Henry VIII: June 1544, 11-15 | British History Online

Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 19 Part 1, January-July 1544. Originally published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1903.

'Henry VIII: June 1544, 11-15', in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 19 Part 1, January-July 1544, (London, 1903) pp. 418-441. British History Online https://www.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol19/no1/pp418-441 [accessed 25 April 2024]

June 1544, 11-15



11 June.	669. Henry VIII. to Cranmer.
	See No. 731.
11 June.	670. The Privy Council to Hertford.
Add. MS. 32,655, f. 25. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 260. Haynes' St. Papers, 42.	Send herewith the King's letters for his return, and letters and commission to Shrewsbury to supply the place of lieutenant general there, to whom he shall communicate all affairs. Then, taking special note of the state of the Borders and what things neel reform, to be declared to the King, he shall repair hither. Enclose minute of a letter (fn. n1) to be sent by Wharton to Glincarn. St. James's, 11 June 1544.
	P.S.—Shrewsbury's commission shall be sent by next post.
	Draft, p. 1. Endd.: The minute from the Counsaile to th'erle of Hertford, xj^o Junii a^o 1544.
Hatfield MS. 231, No. 52. [Cal. of Cecil MSS. Pt. i., 173.]	2. Original letter of which the above is the draft, and from which it is printed in Haynes. Signed by Wriothesley, Suffolk, Essex, Lisle, Winchester, Westminster, St. John, Gage, Wyngfeld and Petre.
	P. 1. Add. Endd.: From the Lords, rec. xiij Junii.
June.	671. Henry VIII. to Shrewsbury.
Add. MS. 32,655, f. 80. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 274.	Having resolved to revoke Hertford, now occupying the place of lieutenant general in those parts, has appointed Shrewsbury to replace him, and now sends commission under the Great Seal therefor. Having at the late journey into Scotland done such acceptable service, for which the King hereby thanks him, no doubt he will so endeavour to execute this charge that the King's good expectation of him will be augmented.
	Draft, pp. 3. Endd.: Mynute to th'erle of Shrewsbery, Junii 1544.
11 June.	672. The Privy Council to [Norfolk].
Harl. MS. 6,989, f. 111. B. M.	We have received from my lord of Hertford a docquet of the payments to such as served in the late voyage into Scotland, and send you the copy in case any of them should demand wages contrary to it. As great numbers of the army, both voward, rearward and battle, are daily transported, the King's pleasure is that you take order to spare, as much as possible, the horsemeat and grass within the Pale until his Grace's repair to Calais. Also, being informed that if all should pass to Dover they cannot well be furnished with victuals in Kent, the King has appointed that those of the battle who have men out of Essex, Suffolk and Norfolk shall transport at Ipswich or Harwich, and such as have men out of Surrey, Sussex and Hampshire shall transport at Eye and Winchelsey; for which transportation you shall send hoys and vessels to the said ports.
	"We speak of sending hoys and vessels to Rye and Winchelsey because we doubt whether, upon occasion of the proclamation, all be repaired to Dover." St. James's, 11 June 1544. Signed by Wriothesley, Suffolk, Essex, Winchester, Westminster, St. John, Gage, Wyngfeld and Petre.
	P. 1. Not addressed. Endd.: A Regio Consilio.
11 June.	673. Sir George Douglas to Hertford.
Add. MS. 32,655, f. 35. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 264(1).	A convention sat in Lytko, 28 May, and was transported to Sterling, 29 May, where were the Queen and Governor and most of the nobles. Meanwhile Douglas rode to Dumbarten and consulted with his cousin Glencarne to ride to Sterling and see if the Governor might be deposed. Came to Sterling 3 June and got the lords to charge the Governor with having, by the Cardinal's counsel, broken the peace and marriage with England (and so brought the English army to destroy a great part of this country), and to require him, as perjured, to resign his office. He promised answer the next day and meanwhile stole away with two men only to Blaknes castle. The lords then discharged him of the government by proclamations in the principal towns, and summoned him to appear on 28 July in Edinburgh to hear himself degraded of his office, in Parliament, as his choice had been ratified in Parliament. The lords advised to name the Queen as ruler, but Douglas showed them that she was a woman and too weak to rule; so they named Angus, Huntley, Argaylle and Boduell. Said that Lenos was before Boduell; and "they confessed this same, if he had not taken part with England." Devised then that they should join 12 earls with the Queen; and they agreed, having four bishops joined with the 12 earls. Arren being discharged and no man having power to use the government until Parliament degrades him, Douglas thought meanwhile to learn the King's pleasure. It was devised to make Boduell lieutenant of the Borders, and give him 1,000 horsemen and 400 hackbutiers, and 5l. a day for his own charges, but the writer suggested that Angus was a meeter man and got him chosen, although no man can give him commission until Parliament degrades the Governor. Writings are come from France that 18 score sail are coming hither with men, money, victuals and munitions.
	Desires to have a wise man appointed to be at Berwick, authorised to meet him secretly, and hear and answer his questions, and suggests Mr. Schelle as suitable, because he is there present. Desires Hertford's writing to assure him against Englishmen, as he will come with only one or two men. Has ordered a servant in the Kamilis beside Berwick to bring writings from Hertford. Edinburgh, 11 June.
	P.S.—The Queen and lords will send a herald with a writing to the King, desiring a passport for ambassadors to come with offers. "There is no great hurt to hear their offers." Signed.
	Pp. 4. Endd.: Sir George Duglas to th'erle of Hertford, xj^o Junii 1544.
11 June.	674. Norfolk and Others to Henry VIII.
R. O.	Yesterday Mons. de Reux sent the captain of Gravelinge to me, with letters of credence, who desired to know which way I would take. I answered that I much desired his opinion therein. He said that De Reux's opinion was in nowise to abuse ourselves with Arde or Boleyn, being so well fortified, but besiege Monstrell, which might be won unless the Frenchmen put 7,000 or 8,000 men in it. I asked "what news he had of any assembling of men in Fraunce. He said that of [tr]eu[th] the French king had xvth or xvjth thousand Swysers," and looked for 6,000 or 7,000 Almains, and had 8,000 footmen of his own subjects with 1,500 or 1,600 light horses and 1,500 men of arms, led by the Dolphyn and Marischall Hanyball, who should all be sent to beard the Emperor and devastate the country before him; also Mons. de Vandosme with 1,500 men of arms, 800 or 900 light horses and 10,000 or 12,000 of Bolonoyse, Pycardye, Normandye and Brytons, would likewise beard your Majesty's army. He said that, if I went to Monstrell, we should have victuals out of Flanders; for he would lie about Fawconberge with 5,000 or 6,000 footmen and 500 or 600 horsemen, so that victuals might come without danger of the French garrisons; advising me to leave a band of Almains at his appointment for their more sure conveyance. He said there was but one way to pass the Somme, viz., above Braye, "where my lord of Suffolk came over homewards." (fn. n2) By the way the army should be furnished out of the Emperor's country; and Braye should then be fortified and kept, and he rather thought that De Reux would help to garrison it. He could not tell what other towns on the Somme should be kept, but Mons. de Reux, at his coming, on Saturday next, would show his opinion therein. He did not think there was any good passage between Abbevyle and the sea, for good vessels came up to Abbevyle; but he was born within four miles of Braye and knew that the army might pass there in despite of the enemies. "And Sir, this was th'effect of his communing with me, evermore laying his load upon That in nowise your Highness should not consume no time in laying siege where was no likelihood in brief time to win the same."
	On Monday (fn. n3) last at 4 p.m., "Mons. d[e] ................. and hathe put in to the same fyfty men of armes of Rochpottes bande with their archers, and have not past fyfty horses with them, and one thowsande fotemen, and have put owt of the towne all unable persons for the warr," and likewise at Boleyn, whence they daily carry their stuff to Abbevyle. Never were worse espials than here. Saynt Martein is a false knave, or he might have advertised the victualling of Arde. None of the Council here trust him, but lord Graye and Hall. Yesterday after the arrival of Mons. de Curryer, at supper, came Mr. Secretary Patchet, with whom Mr. Treasurer and I had long conference, as commanded, to learn what came of his charges to the Emperor. Among other things, "of which I liked not all well," I marked the high words of Landeburge to Stephen Vaughan, and think it difficile to cause him to attend on your royal person with his horsemen and send his footmen with our company, and that, whether his bands are together or separate, there will be business with them. Begs final instructions for his marching hence. Has desired Mr. Treasurer and Mr. Walloppe to subscribe this letter without making others privy thereto. Calais, 11 June. Signed: [T. N] orff [olk]: T. Cheyne: John Wallop.
	Pp. 4. Fly leaf, with address, lost.
