Parliament Rolls of Medieval England. Originally published by Boydell, Woodbridge, 2005.
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'Richard II: October 1382', in Parliament Rolls of Medieval England, (Woodbridge, 2005) pp. . British History Online https://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/parliament-rolls-medieval/october-1382 [accessed 12 April 2024]
In this section
1382 October
Introduction October 1382
Westminster
6 - 24 October 1382
(C 65/39. RP , III.132-143. SR , II.26-30)
C 65/39 is a roll of eight membranes, each approximately 340mm in width, sewn together in chancery style and numbered in a later hand. The text, written in the official chancery script of several scribes, occupies the rectos of the membranes only. The dorses are blank apart from two later headings: 'Parliamentum de anno sexto Ricardi secundi. Pars prima' on membrane 1, and 'R o Parl' Ric' secundi' on membrane 8. The condition of the roll is good, though there are natural holes in membranes 8, 5 and 3. The lower halves of membranes 7, 6 and 5 are blank. The Arabic numerals are of a later date, while the Roman numerals alongside the common petitions are contemporary. The roll appears to be complete.
The parliament of May 1382 having failed to make any serious headway on the financial question, it was inevitable that it would only be a matter of months before a new assembly was required, and on 9 August, just eleven weeks after the dissolution of its predecessor, writs were duly issued for parliament to meet on 6 October at Westminster. (fn. o1382-intfoot-1) One of the new spiritual peers summoned was Robert Braybrooke, who had replaced Archbishop Courtenay as bishop of London and who also, just two weeks before parliament met, replaced Richard le Scrope as chancellor following the latter's dispute with the king over a question concerning the misuse of royal patronage. (fn. o1382-intfoot-2) Missing from the list of heads of religious houses were the abbots of St Mary's York and - for the fourth parliament in succession - of Bury St Edmunds. The only newcomer of significance among the lords temporal was John Charlton of Powys, whose ancestors had been summoned since 1313 but whose father had died in 1374, at which time John had been just twelve years old.
Following the customary day's delay for non-arrivals, the formal opening of the session took place on Tuesday 7 October, when Bishop Braybrooke delivered a rather anodyne speech listing the various theatres of war in which England was involved, which, as well as the usual Scotland, Ireland and Gascony, also included Portugal and Flanders. Two days later, this theme was taken up in a more arresting speech given by John Gilbert, bishop of Hereford, a clerk with strong links to the government. The kingdom, he declared, was in great danger, from which two 'ways' presented themselves as potential routes to salvation: the 'way of Flanders' and the 'way of Portugal'. The first consisted of a proposal by Henry Despenser, bishop of Norwich, to lead a 'crusade' - for which he had already obtained papal sanction - to crush the pro-French schismatics in Flanders and 'restore' the county to the allegiance of both Rome and England. The second, which Bishop Gilbert made it clear that he favoured, involved finding the sum of £43,000 to send an army to Iberia under the command of John of Gaunt, partly in order to bring relief to the Portuguese in their struggle against the Castilians, and partly to enable Gaunt to press home his claim to the throne of Castile, following which he would be in a position to deliver a blow against the French. In fact, the Portuguese were not in quite such mortal danger, since they had recently (in August) concluded a truce with the Castilians, (fn. o1382-intfoot-3) but if news of this had reached Bishop Gilbert he omitted to mention it. How many of the commons had confidence in Gaunt's declaration that he only required the £43,000 as a loan, and that he would repay it in two years, must also remain an open question (Items 9-13).
Gaunt had already moderated his plan for a campaign to Iberia considerably since he had first put it to parliament in January, at which time he had requested a loan of £60,000 for the wages of the same number of men. (fn. o1382-intfoot-4) He had also managed to persuade at least some of the lords to support him, for when the 'prelates, earls, barons and noblemen' were asked whether they thought that 'the way of Portugal' would prove profitable to England, they answered in the affirmative, although some doubt was expressed as to whether 4000 men would suffice to conquer a kingdom (Item 23). The commons, however, remained opposed to the venture. According to the St Albans chronicler, Thomas Walsingham, Bishop Despenser had the papal bulls for his crusade read out in parliament, and publicised them widely. Walsingham also states that a delegation from the Flemings came to the parliament offering to submit themselves to the English allegiance in return for help in the war which they were currently waging against the king of France, although since they were not regarded as sufficiently representative they were promptly sent home with a request to send 'men of greater prestige and reputation' from the Flemish towns. (fn. o1382-intfoot-5) Despite this, the commons clearly preferred the idea of a campaign to Flanders, largely it seems because of the importance of the mercantile contacts between England and the Flemish towns. They submitted a petition asking the king to support it (Item 46), and their request for the wool staple to be moved from Calais (Item 22) was also probably a move designed to succour the Flemings, for - although this is not stated on the roll - the probability is that they hoped to have it moved to Bruges in an attempt to cement an alliance with Ghent. (fn. o1382-intfoot-6) Moreover, they did agree to grant a fifteenth and tenth, the first grant of direct taxation for nearly two years (although only after 'a great deal of wrangling', according to the Westminster chronicler),and although they did not specify the purpose to which it was to be put, it was in fact later earmarked for Bishop Despenser's crusade. (fn. o1382-intfoot-7) John of Gaunt had been humiliated. This would not, of course, mark the end of his attempts to win support for a campaign to Iberia, but for the moment he was forced to put his plans on hold. (fn. o1382-intfoot-8)
Apart from 'the way of Flanders' and 'the way of Portugal', parliament also dealt with a number of items which in one way or another still represented the aftershocks of the 1381 revolt. York, Scarborough and Beverley, the three Yorkshire towns involved in the revolt, all purchased comprehensive charters of pardon from the king, though only in return for substantial fines (Items 18-21). The mayor and aldermen of London presented a petition against the fishmongers of the city, at the root of which seems to have lain not just the customary rivalry between guilds but the belief (or at least the allegation) that certain members of the victualling guilds had lent support to the rebels who sacked London in 1381. Although modern research has shown that these allegations were almost certainly groundless, the result was a series of ordinances restricting the trading and political privileges of the fishmongers - ordinances of which Walsingham for one did not approve, and which in fact were overturned a few months later in the next parliament (Items 43, 55-65). (fn. o1382-intfoot-9) Finally, it is interesting to note that the statute against unlicensed preachers which had been enacted in the parliament of May 1382 was annulled: according to the commons, they had never agreed to it in the first place - which may well be true, since it clearly originated with the prelates at the so-called 'Earthquake Council' - and they therefore asked that it be rescinded, 'since it was certainly not their intention that they or their successors be controlled by nor obliged to the prelates more than their ancestors had been in the past'. The king agreed without demur (Item 53). (fn. o1382-intfoot-10)
On 24 October, after just two and a half weeks, Richard dissolved parliament. (fn. o1382-intfoot-11) By the time that the next one met, in February 1383, he would have turned sixteen; the hallmark of the next few years, clearly reflected in the parliamentary debates of the mid and late 1380s, was the increasing personal role of the king, and the effect that this had on the politics of the time.
Text and translation
| [p. iii-132] | |
| [col. a] | |
| [memb. 1] | |
| < PARLIAMENTUM DE ANNO SEXTO RICARDI SECUNDI. PARS PRIMA. > | THE PARLIAMENT OF THE SIXTH YEAR OF RICHARD THE SECOND. PART ONE. |
| [memb. 8] | |
| 1. Fait a remembrer qe le lundy en les oetaves de Seint Michel qe fuist le primer jour de ceste parlement donez par la dite somonce d'icelle, si vindrent a Westm' aucuns des grantz prelatz et seignours du roialme. Et yceulx assemblez illoeqes en la chambre arraiez pur parlement avec les grantz officers du roi nostre seignour, et longement attendue par eux la venue d'autres seignours et communes q'avoient mesme la somonce et nient comparantz, au drain, mesme le jour pur tant qe y estoit dit pur voir qe plusours des viscontz n'avoient encores fait retourner lours briefs de parlement, et qe le greindre partie des seignours et autres q'avoient la somonce n'estoient venuz a la ville, si feust cest parlement adjournez a la voluntee et commandement nostre seignour le roi tanqe a mesqardy proschein ensuant. Et puis apres de mesme l'adjournement overte proclamacione faite en la sale de Westm', ou estoit comandez depar le roi qe toutz les prelatz, seignours, chivalers, citezeins et burgeys et autres q'avoient la dite somonce, retournassent bien matin le dit mesqardy, pur y oier en presence de nostre seignour le roi les causes pur queles ce present parlement estoit especialment somonez. Et qe toutz les viscontz qe encores n'avoient fait retourner les briefs de parlement les retornassent sanz delay, sur peril q'appent. | 1. Be it remembered that on the Monday [6 October 1382] on the octave of Michaelmas, which was the first day of this parliament as specified in the summons, there came to Westminster some of the great men, prelates and lords of the realm, and they, having assembled in the chamber prepared for the parliament, together with the great officers of the king our lord, long awaited the arrival of the others lords and commons who had received the same summons and had not yet appeared. At length, on the same day, because it emerged that many of the sheriffs had still not returned their writs of parliament, and the greater part of the lords and others who had received summons had not come to town, so the parliament was adjourned at the will and command of our lord the king until the following Tuesday [7 October 1382]. And after that same adjournment a public announcement was made in the hall at Westminster, where it was ordered on the king's behalf that all the prelates, lords, knights, citizens and burgesses, as well as others who had had the said summons, return early on the said Tuesday, to hear in the presence of our lord the king the reasons why this parliament had been especially summoned. And that all the sheriffs who had still not returned their writs of parliament, return them without delay, on pain of the appointed penalty. |
| 2. A quiel mesqardy, si vint en parlement q'estoit deinz en la chambre depeintee, sibien nostre seignour le roi en sa persone, avec la greindre partie des prelatz, duc, [sic: read 'ducs'] conts, barons et autres seignours du roiaume, et appellez la einz singulerement par les nouns les chivalers des countees, citezeins des citees et burgeis des burghs, l'evesqe de Londres, chanceller d'Engleterre, q'avoit les paroles depar le roi, et par commandement le roi a lui donez, dist, Seignours et sires, sachez qe combien qe je sui moelt insufficient par plusours enchesons de dire ou counter chose qe porte charge en presence de si nobles, sages et discretz seignours et autres persones de cest roialme come vous estez ycy presentz, toutes voies il me faut ore a fine force par le comandement de nostre seignour lige cy present, qi Dieux salve. | 2. On which Tuesday, our lord the king in person, together with a large number of the prelates, dukes, earls, barons and other lords of the realm arrived in parliament, which was held in the Painted Chamber, and the knights of the counties, citizens of the cities and burgesses of the boroughs having been called individually by name, the bishop of London, chancellor of England, who was to speak on the king's behalf, and at his command, said, Lords and sirs, you know that although I am most unworthy for many reasons to say or report anything of great importance before such noble, wise and discreet lords and other persons of this realm as yourselves here present, nevertheless, sheer necessity compels me now to do so, at the command of our lord the king here present, whom God preserve. |
| 3. Et devrez savoir qe les causes de la somonce de cest parlement si est fait especialment pur trois causes; l'une est qe nostre dit seignour le roi desire moelt entierment et principalment qe, al honur de Dieux et de seinte esglise, la franchise et libertees de seinte esglise deinz son roialme d'Engleterre soient entierment sanz emblemisseure gardez, et auxi avaunt come aient este mieultz gardez en temps de nul de ses nobles progenitours rois d'Engleterre: et si rienz y soit fait au contraire, qe ce soit ore redressez et duement amendez. [col. b] La secounde cause est qe les bones loys, usages et custumes de son roialme avauntdit soient tenuz et gardez en touz lours pointz, et si rienz ait este fait ou usez au contraire, qe demande amendement ou correccione, qe ce soit ore fait par l'advis de vous toutz. La tierce cause est touchant la governail de mesme le roialme sibien dedeinz come dehors, et la salve garde d'ycelle dedeinz; c'estassaver qe purvoiance soit fait et bone ordinance encontre le riotours et autres malfaisours, queux encores en chescun paiis de mesme le roialme sont mieultz propis et apparaillez s'ils veissent temps covenable et lieu, et recomencer leurs malfaitz et riotz, qe Dieux ne veulle: et par dehors sibien de purvoiance faire pur salve garde de la meer et de la navie, et socours de les nobles gentz esteantz en Portugal, illoeqes esteantz en grant peril; come pur les frountiers et bastiles del dit roialme par dela la meere qe sont ores en moelt grant peril et de mal arraie. Et de la marche d'Escoce est a douter en certain q'ils ne vorront avoir paix, ne sanz grant prejudice du roi et del roialme assenter qe les treves devant prises < soient proloignez oultre la feste de > la Chaundeleure proschein venant en un an; a quiel temps toutes les trieves devant prises avec les ditz Escotz doivent finir et faillir. Et conuz chose doit estre a vous trestouz qe si Dieu veullie, amendement et remede soient purveuz encontre les meschiefs q'ore sont apparantz toutes partz par terre et par meer, come bien le sachez, et dessus est dit: avec ce qe l'en faut a fyne force mettre sur le salvacione d'Irlande et de Gascoigne, queux sont auxint en moeltz grantz perils pur defaute d'aide et de socours; ce ne purra mye encores estre fait sanz grant avoir de quoy home le poaist faire. Et pur tant nostre seignour le roi vous prie moelt entierment qe en salvacione de lui, de son roialme, et de vous touz, veulliez vous bien aviser sur cestes matires: c'estassavoir, vous les prelats et seignours temporelx de vostre part, et vous la commune de vostre part, et sur ce lui conseiller le mieultz qe vous ent semblera; toutes voiez considerez les grantz perils apparantz, et par tant avoir consideracion et bon pensee coment home avendra al avoir, de quoy purvoiance et resistence purra estre fait encontre tantz des enemys et lours efforcementz, et par especial, de quoi et coment les communes del paiis de Flandres, q'ore sont en bone voluntee pur estre de nostre accord et partie, a ce q'ome pense, serront par nous socourez et aidez si l'accord parentre nous se preigne; et auxint noz gentz en Portugal. Et le roi voet qe si nul de ses liges voille mettre avaunt en parlement peticion de grief a lui fait, en especial ou en commune, qe demande redresse ou amendement de parlement, qe ce soit fait et baillez a un des clercz dessouz escritz, pur ce especialment assignez. Et auxint, certains prelats, seignours et justices sont assignez de trier les peticions a baillers en ce parlement par la forme et manere q'ensuent: | 3. And you ought to know that the particular reasons for the summoning of this parliament are threefold; one is that our said lord the king chiefly and most earnestly desires that, in honour of God and holy church, the franchise and liberties of holy church within his kingdom of England be fully preserved without impairment, and as they were best kept in the time of any of his noble progenitors, the kings of England: and if anything be done to the contrary that it be redressed and duly amended. [col. b] The second reason is that the good laws, usages and customs of his aforesaid kingdom should be kept and upheld on all counts, and if anything be done or practised to the contrary which demands amendment or correction, that that now be done by the advice of you all. The third reason concerns the governance of the same kingdom, both within and without, and the safeguard of the same within; namely, that provision and an effective ordinance be made against rioters and other malefactors, who in each county of the same kingdom are still well prepared and equipped, if they see an opportune time and place, to resume their misdeeds and riots, which God forbid: and outside the kingdom, provision be made for the keeping of the sea and the fleet, and to assist the noble people of Portugal, who are in great danger; as well as for the frontiers and fortresses of the said kingdom overseas which are now in great danger and poorly equipped. And as for the march of Scotland, it is indeed to be feared that they do not wish to have peace, and will not agree, without considerable disadvantages for the king and the kingdom, to extending the truce previously concluded beyond the feast of Candlemas next in a year's time [2 February 1384]; at which point in time all the truces formerly concluded with the said Scots ought to end and cease. And you should know that, if God will it, correction and remedy shall be provided for the troubles which now appear everywhere on land as well as at sea, as well you know, and as was said above: and in addition, necessity demands investment in the security of Ireland and Gascony, which are also at very great risk through lack of aid and support; which cannot be done without a grant with which to do it. And therefore, our lord the king most sincerely prays of you that, for his security as well as that of his kingdom, and of you yourselves, you thoroughly consider these matters: namely, you, the prelates and lords temporal for your part, and you, the commons for your part, and advise him of what seems best to you; forever bearing in mind the great perils which have arisen, and for that reason, giving consideration and as deep thought as you can to the ways in which provision and resistance can be made against such enemies and their forces, and in particular to consider how the country of Flanders, which is now favourably inclined toward an agreement with us and our cause, according to popular opinion, might be supported and assisted by us so that the agreement between us shall be preserved; and also our people in Portugal. And the king wills that if any of his lieges wishes to submit a petition to parliament concerning injury done him, individually or in common, which requires redress or amendment by parliament, that it shall be made and delivered to one of the clerks named below, especially appointed for this. Moreover, certain prelates, lords and justices have been appointed to try petitions to be submitted in this parliament, in the following manner: |
| [p. iii-133] | |
| [col. a] | |
| 4. Resceivours des peticions d'Engleterre, Irlande, Gales et Escoce: | 4. Receivers of petitions from England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland: |
| 5. Resceivours des peticions de Gascoigne, et d'autres terres et paiis depar dela, et des Isles: | 5. Receivers of petitions from Gascony, and from other lands and countries overseas, and from the Channel Islands: |
| Et ceux qi veullient bailler lours < billes > les baillent avant parentre cy et dymenge proschein, le dit dymenge accomptez. | And let those who wish to submit their bills deliver them between now and next Sunday, including that day [12 October 1382]. |
6. Et sont assignez triours des peticions d'Engleterre, Irlande, Gales et Escoce:
|
6. The following are assigned to be triers of petitions from England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland:
|
