, and professes to save those who are enemies to religion; and this thing brings him into great thought. He gave to Thomas Murray twenty crowns and a ring, thinking thereby to be well reported of by him.

Mauvissiere gave direction when Monsieur de Chartres went to confer with our ambassador, to show to him the great opinion the Queen of Scotland had of him. He used sundry other speeches to persuade him to follow that course. His answer was after this sort. That he would not be undutiful to the Queen [of Scots] if his service might stand with the advancement of his master and prejudge not the King's greatness, and that he would be friend to the Duke of Lennox in so far forth as might stand with the repose of our country and the surety of the King.

I recarried our ambassador's letter to Mauvissiere. He gave no other answer than this. "I will not research him any more. I wrett to him a long letter as to a gentleman. He heth wrettin to me a very short one."

He is in opinion, because he knows, as he says, your honour's style and form of "indyting," that your honour devised that answer. "But I did wrytt it," said he, "to that end that it should come in[to] his hand and also in[to] the queenes."

He is in great confidence of my Lord Treasurer, and has assured me that the Queen's majesty will conclude nothing with our King without his mother be comprised.

There be letters written of no small importance, and to be directed to-day or to-morrow to France: they may be easily intercepted.

I hear that the Scotsmen whose goods were taken are not contented, and are to depart to Scotland, minding to redress their own losses by some overlooking and winking of those who have authority. The matter is dangerous, and may hinder good courses. I pray your honour to have regard to it.

I have been at charges with my countrymen, and presently am unprovided and defurnished of money. Please your honour to consider me therefore. London. Signed: William Fowler.

2 pp. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig. C. VII., fol. 238, b.

Copy of the same.

489. Robert Bowes to Walsingham. [May 29.] Cott. Calig. C.VII., fol. 234.

Received his letter of the 22nd instant, and albeit by the same he finds that the ambassadors presently in England appear to be well satisfied with the answers made to the articles propounded by them, yet sundry in Scotland—especially of the French favourites— begin to labour to induce the King to think that the commodities to be granted by her majesty to him shall little advance his estate, or recompense the loss of the friendship of France, liberally, as they say, offered of late to him. Nevertheless, the King by the comfort of the letters from his ambassadors, and retaining a great trust in her majesty's favour towards him, continues in good expectation to find all things fall to his reasonable contentment.

Upon the return of these ambassadors to the King he is to be moved to call to him the chief part of his nobility and Council to acquaint them with the doings and success of the ambassadors, and to resolve for the progress and execution of the effects accorded or to be further deliberated, or else to signify their discontentment in the particular parts misliked. Some difficulties will be made for the immediate convention of these counsellors, the rather because that during the King's "remaine" at his little house at Falkland—where it is thought he will expend near two months—they shall have small commodity to assemble there. Therefore this assembly is like to be referred to the King's coming to St. Andrews or Stirling. Requests direction what to do either in the same or touching his return to England. The King continues at Linlithgow. The Court is very quiet and small. Bothwell is departed to his own house. Angus, Marishal, and Mar are still at Court.

Some quarrel happened the other day betwixt Bothwell and the Master of Marishal, upon a stroke given at football on Bothwell's leg by the master, after that the master had before received a sore fall by Bothwell. They secretly appointed to meet alone in the fields the next morning; but Angus, espying the appointment, travailed to pacify the matter, and seeing he could not prevail he opened it to the King, who with some difficulty reconciled the parties, who are now well agreed.

Reynyon Stewart, named in his last letter, has brought to the King small matter of effect, other than that Lennox would write to the King at large by the Master of Livingston, [who] purposed to follow Stewart very speedily, and who soon after came to Dieppe and laid in his victuals and stuff in a Scottish ship arrived the other day at Leith. But Livingston, meeting with Maineville at Dieppe, and receiving at his hands sundry letters out of Scotland, was by him stayed and advised to abide at Dieppe until he should receive further direction and letters from the French King, his mother, Lennox, and his friends.

