Elizabeth: July 1585

CALENDAR OF STATE PAPERS (SCOTLAND). ELIZABETH.

1. Monsieur Fontenay to Monsieur Nau. [July 1. 1585.] C.P., vol. XVI.

What I write to the Queen will acquit me, if you please, in all things towards you, and here I hope, without wearying you, only to have the [good fortune] to continue [ ] in your discretion and favour.

By these despatches, not in cipher, I make known to you my resolution in all that may concern me, chiefly for the Queen's service. So long as Glamis remains there, the cruelty wherewith he has always treated me ought to have been only too evident a token to you of his malice and ill-will towards you, his extreme spite against you, as I have been again warned since my return, and that he seeks surreptitiously all possible means to seduce Gray, and to develope the plot which he makes with H[unsdon] to remove you from her majesty: it is earnestly desired to have some other of [her] country in her service.

He well knows that you wished to make use of me to combat him, and that the occasion of the office wherewith you have caused me to be honoured is to throw dust in his eyes. Now do not doubt that he will do his utmost to be avenged; witness—for myself personally —the favours that he has done me with Guise, into whose service, notwithstanding all that you have written to me, I did not wish [ ]. I am quite resolved not to pledge myself in any wise, as well in respect of [ ], who has entire ascendancy over him as for the great appearance that there is of the ruin of that house. I content myself with the past, and refuse to return to it again. No evil has happened to me so far, thanks to God and the edict of peace, but I have been in the greatest danger; those who in imagination built my tomb, &c., or at the very least a perpetual banishment from France, urge and persuade you with all their might to send me travelling; and not content with the dangers and the ignominious death to which, by your own confession, I exposed myself for the Queen's service in my Spanish journey, triumphed and scoffed to see me repeatedly constrained to undertake this quest without the knowledge and consent of the Queen, notwithstanding my remonstrance to the contrary.

I do not wish to boast to you of my submissive obedience, of my life and death willingly placed in your power, knowing well your disposition; that for [myself] I shall be [glad] that those who are offended at the great friendship which you bear me may [suppress] only that which you [receive] under colour of diminishing the weight of remonstrance, to find means to rid themselves of my journeys, although, thank God, they cannot attain their end, I giving them no subject for slander, [though] they wish me to deserve the evil interpretation that on this occasion you have put upon my letters. This was the reason that you did not give such credit to them as for your safety and for mine—the Queen wishing henceforward to dispose of me—it is necessary that you should give to me, as to him who has the chief interest therein. Consider within yourselves, besides this danger that I am in, the edict of peace, that I had to escape the hands of an executioner, [and] the loss of my fortune at this court, so long as [the Queen] shall live to contribute to an extreme mistrust of me, as you may know from M. de Gauvespure, Arnault, Pasquier and others of my friends whom I have wished to employ, and to whom I have expressed my intention never to pine away at court, but without any contest to let my fortune lie for a time, during which the impression that my journeys have made may fade; they have rendered me suspicious in the highest degree, as are all those who are esteemed partisans of the Spaniard.

For this reason it was resolved to banish me from court for a year or two; in order, however, not to remain useless, I betook myself to the research for that which was most fitting to my profession: I might have found it, but it is a thing which can with difficulty be recommended, it is too troublesome to produce elation; finally, having presented [ ].

Since Saturday last I have been on the point of stopping him, as I still am, as I wrote to you without cipher. My brothers and my friends quite approve of it, and urge me to it to the utmost; Mons. de Ruisseau also approves of it; finally I have also thought it fitting.

[For my brother] personally, I think that he is writing to you fully, [with the reverence due] to you, to believe that of him which shall seem least suspicious to you. The experience that I had of him last year on a similar occasion makes me think that the arrest of my fortune here is in no wise agreeable to him, yet must he know nothing of my advancement, nor the benefits which I have received, and do receive from you, paternal master. I will never do him wrong, loving him, after you, as dearly as my other brothers; and in fact [ ].

You [received] this English gentleman named Rolston, of whom you wrote to me, and who is now here. Paris.

1⅓ pp. French. Cipher deciphered. Indorsed.

2. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [July 2.]

Was driven in his last despatch to run over some dealings between the Master [of Gray] and Arran, who seeks to win the Master from the rest, by the mediation of his brother Sir William Stewart. The matter has fallen out in this manner:—

On Thursday last, the King being at the preaching, they spoke together by Sir William's travail, the Master taking with him a brother, and the earl taking Sir William, as witnesses of their talk, lest their speeches might be misconstrued. They awaited each other to begin. At last Arran with an evil countenance began, protesting how much he esteemed the Master, and that the friendship formerly between them was first broken by him, but that for his part he was willing that all bygones might be forgotten.

The Master replied, and disproved all his allegations, grounded only on reports out of England, and returned the cause of the breach upon Arran. The end of their speaking was that the Master should enter into band of amity with him against all men, and he would deal with the King to discharge them all, which he could not otherwise in honour renounce. The Master answered that he had never given his band to any man living, nor bound himself by oath to any save the King his Master, neither would he begin the same, esteeming his word—when he saw cause to give the same—as good as his band.

Since Arran and he had had evil opinion each of the other, he, for his part, was desirous that some better proof might be had of their friendship in some particulars, as occasion should offer, before they banded together. Since he [Arran] had entered into bands with others, which he was loth to break, himself had given his promise to sundry, and would not "garre" him break his promise. This he considered to be the best kind of friendship.

Arran could draw him to no other terms, so seemed to stand contented, so long as the Master promised not to disgrace him to the King, which he granted so far as he should see him not to temper anything prejudicial to the King's service or the hindrance of any of his friends. In these terms they departed without further hope of reconciliation, notwithstanding Arran's labour with the King to draw the Master to renounce all kind of amity with others. This the King refused to require of the Master.

After Arran's departure the Master acquainted "27" [the Secretary] and "40" [Justice Clerk] with the whole conference, and they agreed that in case Arran should seek to sow suspicion between them by false bruits, they would reveal to each other every night what they had heard to be practised against any of them.

Was acquainted with this much by the Master to inform him [Walsingham] thereof, lest Arran might report the same to his most advantage. The Master was loth to enter into speech with Arran, but could not refuse it, Arran seeking it by his brother, and the King having willed the same, lest the King, upon Arran's complaint, should believe that all his former tales were true, and that the Master intended some mischief against him, and be drawn to take up the matter between them, which would be to the Master's disadvantage.

Since the meeting the Master has been informed that Sir William triumphed hereon, and said to some friends that the Master's throat would be cut within ten days. It is apparent that the earl's drift is but security, but the Master purposes to stand more on his guard than ever, and hopes to entrap them in their own snares. "21," Atholl, (fn. 1) Bothwell (fn. 1) and "22" are expected here before the end of next week, and are at first to outwardly (fn. 1) carry good countenance to "19" [Arran]; but afterwards by some complaint to "10" [the King] to join against him, and the Master and the rest "to look through their fingers" (fn. 1) and take no knowledge of all that falls out. Of that will advertise him further as things happen. Falkland. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

3 pp. Addressed. Indorsed by Walsingham. Partly in cipher.

3. Walsingham to William Fletewoode, Recorder of London. Elizabeth. [July 2. 1585.] S.P. Dom. Eliz., vol. CLXXX.

Sir, I understand by the secondary of London, that there is a writ of habeas corpus, directed out for the removing of one Herle out of Newgate to receive his trial at the assizes which are now to be kept in the county of Oxon. And for that the said Herle is charged to have been privy with one Foljambe and Tunstall to a certain pretence for conveying away of the Scottish Queen at such time as she was in the Earl of Shrewsbury's custody, though I have not thought good to stay him—lest I should seem to hinder the course of justice— yet do I think meet he should be, before his going down, examined by you upon the inclosed articles, which examination by you taken I pray you to send unto me, to the end that I may acquaint her majesty's Council there withal.

And so I commit you to God. Greenwich. Signed: Fra. Walsyngham.

½ p. Addressed, "To my very lovinge freend Sergant Fleitwood, Recorder of the citye of London." Indorsed, "Hast post, hast with all diligence."

(Inclosure with the same.)

Articles to be ministered to John Hearle.

1. Whether he doth not know one Godfrey Foljambe sometime solicitor to the Countess of Shrewsbury, and how long he hath known him, and when he did last see him.

2. Whether at the same time he had no communication with him touching the Scottish Queen.

3. Whether he was not made acquainted with a practice for her escape out of the Earl of Shrewsbury's hand.

4. Who were made acquainted with the said practice, at what time should the same have been executed, and in what sort.

5. Whether one Tunstall was not acquainted with the same, and one Leyton.

6. When he did receive any letters either from Tunstall or Foljambe, and what the same letters did import.

½ p. Indorsed: "Articles to be ministred to John Hearle." 2nd July 1585.

4. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [July 5.]

Desiring to send away one of his garrison men, here with him now, was willing to inform him that he has received the articles, and since then another packet. How far he has dealt, and the success or otherwise of his dealings, purposes to reserve for another despatch which he hopes to send at large before many days. Has been told by Collingwood that Dieppe should be delivered over to the Cardinal of Bourbon, and Boulogne and Bullonese to the Duke of Guise. It is also reported by others. Finds it strange news, so prays to be kept acquainted from time to time with the French proceedings, both for his own credit and for the satisfaction of people here. Was also informed by him that Arran had offered service there, but was not yet accepted, being held in suspicion. Whatever he does, the King's constancy makes him hope for a good end to the matter now in hand.

Will inform him of this more fully in his next. From Falkland— where the King purposes to remain, and not to go to St. Andrews. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

Postscript.—The Convention appointed for the answer to the Danish ambassador is at Cupar, six miles hence, which by reason of the plague at Edinburgh and other parts will not be great. The King means to ride thither and return hither still to bed.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed.

5. David Boyd to Archibald Douglas. [July 5.]

"Efter my hartlie reqmodationis of service, it vill pleis your lordship notvithstanding of my small acquentens vitt your lordship, I haif tane ye hardeis to derect yes feu lynis to your lordship in consederatioun of ye guid vill and freindschep I knau to haif past betuix your lordship and my lord my father, as in lykwayis ye greit ametie yat hes bein at all tymis past betuix your lordship's honorable freindis and myne. I vill pray your lordship to assist me vitt your lordships favour and guid vill in my adois, lyk as I haif informit ye beirar heirof frome poynt to poynt, to partecipat and declair to your lordship in respect of ye sufficentnes of ye beirar. I vald nott wreit perticularlei to your lordship of my affaris bot hes omittit ye haill to his informatioun. Assuring your lordship yat at all tymis your lordship sall find me redie to be imployit to your lordship's service as knauis ye eternall God, to quhais protectioun and saifgard I commit your lordship. Frome Baveir." Signed: David Boyd.

Postscript.—"Patreik cane informe your lordship of ye estait of yis cuntrie beter nor I am able to wreit."

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed.

6. William Fletewoode, Recorder of London, to Walsingham. [July 7.] S.P. Dom. Eliz., vol. CLXXX.

Right honourable sir, on Saturday evening I examined young Herle of certain articles.

On Sunday I sent the same unto you by one of credit, who this morning returned the same unto me undelivered, and said that he had forgotten them.

I beseech your honour to pardon me, and from henceforth I will be warned of negligent messengers.

Sir, not only myself but all the bench at Newgate do most humbly thank you for furthering the examination of Awfeld who used himself most traitorously against her majesty. Our Lord preserve your honour. Signed: W. Fletewoode.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

Inclosure with the same:—

Depositions of John Herle.

John Herle of St. Anton Harcourt in the county of Oxon, gent., aged thirty three years or thereabouts, examined the 3rd of July 1585.

To the first article he says that he very well knows Godfrey Foljambe, servant and solicitor to the Countess of Shrewsbury, and has known him for the space of two years and a half or thereabouts, and saw him not since he departed the realm, which was about two years past.

To the second, he denies that he had ever any talk or speech with the said Godfrey Foljambe touching the Scottish Queen.

To the third, he denies that he was ever made acquainted with any practice for her escape out of the Earl of Shrewsbury's hands.

To the fourth, fifth and sixth articles, he knows not anything touching the same, saving that he was acquainted with Tunstall, named in the fifth article.

And being further examined as to what other matter he knows either touching the Queen's most excellent majesty or the Queen of Scots or the estate of this realm, he denies that he knows any matter of importance touching the same. Signed: Jh. Herle.

After this examination taken the said Herle asked me whether he should be sworn to this his answer, and I telling him that he was to be be sworn to the same, he made request that he might not be sworn. Signed: W. Fletewoode.

1 p. Indorsed: "Hearle's Examination."

7. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [July 8.]

Before I acquainted the King with the articles of the treaty I thought fit to send them first to the Secretary, of whose sincerity I have good proof since my abode here. He advised me to impart them in a private manner to the King the following morning, so that he having seen and allowed them, might show them to his Council, who afterwards would not readily dislike them for fear of offending him. I followed this counsel and privately in his gallery delivered the King a fair copy of the project I received. We conferred the one with the other, and so deliberately read them through. After a little arguing upon them I satisfied him, so that, according to his former constancy, he not only assented thereto and allowed of them as a necessary ground for a firm league to be built upon between her majesty and him in these times, but himself—specially led by the first article in the project—without communicating with his councillors offered to join her majesty in persuading other Princes to a general defence of religion, as by his express letter, offered me by himself, sent herewith to her, he signifies. I gave him the copy, and so left him to advise with the Secretary, from whom I hear that he is so well satisfied with them that he said if himself had penned them at his commandment they could not have been better set down to his mind.

It is arranged at the convening of the nobility at Cupar about the answer to be given to the Danish ambassadors—which I hope will be despatched within the next fortnight—that the States shall be acquainted with the articles, not for the purpose of seeking further advice, but to signify them that the King looking into the state of the world has thought it very expedient to join with her majesty and other Princes professing the religion for the defence of each other, and so good a cause.

Therefore the Queen and he having considered upon certain articles, he has yielded his consent and good liking of them, as a fit ground to build a firm league upon between them for the time to come. For this cause he will require them to assent thereto, and to give him full power to appoint such qualified persons as he thinks fit to give his commission to meet on the Borders, with the like from her majesty for concluding a league according to the ground set down. The King assures himself that it will not be withstood.

It behoves him to have it approved of there, both for his own reputation, and the better standing of the league hereafter. I know this is the Secretary's doing and counsel, for he himself is well affected to the cause, and desires to have the same substantially performed.

The King accepts in most thankful sort her majesty's princely meaning towards him touching the yearly pension for his better support, as an argument of her special care over him and regard of his estate. He says he will rest at her majesty's commandment, protesting he would not have accepted a far greater matter of any Prince in the world in so hearty and thankful a manner as he will receive this from her majesty's hands. I therefore desire to know her majesty's further pleasure, in what sort, and when the payment thereof is to begin, as I look to be pressed therein here, since I have now made the offer and put them in expectation of it, and expect your honour's answer out of hand. News came last Tuesday that Maxwell had taken the Laird of Johnstone. The King is of opinion he has been taken voluntarily that he might capitulate thereupon with Maxwell beforehand, to wind themselves out of the present broils. By that means they might compound, and the King seeing them agreed would the more easily remit matters common between them. It is suspected that Johnstone used this policy, and Maxwell liked it well, to wind them out of the present broils, one finding small hope of redress at court, and the other to recover his peace. If the conjecture is false it is thought that Johnstone is but in hard handling.

The King is not yet willing to hear anything on behalf of the lords in England. By the advice of the Master [of Gray] and other friends of theirs, I have not hitherto delivered their petition to him. They are of opinion I should forbear that matter as long as I can forbear of distempering the King's present good humour.

So far I have spoken only as of myself, as I was advised, and not upon any special direction from her majesty; which counsel I find was best for their cause, for I understand that since I last spoke with him on the subject the King told the Master and the Secretary what speeches passed between us about the lords, saying that he feared I would press him for them before I departed.