| - touz ensemble, ou .vi. des prelatz et seignours avauntditz au meins; appellez a eux chanceller, tresorer, seneschal et chamberlein, et auxint les sergeantz nostre seignour le roi, quant il busoignera. Et tendront lour place en la chambre du chamberlein, pres de la chambre depeintee. | - to act all together, or at least six of the aforesaid prelates and lords; consulting with the chancellor, treasurer, steward and chamberlain, and also the serjeants of our lord the king, when necessary. And they shall hold their sessions in the chamberlain's room, near the Painted Chamber. |
| 7. Et sont assignez triours des peticions et de Gascoigne, et d'autres terres et paiis dela la meere, et des Isles: | 7. The following are assigned to be triers of petitions from Gascony, and from the other countries and lands overseas, and from the Channel Islands: |
| - touz ensemble, ou .iiij. des prelats et seignours avauntditz; appellez a eux chanceller, tresorer, seneschal, chamberlein et les sergeantz le roi, quant il busoignera. Et tendront lour place en la chambre marcolf. | - to act all together, or at least four of the aforesaid prelates and lords; consulting with the chancellor, treasurer, steward, chamberlain and the king's serjeants when necessary. And they shall hold their session in the Marcolf Chamber. |
| 8. < Et le roi vous comande qe vous retornez > demain par temps pur avoir declaracione en pluis especial manere sur les causes de la somonce avauntdite. Et enoultre, le roi comande a touz q'avoient la dite somonce q'ils viegnent de jour en autre au dit parlement, et q'ils ne se absentent mye ou departent d'ycelle, sanz especial coungie de lui, sur peril q'appent. | 8. Furthermore, the king orders that you return early tomorrow to hear a special announcement of the reasons for the aforesaid summons. In addition, the king orders all who have received the said summons, to attend the said parliament each day, without absenting themselves or departing from the same without his special permission, on pain of the appointed penalty. |
| 9. Item, le joefdy proschein, les prelatz, seignours et communes, touz assemblez en la chambre blanke, et illoeqes [col. b] l'evesqe de Hereford avoit les paroles depar le roi, et dist, Seignours et sires, del comandement de mes seignours cy presentz me covient parler, et de vous dire depar eux ce q'ore dirra. Et devrez savoir qe quatre choses principalment font chescun armee de overer et labourer sur la chose q'il desire: des queux quatre choses, les deux quelles n'appartiegnent mye a nostre purpos quant au present lerrai, et dirrai les autres deux qe sont; c'estassavoir doute, et esperance. Qar doute de mal apparant, ou qe legerement semble a venir, ou d'autre part pur esperance d'atteindre a honeur, estat, fame, ou autre profit temporel ou espiritel, ce fait homme, < combien > q'il soit bien necgligent, de soi moever et laborer. | 9. Also, on the following Thursday [9 October 1382], the prelates, lords and commons, assembled in the White Chamber, and there [col. b] the bishop of Hereford spoke on the king's behalf, saying, Lords and sirs, at the command of my lords here present it befits me to tell and inform you on their behalf, of that which I shall now say. And you should know that four chief things spur all armies to work and labour for what they desire: of which four things, two are not relevant to our purpose and I shall omit them for the moment, and speak of the other two which are fear and hope. Since fear stems from evil, or seems to arise readily from it, whereas on the other hand, in hope of attaining honour, status, good repute, or other temporal or spiritual benefit, even the most slothful man is inspired to rouse himself and labour. |
| 10. Et ores est il einsi qe si homme regarde discretement toutes partz, cest roialme n'estoit unqes en greindre peril q'ore n'est, dedeinz le roialme mesme come dehors, sicome apparisante chose est a touz qe resoun ont ou discrecione: en tant qe si Dieux n'y mette sa main de grace, et les enhabitantes se peinent pur leur defendre, ceste roiaume est sur le point d'estre conquiz, qe Dieu ne veullie, et mys en subjeccione de ses enemys; et par tant la lange et nacione Engleys estre outrement destruit: issint qe maintenant autrement n'est mye qe eslire un de deux, de nous rendre, ou < nous > defendre. | 10. And it happens that if all things are well taken into account, this kingdom has never been in as much danger as it is in now, both within and without, as will be apparent to all who possess either reason or judgment: so that if God does not bestow his grace on the land and the inhabitants do not strive to defend themselves, this kingdom will be on the verge of being conquered, which God forbid, and made subject to its enemies; and as a consequence, the language and nation of England will be completely destroyed: so that now, we are faced with only two choices, to surrender or to defend ourselves. |
| 11. Et d'autre part, combien qe semble clerement qe le terme deinz quiel cel meschief deust avenir, toutes voies encores Dieu nous ad overt deux nobles chymyns par queles de resoun, et par sa grace, homme eschapera toutz les ditz perils, et avendra a grant honur. L'une chemyn est de ceulx de Flandres, queux se vorront offrer al service nostre seignour le roi, et a toute bone alliance avoir avec lui et son roialme, < a ce q'est dit: > et celle chemyn si est moelt noble et large de grever les enemys pluis qe grant piece ne furent, si homme eust de quoy de tenir celle chemyn overt, et maintenir les ditz Flamenz encontre lours enemys et les noz, si l'alliance se preigne, qe Dieu grante. L'autre chemyn est en Portugal': qar de certain il n'a mye place en monde si semblable de faire fin, et venir a bon et brief purpos de les guerres, come celle place n'est de present. | 11. For another thing, although it seems clear that this trouble is inevitable, nevertheless God has shown us two noble ways, along which, by reason, and with his grace, we may escape all the said perils and arrive at great honour. One such way is that of the people of Flanders, who wish to offer their service to our lord the king, and to enjoy a friendly alliance with him and his kingdom, as it is said: and that path is most noble and broad enough to cause the enemy more trouble than they have known for a long while, if we have the means to keep that path open, and maintain the hostility of the said Flemings towards their enemy and ours, and preserve that alliance, which may God grant. The other way is by Portugal: for there is no place on earth so likely to bring an end to the wars, swiftly and effectively concluding them, as is that place at present. |
| 12. Qar si monsire d'Espaigne y voise ore avec un suffisant poair, et y viegne en salvetee a l'aide Nostre Seignour, et illoeqes avec les seignours et poair qe y sont a devant viegne es champes, il serra roi d'Espaigne, ou avera la bataille deinz un demy an proschein apres la venue illoeqes. Et si Dieu lui doigne prosperitee illoeqes, le remenant de noz guerres tost serra mys au fin. Et pur tant l'esperance d'avoir bon et hastive fin de noz guerres par celle autre chemyn nous devroit de resoun [venier] de mettre travail, diligence et coustages en tiel guyse, qe par tant, si Dieux plest, en apres homme fuist mys a repos et quiete pur touz jours. Et sur le profre qe monsire le duc ad fait d'avoir .ij. mille hommes d'armes et .ij. mille archers, et gages et rewardz pur eux pur demy < an > tantsoulement, quelles gages et rewardz par le dit demy an amontent a .xliij. mille livres - pur la quelle somme il se profre de lier al roy nostre seignour et a son roialme de faire repaiement, ou en monoie, ou en service, al election de nostre seignour le roi, deinz trois ans proschein ensuantz apres le departir du dit duc hors du roialme, si einsi soit qe Dieu lui doigne la vie si longement, et il soit frank en le moien temps de son corps hors de prisone, et q'il viegne en salvetee avec son host a terre d'oultre la meere - semble pur voir qe chescun homme se doit prendre ore moelt pres d'aider a cest foitz en resous del roialme, et de lui mesme. Et pur tant en briefs paroles, nostre seignour le roi vous prie entierment, et chescun vrai lige et bienveulliant au roialme deust avancer la busoigne, par les causes dessuisdites, en tiel manere [p. iii-134][col. a] qe vous vous vorrez, c'estassavoir bien adviser sur ceste matire, et ent communer parfoundement et diligeaument entre vous et chescun de sa part. | 12. For if our lord of Spain should now go there with an adequate force, and arrive there safely with the aid of Our Lord, and meet with the lords and force which have taken the field, he shall be king of Spain, or do battle within six months of his arrival there. And if God grant him good fortune there, the remainder of our wars shall soon be concluded. And in such hope of putting an effective and speedy end to our wars by this other way, we ought with reason to invest labour, effort and money therein, so that, if it please God, we may subsequently enjoy peace and repose forever. And as for the offer which our lord the duke has made to provide two thousand men-at-arms and two thousand archers, and wages and rewards for them for half a year only, which wages and rewards for the said six months will amount to £43,000 - for which sum he offers to bind himself to the king our lord and his kingdom to make repayment, either in money, or in service, according to the choice of our lord the king, within three years of his departure from the kingdom, if it should be that God grants him life so long, and if he shall remain free and out of prison in the meantime, and arrive safely in this land from overseas with his host - it seems that every man should now take it upon himself to assist more closely in the rescue of the realm, and of himself. And therefore, in brief, our lord the king earnestly prays you, and each true liege and well-wisher of the kingdom, that you further this matter for the aforesaid reasons, as you [p. iii-134][col. a] will, namely by fully considering it, and holding deep and thorough consultation amongst yourselves, each contributing his own share. |
| 13. Et especialment sur le point, coment < en la pluis aisee manere, > a meindre grief et nuisance du poeple, l'en purra venir a la somme de monoie dont homme purra mettre les deux purpos et viages, < de > Espaigne et Flandres, a bon fin, ou a meins l'un d'ycelle; c'estassavoir celle d'Espaigne, aiant nientmeins reward covenable vers Flandres, si l'accord se preigne. Et si einsi soit fait, et qe homme y vorra ore mettre sa paine, n'est pas a douter qe Dieu ne nous < mettra > en bon plit devant les deux [sic: read 'treis'] ans dessuisditz finiz. Et si doit homme moelt le pluis avoir bone volentee < ore > de bien faire qe unqes devant, par cause de les deux croiseryes qe nostre seint pere le pape ad fait, grantez et envoiez ore devers le roialme d'Engleterre, l'un a monsire d'Espaigne fait en especial encontre son adversaire d'Espaigne, et l'autre croiserye general fait a l'evesqe de Norwiz encontre l'antipape et touz ses adherentz, complices, fautours et maintenours, < en > quelconqe parties il les purra trover: en queux viages homme avera autiele remissione et pardoun en toutes choses come auroit en viage fait en la terre seinte. Et pur ce, seignours et sires, pur Dieux, tendrement vorrez vous adviser, et penser del salvacion de cest roialme et de vous mesmes, au fin qe l'en purra veoir qe les doutes et l'esperances devantdites, quelles vous sont ore monstrez, noun pas de cause feinee, einz de droite veritee, q'est conue a vous toutz, vous purront exciter de bien faire, qe Dieu grant pur ses mercies. | 13. And particularly on the issue of how, with the least trouble and inconvenience to the people, it might be easiest to arrive at the sum of money which would achieve the two plans and expeditions, that is to say to Spain and to Flanders, or one of them at least; namely that of Spain, but nevertheless leaving a suitable sum for Flanders, if agreement be reached, which if it be done, and trouble taken over it, we need not fear that God will fail to improve our plight before the three aforesaid years are up. And we ought to be the more inclined now to act well than ever before, because of the two crusades which our holy father the pope has now declared, granted and sent for the kingdom of England, one to our lord of Spain issued in particular against his adversary of Spain, and the other crusade appointed for the bishop of Norwich against the anti-pope and all his adherents, accomplices, supporters and maintainers, wherever they be found: for which journeys people shall receive the same remission and pardon of all things as they would for a journey to the Holy Land. For this reason, lords and sirs, for love of God, may you carefully consider and ponder the security of this kingdom and yourselves, to the end that if it prove that the aforesaid fears and hopes, which have now been explained to you, are the real truth rather than of false imagination, as you all know them to be, you will be moved to do good, which God grant his mercy. |
| [memb. 7] | |
| 14. Item, fait a remembrer qe entendue par la commune lour dite charge ils se departirent d'illoeqes vers lours place en l'abbeye de Westm', pur entrecommuner et treter pluis avant de lour charge avantdite. Mais devant q'ils < ent > firent rienz en effect, pur tant qe lour dite charge touchast moelt haute et chargeante matire, a ce qe lour sembloit, ils firent requere as seignours de parlement, d'avoir assignez a eux en especial certains prelatz et autres seignours del roiaume, dont les nouns s'ensuent, pur communer avec eux de les charges dessuisditz, c'estassavoir, l'evesqe de Wyncestre, l'evesqe de Norwiz et l'evesqe d'Excestre, le duc de Lancastre, les conts d'Arondell', de Stafford et de Salesbirs, le seignour de Nevill', monsire Guy de Bryan, monsire Richard le Scrop'. Et celle requeste lour estoit grantez. | 14. Also, be it remembered that the commons, having understood their said charge, departed for their session in the abbey of Westminster, to consider further and discuss their aforesaid charge. But before they did anything therein, because their said charge concerned so important and serious a matter, as it seemed to them, they requested of the lords of parliament that they might have especially assigned to them certain prelates and other lords of the kingdom to consult with them over the aforesaid charges, that is to say, the bishop of Winchester, the bishop of Norwich, the bishop of Exeter, the duke of Lancaster, the earls of Arundel, Stafford and Salisbury, Lord Neville, Sir Guy Bryan and Sir Richard le Scrope. And that request was granted them. |
| Approximately a third of a membrane has been left blank at the end of item 14. | |
| 15. Item, les seignours et communes du roialme d'Engleterre assemblez en cest parlement apperceivantz clerement, sibien par les enchesons alleggez en la pronunciacione des causes de la somonce de cest parlement, come autrement par diligente examinacione sur ce faite, et en partie par grante experience, l'outrageouse multitude des enemys du roi nostre seignour et de son roialme avauntdit, chescune part de mesme le roialme sibien par terre come par meere, et lours grantz efforcementz de guerre qe cressent de jour en autre pluis et pluis: et d'autre part les grantz despenses qe necessairement l'en faut mettre sur le defens et salvacion de mesme le roiaume, en resistence de tantz des enemys ove l'aide [Nostre] Seignour, mesmes les seignours et communes de lour liberale voluntee, combien qe ce soit ore moelt grevous charge pur eux a porter toutes choses considerez, grantent a nostre seignour le roi, sibien pur eux en cest parlement ore present, come pur tout la comminaltee, sibien c'estassavoir, et auxi avant et entierment de touz ducs, conts, barons, banerettz, chivalers et esquiers, et de toutz autres seculers seignours des manoirs, villes et autres lieux parmy le roiaume, deinz franchise et dehors, pur la quantitee et afferant de toutz lours bledz et bestaille, ou l'afferant et quantitee des profitz de [col. b] toutes lours demesnes terres en chescune ville et autre lieu parmy le roiaume dessuisdit, si par cas autry terres en aucunes dites villes et lieux a ce ore soient assis, come d'aucuns autres liges le roi en chescune des villes et lieux avauntdites; et en mesme le manere des profitz de toutes les terres et tenementz appropriez a mort main depuis l'an .xx. me le roi Edward fitz au roi Henry parentre cy et la feste de la Purification Nostre Dame proschein venant, ou en mesme la feste a pluis < tarde. > Issint toutes voies qe autielle somme soit ore demandez, resceuz et levez, pur les dites disme et quinszime en chescune des dites villes et lieux come au derrain grant d'une disme et quinszime estoit demandez et resceue, et nemy greindre ou meindre somme, par colour de la dite taxacione issint affaire des biens des ditz seignours, a quoy ils se sont ore expressement consentuz, et l'ont voluz et grantez pur ceste foitz tantsoulement, al reverence del Dieux, et en supportacione, aide et relevement de la povre commune, laquelle lour semble est ore pluis feoble et pluis povre qe grant piece ne fuist pardevant: mais qe quanqe serra des ditz seignours levez par la dite taxacion de lours dites terres et biens tourne soulement en eide et socour a la dite commune en mesme lour charge come dite est; a avoir les dites quinszime et disme de lour doun pur emploier soulement et mettre entierment sur le defens du roialme d'Engleterre avauntdit, par quelconqe manere qe mieultz semblera a nostre seignour le roi par advis de son conseil et des autres seignours de son roiaume, toutes perils considerez, soit affaire en le cas. Et prient humblement les dites communes a nostre dit seignour le roi qe cest lour grant voille bonement prendre a gree, et lour avoir pur excusez de ce qe pluis ne lour poent charger quant au present pur lour grant povertee, et pur les autres causes dessuis alleggez. | 15. Also, the lords and commons of the kingdom of England assembled in this parliament, fully perceiving from the reasons presented for the summoning of this parliament, as well as from diligent investigation thereof, and in part from their own experience, the awful multitude of enemies of the king our lord and his aforesaid kingdom, threatening every part of the same kingdom by land and by sea, with their military strength growing greater by the day: and realizing for another thing the large amount of money which would need to be spent in the defence and security of the same kingdom, and in resisting such enemies with the aid of Our Lord, the same lords and commons, of their own free will, although it would now be a most grievous burden for them to bear, all things being considered, granted to our lord the king, on behalf of themselves now attending this parliament, as well as on behalf of all the commons, and also all the dukes, earls, barons, bannerets, knights and esquires, and all other secular lords of the manors, towns and other places throughout the kingdom, within franchises and without, according to the quantity and number of their corn and cattle, or the scale and size of their profits from [col. b] all their demesne lands in each town and other place throughout the aforesaid kingdom, or of such other lands and other said towns and places as shall now be assessed for this, as of other lieges of the king in each of the aforesaid towns and places; and in the same way from the profits on all the lands and tenements appropriated to mortmain since the twentieth year of King Edward, son of King Henry [1291-2], between now and the feast of the Purification of Our Lady next [2 February 1383], or on the same feast at the latest. So that as much be now demanded, received and levied, for the said tenth and fifteenth in each of the said towns and places as was demanded and received at the last grant of a tenth and fifteenth, and no greater or lesser sum, by colour of the said taxation thus to be made of the goods of the said lords, to which they have now expressly consented, and which they have willed and granted for this occasion only, out of reverence for God, and in support, aid and relief of the poor commons, who seem to them at the present time to be weaker and more impoverished than ever before: although whatsoever shall be levied from the said lords by the same taxation from their said lands and goods shall be directed solely towards the aid and succour of the said commons in their same charge as has been said; to have the said fifteenth and tenth by their gift to use only and invest completely in the defence of the aforesaid kingdom of England, in whatsoever way shall seem best to our lord the king with the advice of his council and the other lords of his kingdom, all dangers considered. And the said commons humbly pray of our said lord the king that he will graciously accept this their grant and excuse them that they cannot grant him more at present because of their great poverty, and for the other reasons explained above. |