11 June.	675. Norfolk and Others to the Council.
R. O.	My lords, as I have written my opinion to the King I forbear to molest you therewith; but desire you to help that I may have answer soon, also to send the 160,000l. to be carried hence with me, for it will be some time ere such a sum is "telled," and tarrying here for it would be very wasteful, and departing hence without it more than folly, "considering the not possibility to be conveyed in surety to me." Here is such scarcity of hay and grass that he must depart, and intends to lie on Sunday night (fn. n4) in the enemies' ground if all his company are here, but none are yet come of Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Cambridge or Lincolnshire, nor his own household who embarked at London on Saturday, with all his baggage, and a great part of the noblemen. The King's servants, victuallers, here say that the rates of the carriages made there are too large, as appears by their bill enclosed; "which before my departure I declared to you, my lords of Wynchester and Chambrelayne, that I thought would prove so; wherefore, if ye continue in th'opinion that the said proportion of victuals rated to be carried will serve, ye shall be deceived, or else the King's servants here and I be marvellously abused, which by proof we see at our eye." They also complain of lack of harness and weapons, as do Mr. Harlestone's company. (fn. n5) The remedy for harness must come from England, and I will, if commanded, take weapons from the King's store here. Calyce, 11 June. Signed: T. Norffolk: T. Cheyne: John Wallop.
	Pp. 2.
R. O.	2. Bill, addressed at the head to the duke of Norfolk, stating that 300 conductors and watchers are appointed to the survey of victuals for the vanguard, but no harness or weapons for them. That the 168 waggons appointed to the victuallers are rated to carry 30 cwt.; but, by proof, in carrying beer and wine to Guisnes, they will not carry above two pipes, or four hogsheads or five barrels, which varies from the rate "in every load of pipes one pipe, in every load of hogsheads two hogsheads and in every load of barrels five barrels." The waggons are not so furnished but that the perfecting of them will be chargeable. Signed: James Gage: Robert Pakenham: Anthony Birkes: Richard Ward: William Milward: George Stonehouse.
	Memorandum by Norfolk.—That he has examined this matter in presence of the King's officers and Mr. Rous, but, as they have not proved for the weight of 30 cwt., they will not oppose Mr. Rous's opinion that it may be done. However, the "number of carriages that shall go by weight is not above v., and therefore your wisdoms can consider the lack shall be of furniture."
	P. 1.
11 June.	676. The Queen of Hungary to Chapuys.
R. O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 121.]	Has received his letters of the 7th inst. answering hers of the last of the past month, together with the patents; and herewith sends the like for those there, and has ordered publication in all ports. As she advertised him by her last, the French went out from Lutzembourg on the 6th inst. between 6 and 7 a.m., to the number of 1,400 (having previously allowed a list to be made of the artillery and munitions, being 41 cast pieces and 140 barrels of powder) without having spoilt anything. The town is so well fortified that if they had had victuals it would not have been pregnable. Was pleased to hear that the passenger ships of this country were arrived and will not retard the passage of the army. As to the wagons, he has learnt by her last what she has done and the slender fashion used therein by the English, sending a single man to levy and conduct 3,000 horses and 1,500 or 1,500 (sic) wagonners, without instruction or a letter to anyone here who might have aided him—as has been amply shown to the prime secretary Paget, who passed here on the 9th, when she was at the chase. After waiting for Paget's coming two days she went to the fields, leaving order to send her notice of his coming, and although he was told that she would be sent for and would return within two or three hours, because, he said, he had nothing important to declare, she having heard what passed at Spers, and the Sieur de Courrieres was already departed, he would not have her leave the chase. In that he was courteous, but she would rather have spoken with him than taken her pastime, were it only to make her affectionate recommendations to the King, with thanks for his honorable message brought when he passed the first time; in which, nevertheless, he said he would do his duty, and the Sieur de Corrieres will supply the rest.
	As to the victuals, although she has for a long time made preparations, and published placards for the freedom of the victuallers and given written advertisement to the ambassador deceased, has not yet heard from England how they desire to be served. Will do no less therein than for the Emperor's army. Hopes that the ships of war under the Sieur de Beures are now on the sea, as De Beures wrote that they only awaited the wind, which for two days past has been propitious. Wrote in her last that Chapuys should require the King to send Octavien Bos to Gravelinge, as he would easily do with the men of war who are crossing and she would find difficult in England without his assistance. If the King wishes to deliver him to Chapuys instead, some ship of this country must be found to carry him bound into Zealand or Antwerp.
	Fr. Modern transcript of the original minute at Vienna, pp. 2. Original headed: De xi^e de Juing 1544.
11 June.	677. Wotton to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., ix. 701.	The Frenchmen delivered Luxenburgh to the Viceroy upon Friday (fn. n6) last, leaving it well fortified, and therein 42 pieces of ordnance. The Prince of Orange is arrived at the Camp; and now they march towards Toulle, as Don Francisco de Este has written to the ambassador of Ferrara. The news of Barbarossa's departure, carrying away the prior of Capua and Captain Paulin, with six of the French king's galleys and almost all his "forsares," continues, as Granvele says. The ambassador of Ferrara has a suspicion that they go to Tunyse; but Granvele is sure that the Turk has revoked Barbarossa. The Diet concluded yesterday. The Empire has already granted against next year, to the war offensive against the Turk, 30,000 footmen and 10,000 horsemen for two years, which number the Emperor desires to be augmented. The Protestants will deliver Duke Henry of Brunswick's lands to the Emperor upon conditions to be settled with their ambassadors. The Emperor departed yesterday for Metz. Granvele tarries, peradventure till to-morrow, to "seal the recess of the Diet," &c. Encloses copy of the treaty between the Emperor and the Danes, in Dutch, subscribed by Secretary Joisse Bave, with a Latin translation. (fn. n7)
	Petrus Appianus, "a man of great name in the arts mathematicals," has shown Wotton that, hearing of Henry's learning and delight in liberal sciences, he meant to present a book of his own, named Astronomicum Cesareum, containing divers new things. He has printed it himself, as he does all his books, and not above sixteen or seventeen copies, and, albeit it is dedicated to the Emperor and his brother, he would send it because otherwise Henry could not come by it. This Apianus is the ordinary reader of the "mathematecalles" in the Unyversitie of Ingolstadt, and is very familiar with the Fowkers, through whose agent in England an answer may be sent him.
	Writes not of the recess of the Diet, as his fellow Chr. Mounte is writing, who was at the reading of it. Has had great help from Mounte here, and testifies to his diligence in Henry's service. Spyre, 11 June 1544. Signed.
	Pp. 3. Add. Sealed. Endd.
11 June.	678. Wotton to Paget.
R. O.	On the evening of the 9th inst. received the treaty of Denmark, written in Dutch, as it was made, and subscribed by Secretary Joisse Bave.^* Sends it herewith, together with a Latin translation received from Bave. Luxenburgh was delivered on Friday (fn. n8) last. There went out 1,500 Frenchmen "lean, weak, famished and dead for hunger, even like as I look that we shall be when we come out of France." The Emperor will not now meddle with Ivois and the rest of Luxenburgh occupied by Frenchmen, but march on. Mons. de Guyse lies about Lorayne. The ambassador of Ferrara has heard that the King comes not over; and can hardly be persuaded otherwise, because the duke of Alberquerque goes into Spain. Has no news out of England since Paget left. The Diet is ended and another assigned to 1 Oct. at Wormes. "The Emperor, the king of Romayns and all the Estates being set in the Council house at the conclusion of this Diet, came in Duke Albert of Mecchleburgh, who lighted but even then from his horse: so that he may say that he was at the Diet too." Spyre, 11 June 1544. Signed.
	P. 1. Add. Endd.
11 June.	679. Chr. Mont to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., ix. 704.	Two days ago those who are called Catholics signified in open Council that they could not assent to or subscribe the pacification delivered to the Emperor by the Imperial Commissioners Palatine and Brandenburg, of which Mont wrote in his last. Upon this unexpected protest, the Emperor commanded the States to assemble at 4 a.m. next morning, when, after they had, with the King of Romans, discussed these dissensions until 9 a.m., he himself joined them, and the recess of the Diet was read. Gives it, from memory, touching the payments for the aid to compel the French king to leave his alliance with the Turk, the contribution for next year's offensive war against the Turk (special condition for Jews) the appointment of next Diet for 1 Oct. at Worms, the prohibition of serving against the Emperor or Empire, the expulsion of the wandering people called Saracens, and the preservation of internal peace.