The Master, who wishes them well, seeing him so alienated from them, dare not move him on behalf of his aunt Lady Gowry, for whom he would deal as willingly as for his mother, loving her so dearly that he relieves her and her children on his own charges. Does not despair, however, but that in time her majesty's credit may soon be able to do good for both.

The Danish ambassadors are at St. Andrews, and there attend the convention at Cupar for their answer and despatch. They have no other matters than those already propounded. Falkland. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

3 pp. Addressed. Indorsed: "The overture of the pension made and thankfully taken." Also indorsed by Walsingham: "From Mr. Wotton."

8. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. Elizabeth [July 8. 1585.]

Since the last conference the Master [of Gray] and Arran have outwardly carried better countenance to each other than before. The world wonders at the sudden reconciliation pretended, but few or none are of opinion any goodness is meant by it on either side. Arran, not finding himself yet contented, assures himself of no security thereby, and has tried several times since to draw the matter between them to better terms.

On Monday last Sir William [Stewart] went again to the Master, seeming scarcely satisfied with the last agreement, requesting more assurance of friendship for himself and his brother, but the Master refused. The earl hereupon acquainted the King and prayed him to will the Master to band with him. But the Master had prevented that before and got a promise from the King never to force him to such a course. In these terms they yet abide outwardly, but each stands on his guard more than before. Arran at first sought to band himself with the Secretary and Justice Clerk and leave out the Master of Gray, but he now seeks to band with the Master and leave out the others.

The Earl of Huntly is lately come hither. Arran follows him "at an inch" from here to Cupar, where he lies, and thence hither, entertaining him with all the means he can to win him from the Master, at whose direction he is wholly, notwithstanding. This earl is a Papist, yet content to run his Master's course, and loves the Master of Gray and the Secretary with all his heart, for whose sakes he has come. For all Arran's familiarity with him, hard words have of late passed between them.

Earl Bothwell with 30 horse has come over the water and is now at Dundee, the Earl of Crawford with him. Knows not what will become of them. It is thought that Bothwell seeks the King's favour through Arran, and his inconstancy is somewhat suspected by the rest. Huntly is to go with Arran in a day or two to Kenyle, where his wife has been since their leaving Edinburgh. Presumes that the States, at the Convention, will allow of the project and satisfy the King about naming commissioners. Would therefore like to hear her majesty's pleasure therein, both as to the time and place of meeting, and the persons. If she refers it to the King first, the Secretary will see that fit persons are named here. Falkland. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed.

9. Thomas Milles to Mr. Archibald Douglas. [July 9.]

Refers him to the Secretary if he desires to know the state of the world here. The King has received the articles so well that he trusts others will make the less difficulty over them. The issues for which they now only wait will be seen at the convention next at hand, to be held at Cupar. That past, and the King's consent allowed, sees no reason for detaining the ambassador here any longer, as the rest is to be handled by commissioners on the Borders.

Deems it an impossibility for any good to be done on behalf of the lords while Arran has credit to do them harm. The ambassador has dealt in the matter at sundry times, but as yet sees small comfort. To remove him [Arran] by violence has not been approved, but despairs of its being done by fair means. After his manner and factions tions he possesses the King for ill purposes, as far as the rest for good. If any other course be taken in hand it will not be till their departure, therefore the best affected wish them good success and a speedy despatch.

The King likes the ambassador [Wotton] and his doings. His credit holds Arran to good behaviour and binds the rest to the peace, but when his back is turned is persuaded that the earl's own insolence would "heap coals on his head, at one hand or other." For himself, finds he [Arran] and his wife love him so well that he would wish the ambassador to abide here these seven years, before any harm befell him. For the opinion of the men at Newcastle, sees less reason for it than when he last wrote. At the least, places it as the uttermost refuge of all.

Cuthbert Armorer arrived from Berwick two days ago, and showed him the letter written by him [Douglas]. All his cunning cannot wring a letter from him, but he prayed him to do it on his behalf. Excused himself upon other business, but promised to entreat him to remember his suit. Falkland. Signed: Tho: Milles.

1 p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

10. James VI. to Elizabeth. [July 9.]

"Minute of the King of Scotts to her majesty shewing his acceptation of the articles of the league."

The articles of a new treaty and league which your ambassador here has delivered into our hands we like well, and think them fittest and most likely ground for our mutual sureties to be built on, the necessity of this time touching us alike, so craving, and the motion of the same being that religion in the profession whereof we both, since our coronations, have found the favour of our God effectually assisting and preserving us against so many dangers wherewith both our persons and estates have been threatened—for the abolishing whereof, seeing the long covered pretences of the Pope and other Princes, his adherents, begin now to disclose their meaning, we think ourselves bound in Christian duty to prevent the prosecution thereof, by opponing thereunto remedies granted to us by God, both for the surety of so great a benefit in our time, and the continuance thereof to our posterity. Wherefore when you shall think good to direct some express messenger to any foreign Prince for his concurrence in this cause, we will request you very earnestly to let us be acquainted both with the man and with 'samekill' of his commission and instructions as concerns that errand, to the intent that upon sight thereof we may authorise him with the same from us, and thereby give demonstration to the world of the sincerity of our meaning and 'afauld' joining in that cause.

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 302.

1¹/8 pp. Copy. No indorsement.

Original of the same. Indorsed by Walsingham.

11. Edward Wotton to Elizabeth. [July 9.]

Most gracious sovereign, by the King's letter sent herewith, your majesty may see how well he likes the articles proponed by your highness. I doubt not he will be found as ready to ratify the league itself when it shall be reduced to perfect form by your commissioners and his.

I have acquainted the King with your majesty's pleasure touching the yearly support, which he accepts in very thankful sort, respecting much the gift, but the giver a thousand times more, and says he makes greater account of it, as given by your highness, than he would do of the gift of any other Prince in the world, though it were of far greater value. This much he desired me to signify unto your highness from him.

Now I am on my knees most humbly to crave your majesty's favour— seeing in the matter of the league no other thing can be well done till the commissioners meet,—that I may obtain your good leave to return, the which I more earnestly crave for that I am desirous to see my sick father before he die. If your majesty shall resolve to keep an agent in this country to reside here for all events, in my simple opinion, here are in my company two gentlemen, either of them able and sufficient to do your highness good service, and with less charge to your majesty than you can be served by any ambassador. I mean Mr. Fairfax and Mr. Milles, in whose commendation I would write more were they not well known to your Majesty. Thus hoping that my humble suit shall find grace in your sight, the rather for my old sick father's sake, I from my heart wish your highness the greatest "heith" of happiness that ever Prince enjoyed. Falkland. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

1 p. Holograph, also address: "To her Majesty." Indorsed by Walsingham.

12. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [July 9.]

Desires to know whether he may acquaint "10" [the King], "39" [the Master of Gray], "40" [Justice Clerk] or any other with the means by which the support is increased. Will then do as he directs. Those best affected to the distressed lords here agree that it is not a fit time to deal for them. As long as "19" [Arran] keeps the Court there is no hope for them to recover their country, much less the King's favour.

Nothing can be done in the matter of the league till the commissioners meet, therefore begs that he will be a mean to the Queen for his return. Mr. Fairfax or Mr. Milles would serve well if her majesty desires to entertain an agent in the country, as they are wise, discreet, and trusty gentlemen known to him, and therefore need not his recommendation. Again beseeches him to mediate with the Queen for his revocation, Falkland. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

1 p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

13. Sir Amias Powlet and Mr. Thomas Gresley to Walsingham. [July 10.] C.P., vol. XVI.

This bearer, naming himself Thomas Tayler, of Whittington, finding him [the writer] yesterday evening at the gate of the castle, delivered him this little paper book inclosed. Found on perusing thereof and entering into further communication with him, that after he had served many masters in this realm he roved beyond the seas, and spent six or seven years in France and Italy. On returning two years ago or thereabouts he had been very careful to entertain his credit with the Papists of these parts, and for that purpose had travelled from one shire to another, to no other end, as he said, than to know them that he might discover them. Among other things, he told him that he was born within two miles of the Earl of Shrewsbury's house at Wingfield, and that his mother, yet living, and his elder brother were tenants to the said earl.

Comparing these things together he could not persuade himself to think well of this man, doubting lest his coming hither had been grounded upon some treachery, and that he had some practice in hand for these people under his charge. Committed him, without pretence of suspicion, to a chamber in this castle. Sent to Mr. Greysley to have his assistance in his proceeding herein.

He tells them that his desire was to have made his repair to him [Walsingham], but doubting the goodness of his horse, came to him, Amias Powlet, and said that on his first return out of France he was brought before him [Walsingham], by John de Vigo, and having then "uttered" to him the whole course of his life in like sort as now, was employed by him to discover the doings of the Papists; which he did in Norfolk and Suffolk to the best of his power.

Caused him to be searched, and finding no appearance that his coming hither was for any evil meaning, they thought good to advise him to make his repair to him. This they did the more willingly, because they find that he can inform him touching one Daniel Morton, who intends to go shortly to the Court in Scotland, and was willing to have the company of this man on his journey.

Likewise he will advertise him of one James Harrison [in the margin: "Anth. Babington"] a seminary priest, and of one John Bencrofte, a coiner of money, affirming that these two pieces inclosed were coined by him. Tutbury Castle. Signed: A. Powlet. Tho. Gresley.

1 p. In the hand of Sir Amias Powlet. Addressed. Indorsed.

14. Thomas Morgan to Mary. [July 10.] C.P., vol. XVI.

Whilst God gave me liberty, whereof I am injuriously deprived, your state and service were with me in the first place, and I do not forget your majesty in the state I am in. And verily the greatest grief I have is to understand that your service and intelligence are discontinued. But if I had been at liberty—I have been a prisoner these five months almost—your intelligence should have been renewed before this time, although I find that the tyranny of the time in England has brought those both at home and abroad to a marvellous fear, and with that I find amongst them no good comfort, whereat I am full sorry.

I heard some days before I was taken prisoner that your majesty was to be removed to Tutbury, and Sir Amias Powlet should attend upon your majesty. Whereupon, for care of your service, I wrote forthwith to Mr. Christopher Blunt, having some charge thereabouts, to have special respect to the honour and service of your majesty. Since which time I have heard that he has been about Tutbury to view the state of the country and people thereabouts, and to frame intelligence with your majesty. For, about fifteen days past or thereabouts, there arrived here a special messenger from London, sent hither expressly by Mr. Blunt to me with letters, declaring by the same that he was bound to serve and honour the only saint that he knows living upon the ground—so he termed your majesty— and that means would be found to make an intelligence with your majesty. Wherein he had [laboured], and would labour though it cost him his life, and that he should not be discovered, and to send him some instructions for your majesty's better service, declaring withal that he was much grieved to hear of my captivity.

This bringer of Blunt's letter is a gentleman named Robert Poley. I am still a prisoner, and he could not be permitted to have access to me, being straitly handled by this State all this while, and deprived of all access of friends to me or intelligence, but what I get by charges and extraordinary means.

This Poley "rencontred" here with an Englishman who loved me well, and "entered" to talk with him of me, asked for Barasino, and confessed that he had some things of importance to deliver to me, whereof I was advertised. And perceiving that he did know Barasino, I sent to the said Poley to deliver whatsoever he had for me to the said Barasino. Which Poley refused to do, declaring that he would not deliver his charge to any one living till he spoke with myself or heard me speak.

Some friends have begun to doubt the said Poley was sent by England to practise my death in prison by one means or other, and so "dehorted" me to speak with him or to accept anything from him. To which persuasion I gave no place, lest he might have some matter of consequence to declare to me for your majesty's service, of whom I dreamed the night before this news came. So that when I saw I could not be permitted, and that, on the other side, he would not deliver my letters but to my own hands, I found the means to have him conducted as near as might be to the window of the chamber where I am a prisoner, and through the window I spoke so much to him as satisfied him. At last he delivered the letters where I appointed, and so they came to my hands with ample instructions of the state of England. All which I imparted with speed to your ambassador and to Hert [in the margin—Paget], and prayed Hert to communicate the same to Mendoza, that they might all consider the letters and hope of service offered to your majesty. Which was done that your majesty might be the better informed both in your private affairs and of the state of the world, besides, by them.

And now at the departure of De l'Aubespine and Arnault to England they will all write, I trust, to your majesty, and I do what I can to find means in England to make all their letters come to your hands, wherein I have tried many good and honest personages.

De l'Aubespine has used me friendly and courteously in this captivity through good information he had of me by many good and honourable personages of this realm. And amongst others D'Antrague persuaded De l'Aubespine very well of me, and dealt with the King and Queen Mother for me as soon as I was prisoner, so that I hold myself much beholden to D'Antrague.

Arnault has dealt friendly with me at this time, and so many good personages have put to their hands for me. Hereafter I shall most humbly pray your majesty to thank De l'Aubespine for me when your intelligence with him shall be well settled. And as for Arnault, I pray your majesty to let him know that his good offices done towards me are agreeable to your majesty.

I have been, and still am marvellously assaulted by the "malice" of England and their partakers, who I hope shall have a fall at last. And by these troubles of mine, whereof all the world is informed, I am made notorious, and specially in this Court and country, yet all for the best, I hope, although God knows I had rather have past less known to have served God and your majesty and my country in a private state with less bruit of me than is at present.

To the end I might the better try the negotiation of the gentleman sent hither to me by Blunt—for I am always jealous of such as depend on or have to do with Leicester, unless I know them full well—I found means, though to my charges, to speak secretly with Poley, wherewith he seemed marvellously well pleased, for that divers reports were in England that I was not alive, but despatched away. The adversaries trouble many in prison, and some others at liberty, making them afraid that their letters were taken in my lodging upon my apprehension, and sent by this King to gratify the Queen of England. But thanks be to God they had not "only" [any] writing or letter to hurt any in the world, but after their old manner they have forged some writings, by all appearance, to terrify the good people of England whom they suspect and hate as they do good people. And so upon conference and conclusion with the said Poley I found nothing but that he meant well, and a catholic he shows himself to be, and much disposed to see some happy and speedy reformation in that state, that Poley is at Blunt's devotion, that I was a means under God to preserve Blunt's life, and that I have been his good friend otherwise, and indeed his letters now sent me acknowledge the same, so I have no cause but to conceive [well] both of Blunt, for the testimony of his dutiful care of your majesty, and of Poley, for his pains taken, though he did not know the contents of Blunt's letter and disposition to serve your majesty. But I have returned Poley in fine well contented and confirmed, I hope, to serve your majesty in all he may. But I wrote not one line with him, but signified that Blunt should hear from me by some other means.

This Blunt is a tall gentleman and valiant, and has been well brought up by his careful and devout parents, who are good catholics. This Blunt is of an ancient house, and his father, who was kin to Leicester, honoured him and his father much for a long time, but was by both most ungratefully requited in the end. Yet because Leicester is a great tyrant in the realm where catholics are so plagued, this Blunt and his brother being both catholics, and their mother a notable honest gentlewoman, they are all forced, to their great charges, to fawn upon Leicester to see if thereby they may live quiet, and not be continually troubled for their faith and consciences. And by Leicester's means they have been more quietly handled than some others, and this is the reason they have in this time followed Leicester, which God knows has been chargeable to them, for Leicester is not born to do good to God's people.