| Et est assentuz en parlement qe la grant quelle les ditz ducs, conts et barons, et autres seignours temporelx ont ore par les dites causes fait en pluis especial fourme et manere q'ils ne l'firent devant sur le grant de au tielles dismes et quinszimes es autres parlementz, ne tourne en prejudice des ditz seignours, ou soit trait en consequencie devers eux en aucun temps avenir, pur lour ent charger autrement q'ils ne soleient ou devroient de resoun. | And it was agreed in parliament that the grant which the said dukes, earls and barons, and other lords temporal had now made in special form and nature for the said reasons which had not been granted with the grant of these tenths and fifteenths in other parliaments, should not turn to the disadvantage of the said lords, or hold against them in time to come, as they ought not to be, and had not customarily been so charged. |
| 16. Et fait a remembrer qe par certains seignours du roialme esteantz en ce parlement si furent deliverez en ce parlement les nouns de Thomas Farndon', Richard Mory, et Richard Dell, pur estre exceptz de toute grace a faire par nostre seignour le roi a ses liges de dit roiaume, come de celles persones les quelles furent principalx comenceours, abettours et procurours, de le grant et horrible rumour et insurreccione nadgairs treiterousement faitz deinz le roiaume, encontre la paix, la coroune et le dignitee nostre dit seignour le roi: et especialment principalx del arsure et destruccione del maisoun et manoirs de l'ordre Seint Johan < Jerusalem > en Engleterre. Et est assentuz qe par tant ils soient forclos de toute grace et pardoun, et qe au tiel proces soit fait envers eux et chescun de eux come ordenez est d'estre fait envers les autres traitours qi sont semblablement exceptz de grace pur la dite cause, en parlement tenuz a Westm' lendemain des almes, l'an du regne nostre seignour le roi dessuisdit quint. (fn. iii-132-45-1) Et qe par celle cause lours nouns soient liverez ou envoiez par brief en bank le roi. | 16. And be it remembered that the names of Thomas Farndon, Richard Mory, and Richard Dell were submitted in this parliament by certain lords of the realm present in this parliament, to be excluded from all grace to be granted by our lord the king and his lieges of the said kingdom, as the people who were the chief instigators, abettors and procurers of the great and terrible rising and insurrection lately treacherously committed within the kingdom, contrary to the peace, crown and dignity of our said lord the king: and especially the leaders of the firing and destruction of the house and manors of the order of St John of Jerusalem in England. And it was agreed therefore that they should be barred from all grace and pardon, and that such process be brought against them and each one of them as was ordained for other such traitors who were similarly excluded from grace for the said reason, in the parliament held at Westminster on the day after All Souls, in the fifth year of the reign of our aforesaid lord the king. (fn. iii-132-45-1) And that for that reason their names should be delivered or sent by writ to the King's Bench. |
| 17. Item, Johan Hende de Londres, Johan Bataill' et Thomas Bataill', avec monsire Nicholas Dagworth', chivaler, viendrent en ce parlement, et illoeqes se submistrent haut et baas en la grace et ordinance de nostre seignour le roi et de son sage conseil, touchant la suite q'ad este faite par eux et autres de long temps del manoir de Bradwell en Essex, dont le plee est pendant nient [p. iii-135][col. a] discus en bank le roi. Confessantz expressement illoeqes qe s'ils eussent scieuz al comencement de lour dite suite, come ils sachent de present, n'ent eussent unqes lour medlez tant avant, ny fait tiel pursuite come il ont fait. Et oultre diont q'ils sont bien contentz de faire et resceiver en celle partie quanqe nostre dit seignour le roi, par l'advis de son noble conseil, en vorra ordiner. (fn. iii-132-47-1) | 17. Also, John Hende of London, John Battle and Thomas Battle, together with Sir Nicholas Dagworth, knight, came to this parliament, and there they submitted themselves high and low to the grace and ordinance of our lord the king and his wise council, concerning the suit which had been brought by them and others for a long while over the manor of Bradwell in Essex, for which the plea is pending, unexamined [p. iii-135][col. a] in the King's Bench. Openly confessing there that if they had known at the beginning of their suit, what they knew now, they would never have involved themselves as much as they did, nor have brought such a suit as they did. Furthermore, they said that they were fully content to do and receive in this matter whatever our said lord the king, by the advice of his noble council, would wish to ordain. (fn. iii-132-47-1) |
| 18. Et est assavoir qe de l'assent des prelatz, seignours et autres de conseil le roi esteantz en ce parlement, nostre seignour le roi de sa grace especial, et par fin de mille marcz, ad grantez et fait sa chartre de pardoun as citezeins d'Everwik general, de toutes maneres de treisons, felonies, trespasses et autres mesprisions par manere come pluis pleinement appiert en la dite chartre < q'est > enrollez en cest parlement. (fn. iii-132-49-1) | 18. Be it known that, with the assent of the prelates, lords and others of the king's counsel attending this parliament, our lord the king, of his special grace, and for a fine of a thousand marks, granted and issued a charter of pardon to the citizens of York in general, of all manner of treasons, felonies, trespasses and other offences as appears more fully in the said charter itself, which is enrolled in this parliament. (fn. iii-132-49-1) |
| 19. Item, semblablement ad grantez une autre chartre general a les burgeys et commune de Scardeburgh', horspris Robert Acclom et Robert de Rillyngton', par fyn de .ix. c marz; dont la commune doit paier .iiij. c marz par eux mesmes, < et > .xl. persones des mieultz vanez burgeys de mesme la ville, dont les nouns sont expressez en lour dite chartre, q'est auxint enrolle en mesme cest parlement, doivent paier par soi mesmes les residuez cynk centz marz. Et auxint le roi ad grantez a chescun des ditz Robert Acclom' et Robert de Rillyngton, par severals fyns par eux affaires a nostre seignour le roi, chartres de pardoun. | 19. Also, he granted similarly another general charter to the burgesses and commons of Scarborough, excepting Robert Acclom and Robert Rillington, for a fine of nine hundred marks; of which the commons were to pay four hundred marks themselves, and forty of the most prosperous burgesses of the same town, whose names are recorded in the said charter, which is enrolled in this same parliament, were to pay the remaining five hundred marks themselves. In addition, the king granted charters of pardon to both the said Robert Acclom and Robert Rillington, for several fines paid by them to our lord the king. |
| Item, le roi ad grantez, de l'assent avauntdit, as burgeis et la comminaltee de Beverley, horspris Thomas de Beverlee, Richard son fitz, < Richard > de Botston, Johan Treylle, Johan Materesmaker, de Beverley, Thomas de Ireland, Roger Coupere, Thomas Fynell', Johan de Holyme < et > Thomas Gue, de Beverley, < autrement > appellez Thomas Greue, par fin de .xl. c marz, une autre chartre general de la forme des autres chartres d'Everwik' et de Scardeburgh', mutatis mutandis. Item, par fin de .x. marz le roi, de sa grace et del assent avauntdit, ad grante a Adam Perkyn de Housom chartre de pardoun pur la mort William Clerc de Wynstowe, tuez le dymenge en la feste de l'Exaltacion le Seinte Crois derrain passe. | Also, the king granted, with the aforesaid consent, to the burgesses and community of Beverley, excepting Thomas Beverley, Richard his son, Richard Botston, John Treylle, John Matressmaker, of Beverley, Thomas of Ireland, Roger Cooper, Thomas Fynelle, John Holyme and Thomas Gue, of Beverley, otherwise known as Thomas Greue, for a fine of 4,000 marks, another general charter in the form of the other charters of York and Scarborough, mutatis mutandis. Also, for a fine of ten marks the king, of his grace and with the aforesaid consent, granted to Adam Perkin of Howsham a charter of pardon of the death of William Clerk of Wistow, killed on the Sunday of the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross last past [14 September 1382]. |
| Item, a William, fitz Johan Pert, chivaler, par fin de .x.li. chartre de pardon general, c'estassavoir, pur toutes maneres de treisons, murdres, felonies, trespasses et mesprisions, par lui faites, etc. | Also, to William, son of John Pert, knight, for a fine of £10, a general charter of pardon, namely of all kinds of treason, murders, felonies, trespasses and offences committed by him, etc. |
| Item, a Rauf, fitz Johan de Aston, par un autre fin, chartre de pardon pur la mort Anneys nadgairs sa femme, tuez le lundy proschein devaunt la feste de Seint Pere ad Vincula derrain passe, en Aghton wode. Et fait a remembrer qe les seignours de cest parlement s'accorderent et voilloient, qe combien qe nostre dit seignour le roi, de lour dit assent, par les ditz fins ad ore fait les dites pardons, pur certeins enchesons especialment lui moevantz, toutes voies ne soit ce jamais tret en ensample ou consequencie. | Also, to Ralph son of John Aston, for another fine, a charter of pardon of the death of Anneys late his wife, killed on the Monday before the feast of St Peter ad vincula last past [28 July 1382], in Aughton wood. And be it remembered that the lords of this parliament agreed and wished that although our said lord the king, with their said assent, had granted the said pardons for the said fines and for particular reasons influencing him, it should in no way be treated as an example or precedent. |
| [memb. 6] | |
| 20. Rex omnibus ballivis etc, salutem. Sciatis quod de gracia nostra speciali, ac de assensu magnatum et procerum nobis in presenti parliamento nostro assistentium, pardonavimus civibus civitatis nostre Ebor', et eorum cuilibet, sectam pacis nostre et quicquid ad nos pertinet, pro omnimodis insurrectionibus, proditionibus, seditionibus, obsidionibus, mulierum raptibus, homicidiis, murdris, feloniis, roberiis, latrociniis, incendiis, transgressionibus, mesprisionibus, contemptibus, rebellionibus, inobedientiis, extorsionibus, duriciis, oppressionibus, confederationibus, [col. b] conspiracionibus, cambipartiis, ambidextriis, forstallariis, regratariis, falsitatibus, decepcionibus, congregacionibus illicitis, alligantiis, conventiculis, manutenenciis et quibuscumque aliis malefactis, dampnis, gravaminibus et excessibus, nobis aut progenitoribus nostris, seu quibuscumque ligeis nostris vel progenitorum nostrorum per prefatos cives, seu eorum aliquem, tam infra civitatem nostram predictam quam extra ubicumque, ante festum Exaltacionis Sancte Crucis proxime preteritum factis, illatis, aut quomodolibet perpetratis, aut etiam pro omnibus et singulis articulis unde coram justiciariis nostris vel heredum nostrorum itinerantibus inquisicio fieri debeat vel possit in futuro, unde indictati, rectati, vel appellati, vel alias qualitercumque impetiti, seu occasionati existunt, sive molestari aut occasionari poterunt in futuro: ac etiam utlagariis, si que in ipsos seu eorum aliquem hiis occasionibus fuerint promulgate, et firmam pacem nostram eis et eorum cuilibet inde concedimus, ita quod stent recto in curia nostra si qui versus eos seu eorum aliquem loqui voluerint de premissis, seu aliquo premissorum. Pardonavimus etiam eisdem omnibus et eorum cuilibet omnimodas forisfacturas que erga nos occasionibus premissis qualitercumque post dictum festum Exaltacionis Sancte Crucis incurrebant, seu quovis modo erga nos vel heredes nostros incurrere poterunt in futuro. Pardonavimus eisdem civibus et eorum cuilibet omnimodas traducciones lanarum, corriorum, pellium lanutarum ac aliarum rerum et mercandisarum quarumcumque ad quascumque partes transmarinas, seu ad partes Scocie, absque custuma seu subsidio inde solutis, seu contra prohibicionem et defensionem nostram seu progenitorum nostrorum, ac quascumque traductiones et asportaciones cujuscumque monete auri et argenti, ac plate, vel masse, sive jocalium ad < predictas partes > transmarinas, vel Scocie, necnon quascumque ductiones seu portaciones cujuscumque monete de Scocia in regnum nostrum Anglie, contra hujusmodi prohibicionem < et defensionem, > ante festum Exaltacionis Sancte Crucis predictum factas, et quascumque forisfacturas quas erga nos occasionibus predictis post festum illud incurrebant, vel nobis seu heredibus nostris inde pertinere poterunt in futuro. Pardonavimus insuper eisdem civibus et eorum cuilibet quoscumque fines, redempciones et amerciamenta coram carissimo avunculo nostro Johanne, rege Castelle et Legion' duce Lancastr', et sociis suis justiciariis nostris ad insurrecciones, prodiciones, sediciones, obsidiones, felonias, transgressiones et alia malefacta in comitatu Eborum, tam infra libertates quam extra, audiendum et terminandum assignandis, quibuscumque de causis, post idem festum Exaltacionis Sancte Crucis facta. Ac eciam quoscumque exitus coram eisdem justiciariis hiis occasionibus post idem festum forisfactos seu adjudicatos, vel exnunc forisfiendos vel adjudicandos. Et insuper, cum diversi majores, et alii cives dite civitatis, et eorum antecessores seu predecessores, in diversis pecuniarum summis per eorum diversas recogniciones, tam in cancellarum nostra quam in cancellarum progenitorum nostrorum, et alibi coram justiciariis et judicibus nostris et progenitorum nostrorum, tam pro seipsis quam pro aliis diversis personis, sub certis condicionibus tam de pace gerenda quam aliis pluribus et diversis condicionibus inde limitatis, nobis et progenitoribus nostris ante hec tempora obligati fuerint, pardonavimus et remisimus eisdem civibus, et eorum cuilibet, omnes et singulas hujusmodi summas per ipsos majores et cives, seu eorum aliquem, antecessores vel predecessores suos, nobis, vel progenitoribus nostris, ante vicesimum septimum diem Februarii proxime preteritum qualitercumque recognitas, et execuciones earundem recognicionum, sive recogniciones ille sub condicionibus, sive simpliciter facte fuerint, ac eciam < quascumque > condiciones, manucapciones et assumpciones, quas ipsi vel eorum aliquis super recognicionibus illis, et racione earundem recognicionum, debebant vel tenebantur, seu debent vel tenentur, et ipsos cives et eorum quemlibet, ac eorum heredes, executores et terre tenentes, de omnibus et singulis summis simpliciter vel condicionaliter ante dictum vicesimum septimum diem Februarii sic recognitis, ac quibuscumque condicionibus, manucapcionibus et assumpcionibus super hiis qualitercumque habitis vel limitatis erga nos [p. iii-136][col. a] et heredes nostros, tenore presencium acquietamus et exoneramus imperpetuum. Ipsas insuper recogniciones ante eundem vicesimum septimum diem Februarii factas, ut predictum est, et earum quamlibet, ubicumque repperte vel contra dictos cives seu eorum aliquem in futuro allegate fuerint in judicio sive extra, nullius de cetero decernimus esse vigoris seu virtutis. Ac insuper, pro ipsorum civium et eorum cujuslibet majori securitate et quiete, volumus et concedimus pro nobis et heredibus nostris, quod predicti cives, seu eorum aliquis, ratione seu colore vel occasione aliquarum hujusmodi insurreccionum, proditionum, sedicionum, obsidionum, mulierum raptuum, homicidiorum, murdrorum, feloniarum, roberiarum, latrociniorum, incendiorum, transgressionum, mesprisionum, contemptuum, rebellionum, inobedienciarum, extorsionum, duriciarum, oppressionum, confederacionum, conspiracionum, cambipartiarum, ambidextriarum, forstalliarum, regratariarum, falsitatum, decepcionum, congregacionum, alliganciarum, conventiculorum, manutenenciarum, seu quorumcumque aliorum malefactorum, dampnorum, gravaminum vel excessuum, nobis seu progenitoribus aut ligeis nostris, vel progenitorum nostrorum qualitercumque ante predictum festum, tam infra civitatem nostram predictam quam extra, ubicumque factorum vel perpetratorum, seu aliquarum forisfacturarum predictarum, seu aliquorum articulorum coram justiciariis nostris vel heredum nostrorum < itinerantibus > Inquirendorum, aut occasione aliquarum traduccionum lanarum, coriorum, seu pellium lanutarum, aut aliarum rerum vel mercandisarum, sive monete, plate vel masse auri vel argenti, seu jocalium, ad aliquas partes transmarinas, seu ad partes Scotie, aut duccionis vel portacionis monete de Scocia in regnum nostrum Anglie, aut etiam occasione finium, redempcionum, amerciamentorum, seu exituum predictorum, vel eciam occasione aliquarum recognicionum de aliquibus pecuniarum summis, per ipsos cives seu eorum aliquem, seu eorum antecessores seu predecessores, aut aliquos majores vel cives ejusdem civitatis vivos seu defunctos ante dictum vicesimum septimum diem Februarii factarum, seu aliquarum condicionum, manucapcionum, seu assumpcionum, licet hujusmodi condiciones, manucapciones vel assumpciones complete fuerint sive non; aut heredes vel executores sive terre tenentes ipsorum civium defunctorum sive superstitum vel eorum alicujus, per nos vel heredes nostros nullatenus impetantur, occasionentur, molestentur in aliquo, seu graventur, nec inde trahantur in responsum aut judicium in curia nostris, coram nobis, seu cancellario nostro vel heredum nostrorum, aut coram aliquibus justiciariis, seu aliis judicibus, vel ministris nostris, seu heredum nostrorum in futuro, set omnino inde sint quieti et exonerati, et quilibet eorum inde sit quietus et exoneratus imperpetuum per presentes. Et ut omnibus et singulis ligeis et fidelibus nostris quorum interest de premissis omnibus et singulis plenarie patefiat, et ut singuli cives ejusdem civitatis, et quelibet persona eorundem, per se presenti pardonatione nostra gaudeant et gaudeat secure atque clare, de gracia nostra speciali, et ex concensu et assensu et voluntate magnatum et procerum predictorum, volumus et concedimus pro nobis et heredibus nostris quod presens pardonatio nostra generalis de omnibus et singulis in presentibus literis nostris contentis talis et tanti vigoris, virtutis et valoris existat, et tantum proficiat et valeat omnibus et singulis civibus nostris predictis, et cuilibet speciali et singulari persone eorundem per se, ac si quelibet persona specialis vel singularis predictorum civium per se speciales et separales literas nostras de presenti pardonacione nostra penes se haberet vel optineret. Nolumus tamen nec intencionis nostre existit quod persone quarum nomina in parliamentis nostris annis regni nostri quinto (fn. iii-132-59-1) et sexto (fn. iii-132-59-2) in speciali excepta fuerunt, nec ipsarum personarum aliqua, in presenti pardonacione nostra comprehendantur, nec gratiam inde colore presentium reportent quovis modo. In cujus, etc. Teste rege apud Westm' .xviij. die Octobris. (fn. iii-132-59-3) | 20. The king to all bailiffs etc, greeting. Know that, of our special grace, and with the assent of our magnates and nobles attending our present parliament, we have pardoned the citizens of our city of York, and every one of them, the suit of our peace and whatsoever pertains to us, for all insurrections, treasons, seditions, sieges, rapes of women, homicides, murders, felonies, robberies, thefts, fires, trespasses, misdeeds, contempts, rebellions, disobedience, extortion, harshness, duress, confederacies, [col. b] conspiracies, collusions, ambidexterities, forestallings, regratings, frauds, deceptions, unlawful assemblies, oaths, conventicles, maintenance and whatsoever other offences, injuries, damages and excesses, committed, inflicted or otherwise perpetrated against us or our progenitors, or upon any of our lieges and their progenitors by the aforesaid citizens, or any one of them, both within our aforesaid city as well as anywhere without, before the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross last past [14 September 1382], and also for each and every article upon which inquest ought to or could be held in the future in the presence of our itinerant justices or our heirs, whereof they stand indicted, adjudged or accused, or otherwise charged, or molested, or may, in future, be vexed or troubled: and also outlawries if such were proclaimed against them on any one of them on those grounds, and we have granted our firm peace to them and each one of them, provided that they stand trial in our court if any wish to plead against them or one of them concerning the aforesaid or any of the aforesaid. Also, we have pardoned each and every one of them all manner of forfeitures which they may have incurred towards us on the aforesaid grounds in any way, after the said feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross [14 September 1382], or might in any way incur towards us or our heirs in future. We have pardoned the same citizens and each one of them for all kinds of exports of wool, hides, woolfells, and other items and merchandise whatsoever overseas, or into the parts of Scotland, without customs or the subsidy paid on them, or contrary to our prohibition or proscription or that of our progenitors, and for all exports and imports of any gold or silver money and plate, or bullion, or jewels to the aforesaid parts overseas, or