	After months of altercation upon religion and the judgments (juditiorum constitutio), when the Emperor had appointed his commissioners for a pacification and everyone was expecting peace, lo! a few of the Catholics, viz., Mayence with the bishops and the duke of Brunswick (apart from the chiefs of their opinion, as Treves, Palatine, Bavaria and Cleves and all the cities) have openly protested that they cannot acquiesce. In the tumult thus aroused the Emperor and King of the Romans have made a decree (recited) deferring matters until the Diet of 1 Oct.
	Immediately upon the promulgation of the statutes, the Emperor started for Luxemburg. Duke Maurice awaits him in the way, eight miles hence, with 1,000 horsemen; and Albert Margrave of Brandenburg joins him by the way with the like number. It is rumoured that 70,000 Turks have entered Hungary. Spires, 11 July 1544.
	Lat. Hol., pp. 4. Endd.
12 June.	680. Robert Bonner to Lord Cobham.
Harl. MS. 283, f. 308 B. M.	As commanded to report the price of wood, fish and wethers, certifies that wood (without carriage to the waterside) is 2s. 8d. a thousand and carriage of it is sometimes 2s., but when the ways are fairest 20d.; wethers are 4s. 8d. a piece and fish in the "mude," not dried, 4l. a hundred. I beg to have your Lordship's letter forthwith for "astayenge" of my ship and 12 men to be always at your commandment. Lyghe, 12 June.
	Hol. p. 1. Add.: To, &c., lord Cobbam, lorde debite of the Kinges Majesties towne of Calice.
	ii. [Lord Cobham to Paget.]
	Mr. Secretary, this Friday morning I received a letter from a friend declaring that, whereas the King gave my lord of Arundell 200l. yearly above the allowance of his patents, that 200l. is now to be diminished by 100 marks, "which methinketh might have stande as it was, considering the charges I shall be put to this year." I desire no gains of the office, but have sold to set me forth land worth 30l a year." Pray move my lord Chancellor for his favour; "for without both your helps I shall be undone in this office, I perceive by the beginning."
	Draft in a clerk's hand at the foot of the preceding, p. 1.
	iii. Indenture, made 12 June 36 Hen. VIII., between Lord Cobham and Nic. Hilles of Rochester, smith, of the purchase from Hilles of 60,000 of oak billett at 4s. 8d. to be delivered "on thesside" before 1 March next, in part payment of which 4l. 6s. 8d. is now paid.
	Draft in a clerk's hand on the back of the preceding, p. 1.
12 June.	681. The Privy Council to Wotton.
R. O.	The King having lately addressed servants to Acon to take musters of the horsemen and footmen brought by Chr. van Landemburgh for his service against France, has answer that Landemburgh, contrary to his covenants (which Wotton knows) and the enlargement of pays granted when Mr. Vaughan went to deliver his prest, now refuses to serve except he have a further entertainment; on the plea that the Emperor paid more last year than this. If so, as the King would wish that the Emperor gave no such occasion of hindrance, so, he thinks it "more than necessary that th'Emperour have such special regard to the said Landembergh, and take some such honorable order herein as his Majesty may be certainly informed after what rate so far [the Emperor payeth this year] (fn. n9) as this manner of proceeding be not example to others to do the semblable and give them occasion to break the like pacts and covenants with other princes, whereby the credit of that nation might be much impaired in th'estimation of the world." Wotton is, therefore, to obtain and send hither a book signed by the Emperor "setting forth the natures and qualities of the said pays." Enclose copy of their letter now addressed to those who have the charge of mustering Landemburgh's men, showing the resolution to which the King has been moved; and doubtless the Emperor will be much more offended and take this resolution in good part.
	Draft, pp. 7. Endd.: The minute to Doctor Wotton from the Counsail, xij^o Junii a^o 1544.
12 June.	682. The Privy Council to Fane and Wyndebank.
R. O.	The King, understanding by letters from Sir Wm. Pagett, one of his principal secretaries, the state of affairs with Landenberghe, commands them (if they have not otherwise agreed with Landenberghe than at the despatch of Paget's said letters) to withdraw secretly into some good town, out of Landenberghe's danger, and thence write to him that, learning his manner of proceeding and his words "that he mindeth not to serve except things may be directed to his own pleasure," the King wills them to signify that (whereas, when he first sued to enter the King's service, he covenanted for the wages of his band according to articles signed by him, which remain with the King, and afterwards the King enlarged the "said pacts" and gave like entertainment as the Emperor gives, and thereupon he received of the King's commissioners prest and conduct money, and so wrote of his forwardness to serve that the King chose him with 1,000 of his best horsemen to attend upon his own person in the middle ward, as appears by his Grace's late letters to them, and now, since that second agreement, he has reported that the King gave more than the Emperor and so caused mutiny among divers Almains of the Emperor, and again, "varvyng" from his second promise, refuses to proceed to his appointed place "except he may eftsoons have such further entertainment as himself now prescribeth"), as he declares himself "to be a man of such courage as feareth not to displease king nor emperor," but shows himself, by his obstinate proceedings, no such man as was looked for, the King has resolved not to use the service either of him or any of his band; and doubts not but the Emperor will have respect to their proceedings and desire others within his dominions to accomplish their promises.
	The King desires 12 drummers and 12 fifers, of the best, to be employed in these wars; thinking that if Landenberghe's band break and scatter they may be provided there. If Landenberghe's men desire conduct money homewards, he may be told, by letter, that more than enough for that "hath been delivered unto them by you for their month's wages." Immediately upon receipt of this you shall practise secretly to get to the King's service 1,000 of Landenburgh's horsemen, telling some who seem meet to work by that the horsemen need not withdraw, although Landenburgh and the footmen vary from their promise, for the King will willingly use their services. Thus the King thinks that "he shall not only be well rid of the rest but also honorably despatched of Landenbergh with such a blot as he hath well deserved."
	Draft, partly in Petre's hand, pp. 8. Endd.: The minute from the Counsaill to Raff Fane and Richard Wynbank, xij^o Junii a^o 1544.
12 June.	683. The Privy Council to Norfolk.
Harl. MS. 6,989, f. 113. B. M.	Upon consultation here for the victualling of the voward, rearward and King's battle on this side "the walter of Summe, there hath been amongst us such an opinion conceived of the greediness of them of Flanders to have our money as they will spare no travail, ne fear any jeopardous danger, to adventure to repair with victuals to our armies," whereupon we stay whether to provide carriages for the provisions, which "were, for the excessive charge thereof, to be eschewed." You shall take occasion to devise with the Great Master of that matter, to know whether he will employ the garrisons of that country to conduct the victuallers and preserve them from the garrisons of Turwen, Arde and Montrel; to the intent that, upon certainty of what victualling may be had from Flanders, provision may be made. Upon your answer diligent order shall be taken. St. James's, 12 June 1544. Signed by Wriothesley, Suffolk, Essex, Winchester, Westminster, St. John, Gage and Petre.
	In Gardiner's hand, pp. 2. Add.: Captain of the voward and lieutenant of the said voward and rearward in the King's Majesty's absence.
12 June.	684. Hertford and Others to Henry VIII.
Add. MS. 32,655, f. 26. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 261.	Enclose letters received this afternoon from Wharton and Sir Ralph Eure, warden of the Middle Marches, to Hertford, with a letter from lord Maxwell's priest to one Thomson, Wharton's deputy customer. Eure's letter shows that Jedworthe is well burnt. The bringer of it, Ralph Hogeson, says that on Monday night (fn. n10) lord Eure and Sir Ralph, as appointed, took their journey into Scotland, and, on Tuesday morning, (fn. n11) summoned the provost and burgesses of Jedworthe to deliver the town, they should suffer no damage and be garrisoned and defended, but if they refused, man, woman and child should be slain. The provost and burgesses answered that lords Hume, Sesford and others had willed them to keep the town and promised aid, desiring 12 hours' respite in which to send to lord Hume. Thereupon the town was assaulted and won without resistance, but the Scots had fled out carrying the goods of the town and abbey with them. As the town could not be kept with any convenient number it was all burnt, and the abbey likewise. They then returned, thinking to burn the villages on the way, but espied smoke and fire in England about 14 miles off. Thereupon Sir Ralph took 500 of the best horsemen, leaving his father to return home, and repaired with speed towards the fire, Thos. Forster, one of the pensioners, and 30 others making straight for the fire, and Sir Ralph going between the Scots and home. Forster found the Scots at least 900 horsemen and not past 100 footmen, and gave them such an onset that they "fled upon the spurs." In the chase, which was taken up by Sir Ralph with 80 horsemen (for the rest had tired their horses in coming) the laird of Cockborne was taken, and many Scottish gentlemen taken and slain. The Warden's company are all returned home safe, except one Irishman and one Englishman slain, but they spoilt so many horses that no enterprise will be possible for a month or six weeks. The Scots burned two villages called Twysell and Tylmowthe in Norhamshire, but paid dearly for them. The Irishmen did good services and are dreaded by the Scots, as they take no prisoners, after the Border custom, but say that the King gives them wages to live upon.