This Christopher Blunt has been heretofore partaker of your majesty's favours in this country, and courteously used by means of your friends and servants. And being well persuaded of his faith and honesty, I have these years past entertained friendship with him in hope that he might at the least, by reason of his place about Leicester, serve some friendly turn. Whereunto he shows himself now more resolute than heretofore, and to adventure to some actions, having sent me an alphabet at this time, and demanded some instructions at my hands for your majesty's better service. And truly I am persuaded that you shall have faithful service at his hands, and means to continue your intelligence in all places. And great privilege have those through the realm who be "towards" Leicester in these days, whereby they may do your majesty better service, being otherwise assured to your majesty, as I hold him to be; and another who is specially recommended to you, who is also about Leicester, whose name is W. Grene, a good catholic also, and follows Leicester to seek thereby quietness to live a Christian life, as many catholics more follow the counsellors in the same State in hope of favour thereby for matters of conscience.

I have, upon the consideration abovesaid, being thoroughly persuaded of Blunt's fidelity towards your majesty, prayed Charles Paget to recommend Blunt to De l'Aubespine. For I see and find to my grief what fear is entered into the people of that realm to intermeddle with any action. And therefore, seeing we cannot have such as were to be wished, we must take such as we can get. Yet you may assure yourself that Blunt is a gentleman and will be faithful to you, and may, perhaps, draw others worth the having to serve your majesty.

The Lord Mountjoy, who is a baron of that realm, is come of this house of the Blunts, or they of his house, and so are good friends and kinsmen. But the said Lord Mountjoy's father was decayed much before his death. Yet he and his brother live in that Court, and may, perhaps, be drawn by Blunt's means to your majesty's service. Wherein, and in all other points necessary for the furtherance of your majesty's service every way, I have given ample instructions to Blunt, and sent the same to him by De l'Aubespine; and he or De Cherelles will deliver my letters to Blunt, whereto I have adjoined a few lines to your majesty, and commended the same to his convoy to confirm the confidence I repose in him, though indeed the said letters are of no moment. Yet on the receipt thereof your majesty may entertain him and send him an alphabet, and tell him that long since, and of late, you have been well informed by a good servant of yours whom you credit of his great goodwill borne towards you. For which you may thank him and so treat him further according to your majesty's wisdom.

Leicester will alter his mind about Blunt, because he knows him to be a catholic. But if he be sent I have warned and prayed him earnestly to deal with your son to beware of Leicester and all the practices of England, and to join himself in faith and league with the Christian Kings and Princes who honoured and loved your majesty and him; and further that he should by all means honour, serve and obey your majesty and the Kings and Princes catholic, and not those of England, who are heretics, and seek the ruin of your majesty and him.

I wrote also to Blunt that he should be in hand with your son to write to your majesty and assure you of his service with all obedience. And I prayed Blunt in that behalf to offer your son all humble service.

Having written thus far, I perceived that the Duke of Guise was come to the King. Whereupon I wrote to him by Charles Paget specially to respect your state and your son, and so prayed him further to consider of some means to have your majesty better supported and comforted forted in this furious time in England; and further added that your state required the same more at present than heretofore.

And lastly I prayed him to further my liberty, wherein I understand that he dealt with the King and his mother and others earnestly at several times.

If I had been sent to England Monsieur d'Aumale was prepared to receive me by the way. For all which favours I beseech your majesty most humbly to thank the Duke of Guise and Monsieur d'Aumale when you may, and my Lord of Glasgow for his disposition in this cause towards me. But because you have no alphabet with Monsieur d'Aumale, I pray your majesty command [the Archbishop of] Glasgow in your name to thank Monsieur d'Aumale and all the rest of the Princes of your blood who have employed themselves to relieve me out of this captivity; wherein Charles Paget and Thomas Throgmorton never abandoned me, though they were very like to have tasted of the same fortune that I now do. It shall comfort me much, though they be my friends, if it shall please your majesty to let Paget and Throgmorton know that the good offices done to me in this time be grateful to your majesty.

The Cardinal of Guise did not go to Rome, as I wrote once to your majesty. For he is in this Court, and both the Cardinal of Bourbon and he have employed themselves for me towards the King and the Queen Mother. Lately, in this captivity, I received this alphabet inclosed from [Anthony] Standen. For the time to come let this mark stand for the name of Blunt.

The custody of the Lord Paget's money has done me some displeasure for the bruit that is passed thereof through all places, with addition of the sum ten times more than it was indeed. And, what is worst of all, the world thinks that the said money was my own store, and therefore have the less compassion for my charges in this captivity. And further a jealous conceit is entered into the heads of many of the English in banishment and in distress that the said money [was] your own, and that I should have imparted the same to the service of their turns. Into which vain opinion my friend Charles Arundell grossly and unkindly fell. But as I shall answer to God at the Day of Judgment and before your majesty in chis life, all the money taken in my lodging was the goods of the Lord Paget, and, thanks be to God, restored at this present [time] to the custody of my lord of Glasgow to the use of the said Lord Paget, except 200 crowns of my own that were taken in my study and about me when I was apprehended, which were gone soon in that broil, and to find means to relieve myself and my business. For whatsoever I had, being at liberty, I take God to witness it was always common for God's service and yours and the people who suffered for that quarrel, who had more from me than I preserved to my own use.

I thank your majesty most humbly I am not ignorant of your state; and knowing the same, as I do with grief, you may be assured that I should not have retained so many thousand crowns in my possession if the same had been my own. But I would most willingly have employed them for your majesty and for many other great causes importing your majesty and your service, whereof I have more care, and ever shall, than of my private. Which I beseech your majesty to believe of a truth. So it is, as I shall be saved at the dreadful Day of Judgment.

And because this captivity of mine grows to length of time and [is] withal chargeable, and that I have no support but your majesty nor except any elsewhere, I beseech your majesty most humbly to think of me for the better discharge of my credit here, where I have been forced to take up some money here of my good friend Mr. Thomas Somersett, which, indeed, was to be employed otherwise, and so shall be, God willing, as soon as I shall be able to make restitution, which I cannot do without your majesty's help.

I perceive, to my grief, that Mr. Thomas Somerset is a close prisoner in the Tower. God comfort him.

I do not know what your majesty has done in recompense of De Courcelles' service; but he has been in this country these three months past, and now detains in his hands 200 crowns which I procured to be distributed to charitable use at the request of my good friend Doctor Atslowe. For which money I am here answerable, but cannot as yet get one sol thereof from De Courcelles. Wherefore I am forced to bear with him, for I would not irritate him, having been acquainted with your service and travailed therein. And it would seem that he is disposed to take these 200 crowns as parcel of recompense if he still detains the same. I cannot make great instance for them to offend him, lest thus I should do much more harm thereby to your majesty's service, which in all state and condition of mine I will not forget. Wherefore, if your majesty shall please to bestow anything on him hereafter, I pray you to let the ordinance for the same come to my hands to be delivered to De Courcelles. By that means I may, perhaps, have some "reason" for the said 200 crowns for which I am here engaged. Otherwise I must be contented with the loss thereof, though I grant that I wish Courcelles much good for his honest deportments in the place where he was "towards" your service.

Charles Paget lived very private here these years past, but since my troubles, and for the recovery of my Lord Paget's money, he was forced to travel about this Court, and so at last recovered the money, and won some more good acquaintance thereby, and about the solicitation of my liberty. Yet he writes to me that he would go away hence if I were at liberty.

This is the place of France for him to do your majesty service, and therefore your majesty may require him to reside here, unless you know how to bestow him more necessarily for your service.

The said Poley's voyage and charges hither were for your majesty's service, whereof we here were bound to consider for the better hope of some better service to follow hereafter, which I recommended to my lord of Glasgow and to Paget. Whereupon my lord of Glasgow delivered of his own 30 pistolets to Paget to be delivered to the said Poley, and he has received the same and is gone to England, where he promised Paget to do some good offices, and prayed him to assure me thereof, for I could not be permitted to speak with him but once, as I told you already.

I must confess I was the cause wherefore the said pistolets were bestowed upon him. For which boldness and liberty of mine for the service of your majesty, I beseech you most humbly to pardon me, and to give order that my lord of Glasgow be answered again for the same, which I hope will bring forth some service to your majesty. I have promised by my writing to the said lord of Glasgow to save him harmless, which I trust your majesty will do by repayment of the said sum, according to his expectation and my promise made in that behalf.

Your majesty's affairs are recommended by the King and his mother to De l'Aubespin. The King has broken the edict for liberty of religion granted to the Huguenots, which will not please England.

Notwithstanding the instance made for my liberty, the King continues somewhat slow therein. But God will send me the same when it shall please Him, to whose will I remit the matter.

Of other particularities touching the world you shall be informed by my lord of Glasgow and other your good servants who are at liberty and know the same better than I do.

As soon as you shall have means your majesty shall do well to write to Mendoza about your money so long expected and not come yet, though I have solicited him by my letters from this place. Written where I am prisoner, the 20th of July.

Postscript.—De l'Aubespine will not hold intelligence with Paget, and knows which way to send to me, though I am in prison.

To make De l'Aubespine the better disposed to your service I have done my best to help him in his particular in England, and as I hear of his good and commendable deportments towards your majesty, I have promised him to help him for that hereafter.

I would to God there were [means] to pacify Charles Arundel for the rest of his money or some part thereof.

I most humbly recommend Thomas Throgmorton's decayed estate to your goodness and favour. Good Curle, I humbly salute you, and pray you to retain me ever in your good grace and to favour my petitions to her majesty, and desire Monsieur Nau to do the like, and I shall pray for you both.

I pray you commend me to your sister and to Mrs. Moubray and to all the rest at your discretion.

The taking away of the Earl of Northumberland is an argument that they have further mischief in hand, and therefore you have need all to look well to her majesty's person and to all things else, whatsoever shall be presented for her mouth, person or service.

It is a great grief to me that I cannot know how you do. But if I had been at liberty I would have lost my life, or else I would have made her majesty some good intelligence before this time.

I have instructed Blunt to enquire for you, and to rely on you always for her majesty's service. Wherefore walk abroad as meet as you can conveniently.

Her majesty may boldly entertain Blunt if he gives the occasion, as I hope he will; for I assure myself he honours the ground whereupon her majesty goes, before Leicester and all his generation and all that they hate in the world besides.

I have written other letters to further intelligence, and if they come well to your hands you may "take hold" of the party that sends the same, and of his service. You will not believe how fearful that matter is grown, and therefore you might make much of such servants as you have or that present their service to her majesty in these days, as I have encouraged some the best I could for my life.

I hear that Doctor Atslowe was racked twice almost to the death in the Tower about the Earl of Arundel's matters and intention to depart England; wherein he was betrayed, and thereby [lies] now in danger of his life. [ ] is in the Tower, and one of his uncles, and the said Earl of Arundel. God help them all.

May it please your majesty, Thomas Markam and your host who now is, have been courtiers together at one time in the service of this Queen, and I take them to be good friends, and Thomas Markam to be a fit instrument to tune your host to bear a dutiful regard to your majesty.

8 pp. In Phelippes' hand. Indorsed. Signed by Phelippes on the back: "decifred Phelippes."

Copy of the concluding portions of the same [In Phelippes' hand. Part crossed out].

Another copy of the same. [With No. 70.]

15. Thomas Morgan to Mary. [July 10.] C.P., vol. XIV.

These few lines are only to put to work for your service the gentleman to whom I have committed the same to be conveyed to your majesty.

I have heretofore declared to your majesty my sound conceit for the gentleman, Mr. Christopher Blunt, and his good affection to your service, and have lately, by another means, amply revived my testimony of him and the assurance that he has given me for your service. Whereunto I give credit, and so I assure myself your majesty may do, n twithstanding that he follows Leicester in this cruel time in England, to his great charges and his friends', in hope thereby that they may by Leicester's favour ilve [according] to their consciences without molestation.

The said Blunt is a gentleman of a good house, and is withal discreet and valiant. For the assurance he has given to serve and further your majesty's intelligence, I have recommended him to Monsieur de l'Aubespin, who succeeds Monsieur Mauvissière, and have caused others to do the like. Wherefore I shall wish your majesty to accept his service, whereby I hope in God you shall have contentment, and he honour in fine.

You shall do well to send him an alphabet and thank him for his good affection towards you, whereof you have been long since, and lately, well informed by a servant of yours whom you credit, and a faithful friend of his, as I am indeed if he deal well with your majesty, whereof I am persuaded. And your majesty may further encourage and direct him as your majesty shall think good, with promise of recompense for his service. For the better settling whereof he wrote to me lately promising to adventure his life in that quarrel, and so recommended himself to my faith, friendship and secrecy. Wherefore I have written to him at large and sent him some instructions to further your majesty's service, and your majesty may recommend him to the said De l'Aubespin.

Blunt understands the French tongue well, having been heretofore in this country and tasted of your favours, and received courtesies at the hands of your friends and servants. So that, to conclude, I assure myself that he will serve your majesty faithfully to the best of his power.

I understood by one Robert Poley, a gentleman that Blunt sent expressly to me out of England, that Blunt was like to be sent into Scotland with presents to your son from Leicester. I have given Blunt necessary instructions for this voyage for the good of your majesty and your son; and I douot not but Blunt will perform the same if he goes. Whereto his religion and honesty will be an impediment when Leicester shall remember that Blunt is a catholic, as are some others who—for fear of the time, and not for love to Leicester—are glad to serve him, to their great charge, without all profit, for his custom is rather to spoil than help such sort of men.

This is all I have to say to your majesty, having instructed Blunt by what means I may hear of your majesty's state. This will be the greatest consolation that I can have. This he knows to be true, having known and loved me many years, and sent me an alphabet by the said Poley to entertain a good intelligence between us both. Wherefore I have promised to do my duty towards your majesty, and your son specially, if he obey and honour your majesty, and not be seduced by England.

Postscript.—Good Curll, I have directed the said Blunt to address himself to you for her majesty's service, and to rely upon you about her majesty. Wherefore, take such time as you may conveniently to go abroad to see what will be presented. I pray you, good Curle, commend me to Nau. His brother is returned out of Scotland long since.

1¾ pp. In Phelippes's hand. Indorsed. Signed on the back: "Decifred, Phelippes." [With No. 23.]

16. Walsingham to Edward Wotton. [July 11.]

By his last letter were glad here to understand that the bruits given out that the Master of Gray's credit with the King grew either to decay, or that the King's affection towards him was not so sound inwardly as in outward show appeared, were found to be untrue. All here who know how rare an instrument he has proved to nourish the good amity between the two crowns, and how hardly the continuance thereof will be wrought, if his wonted credit with the King should any way diminish, greatly tender his well doing. The noblemen here having by some means received knowledge from their friends there that there appears no disposition in the King to harken to her majesty's mediation for them, have very earnestly pressed her majesty to make trial thereof, and to procure that they may be called to answer if there is any matter to be objected against them, to the end that if she cannot prevail they may then take some other course for themselves, being now weary to continue any longer in this kind of restraint promised by her majesty to the King, unless there were somewhat to charge them with.

Therefore her majesty's pleasure is that with the advice of 39 [the Master of Gray] and others who wish them good, choosing a time fit for the furtherance of the cause, he with as much speed as he may, proceed to the exhibiting of their supplication, using all the best persuasions to the King in her majesty's name to receive them again into grace and favour, according to his directions. The reason for his less frequent letters is that they at present are altogether occupied with the treaty with the States deputies. Hopes that some good will follow from it. They are to begin with the relief of Antwerp, for which 6000 men are to be levied under the conduct of Sir John Norrice; after which further order touching the whole action itself is to be taken.

He may perceive how things pass in France, from the inclosed. Wrote by his former letter that her majesty expects to hear touching the overture he was directed to make to the Danish ambassador, touching her readiness in respect of the good will she professes to the King his master, to further the match between the King there and his [King of Denmark's] daughter. She wishes it to be delivered by you in such sort as may move him to make some good report of her majesty's friendly disposition in that behalf.

Motion was made by the Leaguers for the delivery of Dieppe and Boulogne to the Cardinal of Bourbon and the house of Guise, but was not assented to by the King. Neither have the Leaguers any great cause to stand in the same, seeing they may dispose of the havens along the coast at their pleasure, having forced the King to yield to such dishonourable conditions that all the world may see that though the French King retain the title, the authority is transposed to the Duke of Guise.