Scotland, and also for any bringing or carrying of Scottish money into our kingdom of England, contrary to such prohibition and proscription, done before the aforesaid feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross [14 September 1382], and of any forfeitures which they incurred towards us on the aforesaid grounds after that feast, or which might pertain to us and our heirs in the future. We have also pardoned those citizens and every one of them any fines, redemptions and amercements adjudged before our beloved uncle John, king of Castile and Leon, duke of Lancaster, and his companions our justices assigned to hear and determine insurrections, treasons, seditions, sieges, felonies, trespasses and other offences committed in the county of York, within liberties as without, for whatever reasons, after that same feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross [14 September 1382]. And also any issues forfeited or adjudged before the same justices on these grounds after the same feast, or yet to be forfeited or adjudged. And further, since various great men and other citizens of the said city, and their ancestors and predecessors, were bound to us and our progenitors before this time for various sums of money through their recognizances, both in our chancery and in the chanceries of our progenitors, and elsewhere before our justices and judges and those of our progenitors, both on their own account as well as for various other persons, upon certain conditions both for the keeping of peace as well as numerous other conditions specified, we have pardoned and remitted these citizens, and every one of them, each and every one of the sums nominated in any way by those great men and citizens, or any of them, or of their ancestors or predecessors, to us, or our progenitors, before 27 February last [1382], and executions of the same recognizances, whether of recognizances made on certain conditions, or simple, and also any conditions, mainprises or undertakings, which they or any one of them owed or were bound by concerning those recognizances, and by reason of the same, or might be so obliged, and by the tenor of these presents we acquit and exonerate in perpetuity each and every one of these citizens, and their heirs, executors and assigns, from all sums simply or conditionally recognized before the said 27 February, and from all manner of conditions, mainprises and undertakings held or specified therein towards us [p. iii-136][col. a] and our heirs. Moreover, those recognizances, made before the same 27 February, as said above, and every one of them, wheresoever they shall be found or alleged against the said citizens or any one of them in the future, in judgment or otherwise, we henceforth shall not hold to be of any force or validity. Furthermore, for the greater peace and security of those citizens and every one of them, we will and grant for us and our heirs that neither the aforesaid citizens, nor any of them, by reason, colour or occasion of any such insurrections, treasons, seditions, sieges, rapes of women, homicides, murders, felonies, robberies, thefts, fires, trespasses, misdeeds, contempts, rebellions, disobedience, extortion, duress, oppressions, confederacies, conspiracies, collusions, ambidexterities, forestallings, regratings, frauds, deceptions, gatherings, oaths, conventicles, maintenance, or any other misdeeds, injuries, damages or excesses, wheresoever committed or perpetrated against us or our progenitors or our lieges or their progenitors in whatever way before the aforesaid feast, both within our aforesaid city and outside, or of other aforesaid forfeitures, or of other articles to be investigated before our itinerant justices and those of our heirs, or upon the occasion of any exports of wool, hides or woolfells, or other items or merchandise, whether money, plate, gold or silver bullion, or jewels, to any parts overseas or to Scotland, or the bringing or carrying of Scottish money into our kingdom of England, or moreover, on the occasion of the aforesaid fines, redemptions, amercements, or issues, or also on the grounds of any recognizances of any sums of money made by these citizens or any one of them, or their ancestors or predecessors, or other great men or citizens of the same city, alive or dead before the said 27 February, or any conditions, mainprises or undertakings, whether such conditions, mainprises or undertakings shall have been completed or not; nor shall the heirs, executors or assigns of such dead or living citizens or any one of them be attached, harassed or molested in any way on account of anything by us or our heirs, nor grieved, nor brought to answer or judgment in our court, before us, or the chancellor of us or our heirs, or before any of our justices, judges, or ministers, or those of our heirs in future, but shall be entirely quit and exonerated, and every one of them shall be quit and exonerated thereof in perpetuity by these presents. And that each and every one of our lieges and faithful men whom this concerns shall be fully apprised of all the aforesaid matters, and that all citizens of this city and every person amongst them, shall openly rejoice on account of our present pardon, by our special grace, and with the consent, assent and wish of the aforesaid magnates and lord, we will and concede for us and our heirs that our present general pardon of each and every one contained in our present letters shall be of such force, validity and value, that it shall benefit and hold for each and every one of our aforesaid citizens, and particular individuals amongst the same, and if any individual from amongst the aforesaid citizens wishes, he shall have and obtain particular, separate letters from us of our present pardon. Nevertheless we do not wish and neither is it our intention that anyone who was especially excluded by name in our parliaments of the fifth (fn. iii-132-59-1) and sixth years of our reign, (fn. iii-132-59-2) nor any such, shall be included in the present pardon, nor regain our grace by colour of these presents in any way. In testimony of which, etc. Witnessed by the king at Westminster 18 October [1382]. (fn. iii-132-59-3) |
| Per ipsum regem et consilium in parliamento, et per finem mille marcarum in quibus major et communitas dicte civitatis per scriptum suum sub [col. b] communi sigillo suo obligantur, unde quingentas marcas solverunt, et quingentas marcas in festo Pasche proximo futuro solvent. | By the king and council in parliament, and for a fine of one thousand marks to which the mayor and community of the said town bound themselves in a document under [col. b] their common seal, of which they have paid five hundred marks, and shall pay five hundred marks at Easter next [22 March 1383]. |
| 21. Rex omnibus ballivis etc, salutem. Sciatis quod de gracia nostra speciali, ac de assensu magnatum et procerum nobis in presenti parliamento nostro assistencium, pardonavimus burgensibus et communitati ville nostre de Scardeburgh' in comitatu Ebor', et eorum cuilibet, exceptis specialiter Henr' de Ruston', seniori, Johanne de Rillyngton', Johanne de < Wawyn, > Willelmo de Shropham, Roberto Paa, Johanne de Stokwith', Johanne de Brun', Willelmo Sage, Johanne de Barton', Johanne de Morsham, seniori, Willelmo Carter, Alano Waldyff', Johanne de Acclom, Henr' de Ruston', juniori, Willelmo Scot, Ricardo de Shropham, Willelmo Percy, Johanne Coroner, Ricardo Colman, Thoma del Lane, Petro Wistowe, Johanne de Seterington', Johanne Coke, Ricardo Couper, Reginaldo Gerrard, Thoma Sergeant, Thoma Peke, Adam Clerc, Adam Seterington', Johanne de Scalby, Thoma de Brun, Johanne Page, Willelmo de Novo Castro, Hugone de Barton', Willelmo Manby, Ricardo del Kechin, Henr' Wresill', Roberto Erll', Rogero Baxster, Thoma Maldson de Whallesgrave, Roberto Acclom' et Roberto Rillyngton, de dicta villa de Scardeburgh', sectam pacis nostre, et quicquid ad nos pertinet, pro omnimodis insurrectionibus, etc., ut supra usque hic, - exnunc forisfaciendos vel adjudicandos, - mutatis mutandis; et tunc sic,- Ac insuper pro ipsorum burgensium, et communitatis, et eorum cujuslibet, exceptis semper preexceptis, majori securitate et quiete volumus, etc.,-ut supra, usque hic,- seu exituum predictorum et tunc sic,- aut heredes, vel executores, sive terre tenentes ipsorum burgensium et communitatis defunctorum sive superstitum, etc., ut supra mutatis mutandis, usque hic,-imperpetuum per presentes - et tunc sic,-Volentes insuper eisdem burgensibus et communitati < gratiam > In hac parte facere ampliorem, concessimus eisdem, et eorum cuilibet, exceptis prexceptis, omnia bona et catalla sua que nobis racione cujuscumque prodicionis, felonie, transgressionis, vel alterius mesprisionis, per ipsos vel eorum aliquem in insurrectione seu rumore ibidem anno regni nostri suborte, ut dicitur, facte seu quomodolibet perpetrate, dici poterunt forisfacta; ac bona et catalla, illa eciam, si ipsi vel eorum aliquis ex hac causa fugam fecerint, integre restituimus, et restitui volumus eisdem. Et ut omnibus et singulis ligeis et fidelibus nostris quorum interest, etc., ut supra. In cujus, etc. Teste ut supra. (fn. iii-132-63-1) | 21. The king to all bailiffs, etc., greeting. Know that, of our special grace, and with the assent of our magnates and nobles attending our present parliament, we have pardoned the burgesses and community of our town of Scarborough in the county of York, and every one of them, with the particular exceptions of Henry Ruston, the elder, John Rillington, John Wawyn, William Shropham, Robert Paa, John Stokwith, John Brown, William Sage, John Barton, John Morsham, the elder, William Carter, Alan Waldiff, John Acclom, Henry Ruston, the younger, William Scot, Richard Shropham, William Percy, John Coroner, Richard Colman, Thomas Lane, Peter Wistowe, John Seterington, John Coke, Richard Cooper, Reginald Gerrard, Thomas Sergeant, Thomas Peek, Adam Clerk, Adam Seterington, John Scalby, Thomas Brown, John Page, William Newcastle, Hugh Barton, William Manby, Richard Kechin, Henry Wresill, Robert Earl, Roger Baxter, Thomas Maldson of Whallesgrave, Robert Acclom and Robert Rillington, of the said town of Scarborough, of the suit of our peace, and whatsoever pertains to us, for all kinds of insurrections, etc., as above, thus far - yet to be forfeited or adjudged - mutatis mutandis; and then thus, - and also for those burgesses and community, and every one of them, excepting always those excepted above, for greater security and peace we will, etc., - as above, thus far, - or the issues of the aforesaid, and then thus, - or the heirs, or executors, or assigns of those burgesses and community, whether dead or living, etc., as above, mutatis mutandis, thus far, - in perpetuity through these present letters, thus - and then thus, - wishing further to grant more ample grace in the matter to the same burgesses and community, we have conceded to the same and every one of them, excepting those previously excepted, all goods and chattels forfeited to us by reason of whatsoever treason, felony, transgression or other offences, committed or in any way perpetrated by them or any one of them during the insurrection or uprising which occurred in the same year of our reign, as it was said; and moreover we have fully restored and shall have restored such goods and chattels, if they or any of them fled for that reason. And that each and every one of our lieges and faithful men whom this concerns, etc., as above. In testimony of which, etc. Witnessed as above [18 October 1382]. (fn. iii-132-63-1) |
| The rest of m.6 has been left blank. | |
| [memb. 5] | |
| 22. Item, coment q'autre foitz estoit ordenez en parlement qe l'estaple des leins, quirs et peaulx lanutz serroit tenuz a Caleys, et nul part aillours hors du roialme, (fn. iii-132-65-1) nientmeins pur le grant bien et profit qe, si Dieux plest, aviendra a nostre seignour le roi et a tout son roialme d'Engleterre, parmye le traitee q'en partie a este comenciez, et qe proscheinement serra tenuz parentre nostre seignour le roi et les Flamentz sur certains articles touchez pur commune profit de l'un et de l'autre paiis, est assentuz et accordez en ce parlement qe par cause de mesme le traitee homme puisse remeuer la dite estaple hors de mesme la ville de Caleys, et le faire metter en autre ville et < lieu > covenable: et enoultre par celle cause faire tielles ordinances des leins et autres marchandises de l'estaple come mieultz semblera a nostre seignour le roi et son conseil de faire en le cas, pur commune profit del dit roialme, et salvacione des marchandises avauntdites, nient contreesteant aucune ordinance ou grant faite au contraire devant ceste heure. | 22. Also, although on another occasion it was ordained in parliament that the staple of wool, hides and woolfells should be held at Calais and nowhere else outside the realm, (fn. iii-132-65-1) nevertheless, for the great good and profit which, if it please God, shall befall our lord the king and all his kingdom of England, through the treaty which is begun in part, and which shall shortly be made between our lord the king and the Flemings over certain articles touching the mutual benefit of both countries, it is assented and agreed in this parliament that by reason of the same treaty, the said staple may be transferred out of the same town of Calais, and put in another suitable town and place: and further, for that reason, to make such ordinances concerning wool and other merchandise of the staple as shall seem best to our lord the king and his council in those circumstances, for the common profit of the said kingdom, and the preservation of the aforesaid merchandise, notwithstanding any ordinance or grant made to the contrary in the past. |
| 23. Item, sur le profre qe a diverses foitz a este fait es parlementz par monsire d'Espaigne, duc de Lancastre, et ore par le dit duc rehercez en ce parlement devant les prelats et seignours, c'estassavoir, d'aler en [p. iii-137][col. a] Espaigne avec deux mille hommes d'armes, et atantz des archers, as gaiges le roi nostre seignour pur demy an, et dubble reward, dont la somme totale < oultre lour eskippesoun > amonteret bien entour .xliij. mille livres d'esterlings; de la quelle somme, ou en monoie ou en servise, le dit duc vorroit faire repaiement deinz trois ans proschein apres son alee, si einsi feust qe Dieux lui donast si longement la vie, et feust si longement a large de son corps hors de prisone, et arrivast a salvatee de lui et de ses gentz depar dela. Et enoultre, sur ceste profre demande et questione fait as prelatz, conts, barons et banerettz, esteantz en ce parlement, sibien en general come severalment, c'estassavoir, si lour semblast celle viage ore affaire en Espaigne par le dit duc avec le nombre des gentz avauntdites, feust profitable pur nostre [col. b] seignour le roi et son roialme d'Engleterre, ou nemye. Mesmes les prelatz, contz, barons et bacheliers respondirent qe si plest a nostre seignour le roi, lour semblast tout a certain qe aiant regard sibien al socours et rescous des nobles seignours et autres gentz Engleys q'ores sont en celles marches, come autrement a ce qe homme pense al aide nostre seignour de mettre celle guerre a hastive et bon fin, < et > par consequens le pluis tost et le pluis aisement les autres; qe celle viage d'Espaigne si feust profitable et honurable au roi et a son roialme avantdit, par manere come le dit profre purporte. Purveuz toutes voies qe le dit duc y voise assez fort des gentz et d'autres apparaillementz de guerre; qar lour semble qe la nombre des gentz demande si est assez petit pur faire guerre a si forte roialme. | 23. Also, concerning the offer which has been made on various occasions in parliaments by monsire of Spain, the duke of Lancaster, and now offered by word of mouth by the said duke in this parliament before the prelates and lords, namely to go to [p. iii-137][col. a] Spain with two thousand men-at-arms, and as many archers, at the wages of the king our lord for half a year, and double reward, the sum total of which, over and above their transportation, amounts to almost £43,000 pounds sterling; which sum, the said duke would repay within three years of his going, either in money or in service, if God thus grants him a life so long, and if he remains free from imprisonment for so long a time, and returns safely with his men from overseas. Furthermore, the prelates, earls, barons and bannerets attending this parliament were asked and questioned, both together and individually, whether it seemed to them that the expedition now to be made to Spain by the said duke with the aforesaid number of men, would prove profitable to our [col. b] lord the king and his kingdom of England, or not. The same prelates, earls, barons and noblemen answered that if it pleased our lord the king, it seemed certain to them that bearing in mind both the succour and rescue of the noble lords and other English people who are now in those marches, and as an aid to our lord by bringing that war to a swift and hasty conclusion, and in consequence more swiftly and readily concluding the others; that the expedition to Spain would be profitable and honourable to the king and his aforesaid kingdom, in the manner outlined in the said proposal. Provided always that the said duke was well enough prepared with men and other equipment of war; since it seems to them that the number of men requested was too small to wage war against so strong a kingdom. |
| [memb. 4] | |
| YCY S'ENSUENT LES PETICIONS BAILLEZ AVANT EN CEST PARLEMENT PAR LA COMMUNE D'ENGLETERRE, AVEC LES RESPONSES DONEZ ET FAITES ILLOEQES PAR NOSTRE SEIGNOUR LE ROY, DE L'ADVIS DES PRELATZ, SEIGNOURS ET AUTRES DE SON CONSEILLE, ESTEANTZ EN DIT PARLEMENT. | HERE FOLLOW THE PETITIONS SUBMITTED TO THIS PARLIAMENT BY THE COMMONS OF ENGLAND, TOGETHER WITH THE ANSWERS GIVEN AND MADE THERE BY OUR LORD THE KING, WITH THE ADVICE OF THE PRELATES, LORDS AND OTHERS OF HIS COUNCIL ATTENDING THE SAID PARLIAMENT. |
| [col. a] | |
| 24. A nostre trespuissant et tresredoute seignour nostre seignour le roi, et a son tresnoble conseil, prelatz et autres seignours en cest present parlement tenuz a Westm' le lundy en les oetaves de Seint Michel, l'an du regne nostre dit seignour le roy sisme, supplient voz humbles communes pur les peticions dessouz escriptz: | 24. To our most exalted and redoubtable lord our lord the king, and his most noble council, the prelates, and other lords in this present parliament held at Westminster on Monday the octave of Michaelmas, in the sixth year of the reign of our said lord the king [6 October 1382], your humble commons request your favour for the petitions written below: |
| I. [Confirmation of liberties, charters, and statutes.] | I. [Confirmation of liberties, charters, and statutes.] |
| En primes supplient voz ditz communes qe seinte esglise eit et enjoise toutes ses libertees et franchises, et qe la grande chartre, la chartre de la foreste, l'estatut des purveours et les autres bons estatutz et ordinances avant ces heures faitz, soient tenuz et gardez, et duement executz selonc l'effect d'icelles. | First, your said commons pray that holy church may have and enjoy all its liberties and franchises, and that the Great Charter, the Charter of the Forest, the Statute of Purveyors, and the other good statutes and ordinances made in the past, be upheld and preserved, and duly enforced in accordance with the tenor of the same. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi le voet. (fn. iii-132-77-1) | The king wills it. (fn. iii-132-77-1) |
| II. [Actions of debt, etc., to be pleaded in the county where the contract was made.] | II. [Actions of debt, etc., to be pleaded in the county where the contract was made.] |
| 25. Item, prient les communes: qe si homme porte sur autre brief d'appele < de > felonie, de trespas, de dette, ou de queconqe cause, en un forein countee ou le fait n'estoit fait, ne le defendour n'est demurrant, n'ad possession des terres, tenementz, rents, ne chateux, par queux il poet estre garniz ne destreint, qe le dit proces poet estre adnulle, et le pursuour et les conspiratours puissent porter mesme la peyne qe le defendour deust porter en cas q'il feust pursuy a l'exigende, ou al utlagarie, par la dite suite. Et soit trie par enqueste, la moitee del un countee et l'autre moitee de l'autre countee ou le fait fuist fait, et sur ce donez juggement. Et soit grante auxibien pur les plees pendantz, come pur les plees avenirs. | 25. Also, the commons pray: that if a man brings a writ of appeal against another for felony, trespass, debt, or any other cause, in a county where the deed was not done, or where the defendant is not dwelling, and has no lands, tenements, rents or chattels, with which he can be summoned or distrained, that the said process be annulled, and the suitor and his abettors suffer the same penalty which the defendant would have suffered in a cause in which he had been taken to exigent or outlawry, by the said suit. And let it be tried by inquest, half by one county and half by the other where the deed was done, and judgment delivered thereon. And let it be granted as well for pending pleas, as for pleas to come. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| < Le roi voet qe si desore homme port brief de dette, d'accompte, de detenue ou d'autres tieles actions, et en plee pledant face son countee de contract fait en autre countee > qe le brief n'est porte, qe maintenant brief s'abate. (fn. iii-132-83-1) | The king wills that if, henceforth, anyone brings a writ of debt, account, detinue or other such actions, and in pleading the plea gives an account of a contract made in another county where the writ was not brought, that the writ shall be immediately annulled. (fn. iii-132-83-1) |