	Hertford perceives by letters from the Council that Walter Urbes and Robert Crowche, who were petty captains of the hackbutiers under Sir Peter Meawtes, are to be sent up. Urbes shall go, but the other is Hertford's servant in charge of 100 hackbutiers of the garrison, who are more dreaded by the Scots than 500 spears, and there is no other expert man for that charge in these parts. Dernton, 12 June, midnight. Signed by Hertford, Shrewsbury and Sadler.
	Pp. 4. Add. Endd.: 1544.
Longleat MS. Hamilton Papers, ii., p. 744.	2. "The names of the prisoners taken in the return from the burning of Jedworth."
	A paper giving the names of those taken by the garrisons of the captain of Norham (who took Master John Howme, nephew to lord Howme, Wm. Cokborne lord of Cokborne, and many others), the captain of Warke, Thos. Fostre, Lancelot Carlton, Thos. Graie of Norton, the lord of Cornhill, Lucas Metcalf, "them of Berwike" and the countrymen of Norhamshire, in all 212 horsemen with their horses and 17 footmen, all of whom were at the burning of Hetton, Tylmouthe and Twisell.
	Endd. as above.
Ib. p. 743.	ii. "The names of the prisoners taken by the Tyndall and Rydesdale men in the return from Jedworth."
	A paper giving the names of 16 persons (viz., Wm. Bellingham, Edw., Edde, Ant., Clame and Wm. Mylbourne, Hen. Robson, George Charton, Wm. Charleton of Hesilside, Watte Bell, Hen. Charleton, Perce Charlton, George Hall, Tom Pott, and Edde and Wm. Halle) and of the men (named) whom each took, in all 59.
	Endd. as above.
	^*^ The following is a list of the surnames of the prisoners (those marked "ii." only occurring in § ii., those marked "i., ii." in both, and those not marked only in § i.).
	Anderson	Carne ... rell	Dawne	Freer
	Anderstone	Carrike	Dicson or	Frissell
	Angerev	Carsse	Dicsone	Galbleishe
	Arnet	Cawdell	Dobson	Gellye
	Atcheson	Cheldes ii.	Doddes	Geves
	Atkyn	Cherdon ii.	Donielsone	Gibson ii.
	Atkynson	Clapinge	Douglas ii.	Graden or
	Aynesley ii.	Clifton ii.	Dowchele	Gradone
	Barker	Clyntes	Dowe	Gray or
	Bell	Cokborne	Dunseman	Graye i., ii.
	Borne	Coke	Edmerton	Greif
	Bowe	Colven	Ellem	Hall ii.
	Bowmaker	Comynggam	Elleman	Halle ii.
	Brasson	Crawe	Elwood ii.	Hallydaie
	Bromfeld	Curror	Fawcart	Hawson
	Browne i., ii.	Darlyn or	Fawsyd	Hedlie
	Burne	Darlinge	Fayde	Henderwyke
	Byll	Davison,	Fersyd	Hetlie
	Callee	Daveson or	Fowller	Hoge ii.
	Camrane	Davetson i., ii	Fowrd	Hoggart
	Houtry	Malyn	Richeson	Synkler
	Howborne ii.	Manderston	Rippethe	Tailyour or
	Howe	Mawet	Rise	Tailiar
	Howme or	Michelson ii.	Robson or	Tarbett
	Hume	Moffete	Robeson i., ii.	Tayt ii.
	Jacson	Monkras	Rosbrughe	Thomson or ii.
	James ii.	More	Rose	Thomeson i.,
	Jeffraye	Morrey or	Rotherford ii.	Towles
	Johnson,	Morray	Rulle	Travent
	Johnsoun or	Nesbet	Runseman	Trement
	Johnson	Ollever ii.	Ryddell ii.	Tromble or
	Kinge	Pareman ii.	Rydpethe or	Trumballe
	Knape	Parke	Redpethe	i., ii.
	Kyrton ii.	Parre ii.	Rykerton ii.	Trotter
	Ladley,	Patterson	Ryppethe	Umfrasone
	Lauedley or	Patteson or	Sanderson	Waithe
	Lawdle ii.	Pateson	Scott ii.	Watterson
	Landeiethe	Pawlle	Skoggall	Waugh or
	Lanysdane	Paxton	Sleighe	Waughe ii.
	Laudre	Pence	Smyth	White
	Len	Persone	Spence	Wille
	Loughe or	Polsone	Spetewood ii.	Wilsone
	Lowghe	Polwert or	Stevenson ii.	Wode
	Lowman	Polward,	Store ii.	Wyrram
	Lowre ii.	Pringill	Storie	Yalloleise
	Lowrye	Pryngill or	Strange	Yeister
	Lowthman	Prungill	Swane ii.	Yonge ii.
	Lyell	Purves	Swyncon	Younger
	Lyonnysean	Renton	Syme ii.
12 June	685. Norfolk to the Council.
R. O.	"With my hartie comendacions, thiese s[hall be to advertise] your good lordships that such as my ........ appoynted to bryng hither the wagon ........ for my company be come hither to me ........ for theym, whom I shall dispatche th ........ moneth, accompting in the same so motc[he] ........ receyved all redy in prest, but ............. as yeat I know not. Fraunces H[all] ........... to stay all the saied horsses a ............ as he may beyond the water ............. early in the mornyng, which ............ of gras here to put theym in ........... put in to the medowes, and destroy ............... as also because it is not possible I ............. camp in the ennemyes countreys bef[ore] ........... of furnyture of many thinges to lon ........... the more to my payne and also cost ............... and nyght viijd. for the woorst of ........... awne at hardmeat and yeatto ............ straw and worse hey.
	Yeaster nyght cam hither owt ................. [of] whome I do perceave [ye] shall s[end] ............ xv^m pound, and [Mr.] Har[yngton] ............. hath brought w^t hym the [rest of] ............. receyved lately at London ................ onely iiij^m pound; so that ................ extend but to xxix^m pound w^t ............ defrayed the conduyt and cote mone[y] ............ of all my band unto the xv^th d [ay] ........
	"The crew of Guysnes of suche a[s] .......... call fast to have money, say [ing that without it they] arr not hable to go forth, an ............. is no money to pay theym w^t ........... for fyftene daies for tha ..............
	"The Allemains horsemen and .............. wylbe very shortly at Ayre ............. they have receyved and how l[ong] ............ I know nothing, nor after wha[t rate the same shall be] paied hereafter, wherfore I thyn[k] ............ I knew and were made privye to all these matters, and also how and by whom they shalbe hereafter paied. Your good lordships do well know how necessarye it is that they be payed at theyr daies."
	Doubts not but the King will send money for payment of the soldiers, both English and strangers, and their [maintenance] in the enemy's country; and only reminds their lordships that time will be required for telling it here, and that no money can be expected out of Flanders after the first payment this month. Asks what diets to allow Mr. Treasurer, who is captain of the horsemen of his band, and is at great charges, and keeps his company "in such ordre that I [wou]ld all the rest were lyeke. [M]any of the sent men fro suche as sent small nombres [are] not well chozen, and his aswell, he is a fyne [fel]low as all ye know, and worthie to be cherysed." Remember the sending of my commission, without which I can do nothing, and also a good number of the "new printed [books o]f ordres to be kept in the feld." Calais, 12 June, 6 p.m. Signed.
	P.S., in his own hand.—" ...... ere l'res sent to you fro Sir [Thomas Palmer] and his felaws, wich I opened [and have answered] hym in any wise to help that [Monsieur de Buren's] bande may be so ordered that ......... em .. his service to the Kynges ........... [m]ade none answer to the rest."
	Much mutilated, pp. 2. Fly leaf, with address, lost.
12 June.	686. Maximilian d'Egmont [Count of Buren] to Norfolk.
R. O.	Hearing of his arrival at Calais, sends bearer to congratulate him, and to learn if the exact day for being at A[ir]e is to be kept, viz. the 20th inst., for the time is short in which to get the men ready. Begs him to send word whether they may be six or seven days later. Expects to have more men than required, but has accepted them in the hope that the King will use their services, as he will declare at his arrival. Bruxelles, 12 June 1544. Signed.
	French, p. 1. Slightly mutilated. Add. Sealed. Endd.: Mons. de Bures.