Maineville, pretending to want money to pay his freight, has taken the master of the ship with him to Paris for his payment. And whereas the master of the ship had promised to have taken in his loading at Dieppe for Dantzic, he has let the merchant understand that he cannot perform that voyage. It is verily thought that not only the Master of Livingston, but also Lennox, who gets health, Maineville or other person of quality, with the resolutions in their plots and affairs here, shall return hither very speedily in the ship of James Gowrley, of Leith, wherein Maineville passed out of Scotland. And this conceit is strengthened by the view of the letters of Henry Nesbyte writing to his wife and willing her and all their friends to be of good cheer, for that all things go well with them in France, and that he and some others not looked for shall be seen in Scotland within few days.

It is advertised that Lennox, after great danger of his life, has recovered his stomach and hopes to obtain health, purposing thereon to visit the King and Scotland as soon as his body may endure travel, that he shall bring with him good store of money without any forces; for Henry Keir had said that this nation will be stirred to great offence by the sight of strangers, and that England will have in readiness, and send for their succour, six times as many as Lennox can bring. Lennox has prepared and will send to the King six fair French "curtalles" and other presents of pleasure.

It is known, and much noted here, that Lennox, bringing scarcely 200 crowns into France, refused to accept 1000 crowns offered to be lent him by the Master of Livingston, and that he was soon furnished with plenty, and also [is] still supplied to maintain his great expenses there, making many here to think that his relief came from the Pope, the French King, or the Scottish Queen. The Earl of Morton is departed to France. Some affirm that he embarked in a merchant ship of Kirkcudbright, but others think that it is Lennox's ship. The Master of Boyd has suddenly conveyed himself to the sea for France without his father's consent or privity, whereat the Lord Boyd, his father, seems to be grievously offended. Sundry persons suspected of papistry arrived the other day at Leith out of France. Some books of papistry were taken with them.

By the labours of Doune the King was moved to send for Huntly to come to him at Falkland. Nevertheless, Huntly by the advice of his wise friends is like enough to tarry at home. And albeit he shall be presently in Court, yet sundry good men think that, knowing what purpose is in hand for the relief of the Hamiltons, he will not, therefore, do anything that shall hinder the expedition of the same.

By the bruit of the intended return of Lennox, and by access of some suspected persons to the Court, and looked to increase at Falkland, together with other like doubts, here reigns a common fear that some sudden change shall fall in this State soon after the King shall come to Falkland, and that the ambassadors now in England shall be returned, and have made report of the end of their negotiation. But in case the King shall be pleased with the success in their embassage, then the danger of the change looked for may be easily avoided; for without the King's consent few in this realm will attempt any alteration, nor may be able to maintain any enterprise, notwithstanding it shall in the beginning take effect; and the King is presently seen to be so affectionate to her majesty, and that mind increasing in him, that none dare adventure anything against this course and his promise to her majesty before they shall find this fire kindled to be quenched in him. Edinburgh. Signed: Robert Bowes.

Postscript.—Has given to the King two hunting nags, and is so pressed by the Earl of Bothwell to let him have two of his stud mares, that he can hardly deny him. Nevertheless, having no warrant for his discharge, he dares not make absolute delivery before he makes the same known to him. Requests that he may have such warrant for their delivery.

2²/3 pp. Addressed. Indorsed by Walsingham.

490. William Fouler to Walsingham. [May [29].]

The party [Archibald Douglas] has shown me that in your honour's last conference with him you were very angry with him. He said to me that he knows that her majesty only pretends his sending home; and because it cannot stand well with her highness's honour to do this directly, her majesty would that he should sue for it himself. To this he will not consent. He says her majesty seeks to despatch him, or at least to terrify him, that he may listen the more willingly to the first offer of pension. Which he refuses, for that thereby he shall be let from doing service, to which he is most bent. He thinks if the Earl of Morton be restored, and the restitution be of innocency, and not of grace, he shall find the like favour, because he was condemned with him. As for the confession made by the Earl of Morton, and penned by the ministers, he says it avails nothing for confessio confessionum de jure non valet, and it cannot prove [worth] "fyfe shilling."