| III. [Actions on writ of nuisance viscontel to be heard at the election of the plaintiff.] | III. [Actions on writ of nuisance viscontel to be heard at the election of the plaintiff.] |
| 26. Item, prient les communes: qe come juggement soit done en courte le roi pur le pleintif en briefs d'anusance viscontels, come des mures, ou mesons, et autres semblables levez en anusance d'aucuny, et l'execucione faite par le viscont, les tenantz ou defendantz lendemain apres l'execucione faite relevent ou font tielx anusances [col. b] en mesmes les villes, et autre remede n'est done sinoun de recomencer novel brief, et sic infinitum: quel est grant meschief et delaye pur le pleintif, qar tieux juggementz en courte le roi preignent nul effect. | 26. Also, the commons pray: whereas judgment is given in the king's court in favour of the plaintiff in sheriffs' writs of nuisance, as of walls, houses or the like built to the annoyance of any, and execution is made by the sheriff, the day after such execution, the tenants or defendants rebuild or cause similar nuisances [col. b] in the same towns, and no other remedy is provided than reissuing the writ, and thus it never ends: which causes great trouble and delay to the plaintiff, since such judgments in the king's court take no effect. |
| Si plest a nostre dit seignour le roi, en les dites cas d'anusance, et lour semblables, grantir assises d'anusance, terminables pardevant justices d'assises ou autres justices come autres assises d'anusance et reddisseisine auxi, si meister y soit. | May it please our said lord the king, in the said cases of nuisance, and the like, to grant assizes of nuisance, determinable before justices of assizes, or other justices as well as other assizes of nuisance and redisseisin, if need be. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Il plest au roi qe toutes tielx briefs soient al eleccione du pleintif faites et prises en nature d'assises devant les justices del un bank ou del autre, ou devant les justices d'assises. (fn. iii-132-89-1) | It is pleasing to the king that all such writs, at the decision of the plaintiff, be issued and held in the nature of assizes before the justices of the one Bench or the other, or before the justices of the assizes. (fn. iii-132-89-1) |
| IIII. [Where no English ships are available, ships of other friendly powers may be used.] | IIII. [Where no English ships are available, ships of other friendly powers may be used.] |
| 27. Item, prient les communes: qe come en le derrain parlement estoit fait estatut qe nul lige nostre seignour le roi deusse eskipper nule marchandise as parties de dela, ne d'illoeqes en Engleterre, sinoun es vesselx des liges nostre dit seignour; a comencer mesme l'ordinance a la feste de Pasqe proschein: (fn. iii-132-92-1) quel estatut semble as ditz communes trope damageous, sanz remede d'amendement d'icel. | 27. Also, the commons pray: whereas in the last parliament a statute was made that no liege of our lord the king should ship any merchandise to places overseas, nor thence to England, except in vessels belonging to lieges of our said lord; the same ordinance to begin at Easter next [22 March 1383]: (fn. iii-132-92-1) which statute seems to the said commons to be most damaging unless amendment be made. |
| Qe plese amender le dit estatut qe entant come aucuns niefs des liges soient trovez sibien en Engleterre come dela, ou marchantz liges sont repairantz ovesqe lours marchandises, q'ils frettent mesmes les niefs devant autres, tancome les ditz niefs soient ables et suffisantz. | May it please you to amend the said statute, to the effect that as long as ships of lieges are available in England and overseas where liege merchants are present with their merchandise, they shall transport their goods on those ships in preference to others, if the said ships are seaworthy and suitable. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi le voet. (fn. iii-132-95-1) | The king wills it. (fn. iii-132-95-1) |
| V. [Voidance of fraudulent annuities.] | V. [Voidance of fraudulent annuities.] |
| 28. Item, prient les communes: qe la ou gentz sont enheritez de leur heritage, ou de purchace, aucunes par leur subtilitees se forgent et monstrent annuetees long temps apres la morte de les auncestres de cellui a qi tielx terres sont decenduz, ou de celluy a qi tielle terre est purchace, et viegnent dys ans, ou vynt ans, ou grant temps apres et pursuent lours annuetees; qe nul tiel annuetee preigne effect, mais soit jugge come nul, si ensi < ne > soit q'il ad este seisi et paie overtement et effectuelment de la summe contenue en l'annuetee, et ce par conisance du paiis. | 28. Also, the commons pray: whereas people have right of inheritance by heredity, or by purchase, some craftily forge and claim annuities long after the death of the ancestors from whom the lands have descended, or from whom they were purchased, and ten or twenty years later, or longer, they come and claim their annuities; that no such annuity have effect, but shall be considered invalid, unless the sum contained in the annuity has been seised and paid openly and effectually, and this through the witness of the county. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi s'advisera. | The king will consider this further. |
| [p. iii-138] | |
| [col. a] | |
| VI. [Bounds of the admiralties.] | VI. [Bounds of the admiralties.] |
| 29. Item, prient les communes: qe les admiraltees del west et del north soient departiz come ils ont este en temps de voz nobles progenitours, et ne soit chaunge en autre condicion n'en autre manere. Qar l'entente et la supplicacione des communes estoit au derrain parlement qe l'admiral del north qe lors feust ordene dusse avoir eue la garde del mier jesqes al entree del port de Hampton': mais n'estoit my leur entent qe la jurisdiccione de l'admiraltee del west feust en rien amenusez, mais qe l'admiral del north eust soulement la garde du meer, de bouche del eawe de Thamise devers le north. | 29. Also, the commons pray: that the admiralties of the west and north be divided as they were in the time of your noble progenitors, and not changed in any respect, for the intention and request of the commons at the last parliament was that the admiral of the north, who was then appointed, ought to have the keeping of the sea as far as the entrance to the port of Southampton: and it was certainly not their intention that the jurisdiction of the admiralty of the west should be reduced in any way, but that the admiral of the north should have sole keeping of the sea from the mouth of the River Thames northwards. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Soient les ditz admiraltees tenues et gardez en lours boundes et droitures, come d'ancien temps ont este. | Let the boundaries and rights pertaining to the said admirals hold and be kept in accordance with ancient practice. |
| VII. [Keeping the sea.] | VII. [Keeping the sea.] |
| 30. Item, prient les communes: qe come pur defaut de bone governance sur la meere pluseurs vesselx du roialme sont prises par noz enemys, et les gentz de mesmes les vesselx, et les ditz vesselx raunceonez as grandes summes, et aucuns des dites gentz amesnez es parties de France, et illoeqes avec noz enemys detenuz pur descoverer les privitees du roialme, et amesner les ditz enemys en les pluis secretz et privez portz du roiaume en bone defense ne poet estre fait sanz grantz coustages, a l'annientissement et destruccione du dit roialme, et la navie d'icelle, si remede n'y soit mys. | 30. Also, the commons pray: whereas through a lack of good governance on the sea many vessels of the kingdom are taken by our enemies, and the men on the same vessels and the vessels themselves ransomed for great sums, and some of the said men taken to the parts of France and there they are kept by our enemies to discover the secrets of the kingdom, and to lead the said enemies to the most secret and private ports of the kingdom which cannot be well defended without great expense, to the ruin and destruction of the said kingdom, and the fleet of the same, unless remedy be supplied. |
| Qe plese avoir consideracione a les meschiefs avauntditz, eiantz regarde qe .vi. d. de la livre des marchandises sont grantez pur bone governance de la miere, dont nul est ordene, et en affiance d'icelle governance plusours vesselx sont perduz, et les gentz d'iceux raunceonez as summes importables. | May it please you to consider the aforesaid troubles, bearing in mind that 6 d. in the pound on merchandise have been granted for the safe keeping of the sea, which has not been ordained, and because of the lack of such governance many vessels are lost, and the people of the same ransomed for intolerable sums. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi, par advis de son conseil, ent ordeignera de remede. | The king, by the advice of his council, will ordain remedy for this. |
| VIII. [No aliens to hold benefices.] | VIII. [No aliens to hold benefices.] |
| 31. Item, prient les communes: qe come pluseurs estatutz et ordinances aient este faitz avaunt ces heures des dignitees et autres benefices electives deinz mesmes le roialme, queux sont donez as aliens, et aucun foitz as apertz enemys nostre seignour le roi et de son roialme, paront le tresor est tret hors du roialme, le conseil du roialme descovert, et plusours autres meschiefs ent aviegnent, come pluis pleinement appiert es ditz estatutz et ordinances. Et nient contresteant celles estatutz, mesmes les aliens < si > preignent possessione des dignitees de jour en autre, et sibien les dites dignitees et benefices electives come autres benefices en chescune partie d'Engleterre occupient, et y ont lours procuratours et fermers d'estranges nacions, come du roialme mesmes, contre l'ordinance ent nadgairs faite en vostre parlement. | 31. Also, the commons pray: whereas many statutes and ordinances have been made in the past concerning dignities and other elective benefices within the same kingdom, which have been given to aliens, and sometimes to open enemies of our lord the king and his kingdom, as a result of which treasure is withdrawn from the kingdom, the king's counsel disclosed, and many other troubles ensue, as appears more plainly in the said statutes and ordinances. Yet, notwithstanding these statutes, such aliens still take possession of dignities from one day to the next, and occupy the said dignities and elective benefices as well as other benefices in all parts of England, and there they install their proctors and farmers from foreign lands, as well as from the kingdom itself, contrary to the ordinance recently made thereon in your parliament. |
| Qe plese, en sauvacion du droit de vostre coroune, et pur commune profit avauntdit, faire ordener et establer en ce parlement qe toutz les ditz estatutz et ordinances soient mises en due execucione; et tielment ordener qe les franches eleccions faites et affaires deinz vostre roialme purront esteer come ils soloient en temps passe, et nule persone de quecunqe degree, estat ou condition q'il soit, alien ou denszein, soit desore procuratour, fermer ou administrour des ditz aliens de nul manere de lours benefices deinz le dit roiaume, sur peyne de quant q'ils purront forfaire en corps et en biens. | May it please you, to save the right of your crown, and for the aforesaid common profit, to cause it to be ordained and decreed in this parliament that all the said statutes and ordinances be put into proper practice; and ordained in such a way that the free elections made and to be made within your kingdom may remain as they have done in the past, and that no person of whatever degree, status or condition he be, alien or denizen, shall henceforth be a proctor, farmer or administrator for the said aliens in any way of their benefices within the said kingdom, on pain of forfeiting whatsoever they can of their bodies and their goods. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Estoisent les estatutz faitz en le cas. (fn. iii-132-119-1) | Let the statutes made thereon remain in force. (fn. iii-132-119-1) |
| IX. [Prices of sweet wines.] | IX. [Prices of sweet wines.] |
| 32. Item, prient les communes: qe come il feust ordene au derrain parlement par estatut qe nully venderoit vins douces a retaille mais tanqe al feste de Seint Johan proschein ensuant, et apres ycel feste soulement en groos, (fn. iii-132-122-1) qe le dit estatut soit enlargie, ensi qe chescun purra vendre vin douce a retaille a mesme le pris come vin de Ryn, ou vin de Gascoigne est venduz, et nemy pluis haut, sur peine contenue deinz l'estatut avauntdit. | 32. Also, the commons pray: whereas it was ordained at the last parliament by statute that no one should sell sweet wine by retail after the feast of St John following [24 June 1382], and after that feast only in gross, (fn. iii-132-122-1) that the said statute may be extended, so that anyone may sell sweet wine by retail at the same price at which Rhenish or Gascon wine is sold, and for no more, on pain of the penalty contained in the aforesaid statute. |
| [col. b] | |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi le voet, issint qe mesmes les vins douces ne soient venduz a pluis haut pris qe les autres vins ne sont ou serront, sur peyne de forfaiture d'ycelle. (fn. iii-132-125-1) | The king wills it, so that the same sweet wines be not sold at a higher price than that at which the other wines are or shall be sold, on pain of forfeiture of the same. (fn. iii-132-125-1) |
| X. [Security against the Scots.] | X. [Security against the Scots.] |
| 33. Item, prient les communes: pur les tresgrantz perils qe purront avenir par les Escotz, purce qe commune fame est qe certein est q'ils sont en purpos pur avoir guerre sur nous, et ce serroit le pluis fort et le pluis malveis guerre qe nous purroit avenir. | 33. Also, the commons pray: for the very great dangers which may arise on account of the Scots, that whereas rumour has it that they do indeed intend to wage war on us, and it may be the most fierce and bitter war we have ever experienced. |
| Q'il plese a nostre dit seignour le roi qe l'ercevesqe d'Everwyk, l'evesqe de Duresme, le counte de Northumbr', le seignour de Nevill' et le seignour de Clifford', demoergent en lour paiis pur garder les frounters, et pur le tresgrant peril qe purra avenir au roi et au roialme: et q'il plese au roi et a nostre dame la roigne q'ils se treient vers Everwyk tanq'il soit ensure de pluis longe trieve, ou q'il sache finalment le purpos de les Escotz suisditz. | May it please our said lord the king to decree that the archbishop of York, the bishop of Durham, the earl of Northumberland, Lord Neville and Lord Clifford shall remain in their counties to guard the marches, because of the very great peril which might arise for the king and his kingdom: and may it please the king and our lady the queen to repair to York until a longer truce is ensured, or the intention of the aforesaid Scots is finally learnt. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Quant as seignours avauntditz, y plest au roi, si ensi soit q'ils n'eient excusacion resonable au contraire. Et quant au roi mesmes et ma dame la roigne, le roi, par advis des seignours autres de son conseil, en ferra ce qe mieultz lui semblera affaire. | As for the aforesaid lords, it pleases the king, if they have no reasonable excuse for acting to the contrary. As regards the king himself and our lady the queen, the king, by the advice of the other lords and his council, will do whatever he thinks should be done for the best. |
| XI. [Records burned in the revolt.] | XI. [Records burned in the revolt.] |
| 34. Item, prient les communes: qe come au derrain parlement tenuz a Westm' estoit grantez qe toutz les faitz et munimentz enroullez, qi furent debrusez en pluseurs lieux par les gentz q'ore tarde traiterousement leverent encontre leur ligeance, serroient exempliez et qe homme averoit la exemplificacion sanz rien paier pur le fee, entant qe home avoit paiez pur les enrollementz des ditz faitz devant. (fn. iii-132-134-1) | 34. Also, the commons pray: whereas at the last parliament held at Westminster it was granted that all the enrolled deeds and muniments, burnt in many places by those who recently rebelled treacherously and contrary to their allegiance, be copied; and that copies be had without payment of a fee, given that payment had been made for the enrolments of the said deeds in the first place. (fn. iii-132-134-1) |
| Q'il plese ratifier et confermer la dite grante; et outre ordener en ce present parlement qe chescune tiele exemplificacione soit de mesme le force et effect come les ditz faitz furent; et qe ceste peticione soit mys en estatut perpetuelment a durere. | May it please you to ratify and confirm the said grant; and also to ordain in this present parliament that each such copy shall be of the same force and validity as the said deeds; and that this petition be made into a statute to last forever. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi le voet. (fn. iii-132-137-1) | The king wills it. (fn. iii-132-137-1) |
| XII. [No eyres or commissions of trailbaston.] | XII. [No eyres or commissions of trailbaston.] |
| 35. Item, prient les communes: qe eiantz regarde a le grant meschief des paiis, et le grant povert des communes, q'il plese a nostre seignour le roi grantir qe le justice d'eire, ne trail-bastoun, ne courge parmy le roialme durantz les guerres. | 35. Also the commons pray: that bearing in mind the great troubles of the land, and the great poverty of the commons, it might please our lord the king to grant that neither the justices of eyre nor trailbaston shall operate throughout the kingdom for the duration of the wars. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi de sa grace voet et grant q'il se abstinera de faire tenir les eyres par ces deux ans proschein avenirs: et de tenir aucun trailbastoun pur l'an proschein avenir. | The king of his grace wills and grants that he will abstain from causing eyres to be held for two years to come: and from holding any trailbaston for one year to come. |
| XIII. [Trade with alien merchants in amity.] | XIII. [Trade with alien merchants in amity.] |
| 36. Item, prient les communes et les marchantz Lumbards en Engleterre: qe come en le derrain parlement estoit ordenez qe nul eschange serroit fait parentre marchant et marchant ne autres, lequel lour semble grant prejudice et damage au roi et a son roialme, par cause qe leynes et plusours autres marchandises d'Engleterre ne sont my venduz sibien come ils soloient, ne ne poent sanz eschange entre marchant et marchant, come usez est en toutes bones citees et villes du monde. | 36. Also, the commons and the Lombard merchants in England pray: whereas in the last parliament it was ordained that no exchange should be made between merchant and merchant or any others, this seems to them greatly to prejudice and injure the king and his kingdom, because wool and many other merchandises of England do not sell as well as they used, nor will they without exchange between merchant and merchant, which is the practice in all good cities and towns of the world. |
| Par quoy plese ent ordener due remede, sibien pur profit du roi et de son roiaume come pur ease des marchantz avauntditz. | On account of which may it please you to ordain a remedy, as well for the benefit of the king and his kingdom, as for the ease of the aforesaid merchants. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Demandent conge del chanceller, et si le demande soit resonable il < le > purra granter. (fn. iii-132-149-1) | Let them ask permission from the chancellor, and if the request is reasonable he may grant it. (fn. iii-132-149-1) |
| XIIII. [The admiral to the north.] | XIIII. [The admiral to the north.] |
| 37. Item, prient les communes: qe plese ordener en ce present parlement un suffisant admiral pur le north, qi poet par bone ordinance prendre la charge pur salvacione du couste et des biens passantz sur la miere, au fyn qe les enemys ne facent tiel destruccione a voz ditz liges come ils ont faitz ces trois ans passez, et meement en cest an derrain; deinz quel an ils ont destruitz et pris en le north coste .lx. niefs et craiers, outre autres meindres des queux ils ont pris grant fuysoun. | 37. Also, the commons pray: that it may please him to ordain in this present parliament a worthy admiral for the north, who is able through good ordinance to take responsibility for defending the coast, and goods crossing the sea, so that the enemy shall not inflict such ruin on your said lieges as they have inflicted in the last three years, and especially in this last year; during which they have destroyed and captured on the north coast sixty ships and crayers, not to mention other smaller vessels of which they have captured a great number. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Il plest au roi, et ce < soit > fait. | It pleases the king, and shall be done. |