12 June.	687. Sir Thomas Palmer and Others to Norfolk.
R. O.	We have received, at Mons. de Bueren's hands, the musters of 204 horsemen, well in order, and are assigned to receive the musters of the 2,000 footmen and the rest of the horsemen, 500, at Tornay and Betune. He sends this messenger to you, as we suppose, to require longer day than the 20th to be at Aire, saying that with longer time he could "bring 600 or as many horsemen more as your Grace and the rest of my lords of the Council wrote him for last of all." We have found in him a little slackness and "cannot let to think" him not ready with the men first promised by his bargain, although he has given us a book of all the footmen, within a hundred. We advertise your Grace of this, as we have also done the King, in order that in your answer you may prick him forward. His excuse is that it was so late ere the King resolved with him about the 500 horsemen. To the King's request to have 500 in an ensign, he insists that his bargain was for 400 and the Emperor is served at that rate, and also his soldiers know the conditions of his bargain. We have been to Utrecht to take the musters of the 450 horsemen which Captain Lughtmaker promised to bring, but found there no news of them; and so hastened hither, leaving word for them to follow to Tornaie, albeit we fear they will not be at Aire on the 20th. Please advise us whether to accept him since he has broken his day. We reckon to be at Tornaie the 14th, 15th and 16th inst., and so go to Lisle, Betune and Aire. Bruxelles, 12 June 1544. . Signed: Thomas Palmer, Edward Vaughan, T. Chamberlein.
	Pp. 3. Add. Sealed. Endd.: Sir Thomas Palmer, &c.
12 June.	688. R. Fane and Richard Wyndebank to Paget.
R. O.	Upon my return to Acon, Mr. Wynebancke declared to me that he had mustered through all the footmen, a great number of whom were tall men and well armed, howbeit some "were but young men, which were hacquebuttyers." The captains resorted to us to be paid, or they would not march one foot forward. We send the rolls by bearers, the clerk of the musters and one that Mr. Vaughan willed me to take to make our account, wherein we are "nothing skilled." I was minded to come myself, but, when the coronell and captains perceived it, they sent word "that they would all go back again." As the time is so short, we cannot write more, but beg credence for bearers and a speedy answer, "for that the country crieth out both upon us and them." Acon, 12 June. Signed.
	P. 1. Add. Endd.: 1544.
12 June.	689. Landenberg to Henry VIII.
R. O.	For weighty matters, sends the bearers, Philip count of Eberstein, Wolfgang Schlegel, Hermann de Landenberg and Johann Widerstorffer, captains of his men, in post to declare certain necessary things to the King himself. Commends himself and his men, who are ready, horse and foot, to the King. 12 June at 9 o'clock 1544. Signed: C.V. Landenberg, oberster.
	Lat., p. 1. Add. Sealed. Endd.
R. O.	2. Instructions given by Chr. de Landenbergk to his four captains sent to the King; to show:—
	That Landenbergk presents his most ready service. Whereas the King gave him commission, personally (in England) and by commissaries, to muster at Acon 1,000 horse and 4,000 foot, he collected this whole force of good men and, without any letters of conduct under the King's seal, brought them to the place of muster, hoping at their arrival at Acon on 24 May, to find the King's commissaries there, who did not arrive until 29 May. Forthwith they mustered the said ten ensigns, but would not pay the soldiers in full for the first month as the custom is, so that they will not move from the place of muster, although the husbandmen about Acon are much oppressed with their presence. Moreover, the Emperor sent word to Landenbergk that on 26 May his whole force should appear and the whole despatch (expedition) would be there; on which day the men appeared and are yet waiting for the full despatch (expedition). On 1 June the soldiers took their oath to the King. When the commissaries, after the muster, learnt that the pay exceeded the King's instructions, they said that so great sums of money were not despatched and they dare not pay for a whole month without certifying all to the King. The said captains therefore beg the King to send letters in post to his commissaries to pay for the first month fully. Lastly, the 1,000 horsemen are mustered in the manner which the clerk of the muster will show; yet they will not leave Acon until they are paid for the first month and have their letters of conduct (which the said clerk has with him) signed and sealed by the King. Subscribed: "subditissimi missi capitanei et ministri, Philippus comes de Eberstein, Wolfgangus Schlegel, Hermannus de Landenberg et Jann. Widerstorffer."
	Lat. Hol., pp. 4. Endd.: "The Countie of Auvesten and his fellowes instructions from Xpofer van Landenburgh to the Kinges Ma^te."
June.	690. The Privy Council to Norfolk.
Harl. MS. 6,989, f. 119. B. M.	The King has seen his letters of several dates of this instant, and wills them to answer:—(1.) As to the 160,000l. which he desires sent to him with diligence; doubtless he remembers that at the time when it was thought convenient to send that whole mass the King meant to remain upon the frontiers, and it was doubtful how the money might be sent after him (Norfolk); but now, the first resolution being changed and his Majesty determined to go forward, there is no such danger of conveyance, and the King has delivered 59,000l. to his treasurer of the vanguard and rearguard and will bring the rest "in conserve of his battle."
	(2.) Where he writes that the rates for carriage "have been —— (blank) over large" he is, upon consultation with Mr. Rous and the masters of the victuals, to supplement his carriages out of Flanders, and certify what number he takes.
	(3.) Money for payment of the charge of Thomas Palmer, treasurer of Guisnez, shall be sent as soon as a convenient person can be found to convey it.
	(4.) Touching the prices of victuals the bp. of Winchester and lord Chamberlain "presently make answer." Signed by Wriothesley, Suffolk, Lisle, Winchester, Westminster, St. John, Gage, Browne and Wyngfeld.
	P.S.—Where you write that Mons. de Buren has written to you that he cannot be at Ayer on the day appointed, and desires six or seven days' delay, you shall write again that you cannot alter the day appointed, and, as his absence will cause waste of victuals and prevent your execution of your charge, you desire him to use all possible diligence to be at Ayer at the time appointed.
	Modern copy, pp. 2. Headed: "The Councel to ye duke of Norfolk at Calis, whose title now was captain of the vauntguard," &c. "Received June 17."
13 June.	691. Sir William Paget to Lord Cobham.
Harl. MS.283, f. 188.B. M.	Has received his letter enclosing one of the Council's. The King has been moved in the matter since Paget's arrival here, and has answered that his armies "shall be so near Calais always" that no extraordinary garrison will be needed, and has appointed Cobham's 200 men to be discharged. Letters are already written to my lord of Norfolk to pay them what remains unpaid, for it is said that, before going, they were paid up to a certain day. The Council's letter shows that order is taken for their conduct. "As touching your going to Calais it shall not be best you depart thither with a sleeveless errand, but tarry until the Council there may be advertised of the King's Majesty's pleasure by some letter from hence, which I shall procure for you shortly." Commendations to my Lady. St. James's, 13 June.
	Hol., p. 1. Add.: deputy of Calais.
13 June.	692. Hertford and Others to Henry VIII.
Add. MS. 32,655, f. 29. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 262.	This day Thomas Basford, one of the captains of the garrisons, brought letters (sent herewith) from the wardens of the East and Middle Marches to Hertford recounting their late journey to Jedworthe. Herewith is a book of the names of the prisoners. The wardens, especially Sir Ralph, have served well. They had under 4,000 horse and foot, whereof were 80 horse of the West Marches under Jack Musgreyve which Hertford had appointed with Wharton to be sent to Chipchace. Heretofore the Nixons, Crosyers, Olyvers and Rotherforths of Tevydale had offered to become Henry's subjects; and on Monday last they put in their pledges to Sir Ralph Eure and set red crosses on their coats. About 40 of them served in this journey and many others sat still and made no resistance. Many more will come in now that Jedworthe is burnt, and there is no place left wherein to lay garrisons for their relief. Wrote, upon Ralph Hogeson's report, that the Scots burned two villages. Now it appears that they raised fire in three, but Basford says that little hurt was done. Dernton, 13 June. Signed by Hertford, Shrewsbury, Tunstall and Sadler.
	Pp. 2. Add. Endd.: 1544.
Longleat MS.	2. Original draft of the above in Sadler's hand, noted in Hamilton Papers, II., p. 746.
13 June.	693. Hertford to the Council.
Add. MS. 32,655, f. 31. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 263.	Sends up presently the 100 horsemen out of the East and Middle Marches. Bearer Sir Robt. Ellercar much desires to serve the King into France and to have the leading of some of "this country men." Dernton, 13 June. Signed.