Mauvissiere will oppone himself, as I showed before, to his delivery, and he said to me that he will write to the Queen of Scots and the King of France that they might write to the King of Scotland in his favour, after this sort:—"We are advertised that Mr. Archibald Douglas is to be sent to Scotland, which thing we do know more to be done of malice than for love of justice, therefore we pray you for our sakes to show him favour and to conserve such a subject who through his wisdom and policy may do you and us good service hereafter."

This much I thought good to write to your honour that you may know how uprightly I march forward in that service I owe and profess to your honour.

I wrote in the end of my last letter to your honour touching myself. I pray your honour most humbly now again to show, after your honour's pleasure and goodwill, the like proof and fruit of your liberality as I have found before, for that an extraordinary occasion is offered to me whereby I stand in need of your honour's courtesy. London. Signed: W. Fouler.

1 p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig. C. VII., fol. 240.

Copy of the same.

491. Robert Bowes to Walsingham. [May 31.]

The bruit is so common here that it has been sundry times told him that Huntly, Atholl, Montrose, Doune, and others have appointed to meet at Falkland soon after the King's coming thither, purposing thereon to persuade the King to "welter" this course and State. Has been moved to pass this day to the Court for prevention of the matters, wherein he sees presently no great cause of danger, chiefly whilst the King continues in this good opinion and mind towards the Queen of England. Nevertheless, to satisfy some who conceive greater fear than there is cause for, is this morning ready to take his journey to the Court.

The King has entreated Argyll to stay his journey into Argyll until Colonel Stewart returns, for whom the King greatly longs and looks for daily. If he shall bring any satisfaction to the King, then all these matters and all practices to change this State will have little force. Otherwise dares not promise any surety or long continuance of this present course. Edinburgh. Signed: Robert Bowes.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

492. William Fowler to Walsingham. [May.] Cott. Calig. C. VII., fol. 221.

I send your honour such proof of my fidelity that your honour thereby may well judge of my true meaning.

The King has entered into conference with the Master of Glamis after this sort: "I intend to go in progress, and first to Facland and theirafter to the Glamis. What think yow, maister, shal I be welcom?" The other answered that his welcome should be better than his majesty's entertainment, "because," said he, "I am less able now then I was these fyften yeires before"—meaning his loss and fine of 20,000l. which he paid by the Duke of Lennox's means for the killing of the Earl of Crawford's man. The King answered, "Maister, ar yow not yet contented and suficientlie revenged? If yow had not turned that night to Ruthven those things which wer then devysed would never takken effect. Weill, maister, I will forgive yow, and if yow will conforme your self now to my request your losses shalbe faithfullie repeyed yow heirafter." "Sir," said he, "what is your will? Command me in any thing, your majesty shalbe obeyed. Yea, wer it in the killing of the best that ar about your majesty." The King answered, "Maister, I meane not so, but becaus I think it standis not with my honour to be guyded by uther mens wills. I would thinges wer changed, which yow only may performe iff yow follow my devyse. None miste viseth yow, and therfor I will come to the Glamiss whair yow may have such power for that effect that I will remane your prisonier, so that yow debarr these from me who heth me at their devotioun."

To conclude, the other has agreed thereto and shall proceed therein if good counsel prevent it not.

As touching myself, I would have used some words "showne" to your honour how I am invited by my parents to resort to Scotland or else to follow my studies. I cannot satisfy them herein without I be resolved of your honour's pleasure. If her majesty pleases to acknowledge my service, by your honour's intercession, or wills that I stay or continue here—for that French causes are begun afresh— I am most willing, so [i.e. on condition that] I find the fruit of her highness's liberality according to my conceived hope. Unsigned.

Postscript.—As these things must come to light, so would I they should so be used as though this intelligence should not be known to have come from hence, otherwise I should be suspected and incur the King's hatred, and the Master of Glammis' displeasure, who is addebted to my mother more than 4000l. Scots for the Chancellor, his brother. I doubt not but your honour will have regard to me.