| [p. iii-139] | |
| [col. a] | |
| XV. [No justice of assize, etc., to sit in his own county.] | XV. [No justice of assize, etc., to sit in his own county.] |
| 38. Item, prient les communes: qe nul justice de loy soit assigne justice as assises, deliverances, n'en autres enquerres en paiis ou ils sont conversantz, par cause des grantz alliances envers seignours et les grantz du paiis, come par diverses douns; issint qe les povres communes ne purront ent avoir droit. | 38. Also, the commons pray: that no justice of the law shall be appointed a justice of assize, delivery or any other inquests in the county where he lives, because of close alliances with the lords and great men of the county, as well as various gifts; as a result of which the poor commons cannot obtain justice. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi s'advisera. | The king will consider it further. |
| XVI. [Sessions in northern counties.] | XVI. [Sessions in northern counties.] |
| 39. Item, < prient > les communes qe les justices qi font lours sessions en le countee d'Everwyk, si purront faire lours sessions es countes de Northumbr', Cumbr' et Westmerl', deux foitz par an, a grant ease de celles parties, sur peine de forfaiture de ce q'ils purront forfaire devers le roi, qar en deux ans nule session est faite par les ditz justices, a grant damage de ditz communes. | 39. Also, the commons pray: that the justices who hold their sessions in the county of York, also hold their sessions in the counties of Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland, twice a year, for the greater convenience of those parts, on pain of forfeiting whatsoever they can to the king, as no session has been held by the said justices for the last two years, to the great injury of the said commons. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi voet qe les justices tiegnent lours sessions selonc la forme de l'ordinance ent faite, sinoun q'ils eient resonables causes par quelles ils ne le purront faire. | The king wills that the justices shall hold their sessions in accordance with the ordinance made thereon, unless they have good reasons for not being able to do so. |
| [memb. 3] | |
| XVII. [Assize towns.] | XVII. [Assize towns.] |
| 40. Item, prient les communes: qe come plusours justices d'assises et deliverances sovent foitz tiegnent leur sessions en les pluis loyntismes lieux des countees, a grant disease de les enhabitantz es dites countees, et des autres qi ont affaire as dites sessions. | 40. Also, the commons pray: whereas many justices of assize and delivery often hold their sessions in the most distant places in the counties, to the inconvenience of the inhabitants of the said counties, and others who have business to conduct at the said sessions. |
| Par quoy plese ordeiner en ce present parlement qe desore toutes assises et deliverances soient tenuz en les principalx villes des countees et nul part aillours, a grant ease des communes suisditz. | May it please you to ordain in this present parliament that, henceforth, all assizes and deliveries be held in the principal towns of the counties, and nowhere else, for the greater convenience of the aforesaid commons. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi le voet q'ils tiegnent leur sessions en les principalx et chiefs villes ou les countees sont tenuz. (fn. iii-132-173-1) | The king wills that they hold their sessions in the chief and principal towns where the county courts are held. (fn. iii-132-173-1) |
| XVIII. [Enrolments of process.] | XVIII. [Enrolments of process.] |
| 41. Item, prient les communes: qe come par l'estatut soit ordene qe les justices nostre seignour le roi averont clercs d'enroller touz les recordz devant eux attamez ou pledez, et auxint d'ensealer billes de ce q'ils ne veullent mettre en record; et aucuns des ditz justices ne veullent perfournir la dite ordinance, mais les concelent et detiegnent, encountre l'effect du dit estatut, < en > oppressione et disheritance des pleuseurs gentz. | 41. Also, the commons pray: whereas it was ordained by statute that the justices of our lord the king should have clerks to enrol all records brought or pleaded before them, and also to seal bills of matters which they did not wish to place on record; yet some of the said justices will not observe the said ordinance, but conceal and detain records, contrary to the purpose of the said statute, to the oppression and disinheritance of many people. |
| Qe plese ordener qe le dit estatut soit duement execut par eux deinz un quarter d'un an apres les records enrollez, et les billes issint ensealez, ou q'ils respondrent as parties de ce q'ils serront endamagez en lour defaut par celle enchesoun. | May it please you to ordain that the said statute be duly observed by them within one quarter of a year of the records being enrolled, and the bills thus sealed, or that they answer to the parties injured through their failing in that matter. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| L'estatut fait en le cas suffist, le quel le roi voet qe soit tenuz et gardez. (fn. iii-132-179-1) | The statute made on this matter is adequate and the king wills that it be kept and upheld. (fn. iii-132-179-1) |
| XIX. [Costs of the royal household.] | XIX. [Costs of the royal household.] |
| 42. Item, prient les communes: q'il plese au roi nostre seignour, considerez la grande destabiltee de ses communes, par avis de son tressage conseil et des seignours a ore esteantz en parlement, ordener, pur quiete et tranquillitee des dites communes, aufin qe par la grace de Dieu vostre roiaume, et voz liges puissent viver en quiete et amour, et qe droit et justice soient faitz des toutz partz: et enoultre, considerez la grant povert et disease de voz ditz communes, sibien par pestilence de gentz, moryne des bestes, et les fruytes de la terre pur la greindre partie faillez et suroundez, come autrement, ordeigner qe bone governail soit mys entour vostre honurable persone, siqe vous purrez honestement et roialment viver deinz les revenues de vostre roialme, et qe toutes maneres des gardes, mariages, reliefs, eschets, forfaitures et toutes autres commoditees puissent estre gardez pur voz guerres, et en defens de vostre roialme, et nul part ailleurs donez; en supportacion et eyde de voz povres communes, et grant honour et profit a vous. | 42. Also, the commons pray: that it may please the king our lord, considering the great restlessness of his commons, by the advice of his most wise council and the lords now attending parliament, to ordain, for the peace and tranquillity of the said commons, that through the grace of God, your realm and your lieges may live in love and peace, and that right and justice may be done to all parties: and further, considering the great poverty and discomfort of your said commons, on account of human pestilence, murrain of cattle, and the fruits of the soil having for the most part been flooded and destroyed, as well as other things, to ordain that good governance be set in place around your honourable person so that you may live honestly and regally within the revenues of your kingdom, and that all kinds of wardships, marriages, reliefs, escheats, forfeitures and all other resources be kept for your wars, and for the defence of your kingdom, and not used elsewhere; to support and assist your poor commons, and to your great honour and benefit. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi est de bone volentee, et le desire moelt entierment, de faire et ordener en ce cas par l'avis des seignours de son roialme ce qe lui semblera mieultz affaire pur son honur et profit. | The king is willing, and desires most earnestly to do and ordain in this instance, by the advice of the lords of his kingdom, whatsoever shall seem best to him in terms of his honour and benefit. |
| [col. b] | |
| XX. [Pardons for rebels.] | XX. [Pardons for rebels.] |
| 43. Item, prient les communes: qe come au parlement tenuz a Westm' l'an quint, de vostre grace especiale une pardoun feust grante as touz yceux qi vorroient purchacer leur chartres de pardoun de tresoun, et de felonie, (fn. iii-132-188-1) forspris certains articles, et certeines persones qi furent forsprises au dit parlement, parissint q'ils purchassent leur chartres parentre le dit parlement et le Penticost proschein ensuant. Et porce grant nombre des gentz qi sont enditez de tresoun par cause de le rumour sont laborers, et tielx qi riens n'ont, et ne furent pas de poair de purchacer lours chartres, issint q'ils sont hors de mesme la pardoun: et a cause q'ils se doutent d'estre mys en exigende et utlagarie, et en cas q'ils soient prises d'estre myses a mort, s'enfuent ensemble as boys et autres lieux, et auxint grant nombre des autres qi ne sont pas enditez se doutent d'estre en mesme le cas, dont purra sourdre grant meschief. | 43. Also, the commons pray: whereas at the parliament held at Westminster in the fifth year, by your special grace a pardon was granted to all those who wished to purchase their charters of pardon of treason, and for felony, (fn. iii-132-188-1) excepting certain articles, and certain people who were excluded at the said parliament, that they might purchase their charters between the said parliament and the Whitsun following [25 May 1382]. Yet a large number of the people who were indicted for treason because of the said uprising are labourers and the like who have nothing, and are not in a position to purchase their charters, so that they remain without the same pardon: and because they fear that they will be placed in exigent or outlawry, or seized and put to death, they flee into woods and other places, and what is more, a large number of others who have not been indicted fear the same plight, from which great trouble may ensue. |
| Par quoy plese granter une pardoun general de tresoun de le rumour suisdit, forspris ceux qi furent forsprises, sanz chartre avoir, forspris murdre et felonie. | On account of which may it please you to grant a general pardon of treason in the aforesaid uprising, excepting those who were excluded, without a charter being necessary, except for murder and felony. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi voet q'ils ent eient pardon de toutes traisons et < felonies > faites en le dit rumour, c'estassavoir parentre le primer jour de May l'an quart et la feste de la Nativitee Seint Johan lors proschein ensuant; exceptes toutes les persones en especial, des queux les nouns aient este deliverez es < parlementz des ans del regne nostre dit seignour le roi quint et sisme, pur estre exemptz de toute grace du roi faite en les ditz parlementz; come celles persones qe sont arettez principalx comenceours et abbettours > du dit rumour. Et horspris toutz ceaulx de la ville de Bury; et horspris Johan Horn', Adam Karlill' et Wauter Sibill', de Londres, acusez en cest parlement de certains horribles pointz; et excepts toutz autres esteantz pleinement en le cas de ditz Johan, Adam et Wauter, ou nul de eux. (fn. iii-132-191-1) | The king wills that they shall receive a pardon of all treasons and felonies committed in the said uprising, namely between 1 May in the fourth year [1381] and the feast of the Nativity of St John following [24 June 1381]; excepting all those in particular whose names were submitted to the parliaments held in the fifth and sixth years of the reign of our said lord to be exempted from the king's grace granted in the said parliaments, as people held to be the chief instigators and abettors of the said uprising. And excepting all those of the town of Bury; and excepting John Horn, Adam Karlile and Walter Sibil, of London, accused in this parliament of certain horrible matters; and excepting all others clearly involved in the matter of the said John, Adam and Walter, or any one of them. (fn. iii-132-191-1) |
| The section from 'esteantz' to 'nul de eux' has been added later in a contemporary hand. | |
| XXI. [Depredations of Cheshire men.] | XXI. [Depredations of Cheshire men.] |
| 44. Item, prient les communes: qe come plusours countees d'Engleterre sont outrement oppressez et destruitz par y ce qe les gentz del countee de Cestre viegnent quant il lour plest, forciblement armes encontre la paix, es ditz countees, et ravisent lours femmes et leur files countre lour gree, et les amesnent el countee de Cestre et illoeqes extorcionousement les detiegnent: et outre ce, a lour volentee font diverses quereles, et en diverses maneres, encontre les gentz des ditz countees; et tout soit il qe les ditz quereles soient feynes et nient verroies, si les dites gentz ne veullent faire gree a lour volentee, meintenant ils se levent ove grant nombre des gentz armez, et entrent es ditz countees, et les ditz parties par tiele mestrie batent, naunfrent, maheyment, ardent et destruent, et les raunceonent torceonousement. | 44. Also, the commons pray: whereas many counties of England are entirely ruined and oppressed because men from Cheshire appear in the said counties as they please, well armed against the peace, and ravish their women and daughters without mercy, and carry them off into Cheshire and there tortiously detain them. And further, they pursue various disputes at will and in various ways against the people of the said counties; and even though the said complaints are feigned and untrue, if the said people do not wish to compensate them of their own free will, they at once rise with a great number of men-at-arms, and enter the said counties in great force, and beat, kill, maim, burn and destroy the said parties, and wrongfully ransom them. |
| Par quoy plese ent ordener remede, ou autrement les dites communes ne le purront pluis endurere. | In consequence of which may it please you to ordain a remedy, for otherwise the said commons will not be able much longer to endure it. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi, par advis de son conseil, ent purvoera remede au mieultz qe purra, sauvant la franchise del countee de Cestre. | The king, by the advice of his council, will provide a remedy as best he can, saving the franchise of Cheshire. |
| XXII. [Ravishers and consentient victims to lose title to settled estates.] | XXII. [Ravishers and consentient victims to lose title to settled estates.] |
| 45. Item, prient les communes: qe come diverses mesfesours de jour en autre ravisent femmes, dames, damoiseles et files des gentils du roialme, a grant deshonur et desease des plusours du roialme, dont punissement de vie et de membre n'est pas donez par la loy pur nule partie, en cas qe les dites femmes se agreent et assentent apres. | 45. Also, the commons pray: whereas various malefactors daily ravish the wives, ladies, damsels and daughters of the nobles of the realm, to the great dishonour and injury of many in the said kingdom, for which punishment of life and limb is never granted by law against any party, lest the said women subsequently give their assent and agreement. |
| Par quoy plese ordeiner qe desormes la ou femmes, dames, damoiseles ou files en temps avenir soient ravisez, et apres ce assentuz, qe les ravisours et les ravises soient desablez de lour dowere, joynture, ou heritage avoir apres la mort lour barons et auncestres: et qe le pluis proschein de sank a qi l'eritage, jointure ou dowere devroit descendre, revertir, ou avenir apres la mort le ravisour ou la ravisee, [p. iii-140][col. a] eit title inmediate d'entrer sur le ravisour ou la ravisee, lours heirs ou lours assignez, et qe les barons de tieles femmes en cas q'ils soient mariez, ou lours pieres ou proscheins de sank en cas q'ils n'eient barons en pleyne vie, eient suite a pursuir les ditz mesfesours, et les atteindre de vie et de membre, tout soient les dites femmes apres le ravisement assentuz. Et qe nul defendant soit receu de < gager > batail en tiel cas, einz soit la veritee trie par enqueste, considerez les grantz meschiefs et perils en celle partie. | May it please you to ordain that henceforth, when wives, ladies, damsels or daughters are ravished in time to come, and later assent, that the ravishers and the ravished shall be prevented from receiving their dowry, jointure or inheritance after the death of their husbands and ancestors: and that the closest blood relation to whom the inheritance, jointure or dowry ought to descend, revert or come after the death of the ravisher or the ravished, [p. iii-140][col. a] shall be immediately entitled to enter upon the lands of the ravisher or the ravished, their heirs or their assignees, and that the husbands of such women, if they be married, or their fathers or closest blood relations if they do not have husbands still living, shall bring legal action against the said malefactors, and convict them with loss of life and limb, even where the women have later assented after the ravishment. And that no defendant be allowed to do battle in such a case, but let the truth be established by inquest, considering the great troubles and perils in this matter. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi le voet, sauvant au roi et as seignours lours eschetes del ravisour, en cas q'il ent soit atteint. (fn. iii-132-203-1) | The king wills it, saving to the king and the lords their escheats from the ravisher, if he be so convicted. (fn. iii-132-203-1) |
| XXIII. [Bishop Despenser's crusade.] | XXIII. [Bishop Despenser's crusade.] |
| 46. Item, prie la commune: qe come conuz soit a touz, coment le reverent pier en Dieux l'evesqe de Norwiz ad une croicerie encontre le antipape, et touz ses adherentz; entre queux vostre adversaire de France et les gentz Franceis sont principalx, come bien appiert de fait, et les queux sont pluis grevouses a vous et a vostre roialme qe nuls autres; la quelle croicerie y semble a voz ditz communes q'il deust estre pluis grant allegeance des coustages de voz dites guerres, et le greindre esploit et hastif fyn de voz guerres et conquest de vostre heritage, par diverses causes, come leur semble. C'estassavoir, en primes q'il poet aler as meindres coustages de vous et de vostre roialme par l'eide du dite croicerie, au quele le poeple ad grant devocion, en salvacion de seinte esglise et de lours almes, et le pluis ardantement pur le recoeverer del droit de vostre heritage. Item, y semble a voz ditz communes q'il est le pluis grant eide et esploit a perfournir l'alliance entre vous et Flandres, qe trope est necessaire a vous et a vostre roialme, dont est a douter impediment par tretys des Franceys, s'il ne soit hastivement succurez de poair. Item, il lour semble qe s'il soit mis hastifment en esploit q'il serra le pluis grant rescous pur Gascoigne et voz autres frounters de part dela, qar y ferra vostre adversaire de France retreer son poair hors de Gascoigne, et de voz autres frounters avauntditz devers Pikardye d'encontrer le dit evesqe. Item, il destourbera les Fraunceys q'ore sont en France, et le duc d'Angoie ove son poair s'il retournast pur aler en Spaigne encountre vostre honorable uncle le roi d'Espaigne, paront mesme vostre uncle vendra pluis hastifment al esploit del conquest de son roialme d'Espaigne. | 46. Also the commons pray: whereas it is well known to all that the reverend father in God, the bishop of Norwich, has a crusade against the anti-pope, and all his adherents; the chief of whom are your enemy of France and the French people, as is indeed apparent, and who inflict more injury on you and your kingdom than any others; which crusade, it seems to your said commons, might greatly alleviate the expense of your said wars, and enable greater exploits and a speedy conclusion of your wars and the conquest of your inheritance, for various reasons, as it seems to them. That is, firstly because it could proceed with least cost to you and your kingdom with the aid of the said crusade, to which the people are greatly devoted, for the salvation of holy church and their souls, and the more ardently for the recovery of your rightful inheritance. Also it seems to your said commons that it would be of great use and help in cementing the alliance between you and Flanders, which is most necessary for you and your kingdom, since an obstacle in the shape of a treaty with France is to be feared, if Flanders is not assisted by reinforcement soon. Also, it seems to them that if this be quickly performed, it will result in the more effective rescue of Gascony and your other territories overseas, for your enemy, France, will have to withdraw its troops from Gascony and your other aforesaid lands towards Picardy to counter the said bishop. Also, it would divert the French now in France, and the duke of Anjou with his force so that he would abandon going to Spain to oppose your most honourable uncle the king of Spain, as a result of which your same uncle would effect the conquest of his kingdom of Spain more swiftly. |