2½ pp. Draft. Corrections in Walsingham's hand. Indorsed: "M[inute] to Mr. Wotton.

17. [Poley] to [Walsingham]. [July.] C.P., vol. XVI.

I signified to your honour in my last [letter] what his opinion was, what he advertised, and what he advised the King his master concerning the present affairs in, and proceedings hence towards Scotland, whence he presently expects further intelligence for those matters.

He says that this practice and tumult shall hardly prevail against, or endanger the King of Scots, and that before the next attempt he shall be sufficiently assured.

I guess by the many questions which he asks me, that there are some English "pollytyks" with whom he often and deeply debates whatsoever may secretly depend upon the open proceedings of our State.

He fears much that the ritters levied—as I told him—by the Princes of Germany in aid of the King of Navarre will either much hinder or prolong the Guises attempt in France. He received no packet from the King these thirty days. Neither he nor we have any letter from Paget or Morgan since his first coming. Being somewhat suspicious of whose slackness, not knowing what they fear or intend, I dare not enter with him too boldly, for [fear of] discovery of such as repair to or give him intelligence. For as they proceed with us, so must we proceed with them. Signed with a symbol.

²/3 p. No address or indorsement.

18. Sir Amias Powlet to Walsingham. [July 14.] C.P., vol. XVI.

Nau pretended long since that his mistress was ready to make a despatch to the French ambassador, and at that time prayed him to peruse his packet. This he refused, because he then seemed willing that his letters should have free passage. He has now prayed him again. Has refused for the same cause, referring the perusing of his packet to his [Walsingham's] order.

Nau complains that when he [Walsingham] peruses his mistress' packets some of her letters never come to light, wherefore she is not advertised of the true state of her things in France. This he does not impute to him, but to his servants.

Told him that such letters of ordinary doings, which contain no matter of State can do him [Walsingham] no pleasure, and therefore could not believe that his challenge had any just ground. He has a French, busy head, more fit for France than for this country. This Queen would be governed with quietness and to her good contentation if his ambitious nature did not interrupt it. Calls it ambitious because all his cavelling and quarrelling tend to no other end, than, by finding faults with this and that, to win credit with his mistress, which no doubt he has obtained in so great measure that whatsoever she shall speak, write or do, it must be said to come from him, and not from her.

Has forborne to trouble him with his crooked dealing with Mr. Darrel in some household causes, wherein he has showed himself no less malicious than seditious, and would have broken out to some further matter if he had not prevented him by some speech he had with him in the presence of all this Queen's gentlemen, which was done in such reasonable sort that shame would not permit him to open his mouth any further.

He is sorry for nothing more than that her majesty has such ministers here that he can take no advantage against them. He [Walsingham] would believe him if he knew upon what ground he speaks it.

If he were removed from hence her majesty should be delivered from a French Guisard and a dangerous guest, and her ministers here should enjoy some more quiet than they now do. His mistress should reap the greatest profit thereby—although she will not be so persuaded—his counsels being so wilful and violent, as if contrary winds and tides did not stop him he would have broken her neck long since.

This Queen has been discontented with him lately. The cause is this, that taking pleasure in a greyhound which was given to her before his coming hither, she desired to see him run at a deer. This he assented to, but prayed Curle, the messenger, to desire the Queen to take order that Du Preau, alias Sir John, might not ride with her in this hunting.

He asked the cause. Said that he ought to believe that he would not have moved it without cause.

This hunting was appointed in Stockley Park, one mile from the castle, and the only way thither is through this town. The man was left behind. This Queen having hunted, on her return called him to her and told him that she found his message very strange. He prayed her to take it in good part, as a thing not desired without reason. She said she could not like that her servants should be forbidden to attend on her.

Answered that all her gentlemen attended on her, and that he did not take Du Preau to be of that number. "I must be attended," quoth she, "by others than gentlemen." "So you have, madam," quoth he, "one to carry your cloak, and if you will have more, I will not let it."

She said she did not like to be commanded in this sort. Told her he did not command her, but prayed her to give him leave to direct her servants: "I was servante to the Queene of Englande, and wolde not faile to do the duty of my charge." He took no pleasure in offending her, and if she would give him leave to be an honest man he would not offend.

She said she could not blame his honesty, but could not like this restraint of her servant. Told her, when she takes the air in the meadows he should be permitted to wait on her, "but the towne of Tutbury should not holde him and me togethers."

"Well," quoth she, "I find innovations every daye." "I know none," quoth he, "but such as are reasonable." She said she would complain to the Queen her good sister, and that she knew these things came from above.

Answered that, indeed, his duty, which was the ground of his doings, came from above, but that she might well judge that her majesty had no part in the matter then in question between her and him.

She was now come to the park gate, which interrupted their speech, and since has heard no more of it. This man has been accustomed to distribute this Queen's alms, and by that means is so well known in Tutbury town that when he appears all the people resort to him, because they have tasted of his liberality.

This Queen knows that the restraining of this man has no other end than to let her alms giving, which he had rather she divined than that he should signify so much to her. To avoid this giving of alms he is commanded by his instructions to remove the people from this Queen and her company, which would seem to little purpose unless he also made fast the doors, because they would cast their alms into every door.

After so many days and weeks this packet does not yet appear, whereby it seems that these motions, proceeding from a sudden heat, upon better deliberation are repressed. Thinks they cannot tell what to write or whereof to complain, because reason tells them that he walks in the broad highway, so that they can take no advantage at his doings.

It is now five or six weeks since she has entered into any complaining discourse, which she was accustomed to do at every meeting until the 12th instant, walking in the garden after her supper, at which time she had many words of the Countess of Shrewsbury, of her son in Scotland, and of other things concerning her majesty and herself. Some part of this matter is not worthy of him [Walsingham]; another part has been advertised so often that he will not trouble him with repetitions; the rest, which seems more material, he will deliver to him.

After long speeches of the proffers which she had made to her majesty, how little they were regarded, that she had offered her body with her heart, her heart was refused, great care was taken for the keeping of her body, that she was accounted as nobody, and therefore if her help was ignored hereafter, she would be nobody, and so would answer.

She told him—but in secret manner, as she pretended—that her majesty's ships had been consumed with fire if she had not "letted" it.

Said it was not easy to be done. "Well," quoth she, "it had bene put in adventure." "Madame," quoth he, "if it hath bene intended, it may be intended also hereafter, and therefore you shall do a frendly office and worthy of thanckes to advertise your knowledge of the actions of this practise."

"It was firste resolvyd," said she, "that it shoulde be done without my knowledge, but after concludyd that my advyce should be taken. Wheruppon I stayed it, and canne assure you that it will never be attemptyed by those persons againe, and this is all I canne saye unto you herein."

"Naye," quoth she, "I have done more. Two descents"—so she termed them—"had bene made upon this realme if I had not stayed them," affirming that Monsieur had been the chief in one of them. Answered, it might so be before his professed goodwill to her majesty. "Naye," said she, "sithens."

She said that her son held his crown as a usurper. He had refused to join with her, and besides had dealt unkindly with her by letters, wherewith she held herself grievously offended, and until that fault was repaired and all such removed from him as were counsellors to that letter, she would not do him good if she could. "Yet," said she, "the love of a mother is tender." Finds this Queen and her people very quiet at present. Tutbury. Signed: A. Powlet.

3½ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

19. Walsingham to Edward Wotton. [July 15.]

Her majesty is greatly satisfied with the King's good acceptation of the articles of the league, and of the pension she means to bestow upon him, also his forward disposition to concur with her majesty. By her own letter to the King, in the next despatch, she proposes to make him know more fully concerning the moving of foreign princes to join with them for common defence. He will himself receive further direction touching the contents of his last letter.

The Queen has now quite lost her former jealousy she had conceived of the King; and has a good opinion that he will deal hereafter soundly and constantly with her. She would have wished that something had been done for the lords, but they must abide by the judgment of those near the King who wish them well, and who find the time yet unseasonable for their cause. Has persuaded them to await a better opportunity for their more advancement, whereto they are content to yield. Prays excuse for the delay in the despatch of the inclosed, which should have been sent away six days since.

²/3 p. Copy. Indorsed: "M. to Mr. Wotton."

20. Charles Paget to Mary. [July 15.] C.P., vol. XVI.

Her majesty has been advertised by Morgan and him of Blunt's good affection towards her, and that he sent one hither on purpose, called Poley, to get credit. Poley on his first arrival here has committed an error in writing hence to Mr. Christopher Blunt something concerning Mr. Blunt, and presuming that by the credit he had by Blunt it might safely have passed the ports, he sent it by an ordinary messenger, so that it was taken. Thinks he is taken also. Does not know what will become of the matter, but hurt he can do none, because they trusted him with nothing. Howbeit, because a man cannot tell what fortune may make one do, and that whereas both were "affectioned" to do true service to ease them of pain, they may be brought to be instruments for them, it will be good for her to handle the matter very discreetly and warily ere they be employed. Paris.

½ p. In Phelippes' hand. Indorsed by him.

Another copy of the same [With C.P. vol. xiv., No. 18.]

21. Lord Claud Hamilton to Mary. [July 16.] C.P., vol. XVI.

"Pleis zour majestie, I trust zour hines sall think ne les nor it becummeth me to employ my selfe be all menis possibill that my service and dewtee may be mest humblie recommendit unto zour majestie at sik tymis quhen as lauchfull occation salbe presentit. And becaus I am sa persudit that zour hines hes trew knavlege quhat movit me to leve England and refuis that quyetnes and liberaletie it plesit for a tyme the queine of England bestow upone me, I vill noct trubill zour majestie with lang discours theirof. Bot alvayis or I sould be fownd gilte in the lest point of my deutie—mest spetialie tuching theme I aucht obedience—I had rether lose zei and it ver meir with the lyfe also. Craveing mest humbly that my trew meaneing, wpryct deallinje and present estat may be sa respectit as I sall contenew ewir villing and ready at all tymis to employ my selfe mast humble in zour majesteis service to the end." Paris. Signed: "Zour majesties mest humble and obedient subject and servitur, Claud Hammiltoun."

½ p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

22. Sir Amias Powlet to Walsingham. [July 17.] C.P., vol. XVI.

Trusts his letters of the 14th instant sent to London by one of his servants, and appointed to be delivered to him by one Alexander Yverye, merchant, dwelling in London, are received by him.

This Queen's packet is sent to him now at last. Is prayed by Nau to request him, after perusing the packet, to take order for the safe delivery of all its contents to the French ambassador, because he says that there are some acquaintances among the letters which "beare greate charge," and that by the loss of such like writings his mistress has received great damage before this time.

This Queen has made no mention at all of removing these six weeks or more, until yesterday, late in the evening. Having sent for him to tell him that her packet was ready, she complained of the coldness of their chamber, being subject to the wind in many places, by reason the walls were not of stone. Which she prayed to have amended, and to that purpose to be removed by the space of six weeks.

Told her he knew no house in this country fit for her, and that to remove far off for so short a time was not possible, and that the faults in her chamber walls might be amended although she did not remove.

She said she thought these faults would not be so easily repaired. Answered, all should be done that was possible. She said no more. But is deceived if he cannot tell him rightly the ground of this motion.

Has the promise of Mr. Cavendish's house in this town, and this day he shall meet him at Burton, to deliver to him in exchange the Lord Paget's house there.

Mr. Cavendish indiscreetly persuades himself that he [Powlet] takes his house to serve for a removing place for this Queen, although he never said so much to him, and indeed would be ashamed to have made him so foul a lie.

This matter is come to her ears by her laundresses, or some such like mean; and now she prays to be removed. Knows Mr. Cavendish's house and this country so well that he would not take upon him to keep her there one week for more money than he will spend these seven years. Tutbury. Signed: A. Powlet.

Postscript in Powlet's hand.—Mr. Cavendish and he have met at Burton, but cannot agree on the price.

1 p. Addressed. Indorsed by Powlet.

23. Charles Paget to Mary. [July 17.] C.P., vol. XVI.

The bearer hereof sent one specially to Morgan, thereby to offer his service to your majesty. I have known the party a long time. He is a catholic, though he yields to the sharpness of the time somewhat. I have not known him deal dishonestly. He has good parents who are neighbours to you. He has very good means to do your majesty service, considering the place he holds.

Notwithstanding all this, and that he has promised all fidelity, yet it shall be good that your majesty make some proof of him before he is trusted with matters of importance.

I have written often, but doubt they be not come to your hands. They remain with the French ambassador.

Postscript.—It was thought very meet for the honour of your majesty that thirty pistolets should be given to him who came hither from Blunt to Morgan, and I could by no means get a warrant from your ambassador to have so much of your treasurer. But with much ado he said he would give it to Morgan, so that I took it from him and gave it to the gentleman; yet Morgan stands charged therewith.

¹/8 p. Cipher. Indorsed. Signed on the back by Burghley, Shrewsbury, Hunsdon, Cobham, and Walsingham.

Decipher of the same. Signed by Phelippes.

24. Thomas Morgan to Mary. [July 18.] C.P., vol. XVI.

This morning I was informed by Barasino, a careful servant to your majesty, that Poley, mentioned in my former letters, wrote hence to England, to Blunt, named in my former letters, of my captivity and the difficulty that he found here to speak with me. But this much was written before he spoke with me, and now I hear that the said Poley's letters were intercepted at the port in England and sent to the Council; whereby both Blunt and the other are like to fall into trouble, to my grief, or at the least they will be dealt withal to abuse your majesty on that side and myself on this side; which has moved me— though I have a good conceit of Blunt—to stay an ample despatch and instructions that I had made ready for Blunt for the furtherance of your majesty's service, being right sorry for the evil accident happened to both of them, if it be true, as I pray God it be not. But if the one or the other be discovered to have intelligence with me, they will be so watched by that side that they shall not be able to serve your majesty. Whereof I thought it my bounden duty to advertise your majesty, and to wish you to stay till this matter be better cleared, from accepting of any service at Blunt's hands, if he happen to offer you any. Yet I am of opinion that he will not be made an instrument to deceive your majesty. But fearful and careful I am in such cases as import your majesty's service, as I ought to be, and shall be whilst I live. And sorry shall I be if by this discovery he be lost, whereas otherwise he had been like to have done your majesty some grateful service.

I am right sorry that I do not know the verity of what has happened, because I could then resolve better what to advise therein; and upon suspicion or tales not well grounded, it were a great loss to lose the service whereof Blunt gave me so much hope by his letters. Yet if he were tried first by letters or packets in blank between you and the French ambassador, your majesty should thereby, and by that which he would otherwise, perhaps, offer your majesty, resolve yourself better than I can do how far you might rely upon him. Wherein I beseech God your majesty may take the best resolution which your wisdom will be able to discern by such matters as are therein presented to your majesty on Blunt's behalf. "Written in the place of my captivity."

1¹/8 pp. Copy in the hand of Mr. Phelippes. Notes in the margin. Indorsed: "Sundry letters of Tho. Morgan to the Scottish Quene 17 Decemb. 1584, 23 Aprill 1585, 8 May 1585, 28 July 1585. Ch. Pagett 25 July 1585. Decifred."

Another copy of the same. Deciphered by Gilbert Curll 5th October 1586.

25. Charles Paget to Mary. [July 18.] C.P., vol. XVI.

Your majesty may perceive by divers letters heretofore written what intention I have had to procure your majesty intelligence, and especially by Mr. Doleman, if Lord St. John had not the charge of your majesty, as it was certainly said he should have had, and thereupon your majesty might see devices that I proposed to you for your escaping prison. But since that time your keepers are changed, and many things are "chanced," which cause a change and alteration of men's minds and designs. So that things standing in such extremities as they do on all sides, it drives everybody almost to their wits ends and terms of desperation, were it not that God lives and will not suffer His enemies always to triumph, and His afflicted to endure still imprisonment, banishment, torture, and death.