1 p. No flyleaf or address. In the margin: "1583, May. From Mr. Fowler to Sir Fr. Walsingham."

493. William Fouler to Walsingham. [May.]

I received your honour's letters, for which, indeed, I longed greatly, supposing that something had happened through my default and insufficiency whereby your honour might [have] been displeased with me, yet finding nothing in my conscience which might have given you any just occasion thereto, I was driven into sundry and doubtful cogitations. But behold your honour's letters have resolved and satisfied me herein, to the which I will answer at more length to-morrow, as our conference may afford any worthy matter.

Farnyhurst has "cummed" here in most secret manner, and has been two days in town. This night, as I suppose, or to-morrow at least he is to take his journey towards France. I have not spoken [to] him, neither can I come to speech with him, he is so secretly hidden. As I believe, he shall "convene" La Mothe upon the way. On Wednesday, at night, he went to "the pairties" (fn. 8) [Archibald Douglas]. Your honour sees more in this matter than l. I think your honour weighs the peril which may ensue to me by this, if I be suspected, as I fear I shall, to have discovered him—and suspicion is a matter sufficient for him, being so bloody and vindictive a man, to be revenged upon me hereafter. Notwithstanding, your honour's courtesies, to which I am so much indebted, stir me forward to such faithful offices. London, "at night very lait." Signed: W. Fouler.

1 p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

Cott. Calig. C. VII., fol. 224, b.

Extract from the same.

494. Benefits Conferred on Scotland by Elizabeth. [May.]

"Ane capitulation of hir majestes benefites as weill befor the nativite of his majeste my sowerayne as efter."

Anno 1559. With the beginning of her majesty's reign peace made and happily continued 23 years.

Anno 1560. Her majesty expelled the French, relieved Scotland from conquest, and "purchassit" for the inhabitants thereof liberty [of] conscience and public profession of the true religion.

Anno 1561. The Queen of England kept amity with the inhabitants of Scotland.

Anno 1562. Her majesty forbore to take her advantage of Scotland when the same was involved in civil troubles at the time when the Earl of Huntly rebelled against the Queen of Scots, and never sought "ane foot breid" of the ground thereof in all her time, albeit then the time and occasion were very proper [if] her majesty had not been of sincere and amiable disposition.

Anno 1563. How conformable her majesty was to have all occasions of troubles composed, chiefly at the Borders, the directing of her commissioners to Carlisle and Dumfries testifies.

Anno 1564. Matthew, Earl of Lennox, restored to his lands and honours in Scotland.

Anno 1565. She forbore to make war notwithstanding the Queen of Scots' marriage with the King's father.

Anno 1566. Her majesty honoured the King at his baptism in being witness thereto by a right honourable ambassador, and presented a notable gift in demonstration of her favour.

Anno 1567. She had great care to have the King put in surety of the crown, and his person in safety from the hands of the murderer of his father.

Anno 1568. She left all other affairs and gave herself only to have the troubles in Scotland appeased.

Anno 1569. Her majesty concurred in "dantening" of thieves and pacifying the Borders of Scotland.

Anno 1570. Declared her favour in maintaining of the King's quarrel and authority and in pursuit of the murderers of the Earl of Murray, and in sending again the Earl of Lennox accompanied with her forces to accept the government.

Anno 1571. Maintained the King's authority before and after the murder of the Earl of Lennox.

Anno 1572. The pacification at St. Johnstone.

Anno 1573. Bestowed her forces in repressing of such as would not come to accord, in besieging the Castle of Edinburgh, and taking it by force, yet saving the registers, jewels, and movables of the crown for the King's own use.

Anno 1574. Expressed her goodwill by making quietness on the Borders.

Anno 1575. She forbore to take revenge for the loss received at the Redswire, composing that matter in a most friendly manner without seeking the lives of any of his highness's subjects.

Anno 1576. She still continued peace and good neighbourhood.

Anno 1577. She used great care and diligence for appeasing and composing of the trouble likely to have been conceived in Scotland upon the misliking of the Earl of Morton's government.