| Par quoy, eiantz consideracione a les causes avantdites, et a meindre coustages de l'eskippesoun, et le pluis grant ease a vous, et a touz voz liges qi veullent passer a lours propres ou d'autry coustages en le dit viage par le court mier, pur passer a Caleys q'ailleurs; et auxi, a ce qe touz maneres des aliens obeissantz al droit pape puissent venir sauvement al marche de Caleys et de Pikardie, pur affeccione et aide del dit croicerie, sanz daunger du mier ou des enemys, et al le pluis pres a vostre adversaire ore en l'absence le duc d'Aungoie et de son grant poair, si vous prient treshumblement voz ditz communes, pur final esploit de cestes necessaires et profitables busoignes a vous et a vostre roialme, d'ottroier au dit evesqe le frounter de Caleys pur un temps, ovesqe une covenable summe pur comencer le viage, et coiller ses gentz en eide del dit frounter, et refresshement de Flandres, ou le dit evesqe serra prest d'aler si busoigne soit. | In view of which, bearing in mind the aforesaid reasons, and the minimal costs of transportation, and the greater ease of you and all your lieges who wish to cross the sea on the said expedition at their own expense or some other expense, to travel to Calais rather than elsewhere; and also, in so far as all kinds of aliens, showing obedience to the true pope might come safely to the march of Calais and Picardy, to support and assist the said crusade, without the danger of the sea of or of enemies, and get all the closer to your said adversary now in the absence of the duke of Anjou and his great force, so your said commons humbly pray, for the final settlement of these urgent and profitable concerns of you and your kingdom, that you grant to the said bishop the territories of Calais for a time, together with an adequate sum to launch the said expedition, and collecting his men for the aid of the said frontier, and the relief of Flanders, where the said bishop shall be ready to go if need be. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi ad chargez son conseil de treter ove le dit evesqe sur la matire. | The king has charged his council to discuss the matter with the said bishop. |
| XXIV. [Escheats.] | XXIV. [Escheats.] |
| 47. Item, prient les communes: qe la ou estoit ordeine par estatut l'an du regne le roi Edward aiel nostre seignour le roi q'orest .xxxiiij. (fn. iii-132-212-1) eit nul homme qi mette chalange ou cleym as terres seisiz par enqueste d'office prise devant l'eschetour, qe l'eschetour mande l'enqueste en la chancellerie deinz le moys apres les terres issint seisiz, et qe brief lui soit livere de certifier la cause de sa seisine en la chancellerie, et illoeqes soit oye sanz delaye a traverser l'office ou autrement monstrer son droit, et d'illoeqes mande devaunt le roi a faire final discussion, [col. b] sanz attendre autre mandement. Et en cas qe aucun viegne devaunt le chanceller et monstre son droit, par quelle demonstrance par bone evidence de son auncien droit et bone title, qe le chanceller par sa bone discretion et avis de conseil, si le semble qe lui busoigne d'avoir conseil, q'il lesse et baille les terres issint en debate au tenant, rendant ent au roi la value, si au roi appartient, en manere [...] come il et les autres chancellers devant lui ont faitz devant ces heures de leur bone discrecion; issint q'il face seuretee q'il ne ferra wast ne destruccione tanqe il soit ajugge, come pleinement appiert en le dit estatut. Et qe mesmes les terres issint seisiz ne soient lessez par patente nostre seignour le roi a nully pendant le plee des dites terres nient discusse, forsqe al tenant de mesmes les terres. Et s'ils soient aucuns patentes grantez devaunt ces heures par nostre dit seignour le roi, ou autre son officer, des tieles terres issint seisiz et cleymez par les tenantz de mesmes les terres, et le plee d'icelles terres pendant nient discusse, qe mesmes les patentes soient repellez tanqe les plees pendantz entre nostre seignour le roi et les tenantz des terres issint seisiz soient terminez et discussez. | 47. Also, the commons pray: whereas it was ordained by statute in the thirty-fourth year of the reign of King Edward, grandfather of our lord the present king, (fn. iii-132-212-1) , that if any man should challenge or claim lands taken by inquest of office held before the escheator, that the escheator would send the inquest to the chancery within a month of the lands having been thus seized, and that a writ would be sent instructing him to certify in the chancery the cause of the seisin, and let him be heard there without delay to disavow his office or else demonstrate his claim, and from there let it be sent before the king for a final discussion, [col. b] without awaiting further order. And if any should come before the chancellor and prove his claim, and by good evidence demonstrate genuine entitlement, that the chancellor at his good discretion and with the advice of counsel, if he feels the need to have counsel, shall release and deliver the lands thus in question to the tenant, paying the value of them to the king, if it pertain to the king, as other chancellors before him have done in the past at their good discretion; so that he shall guarantee not to make waste or destruction until it be adjudged, as appears fully in the said statute. And that the same lands thus seised shall not be leased by patent of our lord the king to anyone pending the plea of the said lands not yet settled, except to the tenant of the same lands. And if other patents have been granted before this time by our said lord the king, or other of his officers, of such lands thus seised and claimed by the tenants of the same lands, and the plea of the same lands is pending and remains unsettled, that the same patents be repealed until the pleas pending between our lord the king and the tenants of the lands thus taken shall have been determined and settled. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Y ad estatut fait en le cas, quel le roi voet q'il soit tenuz. (fn. iii-132-215-1) | A statute has been made thereon, which the king wishes be upheld. (fn. iii-132-215-1) |
| XXV. [Justices to review bonds made under constraint.] | XXV. [Justices to review bonds made under constraint.] |
| 48. Item, prient les communes: qe come certains liges nostre seignour le roi, come felons et treitours encontre lour ligeance leverent encontre nostre dit seignour le roi, et firent diverses tresons et felonies; et mesmes les traitours firent diverses bones gentz aler avec eulx encontre leur volentee es diverses parties ou les ditz traitours firent diverses felonies, et diverses mayntenours, come jurrours, baillifs et autres, ymaginantz sanz cause pur grever diverses bones gentz, aucuns qi countre lour volentee furent prises et amesnez par les ditz treitours, et autres qi ne furent pas ovesqe les ditz traitours; surmettantz a eux, q'ils les furent aidantz et conseillantz. Paront plusours bones gentz y ont este issint manacez par les ditz maintenours pur estre enditez et destruitz, dont pur doute des tielx manaces les ditz maintenours ont pris et levez par extorsion des ditz communes diverses grantz summes, < aucuns pluis, aucuns meyns, et plusours de les ditz communes ont faitz diverses obligacions contenantz diverses summes > as ditz mayntenours, a paiers as certains jours. Dont les ditz communes, par ycelles causes et importables charges et extorsions mises sur eux par les ditz mayntenours, sont en point tout outrement estre annientiz et destruitz, et ne poent < lour > lige seignour eider en sa grant necessitee pur tieles oppressions a eux faites, si remede ne leur soit fait. | 48. Also, the commons pray: whereas certain lieges of our lord the king, like felons and traitors contrary to their allegiance, rebel against our said lord the king, and commit various treasons and felonies; and the same traitors force many good people to accompany them against their will to various parts where the said traitors carry out various felonies, and there are various maintainers, like jurors, bailiffs and others, plotting to grieve many good people for no reason, some of whom against their will have been captured and led off by the said traitors, and others who are not with the said traitors, alleging against them that they have helped and advised them. As a result of which many good people have been thus threatened with indictment and ruin by the said maintainers, and fear of such threats has enabled the said maintainers to seize and extort various great sums from the said commons, some more, some less, and many of the said commons have made numerous bonds containing various great sums to the said maintainers, to be paid on certain days. On account of which the said commons, for those reasons and because of the unbearable charges and extortion placed on them by the said maintainers, are on the point of being utterly ruined and destroyed, and unable to aid their liege lord in his state of great need because of such oppressions inflicted on them, unless remedy be given them. |
| Qe plese, en relevement des ditz povres communes grantir diverses commissions d'oier et terminer les dites matires, sibien a suite de roi come de partie, a les pluis suffisantz de chescun countee qi serront nommez en ce present parlement par les chivalers et burgeis a ore esteantz en parlement: et qe les dites obligacions faites pur ycelle cause pur doubte, come dessuis est dit, soient dampnez et adnullez, et qe mesmes les commissioners aient poair d'ordener tielx officers pur faire execucione de leur mandementz come lour mieultz semble; a cause q'il y ad nul baillif es ditz countees q'il n'ad pris diverses summes par extorsione des plusours bones gentz, come dessuis est dit. | May it please you, for the relief of the said poor commons, to grant commissions of oyer and terminer on the said matters, as well at the suit of the king as the individual, and the most worthy of each county who shall be named in the present parliament by the knights and burgesses now in parliament: and that the said obligations made for this reason through fear, as said above, be cancelled and annulled, and that the same commissioners have the power to ordain such officers to execute their mandates as seem best to them; because there is no bailiff in the said counties who has not extorted various sums from many good people, as said above. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi s'advisera. | The king will consider this further. |
| XXVI. [Pardons for minor offences.] | XXVI. [Pardons for minor offences.] |
| 48. [sic: read '49'] Item, prient les communes: q'il plese au roi nostre seignour granter et mettre en estatut pardoun generale des toutes choses qe cheient en pardoun, forspris treson, homicide, larcyn et rape des femmes; et qe nul justice d'eire ne trailbastoun courge entre les communes des choses faites devant ces heures. | 49. Also, the commons pray that it may please the king our lord to grant and make a statute on the general pardon of all that can be pardoned, except treason, murder, robbery, and the rape of women; and that no justice of eyre or trailbaston shall be sent upon the commons for offences committed before this time. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi voet qe des toutes maneres de trespasses ils eient la dite pardoun; horspris de trespas touchant terres et tenementz; et horspris les trespasses faites par les [p. iii-141][col. a] officers du roi et d'autres grantz seignours; et horspris jurours et maintenours des quereles. | The king wills that they shall have the said pardon for all kinds of trespass; except trespass touching lands and tenements; and trespasses made by the [p. iii-141][col. a] officers of the king and of great lords; and except jurors and maintainers of quarrels. |
| [memb. 2] | |
| XXVII. [Shrievalties of Essex and Hertfordshire.] | XXVII. [Shrievalties of Essex and Hertfordshire.] |
| 49. [sic: read '50'] Item, supplient les povres liges communes del countee d'Essex et Hertford: qe come tresgrant meschief est en les ditz countees entre les ditz communes del office de visconts, paront chescun an est un de dit countee destruit et annienti, siqe les suffisantz gentz du dit countee eschuont a demurrer en les ditz countees. Sur quoi nostre dit seignour le roi, a son parlement a Gloucestr' derrain tenuz, granta de sa grace especiale al viscont des ditz countees allouance et pardoun de .c. marz par an durantz trois ans; (fn. iii-132-230-1) et puis de sa grace de an en an tanqe en cea l'ad continue, en relevement de les tresgrantz meschiefs et damages supportez du dit viscont, come piert par lour peticione de record en le rolle del parlement de Glouc' suisdit. | 50. Also, the poor commons of the counties of Essex and Hertford pray: whereas very great trouble has arisen in the said counties amongst the said commons over the office of sheriff, because every year some one in the said counties is ruined and destroyed, so that the worthy persons of the said counties decline to live there. Concerning which, our said lord the king, at his parliament lately held at Gloucester, granted of his special grace to the sheriff of the said counties allowance and pardon of one hundred marks a year for three years; (fn. iii-132-230-1) and then of his grace he continued it from one year to the next until now, for the relief of the great troubles and expense borne by the said sheriff, as appears in their petition recorded on the roll of the aforesaid parliament of Gloucester. |
| Qe plese a vostre tresgraciouse seignourie grantir a ses ditz povres communes, oultre continuance de allouance et pardoun de .c. marz dessuisditz par trois ans proschein avenir, pur Dieu, et en oevre de charitee, entendant autrement ne demurra gentilhomme de value par un an en le paiis suisditz, pur doute de le meschief avauntdit. | May it please your most gracious lordship to grant to his said poor commons, a continuance of the allowance and pardon of the aforementioned hundred marks for a further three years, for God and by way of charity, bearing in mind that otherwise no gentleman of worth will dwell for a year in the aforesaid counties, through fear of the aforesaid burden. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi voet qe apres le terme fini par le quiel ils avoient derrainement pardoun de .c. marz par an, ils aient semblable pardoun et remissioun de .c. marz par an, de especiale grace du roi, a durer par trois ans deslors proscheinement ensuantz. | The king wills that after the end of the term for which they last received pardon of a hundred marks a year, they shall have a similar pardon and remission of a hundred marks a year, of the king's special grace, to last for three years to follow. |
| XXVIII. [First fruits.] | XXVIII. [First fruits.] |
| 50. [sic: read '51'] Item, supplie le dite commune: qe come d'auncien temps nulles primers fruitz soloient estre paiez a nostre seint pere le pape, sinoun pur benefices qe voideront en la courte, et pur confirmacions eues en mesme la courte; la les collectours del dit seint pier ore de novelle demandent fruitz des benefices grantez par commune grace, et par especiale expectacioun, qe amont a grant summe, et grant empoverissement del roialme. Et oultre ce, des benefices qe voideront < en > la courte dusze ans, ou quatorse, et outre passez, les queux fruitz furent paiez par les incumbentz adonqes esteantz, qi sont a Dieu comandez, issint qe les incumbentz a ore ne purront monstrer les aquitances: et issint levont les ditz fruitz deux foitz, ou trois, a lour voluntee, a cause qe les parties n'osent contreester pur lours horribles censures. | 51. Also, the said commons request that whereas since ancient times no first fruits have been customarily paid to our holy father the pope, unless for benefices which became vacant in the curia, and for confirmations made in the same curia; now the collectors of the holy father newly demand the fruits of benefices granted by the common grace, and by special expectation, which amount to a great sum, and greatly impoverish the kingdom. Furthermore, from benefices which became vacant in the curia twelve or fourteen years ago, or more, the fruits of which had been paid by the then incumbents, who are called to God, so that the present incumbents cannot show the acquittances: and so they levy the said fruits twice, or three times, at their will, because the parties dare not resist them because of their terrible censures. |
| Qe plese ordeiner qe nulles primers fruitz soient levez, sinoun come il soleit estre fait en aucun temps. Et ce qe doit estre leve soit leve deinz les trois ans proschein ensuantz apres qe collacion soit fait, ou qe la leve des ditz primers fruitz pur celle voidance cesse pur touz jours. | May it please you to ordain that no first fruits shall be levied, unless they have customarily been levied in the past. And that that which ought to be levied shall be levied within three years of the collation being made, or that the levy of the said first fruits for this vacancy cease forever. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Si riens de novel issint soit [attemptez,] soient prohibitions faitz tielx come suffisent en le cas. | If anything novel is thus attempted, let such prohibitions be made as shall suffice in the matter. |
| XXIX. [Discharges in the exchequer without writ.] | XXIX. [Discharges in the exchequer without writ.] |
| 51. [sic: read '52'] . Item, prie le commune: qe come en vostre derrain parlement tenuz a Westm' estoit ordene par estatut qe les barons de l'escheqer eient plein poair d'oier chescun respounse de queconqe demande a le dit escheqer, issint qe chescune persone qe soit empesche ou empeschable de quecunqe cause al dit escheqier, pur lui mesmes, ou par autres persones, soit receu en le dit escheqer a pleder, suir et avoir sa descharge resonable en celle partie, sanz attendre ou suir brief de grant seal, lettres de prive seal nostre seignour le roi, ou autre comandement, come dessuis. (fn. iii-132-242-1) Et nientcontresteant cest estatut et ordeinance, les ditz barons ne voillent resceivre ceux qi sont empeschez, et se offeront a lours descharges monstrer en le dit escheqer. | 52. Also, the commons pray: whereas in your last parliament held at Westminster it was ordained by statute that the barons of the exchequer should have full power to hear the answers of all those called to the said exchequer, so that anyone impeached or impeachable for whatsoever cause at the said exchequer, either himself or by other persons, be received in the said exchequer to plead, sue and have his reasonable discharge in the matter, without waiting or suing for a writ of great seal, letters of privy seal from our lord the king, or any other order, as said above. (fn. iii-132-242-1) Yet, notwithstanding that statute and ordinance, the said barons will not receive those who are accused, and offer to defend themselves in the said exchequer. |
| Par quoi plese a vostre hautesse, de confermer le dit estatut et ordenance en cest present parlement, et qe le dit estatut soit tenuz sur grant peyne. | Because of this may it please your highness to confirm the said statute and ordinance in the present parliament, and ordain that the said statute be enforced on pain of a severe penalty. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi le voet. (fn. iii-132-245-1) | The king wills it. (fn. iii-132-245-1) |
| XXX. [Preachers of heresy.] | XXX. [Preachers of heresy.] |
| 52. [sic: read '53'] Item, supplient les communes: qe come un estatut fuist fait en derrain parlement en ces paroles, [col. b] Ordenez est en cest parlement qe commissions du roi soient directes as viscounts et autres ministres du roi, ou as autres suffisantz persones, apres et solonc les certificacions des prelatz ent affaires en la chancellerie du temps en temps, d'arester touz tieux precheours et lours fautours, mayntenours, et abettours, et de les tenir en arest et forte prisone tanqe ils se veullent justifier selonc reson et la loy de seinte esglise: et le roi voet et comande qe le chanceller face tieles commissions a touz les foitz qe serra par les prelatz ou aucun de eux certifie et ent requis, come dessuis est dit. (fn. iii-132-248-1) La quiel ne fuist unqes assentu ne grante par les communes, mes ce qe fuist parle de ce, fuist sanz assent de lour; qe celui estatut soit annienti, qar il n'estoit mie lour entent d'estre justifiez, ne obliger lour ne lour successours as prelats pluis qe lours auncestres n'ont este en temps passez. | 53. Also, the commons request: whereas a statute was made in the last parliament in the following words, [col. b] It is ordained in this parliament that the king's commissions shall be directed to sheriffs and other ministers of the king, or to other worthy persons, after and according to the certifications of the prelates to be made in the chancery from time to time, to arrest all such preachers, and their supporters, maintainers and abettors, and to keep them under arrest and securely imprisoned until they be willing to justify themselves in accordance with reason and the law of holy church: and the king wills and commands that the chancellor grant such commissions as often as he be notified and required to do this by the prelates or any one of them, as is said above. (fn. iii-132-248-1) Which was never agreed or granted by the commons, and although it was spoken of, it lacked their assent; that this statute be annulled, since it was certainly not their intention that they or their successors be controlled by nor obliged to the prelates more than their ancestors had been in the past. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Y plest au roi. | It pleases the king. |