[Marginal note: "They are at theyr wittes endes."]

The death of the old pope, the wars in France, and the unquietness in Scotland make everyone tend so much to their own affairs that they can have little leisure as yet to think of your majesty, though the Duke of Guise, I am sure, will ever do what he can for your relief, and does not doubt but the enterprise now in hand by him and the rest of the lords taking good effect, will turn greatly to your benefit, and to the reformation of the States of England and Scotland.

It cannot be long ere the effect thereof will be seen. In the meantime I will not fail, as good opportunity shall be offered, to "remember" the said Duke of Guise to cause that somebody may be sent into Scotland for such considerations as are alleged in my former letters, and to do other offices which shall be agreeable to my duty to your majesty, and to the inestimable care I have of the safety of your person and bettering of your state.

I have written to Doctor Lewes, who is your most affectionate servant at Rome, and in good credit with this new pope, to beseech him to recommend your estate to the French King and to his nuncio here to be careful all "he" may for the advancement of your affairs.

Likewise I have put your ambassador in mind to press audience of the French King to recommend your affairs to Monsieur De l'Aubespin, and "him to go to him." Who has been with him twice; and he says he finds him very well affected to do your majesty service, and I myself can witness as much. For, having been there with him, he declared his willingness to serve your majesty, and readiness to yield what comfort he could to the catholics in England.

Monsieur Arnault goes with him, and by his means I know he will be more careful of your majesty's affairs. Howbeit I note this much for your better direction. They both depend wholly on Monsieur Villeroy, secretary, who is altogether for the French King, "and have heard them mislike the Duke of Guise's enterprise."

By my own travail only, without the help of your ambassador, I have recovered into my hands the money and papers which were found in Mr. Morgan's chamber. The money belongs to my Lord Paget and other gentlemen of this side the sea, being 5000 crowns, and no part of it Mr. Morgan's or your majesty's, as the bruit, perhaps, may run.

Most of the papers were ordinary letters, obligations and accounts, which were not of importance. Saving it might have troubled some in England to have had their names discovered, and to have in any sort dealt with Morgan, though it had not been in matter of State.

Mr. Morgan "does well for his health." By the licence of the keeper I have been twice or thrice with him. If the accord be between the King and the noblemen I verily think he will be quickly delivered. If not, I am afraid he will tarry for some time.

I have likewise written to Doctor Lewes and Doctor Allen to procure his holiness's letter in favour of Mr. Morgan's liberty. I can assure your majesty that Mr. Morgan and others have too much wrong by the malice of some of their own countrymen, which proceeds from no other cause in the world than from emulation that some, not sticking—besides most false and abominable surmises objected against Mr. Morgan, being now in prison and not able to answer for himself, wherein their malice is noted the greater—to say before my face that both he and I were too private and singular in our actions. As though we, being your vowed servants, are to participate or publish your affairs to such as your majesty [ ] so to do. Necessity and want—"wonderful discontentment to many of our nation"—make divers of them run desperate courses and "apt to quarrell uppon toyes."

Monsieur Fontenay is returned out of Scotland, who, I am sure, advertises your majesty how all things stand there, and therefore it will be needless to say anything thereof. Only I think good to "remember" your majesty that all possible means would be used for the relief of him, his state, as I hear, being very lamentable. For, though he be come away with the favour of your son, yet has he very little to maintain himself here withal. And God knoweth whether necessity may make him apt to hearken to any new motion.

The Queen of England may, perhaps, offer to him by the practice of her ambassador and his instruments, and so experience was had thereof by his brother's dealing.

I like the nature of the nobleman very well upon some little acquaintance, and find his service firm towards your majesty, and I hope this affliction will alter him nothing. Howbeit I would be very loth he should be much "assaulted" with necessity and hard treatment. For, besides the great hurt which would grow to himself thereby, there would great inconvenience grow to your majesty, for he is one who, upon some occasions, may do your majesty good service, and to his country. Your ambassador, methinks, has not the "care" for him he had for his elder brother, yet for his great affection towards your majesty, his good nature, and better ability to serve than the other, he merits to be more respected by your majesty. I will on the first occasion let the said lord understand "towards him from your majesty." It is a mean [by which] I shall have the more credit with him and his friends, which, if ever upon any occasion I should go into Scotland, would stand me in great stead.

There is one Mr. Bruce, a Scottish gentleman, whom I suppose your majesty has heard of heretofore, either gone or very shortly goes to Scotland to your son from the Duke of Guise to persuade him to confer with some catholic for the better instruction of his soul's health, as also to remind him of his duty towards your majesty. This much he told me himself, and required my advice, which I delivered to him in as ample manner as I could, and do not "leave" to solicit that some man of account be sent there from the King of France or the Duke of Lorraine to deal with your son to the ends aforesaid, as also that he refuse the amity of England.

I have talked with the Duke of Guise and this next ambassador who goes to England, who will do what they can. And now the accord being made between the French King and the house of Guise, and that heresy is to be extirpated out of France, I think the French King will be easily brought to hearken to that.

The amity of England and Scotland will give aid to the heretics, which will be a mean to break the league between the said French King and the Queen of England.

If I had not long and oftentimes tasted of many and sundry sharp afflictions—and thereby I am taught to endure with patience whatsoever God pleases to lay upon me—the late death of the Earl of Northumberland would have utterly overthrown my health, as it has much diminished the same. It is no striving with God's will and pleasure; but it is but to yield to the same, and at least He will send comfort.

The death of the Earl of Northumberland did not so much grieve me, for I knew he was mortal and must die; but the bruit given out that he killed himself because Mr. William Shelley had confessed that I should say to him at my being in England that the earl was content to take arms for the relief of your majesty, and therefore I doubted not but he and all "this parents" would do the like.

As I shall answer at the Day of Judgment, I never spake word tending to any such end or sense to the said Shelley, but talked of such ordinary matter that the Council might have been privy thereof without offence. And I assure myself that Mr. Shelley, if he might be suffered to speak openly upon his conscience, would acquit me thereof. But he will, I fear, drink of the same cup the Earl of Northumberland has done, and so shall I, with many more, such are the devilish practices of the Earl of Leicester and his confederates.

The Earl of Northumberland was once poisoned before, but cured by Doctor Atslowe, and that not taking place, "he is payed home with a dagge." And they cannot be content to spoil him of his life, but they would take away his Christianity in making the world believe he killed himself.

If the Earl of Arundel had not been committed when he was, within short time both the Earl of Northumberland and Shelley had been at liberty. They both being examined were "stronglye" a twelvemonth together, and nothing could be found to touch them. And is it likely that Shelley of himself would confess an untruth, seeing himself free from danger? Or, on the other side, is it likely, if it were true— as it is not—that I should have said that abovesaid to Shelley, that the Earl of Northumberland had so little understanding as to know that he was not touched thereby in law? and to want Christianity as to kill himself? or if God take so much [of] His grace from him, that with less suspicion and more facility he might have killed himself then with a dagge? God, I trust, will reveal the truth to the enemy's shame, and give such punishment as such a practice merits.

I know your majesty will be much troubled with this chance. But, for the love of God, as your majesty has ever referred yourself to His will, so to continue still that course, I doubt not but shortly He will give your majesty ease and comfort.

I am sure Mr. Morgan lets your majesty understand of the offer Mr. Christopher Blunt makes to serve your majesty and to breed intelligence for your majesty. He is a gentleman of the horse to the Earl of Leicester, and in very good place to do notable service to your majesty, if he will be faithful. Whereof I partly assure myself, because I know the gentleman [to be] a catholic, and has comported himself very honestly. Howbeit your majesty will do well to try him first with small matters, and upon sudden trial to use him in greater.

One Mr. Poley, a gentleman, was sent expressly from him to Mr. Morgan to make the offer. This Poley seems to be very honest and a good catholic, and has well discharged the trust committed to his charge hitherto. Howbeit I never saw him before. I hope he will prove also a good instrument to serve you.

Mr. Charles Arundel being always transported with passion, not knowing many times what he says, oftentimes grows into great exclamations against good Mr. Morgan for the rest of the debt your majesty owes him, and thinks the non-payment is "long" of him. Wherein your majesty knows that he does him great wrong; for the fault is because the money is not come out of Spain. For the recovery whereof I humbly beseech your majesty to write earnestly to the Spanish ambassador, as also to recommend me to him, whereby I may the better do you service. And if therewithal your majesty writes that Lord Paget's pension and mine might be surely and speedily paid, we shall have the more cause to think ourselves bound to him, and be the better able to serve you. For your majesty shall ever be assured that I will neither spare money nor life at your commandment and service.

Here is the Earl of Westmorland, who entreated me to write to your majesty to be an humble writer in his behalf, that your majesty would show him the favour to write to the Duke of Guise in his recommendation. And, as I know that your majesty may perhaps hear that his government has not been so commendable as were to be wished, yet certainly he is one that shall be able—whensoever occasion requires—to do your majesty more service than any four noblemen in England or out of England. And to say truth he is very well "affectionated" to your majesty, so that your majesty should do a very gracious deed to recommend him to the Duke of Guise, as well in respect of policy as for charity's sake.

I presume to write to your majesty freely what my opinion is in that which concerns you and your causes, because it is your pleasure I should do so, and therefore I hope for your pardon.

I see such wants come among my countrymen, and such quarrelling humours grow thereby, that if—though I say it—I did not carry myself very patiently among them, there might fall out some inconvenience. And the better to perform the same, I give myself to a private life—I mean from company, and dedicate myself only to the service of God first, and then yours after.

Touching Mr. Morgan's estate, I assure you of my credit—as I am very credibly informed—that whatsoever your ambassador "makes me believe," that at his audience he solicits the French King for his liberty, and does [it] in such sort that it rather hinders than otherwise, and that he bears a special hatred to him in respect he has done things without his consent, and yet by your commandment, and, to be plain with your majesty, so he does the like with me and Monsieur Fontenay. So that, use what humility, or offer what service we can, he not only traverses us, but also seeks, as I hear, to make a division between Mr. Fulgeam and me; which shall never be on my part, God willing, but [I] shall be ready, in respect of the service he has done you, to yield him any comfort or friendship I can.

Howbeit, as I have often said, so must I tell you still, his bad dealings in your affairs, and his crossing of such as you recommend, can never bring forth any good fruit to your affairs, and less encouragement for any to serve you, unless it be myself, who never "leave" to serve you, and [would] die at your feet, come traverse or cross whatsoever.

I do not let Mr. Morgan understand of your ambassador's dealing but in the best part, for I know it would burst his heart.

The bishop of Ross, like a good servant to your majesty and a kind gentleman, labours his liberty by all possible means. If your majesty takes knowledge and gives him thanks for this it will encourage him the better to go forward.

Monsieur Fontenay has taken a great deal of pain, has spent much, and put himself in danger in your service, and yet your ambassador seeks to discourage him by the disgraces and "crosses" he gives him.

I think myself bound in conscience to advertise your majesty of these things, and wish your majesty "to make of the gentleman," for he has many good parts, and is faithful to you; and it is meet that if an ambassador lieger goes into Scotland from hence, your majesty travailed that he went in his company, for he may do you singular service there.

I humbly beseech your majesty also to give Mr. Morgan all the comfort you can, for otherwise his heart will be killed.

Your ambassador seems to storm much against your treasurer, because he can get no money. But therein he does wisely, for he retains it for your service, according to your commandment.

I send your majesty inclosed a cipher from the Spanish ambassador; another for my Lord Ross; another from Monsieur Fontenay; another from Mr. Morgan; humbly beseeching your majesty to signify how many packets you receive, because there is a great number lies in the ambassador's hands a long time. Paris.

Postscript.—I came even now from the new French ambassador, and have had conference with him about your affairs. He told me [he] has commandment to hinder anything that may be possible for the hurt of your person and make enmity between your majesty and your son, and that he will do all the good offices he can; whereunto he has been provoked by the Duke of Guise, as also [by] Monsieur Le Chastre, whose sister he has married. I have comforted him herein all I can, and have given him some contentment in letting him understand the state of England, whereby I would win myself some credit with him to do your majesty the better service. Of and in this point we spent some time. I have written to the old French ambassador to deliver all such packets as be remaining in his hands to this new ambassador, and have desired him to take them and send them to your majesty as safe intelligence takes place.

By reason the French King and the house of Guise be accorded and join all together for the extirpation of heresy—there is the best news I heard this twenty years—that house, whether it be by fear or love, I leave that to God, has better credit than it had; and, as I am credibly informed, the Queen Mother cleaves to them against the minions, and is in mind to practice a marriage between your son and the Duke of Lorraine's eldest daughter; which being handled as it might be, would turn to all our commodities.

Good fellow Curle, advertise me of the state of the Queen our mistress, and receive my most friendly commendations to yourself and Monsieur Nau.

7⅓ pp. In the hand of Phelippes. Indorsed by him: "28 July 1585. Charles Pagett to the Scottish Quene. Decifred."

Another copy of the same. Deciphered by Gilbert Curll 5th October 1586.

26. Sir John Maitland To Walsingham. [July 18.]

Has imparted to the bearer his conception towards the "propos" now in hand, and his advice as to the most convenient method of proceeding with the league, what is most to be feared, and what he would wish prevented. Doubts not he will faithfully deliver the same, and that he will credit him.

Begs he will hasten his return, that so necessary a work as is in hand may be more speedily effected. In the mean season no time nor good occasion shall be lost here, nor good offices omitted about the King, of whose constancy and sincere disposition he may be fully assured. Falkland. Signed: Jo. Maitland.

½ p. In a Scottish hand. Addressed. Indorsed.

27. Bishop Of Ross To Mary. [July 18.] C.P., vol. XVII.

I have received no letter from your majesty since October last, which I answered in December.

I declared the constant zeal which I have to do your majesty's service in Scotland, having then received letters from the King your son of his favour towards me, with a safe conduct signed by his own hand and that of the rest of his council.

Nevertheless I would not attempt that voyage until I had heard from your majesty, as you willed me to do by your last letter. For you had hope of some good matter to fall out before the spring-time to employ me there for your service. So I stayed, waiting for the return of Fontenay.

By his report and by the advice of the Earl of Huntly and others of my friends, I am counselled to delay my journey to Scotland until a better opportunity.

They say your son's court is completely changed since the Master of Gray was in England. So that your faithful servants are not so well liked as before. In the meantime if your majesty will employ me otherwise in your service, I shall be ready to obey your commands.

Others write to me that Fontenay employed his service effectually and discreetly in Scotland, at the hands of the King and the nobility.

They desired me to testify the same on their behalf to your majesty.

Had it not been for Arran and Gray, all his negotiations would have succeeded to your contentment.

The means must be found to remove them from your son's favour, or no good can be done.

Lord Claud has come here from Scotland with your son's favour and licence. He was not restored to his living, through the influence of Arran, whom your son dare not offend.

Arran likewise says that he will never allow me to be restored to my bishopric of Ross, because Lord Melvin [Methven] his cousin has the gift and disposition thereof.

Lord Claud has ever been faithful to your majesty's service, and is the worthiest of that house and family to be advanced. He has prayed me to assure your majesty of his constant and faithful mind.

I came purposely to Paris to meet with Monsieur De l'Aubespine, who is going into England as ambassador in Mauvisière's place. I find him willing to do you good service.

I hope that the new Pope will be as favourable to us as was Pius Quintus. He has already publicly announced before his cardinals that he much regrets your long captivity, and will do what he can for your release. He has spoken very hardly against the Queen of England, and therefore it would be well for your majesty not to let slip this opportunity of winning his favour.