Anno 1578. By Robert Bowes she appeased the trouble when Scotland had convened with great forces at Stirling and Falkirk.

Anno 1579. She forbore to find fault for the pursuit of those who were banished at that time, albeit she was "suir" for observing of the pacification, and thought her honour somewhat interested and touched.

Anno 1580. She forbore to invade and pursue Scotland when her [forces] were ready, albeit she saw her amity shaken off.

Anno 1581. Albeit her majesty was "merweluslie irritat and prowokit," yet she offered no tokens but of great conformity and affection.

Anno 1582. Hearing that some trouble arose in Scotland, she sent h[er] ambassador in honourable manner to visit the King and to offer him succour, notwithstanding anything [done] before.

3 pp. In Mr. John Colvile's hand. Indorsed by him.

Cott. Calig. C. VII. fol. 227.

Copy of the same.

495. William Fowler to Walsingham. [May.]

Since my letters I went thither and have learnt of both the parties this much which I send herewith inclosed. I am afraid that these things which your honour esteemed before as "tatles" shall be in end found to be too true, etc. La Mothe says he has given you—I mean her majesty, your honour and all the rest—"ung corbeaw blanc," and that your doings in Scotland are but as if you were "threschen with water." My heart bleeds to hear such reproachful speeches spoken against the true and the ministers. La Mothe seeing my countenance change when he was in such a villainous discourse, said that it appeared to him that I was a Huguenot. Mauvissiere straightways answered that I was one, and that the faithfulest servants the Queen of Scots has had were Huguenots, and he himself had one in his company, whom he named Rothblawf, in whom he reposed great confidence, and so forth, using more speeches of a good liking which he had of me, all which for tediousness I omit.

My mother and friends have conceived a great displeasure against me, and have written to me that the ministers who liked well of me are not well contented with my acquaintance and proceedings with the French ambassador and Scottish Queen. This matter grieves me very much, for I have found their displeasure in effect—which I need not to express in particular. My lord, I know what danger it is to show a true excuse; and as for my father's debt, my mother writes me to leave off that suit, for she is in despair to recover it, seeing such earnest suit has been made before to the Bishop of Glasgow, Piguillioun, and Treasurer Dolu, and cannot avail. Mauvissiere feeds me with fair words, but I make the less account of all so that [provided] I have the countenance of your lordship's favour and goodwill, to the which I lean wholly. I shall on my part leave nothing undone, as God is my witness, to enlarge the same by all dutiful offices. If your honour have anything in mind which your honour suspects, I pray your honour to show it me, and after your informations I will perform the same. London. Signed in cipher.

¾ p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed by Walsingham: "From Fowler."

Inclosure with the same:—

(Information by William Fowler.)

After he had shown me the letters which the French King sent to the Scottish Queen, the letters being closed, "these letters," said he, "be for the bennefeit of your queene, and I am travellin myself for hir releive." Said I, "monsieur, by what meanes shal have her at libertie." He answered me with, "il faut, il faut, thair ar fyfe hundereth thousand men in France who doeth nothing but waists the realme and will wraik it iff they be not occupied otherwyse."

This day he has written to the King of France the contents of his letter by these. He says that the Queen of England shows, by appearance, herself very offended with Colonel Norrice, and has assured him that he shall never have her affection. Nevertheless, Mauvissiere said to me staightway, "and I wer in Colonel Norryce place myself I would do no les then he heth done."

Besides, he showed how that some of the Council here used such speeches, as it were, in accusing Mainville for that he practised things in Scotland to the disquieting of Scotland. To which he says he answered that they deceived them by the opinion of their shadow. If they would deal sincerely with his majesty, his majesty again would deal plainly with them.

Nevertheless, he will not be negligent, but have his eyes open to these things which his majesty willed him and commanded to do in his letters that he received of Coursells touching the Scottish affairs.

He has also written the news which your honour wrote to me, but he has enlarged and amplified them a great deal otherwise than he received them of me.

1 p. In Fouler's hand. Indorsed.