	P. 1. Add. Endd.: 1544.
13 June.	694. Norfolk and Others to the Council.
R. O.	Has received their letter, by Dyer, to send hoys to Ipswyche, Sandwich and other places named, to transport the King's battle; but cannot tell how many to send to each place, as the numbers of men are not signified. The Council may notify Wyngfeld and Ant. Ayger to send them from Dover. As for the docquet sent concerning the pay of such as served in the journey of Scotland, knows none such that go with him except his brother William. If any go with my lord Privy Seal, it were well to send him a similar docquet. As to sparing grass and horsemeat against the King's coming, refers them to his former letters. Before his coming most of the low country here was so eaten that it was "to bare for leane chepe to fede on"; so that, unless the King's battle depart hence straight to some camp in the enemy's country, there will be small furniture for horses at the return of the whole army. Saw yesternight a letter from "you my lords of Wynchester and Chamberlayne" to the victuallers here, directing them to take up at reasonable prices victuals brought from England and utter them again at the prices appointed before, taking order (without proclamations and with Norfolk's assistance) that no other victuals are uttered. Cannot see how this can be done without raising great rumor and giving example to the Low Country to do the like. The soldiers will go hungrily to bed or else spend more than their wages if such prices continue. To be merry, "I would my lord of Suffolk's device had been followed which he spake in mirth, that one of you two might have gone with this company," that "by your wisdoms your rates might have been followed." Will on Sunday next lie in camp six miles hence, to make place for the lord Privy Seal, and then they must spend only the King's victuals, and he prays God that the poor soldiers may be content with the prices, which he will not diminish without command. Longs for some answer to his letters. Calais, 13 June. Signed.
	P.S.—Has been to the market place, and found great complaints that the soldiers cannot live on their wages with victuals at such excessive prices, which prices are sure to be followed in Flanders. If our men cannot live on their wages, how will the strangers be content therewith? All who have subscribed this letter think it necessary to have redress therein, and to know the King's pleasure with great diligence. Soldiers living in the Low Country find no fault with the prices there, and here every man complains. Signed: T. Norffolk, T. Cheyne, Edwarde Wotton, John Wallop, Rauff Ellerkar, Edward Bray.
	Pp. 4. Add.
13 June.	695. Norfolk to the Council.
R. O.	This present hour arrived Nicholas and delivered me a letter, the contents of which I will ensue with Mons. de Reux, who will be here tomorrow morning. At the being here of Mr. Secretary I perceived Landenberg's ill "handling"; but, by a letter since come from Stephen Vaughan to Mr. Secretary, he seems to redubb his former sayings. I was bold to open the letter, supposing that it touched the Almains; and, thinking that, if it had been received, the King would not have written as he has to Vane and Wynobanke, I have stayed Nicholas here till I hear again from you. "If I have done well I am glad thereof, and if I have done amiss I am as sorry"—at the worst it is but a day or two's delay, and "what might come of the displeasant casting out" of Landenberg you can consider, the French king seeking to get Almains. I have not opened the letters to Mr. Woton. A courier is just arrived from the Lady Regent with the things contained in this packet. The passage can tarry no longer.
	Hol., p. 1. Add. Endd.: "xiij Junii a^o 1544."
13 June.	696. The Justice and Council of Ireland to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., iii. 503.	Since their last certificate touching the bruit of young Fitzgerald's arrival a base son of Sir Gerald Aylmer, chief justice, who has been prisoner among the Bryttons in Crossewyke these two years, is returned hither with two merchants of Wexford. Suspecting that he brought letters from young Gerald to his secret friends, the writers examined him and he frankly declared that it was bruited that the French king had a navy ready at Breste with 15,000 men to land the said Gerald here, either in Odonell's country or at Lymerike or Waterford, that 52 sail were to advance to Scotland, and 400 galleys, foists and galliasses with Turks to come upon the coast of England. The Nasse, 13 June 36 Hen. VIII. Signed by Brabazon, Alen, Dublin, Aylmer, Lutrell, Thomas Ewstas, Bathe, Cusake and Basnet.
	P. 1. Add. Endd.
13 June.	697. Landenberg's Horsemen.
R. O.	Contract between Chr. de Landenberg and Rheinart Wintibanc and Raffe Fane, deputy commissaries of war for Henry VIII. Witnessing that, to obtain declaration and amelioration of certain articles touching damages and pays, the letter of retainer was sent to the King and has not yet been sent back; but is hourly expected, in order that the horsemen may be paid for their coming hither, together with a month's wages, and sent four or five leagues into the country of Liege, where they may get victuals; and promising not to persuade them to leave this until their retainer "(alias die bestellinghe)" is delivered to them signed and sealed by the King, and that meanwhile they shall be paid from month to month according to the articles exhibited and the original retainer sealed by the King. Aix, 13 June 1544.
	French translation from the German, pp. 2. Headed: "Copie et translat de la lettre signee," etc.: and, in the margin, "1544. Touchant les gens de cheval; receu ce viij^e de Juillet, a Liege." Endd.: Copie or transumpt of a l're signed by Landebergh, Wyndebank and Phane.
14 June.	698. Lands of Selby.
R. O.	Certificates, each signed by Robt. Walker, relating to the King's lands in Gunnes beside Trent, Linc., viz.:—
	i. Boundaries of the land, taken 14 June 36 Henry VIII.
	ii. Extract from "a greate olde aunciaunt bouke of reycorde" among the evidences of the lordship of Amcottes, Butterwyke and Luddyngton near Gonnas, being the grant of the said lands by Nic. de Chamcourt to the monks of Selebye, for the soul of his wife Gundrede de Verre.
	iii. Extract from court rolls of Selby monastery recording the lease of the lands to Robt. Sheffelde, crastino Sancti Oswaldi, 37 Hen. VI., upon the death of Wm. atte Kyrkegarthe.
	iv. Certificate showing how Robt. Olyver, and after him Chr. Olyver, came to be possessed of the lands in succession to Sheffelde; and that James Kyrkegarthe's allegation that his grandfather and father were seised of them is untrue, but the truth is that his father, John Kyrkegarth, two years past, riotously entered upon the ground and led the corn and hay away, contrary to the command of the King's officers.
	v. Rental of the lands.
	vi. Extract (mutilated) from the court rolls of Selby monastery, Mich. A.D. M.CCC nonag ... recording Wm. atte Kyrkegarthe's tenure of the lands; and from the account of John Studeley, 10 Hen. VII., showing rent of 3s. received but no tenant named.
	Pp. 6. Add.: "This certificate be delivered in the King's Majesty's honorable Court of his Augmentacions, with speed."
14 June.	699. The Admiral of Flanders to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., ix. 707.	Announces that, by the Emperor's command, he is arrived on the coast of Dover with the fleet under his charge, and awaits Henry's pleasure. "De la navire, au service de vostre Majeste," 14 June 1544. Signed: Maximilien de Bourg^ne.
	French, p. 1. Add.: Au Roy. Endd.: Th'admiral of Flaunders.
14 June.	700. Norfolk and Others to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., ix. 708.	Mons. de Reux dined with Norfolk this day, with whom he had long conferences concerning the ways by which Henry's army should march. Details his questions, and De Reux's answers to them, viz.:—That the best way for the army was towards Monstrell, destroying by the way what is left in Bolonoyse. Monstrell would be won in four or five days if no more than 2,000 men were put into it, but if a camp of 5,000 or 6,000 (fn. n12) were put in it should not be essayed. There would be no lack of victuals so far, and if it was won, he would make the staple of victuals there, to serve until the army passed the river between Cretaye and Abbevyle, after which they could serve no further; but, till then, they could victual the army, which Norfolk said would be 50,000 men at least. Beyond the Somme the French peasants would supply victuals, but if Monstrell were not won we should not pass the Somme about Cretaye. If it were the Emperor's pleasure he would help to furnish the garrison. If Monstrell could not be had, there were four ways to take, which he wrote with his own hand, and Norfolk copied and sends herewith. Taking any of the ways, save that by Cretaye, the Emperor's countries would furnish victuals. He thought Corbye might be won; but, if not, one of the other ways should be taken. To keep Monstrell 2,500 footmen and 500 or 600 horsemen were needful. Arde would be harder to win than Boleyn, and neither could be gotten within two months. The Emperor would come into Champaigne, take and fortify some place at his back and then go towards Paris; and he advised Henry likewise to fortify Corbye. The Viceroy, prince of Orange and Count Guylam were gone to lay siege to Isteney, to allow the Emperor's army to pass into Champaigne. If Monstrell were won Corbye was a better way to take than Crotey, victual could be had from Flanders as long as the siege of Monstrell lasted, but it would be hard for him both to make a staple there to furnish your army as far as Crotey and leave sufficient for the garrison to be left there.
	As Mr. Treasurer and Mr. Walloppe were present I desired them to put their hands to this. Calyce, 14 June. Signed: T. Norffolk; T. Cheyne; John Wallop.
	Pp. 3. Flyleaf with address lost. Endd.: 1544.