Fontenay has been in great danger since his return, because he made the voyage to Scotland and thence to Spain without the knowledge of the King, who would have put him in prison if he had not been treating with the Dukes of Lorraine and Guise.

Fontenay will have no credit at this court during this reign, for the King forgets no injury.

Abel, my man, has been of good service to Fontenay on his voyage, wherefore I recommend him to your liberal goodness.

We are busily striving for Morgan's liberty and have hope of good success.

The Duchess of Feria is very desirous to hear of your majesty's estate and health, although I advertised her oft thereof. Paris.

2¼ pp. Copy. In Phelippe's hand. [With No. 26.]

28. James VI. To Elizabeth. [July 19.]

Assures her by this present letter of the constancy of his professed good will in his letter sent by Mr. Alexander, and of the continuance of that promised course in religion and the league. Also it may serve as a "counterpas" of reports made or to be made by any seditious fellows to the contrary.

Prays the continuance of her good grace, and notwithstanding any bruits or reports, that she will still keep an ear for him. Falkland.

½ p. Copy. Indorsed: "11 July. Copie of a letter of the King of Scots to hir majestie."

29. Walsingham To Edward Wotton. [July 19.]

The cause of the Low Countries at this time wholly entertains them. Her majesty's own natural inclination to peace is not unknown, and the entering into a war with so "puissant" a Prince as the King of Spain, especially at this time when things in France take such a course, seems an enterprise of dangerous consequence.

The matter therefore requires longer deliberation, which is the cause that her majesty has had no time to resolve touching the affairs of that realm, as otherwise she would have done. Nevertheless she will out of hand take such good course therein as shall be to the King's satisfaction and his [Wotton's] contentment, he having been used as an instrument in the matter.

Prays that he will excuse him to the Master of Gray, the Secretary, and Justice Clerk that he has not leisure to write as often as he would. At the Court.

½ p. Copy. Indorsed: "M. to Mr. Wotton."

30. Monsieur De Mauvissière To James VI. [July 21.] Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 304.

Sire, I have written several letters to your majesty and sent divers copies of those from the Queen your mother. I have sought all the means that I could to do you service to all of those with the commendment of the King your good uncle, my master, whilst I have been in this charge, and to maintain you in good amity and understanding with the Queen of England, their majesties in France not desiring any thing else than to maintain themselves in your good alliances, and to augment them if it were possible, as it is necessary for the good of your estates.

I am on the point, sire, of withdrawing for a few days from this charge, and before I go away I do not wish to fail to offer you my very humble and affectionate service anywhere I may be. And with regard to the Queen your mother, the news that I can tell your majesty is that she has been undergoing a diet. If it has assuaged the maladies of the body it has not removed the griefs of the spirit. For she says, and has often written to me, that she had no remedy for that but a perfect understanding and assured amity from your majesty and the Queen of England her good sister with her, according to her desire. God will appoint some day, if it pleases Him, His divine intercession, when it is necessary between so great Princes and so near relations.

If I might have that honour as to be employed from there, as I have been sent there, I would esteem it a great honour and favour, seeing that things might be brought to some good conclusion. But wise men have said that, "quod differtur non auffertur"; which is the part I beseech the Creator. London. Signed: De Castelnau.

1½ pp. French. Holograph. No flyleaf or address.

31. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [July 22.]

On the 20th of this month the Master of Gray was married with the King's consent to the Earl of Orkney's daughter, who is a near kinswoman to the King. The King himself went to him that day accompanied with only one gentleman, and tarried there till night, but there went after him almost all persons of account in the Court, except the Earl of Arran and a few of his faction.

The same day Lord Herries came to the Court, it is thought to make Lord Maxwell's peace with the King by means of the Earl of Arran. For my part, I was sorry to hear that Maxwell was so desirous of his peace, for his outstanding might have served to good purpose. Because I could not oppugn it openly, I thought good in speech with the King to let fall such words which might, peradventure, hinder it, or at least delay it for some time. To that end I told the King merrily that it was generally reported that he would play indeed the merciful Prince and extend his gracious favour not only to Lord Maxwell, but to those lords in England and other countries being in a like predicament.

He answered that he might not be merciful to all at once, and that in being merciful to some he must foresee he be not cruel to himself. I thought good not to reply much on behalf of the lords in England, because—as your honour knows—the time does not yet serve. This I said to the King, not so much in hope to do them any good thereby, but to hinder the return of Maxwell, whom I hope the King will be more loth to pardon in respect that he cannot well deny the like to them in England. Since that time I hear that Lord Herries has order from Lord Maxwell to do nothing without the consent of the Master. As far as I can learn, the King requires Maxwell to enter into ward within Clydesdale; and that he "inlarge" his prisoner the Laird of Johnstone, and if he perform this the King for his part assures him he shall enjoy his life, lands and goods.

I cannot advertise you of the conclusion this matter will receive, till I speak with the Master, who is not yet returned to the Court. Nevertheless it is thought that if the Master can secretly get the King's letter confirmed with the hands of some of his Council to deliver Maxwell out of ward within a few days after his commitment, thereupon Maxwell will assent to be committed, otherwise [he will] not.

The Secretary has promised me that the Irishmen now here, and from hence bound for France,—whose names I hope Mr. Milles has given you—shall be searched, and their letters—if any may be found—taken from them. Notwithstanding, I wish that Captain Palmer, who I understand is now at sea, might have orders to search all such ships as shall pass by him from this country, to the end, if this should fail, both to apprehend them and intercept their letters.

Holt the Jesuit—as far as I can learn—is about Aberdeen in the north of this realm. The King has promised me to take order that he shall remain no longer in this country. I dare not move his majesty for the apprehension and delivery of him into my hands, fearing he would thereby have taken occasion to make the like demand for some of his subjects now in England.

Barnaby has informed me that when the French under the Duke of Guise were to have landed in England, the Earl of Northumberland then a prisoner in the Tower, had a practice in hand to make himself master of the Tower. I thought good to advertise you hereof, to the end good care may be had of the great prisoners still remaining there.

A Scottish man lately arrived here out of Rochelle tells me that a Frenchman, an inhabitant of Olone de Barges, lately come out of Lisbon, reported to him for a certainty that the Pope and the King of Spain between them have 30 galleys and 11 "carackes" in readiness to send—as he said—to besiege Rochelle by sea. But verily I think that under that colour they mean along that coast upon a sudden to pop them over into Ireland, where undoubtedly they hope to find a strong party to join them.

The same man likewise reports that Viscount Touraine has lately defeated 1000 men of the Queen of Navarre, herself escaping very narrowly, and that Monsieur de Rohan with Monsieur la Valle have between them 30,000 soldiers—which I wish to be true. Also that there is a great jar between the Duke of Montpensier and the Duke of Mercure.

I am advertised by some that certain of the articles to be proponed on the King's part to the commissioners who shall meet for concluding the league, tend to this effect, that it may please her majesty to give to the King the title of some duchy in England, and that the pension be paid as the revenue thereof. It is thought they will desire to have Cornwall named and erected into a duchy for that purpose, not meaning, nevertheless, to insist more upon any one duchy than another, but to refer it to her majesty's good pleasure; also that her majesty will give her word not to prefer any title of other pretenders before the title of this King, and that likewise she will promise not to do anything to the prejudice of his title. I for my part was sorry to hear of such propositions, and will do what I may to dissuade them. But fearing lest they will be hardly stayed, I thought meet in time to advertise your honour thereof.

This day the Secretary came to me and showed me that he understood by a gentleman of the Earl of Angus, who had been with him, to crave his favour towards the earl his master, and the rest of the lords now in England, that they were purposed very shortly to come to the Borders, there to join with Maxwell and other lords of this country. He desired me to advertise your honour thereof, to the end that by your means their coming might be stayed, assuring me that if they should come, it would overthrow the league now in hand. This being concluded, he has promised he will be their friend to the King and do good offices for them, not doubting but his favour towards them will be obtained. Falkland. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

1½ pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

32. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [July 23.]

Complaint has been made here by Farnyhurst of an incursion lately made by English borderers into Scottish ground, and the carrying off of 100 to 130 prisoners, besides horse-meat and sheep— if what the inclosed letter testifies is true. When I heard of it I said—if any such thing were—I thought it done in revenge of some former raid made by the Scots into English ground. Howsoever it be, it could not have happened at a worse time, therefore I beseech your highness to address your letter to Lord Scrope that order may be taken by him for the speedy restitution of both prisoners and goods. For this effect, being desired by the King, I have written to his lordship. It is thought that the "20" [Earl of Morton] will do nothing without the consent of "39" [the Master of Gray] and "27" [the Secretary], notwithstanding "19" [Arran] labours all he can to win him.

Even now "39" [the Master] sent me word that if "20" [Morton] might be assured that the "3" [Queen] would not assist his enemies against him, he will not come in.

I answered that he may be assured the Queen is not willing that [her subjects] (fn. 2) should meddle with other men's private quarrels, and therefore by no means suffer them to aid his enemies. The end of this matter is yet uncertain.

"10" [the King] said this day to the Secretary and the Master of Gray that if any opposition to the league shall be made at the convention, he will impute it to "19" [Arran] and Montrose as principal workers thereof, and will not fail to banish them from the Court. Falkland. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

1 p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed by Walsingham.

33. Parsons to Sir Francis Englefield. [July 24.] C.P. vol. XVIII.

The Duke of Guise is leaving this court in four days' time, being very ill content, for he has in many ways discovered, being only too certain and assured thereof, that the King of France seeks to take his life secretly and by treachery; the said King being, in truth, wholly inclined and disposed, by the advice of the queen-mother, as far as he can to assist and favour the King of Navarre in the succession of this crown. Against which not only the Cardinal of Burbon and his adherents, but also the house of Guise and the other Catholics show a desire to resist. And I am of opinion that you will soon hear other news of it how all is going on among them, if the King of Spain does not fail to assist them with money, as he has faithfully promised them. But beware of breathing a word about it in Spain, and be assured that I will keep secret all that comes from you. The towns and provinces of France have made incredible offers of money, munition and menat-arms to the Duke of Guise for this purpose, and I think he will certainly accept them.

½ p. French. Intercepted July 1586.

34. Bishop Of Ross to Mary. [July 25.] C.P., vol. XVIII.

If things succeed according to our wishes in this realm, as our cardinal and your kinsmen have commenced them in these parts, it is settled among them that they will endeavour to do as much for your liberty and the advancement of the Catholic religion in our island by your advice, as many of the leaders have told me themselves in plain terms.

¹/6 p. French. Intercepted July 1586.

Another copy of the same.

35. J. Hamilton to Lord [John] Hamilton. [July 25.]

"And pleise your lordshipe I have reseivid ne woord of your lordshipe's arevene in Ingland nor qwhether your lordship be pasid or not, where of I ame in gret peine at this present, be cawse the gowernoris is all comandyd to stope your lordshipe of your coominge by the Kinges comand. The Beshope of Glesko is lyke to go by his mynd that your lordshipe shwild have gone, so qwyetlye unknowing to him. He sayes plenlye, and all the Qwyne of Skotlande's fakeseone, that your lordship is gone to cowte the kynge of Skotlande's throt and the Quyne's. I ame to be exsamynyd of your lordship's goinge awaye. I hope in God to qwyt myselife honerebelye bothe to your lordship's honor and my dewtye. There nefer come a thinge amongeste the Qwyne of Skotland's fakesyone that she hes hire as your lordship goinge to Inglande, for thaye regreite frome their hart that thaye treitid your lordship no betir, and speshally the inbasador and the Gesevistes. It is tald me that my Lord Maxwell is wery sorye that he spoke not withe your lordshipe, and repentys nowe werye mekyll. As sone as the Qwyne Mother comes I will be axsamenid. For the present I can wryt nothinge elis to your lordshipe, bot I have sente your lordship's coferise saif owt of this towne and your lordship's dowges in a bot to Rowane, and owt of Rowane the Qwynes majesty's inbasador sendes theme be se [by sea] to Londone wher Monsier Cownyngegeme apoynted. Thaye pertyd one the Frydaye after your lordship's pertynge, thaye cowld part ne soner becase the bot mane wold pert ne soner, for thaye war in the bot the daye after Robert Comynge partyd. It wantyd no delygence of my pert I will aswir your lordshipe, as Rowat can tell. Withe the nyste comodetye I shall wryt your lordshipe all at lenthe. I will not steir owt of this towene be Godes grese this yir withe owt it be to come and se your lordshipe. Monsier Shotoweise is werye will content of your lordship's pertynge and seyes your lordship hes done will.

"I aswir your lordshipe Syr Herye Cobane thinkes him selife mekyll behowldynge to your lordship for your hakeny [hackney] and your lordship will ever fynd him your lordship's gret frynd as he hes byne allwayes. This I besyke the eternell God, to kype your lordship and send your lordship a good and a prosperos cowkeses [success] in your lordship's aferis. For in good feithe gyve the Qwyne's majestye treit your lordship will, as I hope in God she will dowe, all the Qwyne of Skotland's fakeseone hir will hange themselis for disspyt. Writene at Parise." Signed: "Your lordshipe's humbell and obedyant sarwand, J. Hamilton."

1½ pp. Addressed: "To his right honerabeill lord and mester my Lord Hamiltone."

36. Sir Amias Powlet to Walsingham. [July 26.] C.P., vol. XVI.

Will not fail to take order for the removing of the laundresses. Would think himself very happy if some one well chosen woman of years and discretion were sent from the Court to undertake the principal charge therein, who might be provided with inferior servants "upon the sudden."

It would serve greatly for his discharge if this place might be furnished from above. If no such woman may be had from thence, then he will make the best choice he can among his tenants and friends in the west parts. Thinks it best to dissemble the matter here until the arrival of the women who shall serve this turn.

The last letters from the French ambassador to the Queen of Scots have lifted up the hearts of this people marvellously, and now they hold themselves assured that the exercise of religion is utterly abolished in France, and that the fire kindled there will be extended farther.

The letters from Nau's brother advertising the disposition of the Scottish King towards the Queen of Scots have comforted her greatly, and so she has told him. Whereunto he answered that men are naturally inclined to believe that which they desire, but she should do well to hold the matter doubtful until she might receive some certain advertisement from her son under his sign, lest by hearing the contrary her sorrows might be increased. Has heard an opinion that this letter might be sent with express purpose that it should fall into his [Walsingham's] ham's] hands, and that the truth should come some other way.

When he receives anything from him that is sealed, unless he writes expressly to him that he has perused it already, will not fail to open it, and to see it. Finding the letter from Nau's brother sealed, would not deliver it before he had perused it. Incloses a copy of this letter.

Monsieur De Memorceau, a gentleman of a very honourable house in Brittany, a man of peace, not fit for the wars, but well affected in religion, has prayed his son, Anthony Poulet, to permit him to spend some part of this troublous time in that isle, as he has done in time past, upon the like occasion, by order from her majesty.

It is also reported that Monsieur De La Val having once resolved to make himself strong in Vittrey, a town in Brittany, upon better advice intends to make his immediate repair to the King of Navarre, and to send his sister to Jersey. In times past order has been given by letters from the Lords of her Majesty's Council to the Captain there that if the French of the religion resorted thither in any great number, to let them understand that he had received express commandment not to permit them to make their long abode there, in respect of the danger which thereby might grow to the isle and to themselves, yet during their continuance in that isle to give them such friendly entertainment that they may have no cause to complain of hard dealing.

Requests him to procure a letter for this purpose from the Lords of the Council. The truth is that nothing can offend in this matter but the number, which being great would be dangerous and grievous to the inhabitants. Tutbury. Signed: A. Poulet.

2¹/8 pp. Addressed. Indorsed.