14 June.	701. Norfolk to the Council.
R. O.	As I have written to the King of my conferences this day with Mons. du Rieulx I forbear to molest you therewith, fearing that I have troubled you with too many things because I have received no answer of any part of them. I had rather be busy in writing than slothful; and yet I have enough to do besides writing, and for lack of a good secretary I must draw every minute with my own hand. Reminds them eftsoons of the sending of money. Wishes Wynchester were here, both to help with writing letters and to experiment how hard it will be to utter the victuals at the prices set. Departs tomorrow, to the sorrow of most of his company, "all men's cases being not yet in good order." Calais, 14 June. Signed.
	P. 1. Add. Endd.: 1544.
14 June.	702. ——— to Peter Vannes.
R. O.	After waiting beyond the Po, 20 miles from Milan, for a colonel made by the count of Pitigliano, at the approach of the Imperialists, Pietro Strozzi crossed to this side, with boats lent by the duke of Castro, who is in Piacenza. He then went towards Piedmont with 9,000 foot (without Pitigliano, who was hurt by accident but sent his son), and, on the 4th inst., met the Imperialists who were waiting for him at Serravalle sopra Voghiera beside the Appennine; and, as it was necessary to fight, he attacked and routed the first battle (2,000 footmen of the duke of Florence) of the Imperialists, but, while his men were pursuing in disorder, they were set upon and defeated. Gives other particulars of the victory (by which the Marquis del Guasto, who was not himself present, has served the Emperor well) and of Strozzi's subsequent escape into Piedmont and despatch into France by Mons. d'Anghiano, the French general there. Of the French victory on 14 April nothing followed, but by this it is hoped to succour Carignano. It is said that 700 of D'Anghiano's horse are withdrawn to the defence of France and that 15,000 Swiss were on the 7th ult. mustered for France, and that Luxemberg has surrendered. It might be that the king of France, seeing ruin approaching, might ask a peace so favourable to his enemies that the Emperor would accept it in order to turn all the forces of Christendom against the Turk and to the reformation of the Church. If God should thus quiet Christendom, all would pass by means of the authority and prudence of our most powerful King.
	On the 9th (fn. n13) inst. the cardinal of Ferrara came to Rome. Farnese has lodged him in his own palace with much honor. In Venice he has not obtained any of the French king's desires; and it is commonly thought that he will not get the Pope to declare himself French, although the Imperialists show that they consider him so. The Pope is informed that the Emperor consents to the Council of Germany. Although it is important for the reformation of the Church, many are displeased that this course is taken. It seems as if the duke of Camerino, who was to go to the Emperor, will not go; others say that, since the rout of these men, it is resolved that he should go. The Emperor's ambassador, Juan de Vega, on 23 May, left Rome suddenly, leaving a note to the Pope that he had ridden in the Emperor's service. It is since learnt that he went to Milan, where it is well that in these times there is such a man besides the Marquis del Guasto. Some say he will go to the Emperor. He left orders for his wife to be brought hence. The Court is without an ambassador of the Emperor. Round the town of Rome some hundreds of men have been working these two months; at present they are about 1,000. They fortify it with strong bulwarks of earth and faggots, for haste. Barbarossa, by last advices, was at Talamone, a port of Sienna. The opinion is that the Turk has recalled him to the Levant. The French king's man, captain Polin, has great authority in the armada; so that it is not true that Barbarossa should carry him and the prior of Capua off as prisoners, nor that Barbarossa left without the French king's knowledge. Today is arrived a man sent from the prior of Capua to the Cardinal of Ferrara, saying that they have taken Talamone and Porto Hercole. If this is true you will know it by letters from Florence. Everyone wonders that the count of San Secondo, who is in Lombardy, did not make the men instead of the count of Pitigliano.
	I have no time to re-write this. Rome, 14 June 1544. Not signed.
	Italian, pp. 3. Some additions made by the writer in the margin. Add.: "Al Rever. S^or M. Pietro Vanni, s^or mio osser. In Londra."
R. O.	2. A fairly complete abstract of the above in Mason's hand, headed "From Rome 14^o Junii 1544."
	Pp. 4.
15 June.	703. The Privy Council to Norfolk.
Harl. MS. 6,989, f. 117. B. M.	In his letters by Nicholas the courier, they perceive his opinion touching Landeburg to be somewhat altered since he was here, "upon the occasion of a letter written to me, Sir William Paget, from Stephen Vaughan," and that he has stayed letters sent by the King's command to Phane and Wynybank to discharge Landeburgh. The King marvels that he should stay the letters, the reason for which proceeds, not only upon the misbehaviour of Landeburg at Spyres with Vaughan, but upon the mutiny of his captains at the musters, and for the excessive charge of their double pays. The said letters are to be despatched away by bearer, who also carries another letter to Phane somewhat qualifying the other, viz., that if Landeburg seem sorry for his "oultragious language" towards the King at Spyres his service with the 1,000 horsemen he has ready will be accepted, so as they will serve for such wages as the commissaries are instructed to give; but as for the footmen, if they have not already agreed to march forward, the yshall be dismissed. St. James's, 15 June 1544. Signed by Wriothesley, Suffolk, Essex, Lisle, Winchester, Westminster, Gage, Browne, Wyngfeld, Paget and Petre.
	In Paget's hand, pp. 2. Add.
15 June.	704. Gardiner and St. John to the Surveyors of Victuals.
Harl. MS.6,989, f. 115.B. M.	We wrote yesterday, in answer to your letters, without any other moderation of the price of victuals than was before ordered by the King's Council; but, upon letters from my lord of Norfolk signifying that the excessive prices are grudged at by the whole army and (because of the victuals brought from Flanders) will hurt the utterance of the King's victuals, the King wisely thinks it expedient "with a smaller loss to content the soldiers and to eschew such greater loss as might else ensue." You are therefore to diminish the price of victuals which may be furnished out of Flanders, foreseeing that in beer brewed in England and scarce fresh victual you maintain the appointed price. No particulars are written, as you are men of wit and trust; and you will do well to repair to my lord of Norfolk for his direction. Westm. palace, 15 June. Signed.
	In Gardiner's hand, pp. 2. Add.: To our frendes James Gage and Anthony Brikes with other the Kinges Hieghnes commissioners for survey of victailles.
15 June.	705. Hertford and Others to Henry VIII.
Add. MS. 32,655, f. 33. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 264.	Enclose letters to Hertford from Sir George Dowglas, with sundry letters and advertisements from the East and Middle Marches, letters from Robert Maxwell to his father and to Wharton, and the copy of Hertford's answer to Douglas. As Douglas writes that a herald shall be sent out of Scotland to obtain a safe-conduct for ambassadors, the writers ask how to order him. Hertford has received his revocation and will depart hence next Wednesday afternoon. He would depart sooner but for Sir Ralph Eure's news of the Scots' intended invasion on Tuesday (fn. n14) next. Take it that the Scots are not well furnished to make such an enterprise, but, "if they do, with the grace of God, they shall repent it." Dernton, 15 June. Signed by Hertford, Shrewsbury, Tunstall and Sadler.
	P. 1. Add. Endd.: 1544.
15 June.	706. Hertford to Sir George Douglas.
Add. MS. 32,655, f. 37. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 265.	Has received his letter dated at Edinburgh, 11th inst. (contents recapitulated) and thinks the order taken for the Governor's deposing not amiss; but could have wished that Angus and Douglas had not assented to the election of the others to have the government until they knew the King's pleasure. Would be sorry if Bothwell's appointment to lie on the Borders took not effect; for if he and all his garrisons were not unlodged within fourteen days Hertford would be bound to give him as much as the pension appointed him amounts to in a year. The news out of France is like to "prove to such effect as the others before have done," and more like 18 score of seals than sails; and the king of Denmark has concluded peace with the Emperor and promised never to aid Scotland or any Scotsman against the King of England. As to having a wise man instructed to answer Douglas's questions; not knowing the questions, Hertford cannot give the instructions, but has, for this time, ordered Mr. Shelley to meet him and learn his questions. Marvels that he should require other assurance against Englishmen than heretofore. As to his nomination of Angus to be lieutenant on the Borders, doubtless he considers that if the King's subjects invade that realm and Angus resists them it will sound to the dishonor both of Angus and him, after the King's benevolence shown them in the preservation of their lives and otherwise. Dernton, 15 June.
	Copy, pp. 2. Endd.: The copie of a lettre from th'erll of Hertford to George Dowglas, xv^o Junii a^o 1544.
Longleat MS.	2. Original draft of the above, noted in Hamilton Papers, II., p. 746.