37. Sir Amias Powlet to Walsingham. [July 26.] C.P., vol. XVI.

Has forgotten to pray to be advertised whether he has received any letters from him by the hand of one Robert Woodward. Has received even now letters from Sir John Zouche, by which it appears that he has travailed faithfully and carefully in seeking to discover the practices of Ralph Elweyer, according to his instructions in that behalf, but no good effect has followed as yet. Tutbury. Signed: A. Poulet.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

38. Walsingham to Edward Wotton. [July 27.]

There has of late been an "attemptate" committed by certain of the West and Middle Marches of this side on their opposite neighbours, complained of by the warden of the Middle Marches of Scotland to Sir John Foster. Her majesty being acquainted therewith, commands Lord Scrope and Sir John Foster, the two wardens, to apprehend all the principal offenders in that disorder, so that they may receive due punishment, and her pleasure is he should inform the King of the fulfilment of her orders, that he may see for his better satisfaction how ready and careful she is on her part to yield redress for such outrages committed by her subjects, being sorry that such cause of offence is given by them.

Mr. Milles has arrived and had access to her majesty, who is pleased with his [Wotton's] discreet manner of proceeding and his answers received from the King. As yet she has no leisure to resolve concerning the Scottish causes, the matter of the Low Countries entertaining her still.

The sole reason of this despatch is that he may inform the King of her majesty's care to yield due redress of the disorders committed by her subjects on the Borders, and so remove all occasions of offence or discontentment that might otherwise hinder the good course they now run with them.

1 p. Copy. Indorsed: "M. to Mr. Wotton."

39. Bishop of Ross to [Mary]. Elizabeth. [July 27. 1585.] Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 412.

Has received no "chiffre" from her since that of last October, which he answered in December, declaring his constant good will to do her favour. Had then received letters from the King her son, with a safe conduct subscribed with his own hand, but by his counsel would not attempt the voyage until he heard from her, as she had willed him by her last letter, for the hope she had of some good matter in which to employ him there falling out before the spring. So has stayed, awaiting Monsieur Fontenay's return, for whose departure, and for letters from the Earl of Huntly and others, his friends, has also stayed his going to Scotland until better commodity. The King's Court is clean changed since the Master of Gray was in England, so that her faithful servants are not so well looked on as before. If she will employ him in any other way, is ready to obey her commands as far as his body is able, and simple means will serve.

Huntly and others write that Monsieur Fontenay employs his service effectually and discreetly in Scotland for her service, at the King and nobles' hands, and desire him to testify the same to her. But for Arran and Gray all his negotiations had succeeded to her contentment. Means must be found to "discourt" them from about her son, or else no good can be done.

Lord Claud Hamilton has returned from Scotland with the King's favour and licence, but was not restored to his living, through the malice of Arran, whom the King dare not offend. Arran also says that he will never suffer him [the Bishop] to be restored to his bishopric, because it is now in the gift and possession of his cousin Lord Methven. Is desired by Lord Claud, who has ever been faithful to her, and is the worthiest of that house to be advanced, to testify to her, his constant and faithful mind towards her, before the whole world.

Came purposely from Rouen to Paris to meet De l'Aubespine, English ambassador in place of Mauvissière, and finds him affectionate to her good service. He has an abbey near Rouen, wherein he has done, and still may do pleasure to him in his office there and make him more affectionate to her service.

Believes she is advertised of the election of Pope Sextus quintus. Those who know him hope he will be more favourable than Pius quintus, whom he follows in all his proceedings. He has already spoken publicly before his cardinals of his regret for her too long captivity. He will do what he can for her relief, and spoke very hardly of that Queen, saying he would spare no means to have her corrected.

It appears to him and others that in consideration of this obligation she owes to the holy see, the occasion should not be suffered to pass, but that his holiness's foot should be kissed in her name, which cannot be done more commodiously than now, and that she appoint one of her servants, most apt and able to do this office, which will be the more acceptable the sooner it is done.

Cannot conceal from her the danger Fontenay was in here on his return from Scotland, by reason of his voyage to Scotland and to Spain, without giving knowledge thereof first to this King, his sovereign, who was minded to put him in prison. This would have been done had not the King been in treaty with de Lorraine and Guise, which matters are now well ended and agreed upon. He was constrained by Guise and others in Court to keep quiet for the first fortnight, so that it appears he shall not have favour in this Court hastily, during the reign of this King, who forgets no injury.

His [the Bishop's] servant Abel did Fontenay good service on his voyage, as he has testified to her. Therefore recommends him to her to help him with some office upon her estate, or by money to help him to get some office in his country of Brye, for he is not apt to benefice, not having studied sufficiently, though otherwise able to be employed.

Are busy labouring for [Morgan's] (fn. 3) liberty, and hope good success. The Duchess of Feria desires to hear from her of her estate by her "chiffer," although he advertises her often thereof.

If these matters succeed well in this realm, as they are attempted and begun by the good cardinal and her friends, it is meant to press as much for her liberty and the advancement of the Catholic religion in their isle by her and her son's advice, as sundry of the chiefest have told him, which may God grant, and preserve her. Paris.

Postscript [to M. Curll].—By this he may be advertised that he [the Bishop] has not been paid his pension of the other year, and was fain to discharge 120 crowns to the "commis" before he could get a penny of the whole year then past, which is the cause moving him to pray for a general commandment to be presented to the Treasurer to serve Monsieur Nau at every term, in all for his cause, to whom he has written to this effect.

1½ pp. Copy. In the hand of, and deciphered by Gilbert Curll, October 5, 1586.

40. Walsingham to Edward Wotton. [July 28.]

Is sorry to understand that there should have been any meaning there to move for the granting of a title of some duchy within this realm. Knows that if it go forward it would be received very offensively by her majesty, and breed a jealousy in her to the hindrance of the treaty. Therefore advises him he would do her majesty and the King good service to dissuade such a purpose, and let the Master of Gray and the rest he deals with understand that it will undoubtedly breed a change and alteration in the good course they are now entered on. It is a request that is likely to sound suspiciously in her majesty's ears, for though there may be precedent of a Scottish king having heretofore enjoyed an English title of honour, yet they were not such as made any claim to the crown on the death of the princes then reigning, and therefore the cases are not alike. Touching the request that her majesty do nothing to the prejudice of the King's title, besides the inconvenience of moving it, it is needless to be desired, for so long as the King carries himself kindly and in good terms of friendship with her majesty, he may rest assured that she will be very loth of herself to do any act that may any way hinder or prejudice him. Touching the doubt conceived of the lords' repair to the Borders, he may assure the Secretary that they have no such intention, nor purpose to do anything without advice and direction from thence.

1¼ pp. Copy. Indorsed: "M. to Mr. Wotton."

41. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. Elizabeth. [July 29. 1585.]

Doubts not that he is advertised of the slaughter of Lord Russell and the taking of Sir John Foster "at the last day of Falsehood," and the manner thereof. Went to the King and aggravated the matter not more than it deserved, but as much as he could. Found him much perplexed, and he sheds tears over it like a newly beaten child, protesting by his honour and crown that he was ignorant of this practice, and desires her majesty not to condemn him for other men's faults or to misconstrue his good meaning by others' evil actions. He would wish all the lords of his Borders dead, so that Lord Russell were alive, whom he loved dearly, having always heard good report of him.

He said his own sincerity should appear by his own deeds, and understanding his suspicion that Arran ["19"] was the contriver, he assured him that he shall be at once apprehended and sent into England to be examined and tried, and if guilty, punished. Either the Master of Gray ["39"] or Justice Clerk ["40"] is to be sent into England with this offer.

Does not believe the King is guilty of this practice. Desires to hear shortly as to how he shall now proceed in the matter of the league, about which the nobility of Scotland are now convened. Is advertised that the King for very grief of this late accident has this day abstained from his meat. The more her majesty takes this treacherous fact to heart, the more assuredly will Arran ["19"] be delivered into her hands.

The Master of Gray ["39"] will be sent into England in two or three days and take Farnyhurst ["24"] with him as prisoner. St. Andrews. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

1 p. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

42. Edward Wotton to Walsingham. [July 30.]

In my last letter of the 29th, I wrote that the King had promised to apprehend "19" [Arran] and send him into England to receive his trial and punishment, if found privy to Farnyhurst's treachery.

He has performed part of his promise. Arran is committed to the castle of this town in the custody of the Abbot of Lindores, a friend of "39" [the Master of Gray]. I doubt not the performance of the rest, for he assured me in verbo principis that if her majesty require him, he will send him into England. I am not to advise your honour, but in my opinion I see no cause why his majesty's fair offer be refused, being certain that the very absence—if there were nothing to be objected—would be his utter ruin. If he were once in your hands matter might be found enough to keep him justly in prison 3 or 4 years, suppose he be not guilty of this practice on the Borders, which being proved, I see no cause why it should not "fett" his life. Certain it is that he has been a great dealer with the highlanders of this country, who are now going to Ireland, to the number of seven or eight hundred men, and this I hope will be proved.

At my request the King has "contremanded" them with promise that if they do not obey he will permit Maclane, who is at deadly feud with Angus M'Connell, to waste and burn Sorll Bwy's [Sorlebois] and Angus's country, which indeed will be the best means to revoke them. It is well known likewise that Arran has been a great practiser with the Duke of Guise, from whom he received a letter in answer to one of his since my coming into this country. This I assure myself will be proved, besides a number of other matters.

The King sent for me yesternight late, whom I found alone in his chamber, very melancholy, and I might well perceive by his swollen eyes that for very grief of the late unfortunate accident he had shed tears after my being with him in the morning. Among other words he used to me, declaring the great sorrows of his heart, he said the point of honour went nearest him, for he feared that this foul fact would bring his honour in question, with such especially who knew not his innocence, who would in all likelihood condemn him as a deep dissembler and breaker of his promise, a vice which he abhorred above all others, and protested he would rather lose all the kingdoms in the world, if he had them, than be found false in the least word that he spake, saying that some Princes have endeavoured themselves, some to be esteemed valiant, some to be reputed wise, but the mark he has, and will always shoot at, is to be found a true Prince of his word.

These words he spoke not without tears, and with such vehemence as makes me assuredly think them void of dissimulation. The King was willing, as I wrote to your highness, to send the Master of Gray into England. Nevertheless he is now persuaded by the Master to send Captain Bruce, who shall be despatched this next day. The Master, I think, shall follow ere long. His majesty means to begin the convention to-morrow. St. Andrews. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

2 pp. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

43. Articles of a Treaty to be made between the Queen of England and the King of Scotland. [July 31.]

(1) That both their majesties finding by the course of the present proceedings in foreign parts that divers Princes terming themselves Catholics, submitting themselves to the Pope's authority, are joined in confederacy with full intent and resolution to prosecute with all severity the professors of the Gospel, in favour of the Pope's authority, not only within their own states and dominions, but also in other kingdoms where they have no authority to deal, have thought it necessary for the preservation of themselves and their dominions and the better maintenance of the true ancient Christian religion, which they profess, not only to unite against such as should attempt anything against them for their said profession of religion by some good and firm league, but to do their best to draw the rest of the Princes professing the same religion to concur with them in that behalf.

(2) That this league, intended for the maintenance and defence of the true religion professed and published by both their majesties within their realms and dominions, shall be both offensive and defensive for causes of religion against any invaders or attempters of the breach of the quiet and peaceable profession of the said true religion within their said realms, notwithstanding any former leagues of friendship between them with any the said invaders, or attempters or enemies of the said religion.

(3) That if the realms of either of their majesties be invaded by any Prince or state whatsoever, or any harm or injury be done to their persons, realms, dominions or subjects, neither of them after due notice thereof given or received shall give any counsel, support, or advice to the said invader, notwithstanding any consanguinity, affinity, or league whatsoever heretofore made or to be made hereafter by their majesties with the Prince that invades.

(4) That in case of invasion they shall assist each other as follows:—

(5) If England be invaded by any foreign force in any part remote from Scotland, the said King shall upon signification from her majesty, furnish at least 2000 horsemen and 5000 footmen, or such part of either of them as at the choice of the said Queen of England shall be required, and cause them to be conducted from the Borders of Scotland next to England, at her majesty's charges, to any part of England.

(6) If Scotland be invaded in like sort, the Queen of England shall, upon signification made to her by the King of Scotland, furnish 3000 horsemen and 6000 footmen at least, or such a part of either of them as at the choice of the said King shall be required, and cause them to be conducted from the Borders of England next to Scotland, at the Queen's charges, to any part of the realm of Scotland.

(7) If the invasion be on the north part of England, within 60 miles of the Borders of Scotland, the King, being so required by the said Queen, shall gather all the forces he can possibly make, at his own charges, to join with the English power, and so to continue the prosecution of the invaders, their aiders and abetters, for 30 days or so much longer, if the case shall require, as the subjects of Scotland have before been wont to tarry in the field for the defence of Scotland at any time past, at the said King's command.

(8) If the invasion should take place in the Queen's realm of Ireland, the said King on notice being given thereof to him by the said Queen, not only should inhibit any of his subjects of Argyll from repairing thither, but also if at other times, contrary to this present treaty, the said inhabitants should repair thither with extraordinary numbers in hostile sort, the said King upon signification thereof given by the said Queen should by public proclamation denounce the said inhabitants so repairing rebels and prosecute them accordingly.

The three articles following were added to those set down by her majesty:—

(9) That the Queen should in no way directly or indirectly prejudice the King's title, or at any time give declaration of any other to succeed her in her crown and realms.

(10) That for the better increase of the amity between the two realms all Scottish subjects become naturalized English and free denizens in all her majesty's dominions, and all of the English nation be naturalized Scottish and free denizens in all his majesty's dominions.

(11) That neither of their majesties shall hereafter give aid or receive or give encouragement, or permit aid to be given to the adversaries or notorious rebels of the other, or suffer them to have public or private residence in their dominions, but shall either after notice given or requisition made on behalf of the Prince to whom they are adversaries, without delay deliver them up according to the old treaty or expel them out of their dominons, and during their abode make full redress for all their attempts.

(12) That all Border questions since the King's coronation be ended by commissioners to be appointed on both sides to meet at the confines for such causes, and all others to be abolished within six months after the conclusion of this treaty.

(13) Neither of their Majesties shall enter into any league or treaty with any other Prince or state whatsoever, to the prejudice of this present treaty, without the consent of the other, by letters signed with their hands, and under their privy signets.

(14) That the league shall be confirmed by the oaths and great seals of both their majesties, and cause it to be delivered each to the other at an appointed time to be agreed on by both their majesties.

(15) That the former treaties between their majesties' progenitors and both realms shall stand still in force, so far as they shall not be found to contain anything derogatory to this present treaty, and that this treaty shall not infringe upon any league or treaty between either of their majesties and any other friends or confederates, except only in causes of religion, in which the present league shall always be offensive and defensive.

(16) The King of Scotland shall, besides, on his reaching the age of 25 years, cause this treaty to be ratified by himself in the parliament of Scotland, and the Queen of England at the same time shall cause it to be ratified by herself in the parliament of England.

[Attached]:—A declaration of the nobility and estates convened at St. Andrews, that they approve of, and agree with all articles of the proposed league, and of any that shall be made by the commissioners appointed by the King of Scotland for the conclusion of the treaty, subscribed by them in the presence of his majesty. St. Andrews, July 31.

[Copy of Vol. VII. No. 655.] Indorsed: "Articles of a treaty betwene her majesty and ye Scottish Kinge."

A consideration had by the Queen upon certain articles of the treaty.

1. Her majesty rests very well satisfied with the King's friendly disposition and good liking that the league offensive and defensive be general without restriction in point of religion, and marvels that the words for causes of religion were inserted, since they were not there in the original, whereof a copy was sent to the King, and therefore thinks the addition of the said words grew from them there.