15 June.	707. Russell to the Council.
R. O.	Yesterday, perusing the ships along the wharfs and in the Pool, saw some "full of soldiers, abiding the tide," and others of which masters and mariners were not ready to receive the soldiers that stood upon the wharfs. Masters and mariners are very slack, and many of the soldiers ill willing to depart the city, so that speedy proclamation should be made to hasten them, charging them that, albeit the wind be contrarious, as yesterday it was, "they do drive down with the tide, and travers, as in my way to Gravesend I saw divers." Those who cannot get shipping should hasten by land rather than lose time. The poor soldiers sustain great charges by their long abode about the City and St. Katharine's.
	Encloses a letter from Norfolk to Ant. Auchier, showing that he would not have Russell's horses shipped before yesterday and could not depart out of Calleice till today. Auchier writes that the wind is very ill for passing to Callaice. Will nevertheless lie this night at Dover, leaving his horses at Canterbury (because of the scarcity of horsemeat at Dover), until he learns Norfolk's departure out of Callaice. Would gladly see his men embarked before himself, but will not waste time at Dover. I have letters from Callaice "that my lord of Norffolke doth intende this night within the French ground," and that 4,000 of my men are already arrived. Canterbury, Sunday, 15 June, 11 a.m. Signed.
	P.S.—The admiral of Sluce, (fn. n15) with 12 sail, came into Dover road yesternight at 6 o'clock. Can have no shipping for horses "until the retorne from Callaice; and, God willing, I will not fail to be there tomorrow."
	Pp. 2. Add.
15 June.	708. Russell to the Council.
R. O.	Mr. Wyngfeld, Anth. Auchier and others urge him to write in favour of "one that robbed a Spaniard, as it was supposed, who hath lain here long in prison and no man suing against him." They say that my lord of Norfolk examined the matter and could find nothing against him. Begs their lordships to find some way for the poor man's discharge, who is said to be a proper man and "very meet to serve."
	Mr. Wyngfeld and Rolffe declare that they lack money for victualling the King's ships. They have borrowed what they can, which will last but for a fortnight. The ships of the Ports are here and do no service. They should be "discharged and commanded to serve the rest of their days in the King's transportation; for here are hoys enough to transport more than are here, for the most part of our men do go and are already gone along the seas." The wind is NNE and very ill for coming out of the Thamys; nevertheless, haste away the ships that they "may waft and travers down with the tide," as I wrote in my last. Dover, Sunday, 15 June, 6 p.m. Signed.
	P. 1. Flyleaf with address lost.
15 June.	709. Norfolk to the Council.
R. O.	Is this day lodged, with most of his company, within two miles of Marguyson, 7 miles from Calyce, where is good grass, but no corn sown save a little of the master of Sandingfelde's. His great ordnance and all his munitions will tonight be at Newnam Bridge and here tomorrow, except the boats. Will here await the lord Privy Seal and his company; and has sent to Mons. de Buers to send as many horsemen as he can get together. Would feel the want of horsemen if the enemies had any force together; but they seem to have sparkled to their fortresses. Expecting a siege of Boleyn, Arde or Monstrell they have sent away all unable persons and much baggage, and brag that they will keep them or die, viz., Vervyne and Foxholes in Boleyn, Rochepott and St. Shevall in Arde, and in Monstrell Mons. de Bees and ——— (blank), captain there.
	The chief cause of this letter is to report that the wagons of these Low Countries will not carry 30 cwt. Has proved this day that neither they nor such as Mr. Rowse has bought for the King will carry past one tun of beer, and many of them break. Wishes he had brought all his carts out of England. The rate made for 200 wagons will require 300; and it is not to be thought that he carries furniture for three days when it will serve only for two. From this camp two miles from Marguison, 15 June. Signed.
	P.S.—"I this day had long conferences w^t the Mr gonner of Calais and perceyve suche thinges (?) by him that, and his Majeste woll lay siege to Boleyne or Arde, it shalbe well done he be sent for to speke w^t his Highnes. I think he shall like his devyses well to . . . le w^t a small towne, wich he doth meane . . . . ot gonnys and doth think to do moche if [he m]ay have tyme to make his gere. Sewerly [I like] his sayinges well."
	Pp. 2. Slightly mutilated. Add. Endd.: 1544.
15 June.	710. Sir Thomas Palmer and Others to Norfolk and the Council.
R. O.	Yesterday, at 9 a.m., we arrived here, according to our appointment with Mons. de Bueren; who arrived at 4 p.m., and sent to say that he was weary, but would tomorrow show us the readiness in which his horsemen were. At 8 p.m., a post from Andwarpe brought your Lordship's letters, and, although we had, at his request, promised to forbear him that night, we went straight to him to declare that your Lordships would have us call upon him "not to fail the day appointed at Ayre," for my lord of Norfolk was arrived at Calleis and the King "prepared fast after." He declared (as we already knew) that his horsemen were not arrived; and that the rest of the 500 were only at Lovaine, and could not be here for four or five days. We laid to him that this was far from his promises to us, and we would be sorry to write it, and let the King perceive that his things were out of order, to whom his Highness trusted more than to Landenbergh or any other. He answered that the fault was your Lordships' that you did not "rather" resolve with him about the horsemen. Asked, then, whether we might go to Betune to muster the footmen and have the horsemen come thither. He answered that he had written to Mons. du Ruyz, as governor, for leave to muster them there, and looked for answer this day; and that, since we viewed them at Makelyne, the number of 2,000 was made up. To our declaration that the King would have no more double pays than the Emperor, and yet, by his books, although 100 odd of the footmen were lacking, the double pays exceeded his bargain by 20 in an ensign, he answered that he could do no otherwise and had exceeded still further with those he levied at the Emperor's solde, and that he would rather pay a small thing more or less himself than serve the King with "raskall and wretches," and that he would show us by the books that the Emperor was charged with more double pays in his five ensigns than the King in his. Describe how he protested that he served the King for affection, and they forbore to stir him too far, as he is a man of stomach and let them know that he has wherewith to pass his time more at pleasure than in going to the wars, but for his affection to serve the King. Suggest that their Lordships might write him a gentle letter, giving him 6 or 8 days beyond the 20th inst. to be at Ayre, that he may not come out of order and with his horses wearied. He tells us that he has, "of his own, given conduct money to certain captains," who have promised horsemen, but cannot be at Ayre before the 25th or 26th inst. without destroying their horses.
	Where you write that if Lightmaker bring 150 good horsemen more than his number we shall accept them and not the last number you wrote for to Mons. de Bueren; we cannot tell what to do if both come with their bands. Hear nothing of Lightmaker since the 6th inst., when they were at Utrecht to seek him; and they will rather, if both come, forsake Lightmaker than Mons. de Bueren; and yet they think that neither should be forsaken, as De Bueren has spent so much on them, and Lightmaker's men, if not accepted, might join the enemies, and himself remain undone after spending his own and borrowing of his friends in order to levy them.
	And where your Lordships will us to confer with Mr. Vane and Mr. Wynebanke that they might follow the same order with Landenbergh as we take with Mons. de Bueren, according to the Emperor's instructions from Mons. de Lyra; we did so, and, suspecting that they had to do with a man who served for interest and not affection, we gave them the instructions signed by Mons. de Lyra and kept only the copy ourselves. We have heard since that Landenbergh made light of the instructions, saying that Mons. de Lyra was his enemy; and, thereupon, we despatched a post to warn Vane and Wynebanke to have "earnest respect thereto."
	Found that of De Bueren's horsemen they could not get the names of every man, but only "of one bringing 12 horse with him, another 10 horse, another 5, and so forth"; the meaning being that men should bring their pages with them, so that, of the 500 the King would be served of 200 pages. For redress, we laid this earnestly to Mons. de Bueren, who opened it, before us, to the bringers of them. They answered that the Emperor was always served so and they would not have their men refused for lack of a beard, whom they had much ado to get as they would liever serve as footmen. Thereupon Mons. de Bueren answered us "that he could neither paint beards in young men's faces nor yet bring choice men in his sleeve, and that in the Emperor's service the things were not so narrowly seen to, although his Majesty was served with the like"; and so, he said, we had no cause to complain. There is not much amiss in the horsemen we have already mustered, "but we mistrust in the rest to come." Tornay, 15 June 1544. Signed: Thomas Palmer: Edward Vaughan: T. Chamberlein.
	Pp. 11. Add. Sealed. Endd.
15 June.	711. The Duke of Ferrara to Henry VIII.
R. O.	Having heard of his passage into France, and believing that he is to have an interview with the Emperor, has commissioned his ambassador with the Emperor to make his commendations to Henry. Ferrara, 15 June '44. Signed: Humill^mo et ubediente s^r, el duca de Ferrara.
	Italian, p. 1. Add. Endd.
R. O.	2. English translation of the above in Mason's hand.
	P. 1.