2. Touching the King's first request in the 9th article, that nothing be done by her majesty to the prejudice of his title, her majesty does not find it convenient to have any such article comprehended in the treaty itself, yielding nevertheless to satisfy his request by her letter under her hand and seal, provided the words "pretended title" be added, for that otherwise she should by such an act yield a plain confirmation of that which hangs in suspense. Besides that, her majesty is to reserve a power to herself to take order for the disposition of the succession to this crown, in case of unkind usage— which she hopes will not fall out towards her—as shall be thought meet to herself, with the assent of the parliament.

3. Touching the 2nd request in the 10th article, the naturalization of the Scots is a matter to be considered in parliament, without whose consent it cannot pass. The granting of the like freedom of that nation in France is not to be considered as a necessary consequence, for as states differ in quality and kind of government, so may the grant be prejudicial to one which, perhaps, is very beneficial to another.

4. Her majesty will agree to the 11th article, provided a clause be added that any such parties to be demanded as rebels "first be lawfully proved to be rebels."

5. Touching the 12th article, of the time how far the mutual redress shall look back, her majesty thinks the time limited in the article sent should be insisted upon still.

An abstract of Mr. Wotton's letter to [ ].

On receipt of his letter of the 5th of this month, procured audience and laid open to the King the Queen's considerations upon the points of the articles altered by him from the original copy, and declared to him the reasons moving her thereto. After long debating it was assented that the 11th article for the delivery of the rebels should pass, with that clause which her majesty thought to be added—"That any such parties to be demanded as rebels shall first be lawfully proved to be rebels" and that none of the other articles should be altered from the original copy. This he granted, on condition her majesty, according to her offer, promise him by her letter under her hand and seal, to do nothing to the prejudice of his title "pretended"—for he is content that word be added—till by his ill usage of her he should justly deserve the contrary. His commissioners for the league shall have authority to determine the Border causes, and for that purpose their bills on this side shall be prepared for the meeting at Berwick, which he wishes may be the 30th of this month, or sooner, if possible.

8½ pp. Indorsed: "Considerations upon the articles of the league intended."

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 298.

Copy of the first part of the same.

Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 307.

Copy of the declaration of the nobility in the same.

Cott. Calig., C. XXVIII., fol. 295b.

Copy of part of the same.

44. Justice Clerk to Walsingham. [July 31.]

"I am sorye at this tyme sutch occasione of wreiting to be ministret to me, quhilk noct onlye I knaw doith greive hir majestie and yow all that loveth the quyetnes of this ile. Bott perhappis at first—being movit with just dolor and sum color noct knawing the King my maisteris equal greiff and honorable memory to hir majestie —manis honoris may be sum part callit in dout, I mein the King my maisteris and sum of owris his majesteis ministeris imployit in yat cuntrye, quhairof I do assur yow in his majesteis beheilff thair is no thyng les, as be the tryal of materis most evidentlye sall appeir, togidder with the King my maisteris honorable procedingis quhair of he hes schawine sutch ane priuff in the beginning, upone suspicione hir majesteis ambassadour had of my lord off Arraine, as boith will content hir majestie, and I am persuadit to all ye Princis in ye world by hir majestie the lyk wald nott have been donne. I do assur yow sir his majestie doith luik yat your honor sall do guid officis at this tyme about hir majestie as in the lyk accident yower honor schew guid pruiff of befoire, in ye Erle of Mortonis tyme. I wald wis that so guid purpoissis as is in dealing betuix thair majesteis suild nott be impedit be accedentis yat fallis furth without the Princes knawledge being so willing to amend all materis as the King my maister is. And now is tyme by your guid dealing perpetualye to retein his majesteis hart, alredye devotit to yow giff his majestie sall heir of your care yat materis be pakit up in the moist esye forme [as] can be to boith thair majesteis honoris, quhairof for my awin part I have assurit thair vill lak no thing in yow yat your credit may performe. Sua leving all uther materis to the declaratione off the berare Capitane Bruice quham his majestie hes derectit to the Quenes majestie your mistres expreslye for this behalff, I committ your honour to God." St. Andrews. Signed: The Justice Clark.

²/3 p. Holograph, also address. Indorsed.

45. Sir John Foster to Edward Wotton. [July 31.]

The bearer, Robert Carvell, will be able to shew him, better than he can write, the manner and circumstance of the death of Lord Russell, who came thither against his [Foster's] will about certain particular causes of his own. Cannot but judge that the coming of the warden thither, in such sort as was not ordinary or used before, but in warlike manner with "ensigne and pensell and a drome," and with "the power of East and West Tividale, the Mars and all Jedworthe," was of some set purpose meaning no good to England, but whether to seek some revenge for what was done on the West Marches, or not, knows not. At the first meeting and joining together, said before England and Scotland that if he had known of their coming in such sort, he would not have met them without being better provided. As they sat calling their bills a fray arose between the evil disposed people of England and Scotland for a little "pykerie" amongst themselves, and though he ordered the party suspected of it to be hanged, and the matter pacified for a time, immediately after the Scots broke out again with sound of drum, in such sort that they were past staying, as the opposite warden and gentlemen there can declare.

Considers the opposite warden should search for the killer of this nobleman. Refers all other things to the credit and report of the bearer. Alnwick.

1 p. Copy. Indorsed: "Copie of Sir John Foster's letter to Mr. Wotton."

46. Edward Wotton To Walsingham. [July 31.]

The opinion of the best affected here to "36" [England] and "27" is that "3" [the Queen] would do well to seem to take great offence at the death of Lord Russell, upon assurance that it was a plot laid between "19" [Arran] and "24" [Farnyhust], the latter being a man professed of the French faction, a follower of "9" [the Duke of Guise] and at "19" [Arran's] disposition, and finally one who has sought the Queen's destruction, as is notoriously known to the whole world, and confessed by Parry. The good managing of this matter, so that "10" [the Scottish King] be not moved to despair of the Queen's sound affection and loving mind towards him, and so utterly fall from this course and take some new resolution, will work so that either Arran is sent into England to be tried whether he be guilty of the death of Lord Russell, or at least that he and Montrose are sent thither as pledges for the good keeping of the league, especially if the Queen stand upon this point with the King, that though she, considering the great and many protestations he has made to her under his own hand, rests assured of the King's sound meaning towards her, yet the nobility and Protestants of the country having heard these bruits, which come continually out of France, that notwithstanding all outward shows the King is in his heart inclined to the French course, cannot be persuaded that this league will continue any long time, unless Arran and Montrose, who are known to be enemies to it, be sent into England as hostages for the performance of the same. These men assure him that they will so work the King that he shall forbear to demand reciprocally the like of England. Thinks it hard to bring about, but in truth "27" [Maitland] "con questo re puo fare tutto quello che vuole," so singular opinion—not without cause—has the King, of his wisdom.

Sends a form drawn up by the Secretary on the ground of the first article of the league, to which the estates of the country are to subscribe at the convention. St. Andrews. Signed: Edwarde Wotton.

1 p. Partly in cipher, deciphered by Walsingham. Holograph. Addressed. Indorsed.

47. Sir John Maitland To Walsingham. [July 31.]

Although the malice of this time and the late unhappy accident fallen out on the Borders of this realm—which has caused the bearer to be directed to the Queen—minister more ample than pleasant subject, and require a more full despatch, being occupied about the public affairs at this assembly of the estates of this realm, and the sudden departure of the bearer, is constrained to commit to his report what he would more willingly have written.

Assures him of his fidelity and good affection to the amity and their service, craves his favour in this himself, and beseeches him to take his excuse in good part. From the Court at St. Andrews. Signed: Jo. Maitland.

½ p. Addressed. Indorsed.

48. Laird of Arbroath to James Hudson. [July 31.]

"Brother, this leit axcedent may apeir parschance to sowm, ane gret lat in this gud powrposse begown betwixt hir majesty and owr maistir the Kyngis majesty, bot in werrie trewth and on my honowr and credeit it is the thing in the worlde that ewer I sawe his majesty taik mest thoght off, ya in sik a fasson as naithair met, drink nor sleip would he taik the spaice of fowr and twanttie howrris, and no man cowm neir him quhair or dowrst, saving my lord imbastowr, the Master of Gray, the Cecrittair and Justeice Clark. Ye knawing his fassownis and quhow lytill cair ye sowm tym haiv sein him taik in werie gret maittiris may esally juge withowt my help quhat hes bein at his stomak, as lykwais his majesty pressent warding off the Erll of Arrain. I assur yow withowt any disseimbling or pollasse; cowm heiraftir quhat God pleissis, bot this I will afferime, be it waisly and weill gufarnid, this mishap fallin owtt now salbe the only happinesse and winning of this cawis presently in hand. And let no man think bot at this pressent his majesty is als ernist and hail on the parforming of this leg and amittie as ewer I knew him in any of his pastaimes, and mair fordward I beleif ye wald nott wische him nor no man els. His majesty and the imbastowr had concludit I sowld haiv cowm this woyage, bot aftirward it was staitt and I know be quhom abowt his majesty hand it is all alyk. Yit giff I cowld haiv doin any gud or mair nor this that cowmis, I wald to God it had cost me the painis and mair; giff nott, it is baist as it cowmis alway by the sukssesse of it quhilk we will get heir. Ye knaw I wald glaidly heir yowr oppinion quhithair it had bein fitest I had cowm or nott for ye will sei thair that I can nott no way, being heir and I pray yow for it.

Ye remember it was yowr ernist dessyr that I sowld do quhat I cowld at his majesty's hand tuiching Mr. Artchbald Dowglasse and now I will assur yow his majesty's oppinion is so of him that he may think his painis tein, and to taik so weill bistowitt that he may assur himself to be in Skotland with fawowr or it be ane half yeir to ane end, prowyding he continew as I am soir he will, being so werrie waisse as I taik him to be. His majesty is nott only content to heir gud spokin of him bot lyk waise praissis his behawiowr and witt winderfowlly all thir yeir bygain, bot in speciall this Follmonth. I am blaith to heir his graice speik gud of the Cecrittair and yit to taill the werrie trewth it is nott so as I wald haiv it altogethair, albeit weil anewghe, and is assurrit that it growisse daly bettir, and so will continew. His majesty hesse ane werie gud lyking of Sir Philip Sidnay, to quhom I wald pressent my humble commendationis of serweice. It is my dewttie many waisse, and ane becawis the imbastowr heir schew me that his lordship had rememberance of my being in Inglande and that he was aquentt with me. I esteim meikill of it and will serw him." St. Andrews. Signed: "Be youris in wontid fason, W. Keithe."

Postscript, in the Master of Gray's hand.—"James, I commend me pairtly to you and willis you to do ye same to all my freindis in my name, bot cheifly to Sir Philip Sidny. Pray him yatt he do according to ye post script of my lettire, for in yatt standis my weil and utherwayis my overthrow. It may fortun I see you or it be long." From Court. Signed: Master of Gray.

2½ pp. Holograph, also address, "To my werie luifing brother James Hudsown, serwand to his Kyngis m. of Skotland."

49. Master of Gray to Mr. Archibald Douglas. [July 31.]

Has written before how sorely the King took the death of Lord Russell, lest it should overthrow the whole course [of the league]. His majesty continues in the same opinion yet, and for assurance of his honest meaning in the course, has written to the Queen that there is no satisfaction she may crave but it will be obtained, and as a beginning has committed the Earl of Arran, whom all consider culpable of the late attempt to the castle of St. Andrews. His brother-in-law the Abbot of Lindores is his keeper, and will keep him safe enough. If the Queen is not satisfied with his imprisonment, if she crave that he [Arran] should be sent into England, it will be done. The King has entered so far with her that he is loth to retire therefrom.

Desires him to speak with his friends that now is the time, and chiefly to Walsingham. Matters here could not have turned out better had they been wished, but "many good taile is awil spilt in ye telling." The bearer, who is instructed at length, will show him his mind in things at greater length. Prays he will credit him, for the matter touches him so "heichtly" that he would not commit it to any kind of paper, but rather has remitted it to his credit. St. Andrews. Signed: "Yours knowin—."

Postscript, in another hand.—Prays he will now hold hard to matters, as the bearer will inform him, or every man who has "meilit" in this cause is wrecked. Trusts in the Secretary.

1 p. In the Master of Gray's hand. Addressed by him: "To his assureit freind Mr. Ar. Doug." Indorsed: "A letter written out of Scotland to Mr. Archibald Douglas."

50. Elizabeth to the Lord President of the North and Lord Evers. [July.] Cott. Calig., C. VIII., fol. 294. b.

"Minute of a letter to the lord President and lord Evers."

It has been thought meet between the King of Scotland and ourselves, that we should, for the mutual defence of our realms, especially at this time of many tokens of a general confederacy against such princes as make profession of the Gospel, unite ourselves together by some straighter bond of amity than has heretofore been between our progenitors, for which purpose articles have passed between us; which being agreed on, we both think meet be reduced to a treaty, and confirmed by the subscription of special commissioners chosen by each of us, and authorised by commissioners respectively under the great seals of both realms.

We are further agreed that such Border griefs and other controversies as depend yet unredressed between the wardens of both our realms, shall now be determined by our said commissioners, and have made special choice of you to use your service in respect of the great trust we repose in your wisdom. We have also appointed for your assistance John Harbert, esquire, doctor of civil laws, to repair to you, with our commission and instructions how you shall direct yourself in the said charge.

1 p. Copy.

51. Postils to the Ambassador of Scotland's Articles. [July.]

1. The said ambassador not resting satisfied with Lord Scrope's answer, new letters are written to his lordship, containing the exceptions he takes to the said answer, whereunto as soon as his reply is returned the ambassador shall be made acquainted withal.

2. An authentic copy shall be delivered to him of the process required by him.

3. The particular complaints being received and duly proved, as good justice shall be done as if the parties grieved were her majesty's own subjects.

4. Order is given for the apprehension of such as are suspected to have been parties of the said horrible murder, and justice shall be extended against those who by due proof are found culpable, with all severity.

5. Order is given to the judge of the Admiralty to see satisfaction done to the complaining parties with all expedition.

6. As soon as due proof is given to the judge of the Admiralty that the goods brought in by Cooke and Smith belong to his majesty's subjects, he is directed to see restitution made with all expedition.

7. Order has been given for judicial proceedings against such as were of Stranguish's consort and company, he himself being not yet apprehended. Any goods taken by him, belonging to his majesty's subjects being found, shall be restored.

Resolutions taken upon conference with the Scottish ambassador.

1. Letter to be written to Lord Scrope that in case redress is made for the spoils committed by Ball and Carlel, and security given for their good behaviour, they shall be liberated.

2. The commission for the receivers and abettors of pirates to be renewed.

3. The judge of the Admiralty to set down the particulars of the Scottish complaints, and what has been done for redress.

4. A lieutenant to be established for England.

2 pp. Indorsed. Latter half in Walsingham's hand.

52. Memoir of Small Pleasures for the King of Scotland. [July.]

1. "Leie, buckis or abowe" to be sent at this time or season most convenient. 2. Some hunting horses, referring the number to her majesty. 3. Fifty choice "bow stawis" to be "choisit" in the Tower. 4. Some buckhounds to the number of four couples.

Memoir of certain private instructions. [In the hands of Mr. Archibald Douglas.] 1. That her majesty may be moved to give answer concerning the motion of the King's marriage, having regard to the circumstances. 2. To direct an ambassador to Scotland, and that his name may be known, to the end that he may receive information of matters to be done there. 3. That her majesty may let her understand her meaning towards the affairs of the Low Countries and how the King should behave in that matter. 4. That her pleasure be known relating to the lands of the late Earl of Lennox and Lady Margaret Douglas, to whom the King is undoubted heir. 5. Also her pleasure concerning the entry of the Carrs, suspected of the detestable murder of Sir Francis Russell. 6. And that her pleasure be known concerning the payment of the 20,000 crowns promised by her ambassador to the King of Scotland.

1 p. Indorsed: "Certayn nottis."