| XXXI. [Exports of grain.] | XXXI. [Exports of grain.] |
| 53. [sic: read '54'] Item, compleignent les communes des countees d'Everwik et Nicole, ove toutes les citees et burghes qe lours blees sont, par diverses patentes grantez, a si grant fuison cariez hors du roialme, et par celle cause tiele escharestee et chiertee est avenuz en la paiis, q'il y est au present grant damage, et pluis grant apparant si remedie n'y soit mys. Pur quoy supplient ses lieges suisditz qe lui plese abstiner de granter tielx patentes, repellant ceux qe sont grantez, et ordeinant en cest parlement qe nully desore amesne nief charge ove blees pur vendre, ou descharger hors du roialme, sinoun a Caleys, ou a Berwyk sur Twede, ou a Burdeux. Et qe les meistres, come lours niefs serront chargez, viegnent a proschein bone ville ou port est, et paient lour custume, et preignent un certein signe devers les villes avauntdites, et remaigne un autre signe la ou ils paeront lour custume: issint qe poet estre conuz ou ils serront deliverez et chargez, et ce par grevouse peine a mettre par avis du parlement. | 54. Also, the commons of the counties of York and Lincoln, together with all the cities and boroughs complain: that their grain, by various patents granted, is carried in great quantities out of the kingdom, and for that reason such a scarcity and dearth has arisen in the country that it is greatly damaging, and much harm will result if remedy is not provided. In view of which the aforesaid lieges request that it may please him to abstain from granting such patents, repealing those which have been granted, and ordaining in this parliament that none shall henceforth take a ship laden with corn to sell or discharge outside the kingdom, unless at Calais, Berwick upon Tweed, or Bordeaux. And that the masters, when their ships are laden, shall go to the next good town where there is a port, and pay their custom, and take a certain certificate to the aforesaid towns, and leave another certificate where they pay their custom: so that it may be known where they shall be delivered and laden, and that on pain of a grievous penalty to be prescribed by the advice of parliament. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| Le roi voet qe pur la cause suisdite defens general se face parmy le roialme, issint qe nul blee ne passe aucune part hors du roialme, horspris a Caleys, Gascoigne, Brest, Chirburghe et la ville de Berewyk, sur paine de forfaiture d'ycelle et des vesselx qi l'amesneront. Et qe nule licence soit grantez au contraire sanz l'advis de son conseil, et resonable cause, et qe ceux encore q'averont < tielle licence et congie, > troefent seuretee suffisante de reporter lettres testimoniales de lour descharge < faite > es lieux vers quelles ils en averont celles congies. | The king wills that for the aforesaid cause a general prohibition be promulgated throughout the kingdom that no corn shall pass outside the realm to anywhere except Calais, Gascony, Brest, Cherbourg, and the town of Berwick, on pain of forfeiture of the same and of the vessels which carry it. And that no permission be given to the contrary without the advice of his council, and reasonable cause, and that those who continue to have such licence and permission give sufficient surety to bring back letters testimonial of their discharge made in the places for which they have such licence. |
| [The retail fish trade in London.] | [The retail fish trade in London.] |
| 54. [sic: read '55'] Item, supplient humblement ses liges, mair, aldermans et la commune de vostre citee de Londres, pur commune profit sibien de vous lour seignour, come de touz autres seignours, et toute la commune de vostre roialme; qe come par long temps einz ces heures ad este soeffert en vostre dite citee un grevous errour, encontre tout manere de droit et resoun; et ce par maintenance et torcenouse outremesner des fisshemangers noz concitizeins, c'estassavoir, qe quant aucun estranger ou forein de la terre ou d'aillours amenast ou fesoit amesner aucun pesson freshe ou salee par terre ou par eawe a la citee, pur vendre illoeqes, meintenant les fisshemongeres ont seisi mesme le pessoun encontre le gree de celui qe le devoit, et sanz bargaigner ovesqe lui, ou aucun pris demander, le ount mys a vente come lour propre, a trope greindre chieretee q'ele ne duist avoir este vendu, si les propres possessours d'icelle poissent avoir vendu mesme le pessoun en lour due manere, come use est, et touzjours ad estee parmy toute la terre et tout le mounde fors soulement en Londres. Et apres qe ycelle pessoun ad issint este vendu par les fisshmangeres, les possessours d'ycelle ont este leez de resceivre pur ycelle si poy come les fisshmongeres [p. iii-142][col. a] les veullient paier, et plusours foitz meins q'il cousta a les ditz possessours. Et nientmeins ils n'osoient pluis demander, ne soi pleindre, pur doute de prendre greindre damage en lours corps, ou autre manere, la ou nostre seignour le roi ne soeffre ses purveours, n'achatours propres, oppresser son poeple en si dure manere. Et auxint mesmes les fisshemongeres ont affermez qe toutes maneres briges et controversies touchantz lour mistier serront attamez et terminez en lours courtes propres, quiels ils ont tenuz entre eux mesmes de lour auctoritee propre, et nemy aillours. Et auxint ils ont usez par plusours ans lour panyers quieles ils appellent dorsers, de meindre mesure q'ils ne dussent estre par veile ordinance, les unes a la moitee, et aucuns meindres, en deceit des seignours et de touz autres qe sont acustumez d'achatre mesmes les dorsers entiers: des quiels oppressions et contemptz y semble q'ils deussent respoundre au roi en especial. | 55. Also, his lieges the mayor, aldermen and the commons of your city of London humbly request, for the common profit as well of you their lord, as of all other lords, and all the commons of your kingdom: whereas a grievous error has long been endured in your said city, against all manner of right and reason; and that by the maintenance and wrongful excess of the fishmongers, our fellow citizens, namely, that when any stranger or foreigner of the land or from elsewhere brings or causes to be brought any fresh or salted fish by land or by water to the city, to sell there, the fishmongers immediately seize the same fish against the will of those who own it, and without bargaining with them, or paying anything for it, they place it on sale as their own, at a far higher price than it would have fetched if the true owners of the same had sold the same fish in their usual way, as is customary, and as has always been the case throughout the land and all the world, except in London alone. And after the same fish has been sold by the fishmongers, the owners of the same are left to receive for it as little as the fishmongers [p. iii-142][col. a] wish to pay them, and often less than it cost the said owners. Nevertheless, they dare not ask for more, nor complain, through fear of suffering great bodily harm, or harm of some other kind, even though our lord the king does not allow his purveyors, nor his own buyers, to oppress his people in so harsh a manner. Moreover, the same fishmongers have affirmed that all kinds of brawls and disputes touching their mistery shall be discussed and determined in their own courts, which they hold amongst themselves on their own authority, and nowhere else. Furthermore, for many years they have used baskets which they calls 'dorsers', which provide a smaller measure than they ought, according to the old ordinance, some just a half, and other less, to the deceit of the lords and all others who are accustomed to buying full dorsers: for which oppressions and contempts it seems that they ought to answer to the king in particular. |
| Sur quoi, trespuissant seignour, nous voz subgitz, mair et aldermans, come voz ministres de la dite citee, ov l'avys de les communes, apperceivantz le grief, meschief et grant commune damage a vous, nostre seignour, et tout vostre roialme ad trop longement encurru par les errours suisditz, veulliantz de nostre part, en quanqe en nous atteint, restreindre les tortz et errours avauntditz, toutdys par amendement de vous noz seignour, et vostre tressage conseil, avons surveux et rehercez plusours veiles et profitables ordenances faitz en temps de noz sages et renomez predecessours sur mesme la matire. Queux ordeinances par commune avis en partie correctz avons pur commune profit renovellez, et faitz publier et proclamer parmy vostre dite citee: par vertu de quiele proclamacioun plusours estrangeres et foreins ont puis amesnez pesson a la citee, et le ont vendu illoeqes a moelt meindre pris qe ne soleit estre vendu devant par les mains de fisshemongeres. Et avons auxint arssez les faux dorsers, et forfait le pessoun amesne en ycelle, come nous trovons avant fait en temps de noz ditz predecessours. Quiele chose par les ditz fisshmongeres apperceu, et supposantz qe lours veiles prives affaires serroient overtement conuz et descoveritz, et auxint qe lours extorsions et errours avauntditz serroient par ycelle destruitz, confederent et comettent par toutes voies q'ils savont ou poont de contreester mesmes les ordinances et proclamacions, si par vous nostre tresredoute seignour, et vostre tressage conseil ne soit le pluis hastive remedie sur ycelle ordenez et establiz. | In consequence whereof, most potent lord, we your subjects, the mayor and aldermen, as your ministers of the same city, with the advice of the commons, perceiving that injury, mischief and great harm to you, our lord, and all your realm has continued too long because of the aforesaid errors, wishing for our part, as far as it lies in us, to resist the aforesaid wrongs and errors, by the correction of you our lord, and your most wise council, have surveyed and rehearsed many old and beneficial ordinances made in the time of our wise and renowned predecessors on the same matter. Which ordinances, corrected in part by common advice, we have renewed for the common good, and caused them to be published and proclaimed throughout your said city: by virtue of which proclamations many strangers and aliens have since brought fish to the said city, and have sold it there at a much lower price than previously it was sold for by the fishmongers. And we have also burned the false dorsers, and confiscated the fish contained therein, as we find was done in the time of our said predecessors. The fishmongers, perceiving that, and supposing that their old, secret methods of business will be openly known and disclosed, and also that their aforesaid extortion and errors will be destroyed by the same, will band together and strive in all the ways they can devise to oppose the same ordinances and proclamations, unless remedy is most swiftly ordained and decreed most swiftly by you our most redoubtable lord, and your most wise council. |
| Qe plese a vostre treshaute puissance, pur Dieux, et pur maintenir commune profit parmy tout vostre roialme, et auxint pur pluis sure pees et bon governail avoir en vostre citee, avoir regard as errours et meschiefs avauntditz, et < a > les grevouses oppressions qe vostre people ont soeffertz long temps par ycelle; et ordener sur ycelle tiel remede come mieultz semblera a vous, tresredoute seignour, et a vostre conseil. Entendantz, tresredoute seignour, qe moelt est grant ennoy et pesantie as coers de touz voz autres communes, de eux soeffrer en lours si torcinouses affaire, et outremesners q'ils ont si longement usez, et come lour semble de jour en autre unqore comettent de perseverer par lours subtiles compassementz et covyne de lours maintenours, encontre touz maners de droit et resons, et commune profit, dount ils suppliont, pur Dieux, et en oevre de charitee, et pur commune profit, hastive remedie: nomement, entre autres remedies qe nul fisshmongere de Londres, n'autre vitailler qeconqe, porte desore enavaunt aucun estat judicial en la citee. Et auxint qe touz les foreins enmesnantz pessoun fresshe de la miere a la citee pur vendre, le puissent tailler et vendre en mesnuz peces sibien come en grosse, et q'ils soient en especial proteccioun du roi en venantz et retornantz, sibien lour pessoun et lour voiture, come lours corps. Et oultre ce qe touz les hostes en touz paiis de la terre soient defenduz sur grief peine, de vendre, ou bargaigner, aucun manere de pessoun fresshe du miere, ou aucun fisshmongere, ou autre frank de la citee de Londres. Auxint qe nul fisshmongere, n'autre frank de la citee, [col. b] achate desore enavaunt, loins ne pres, aucun manere de pessoun fresshe du miere, ne de eawe douce, pur revendre en mesme la citee; forspris pikes, anguilles fresshes, queux sont en commune d'achatre et vendre sibien as denszeins come foreins. Issint toutfoitz qe les denszeins ne destourbent les foreins de franchement vendre tiel manere de pessoun, as touz temps, q'ils amesnent ycelle a la citee pur vendre illoeqes, et qe toutes les ordinances faites en la citee en remedie des tortz et errours avauntditz, et auxint en remedie de usure, usurers et brocours d'icelle, soient ratifiez et confermez en cest present parlement. Et pur pluis seure continuance d'ycestes, soit ajouste desore enavaunt a la charge qe chescun mair devera prendre en l'escheqer, q'il tiegne les ordinances suisditz faitz sur les fisshemongeres et usureres, en manere [suisdite,] sanz flescher d'un part ou d'autre par acception de persone. Salvant toutfoitz as prelatz les libertees de seinte esglise. | May it please your most exalted might, for God, and to maintain the common good throughout your entire realm, and also for the greater certainty of peace and good governance in your city, to consider the aforesaid errors and troubles, and the grievous oppressions which your people have long suffered through the same; and to ordain such remedy as seems best to you, most redoubtable lord, and to your council. Considering, most redoubtable lord, how great is the vexation and displeasure in the hearts of all your other commons, that they should be allowed to commit the wrongs and excesses which they have long practised, and continue from one day to the next by their subtle plots and the craft of their maintainers, contrary to right and reason, and the common good, for which they seek a swift remedy, for God and by way of charity, and for the common good: namely, amongst other remedies, that no fishmonger of London, or any other victualler, shall henceforth hold any judicial post in the city. And also that all strangers bringing fresh fish from the sea to the city to sell, may weigh and sell it as well in small portions as in gross, and that they shall enjoy the special protection of the king in coming and returning, for their fish and their transport, as well as their persons. And further, that all hosts in all regions of the land shall be forbidden on pain of grievous penalty, to sell or bargain in any way for fresh fish from the sea, with any fishmonger, of other freeman of the city of London. Also, that no fishmonger, or other freeman of the city, [col. b] shall henceforth buy, far or near, any kind of fresh fish from the sea, or from fresh water, to resell in the same city; except pike and fresh eels, which are to be bought and sold as well by denizens as aliens. Provided always that denizens shall not prevent aliens from selling freely at all times whatsoever fish they bring to the city to sell there, and that all the ordinances made in the city to remedy the aforesaid wrongs and errors, and also to counter usury, usurers and brokers of the same, shall be ratified and confirmed in the present parliament. And for the more certain continuance of those things, it should be added to the charge which each mayor must accept in the exchequer, that he shall enforce the aforesaid ordinances made uoon the fishmongers and usurers, in the aforesaid manner, without yielding in any detail, or making exception for anyone. Saving always to the prelates the liberties of holy church. |
| [editorial note: Responsio.] | [editorial note: Answer.] |
| 54. [sic: read '56'] Quant au primer demande, touchant l'estat judiciel en dite citee, est assentuz qe nul manere de vitailler ait ou port desoreenavant aucun estat judiciel en mesme la citee, n'en aucun autre citee, ville, port du mier, parmy le roialme, horspris en les villes ou n'y a autre persone suffisant de porter tiel estat: adonqes en ce cas qe tiel juge cesse oultrement pur le temps q'il serra officer de soi medler de vendre vitailles, par lui ou par autre, sur payne de forfaiture d'icelle vitailles. (fn. iii-132-262-1) | 56. As for the first request, touching the judicial post in the said city, it is agreed that no kind of victualler shall henceforth enjoy or occupy any judicial post in the same city, nor in any other city, town or seaport throughout the kingdom, except in towns where there is no other person fit to occupy such a post: and in that case, that such a judge, for the time he is officer, shall cease entirely to concern himself with the sale of victuals, in person or through another, on pain of forfeiting the same victuals. (fn. iii-132-262-1) |
| 55. [sic: read '57'] Item, quant al secounde demande, touchant retaille des vitailles, est assentuz qe touz foreins de quelconqes paiis q'ils soient, esteante del amistee nostre seignour le roi, venantz deinz la dite citee, et as autres citees et villes deinz le roialme avauntdit avec lour pessoun et autres vitailles quelconqes, illoeqes demurrantz, et en lour paiis retornantz, soient souz la proteccioun especiale et salve garde nostre seignour le roi, et illoeqes les dites pessoun et autres vitailles puissent desore franchement et sanz contredit de nully trencher, tailler et vendre en groos, ou par parcelles, a lour voluntee, nientcontreesteant privilege, [memb. 1] ordinance, usage, n'autre rienz fait au contraire. (fn. iii-132-264-1) | 57. Also, as for the second request, touching the retail of victuals, it is agreed that all aliens from whatever country they may be, bearing friendship towards our lord the king, entering the said city, and other cities and towns within the aforesaid kingdom with their fish, and other kinds of victuals, residing there, and returning to their countries, shall enjoy the special protection and safeguard of our lord the king, and that there the said fish and other victuals may henceforth be cut up, weighed and sold freely and without impediment, in gross, or in portions, at their will, notwithstanding privilege, [memb. 1] ordinance, usage or anything else to the contrary. (fn. iii-132-264-1) |
| 56. [sic: read '58'] Item, quant a ce q'est demandez des ditz peschours ou pessoners, q'ils soient defenduz, est assentuz qe toutes tieux hostes en chescun port, ville et autre lieu sur les coustiers du miere, et aillours parmye le roialme, sibien a < Londres, > Jernemuth', Scardeburgh', Wynchelsee et Rye, come aillours parmy le roialme, deinz franchise et dehors, soient de tout oustez de lour nuisant et maluree affaire et forstallerie, et lour est oultrement defenduz, sur peine q'appent, q'ils ne lour medlent desore d'embracer harang, n'autre pessoun, ou vitaille quelconqe, n'autre destourbance facent en prive [...] n'en appert, paront aucun persone, denszein ou estrange, esteant del amistee del roialme d'Engleterre, soit aucunement empeschez; einz qe toutes maneres des peschours et vitaillers soient frankes et a large de vendre lour pessoun et autres vitailles, ou et quant, et a quelconqe persone lour plerra deinz le roiaume avauntdit, nientcontreesteant custume, usage, privilege n'autre rienz faitz ou usez devaunt ces heures a contraire par les ditz hostes, ou autre persone del monde quelconqe. Et par especial est defenduz qe nul tiel hoste se medle desore de vendre ou bargaigner aucun manere de pessoun fresshe du miere, al oeps d'aucun fisshemongere ou autre frank de la dite citee. Et semblablement est defenduz qe nul fisshemongere, n'autre frank de mesme la citee, achate desore enavaunt, loins ne pres de mesme la citee, aucune manere de pessoun fresshe, du miere, ne de eawe doulce, pur revendre en mesme la citee, horspris anguilles fresshes, beketes ou pikes, queux soient en commune d'achatre et vendre, sibien as denszeins come as foreins. [p. iii-143][col. a] Issint toutes foitz qe les denszeins ne destourbent les foreins de franchement vendre tiel manere de pessoun en mesme la citee, en quelconqe temps ils les amesnent pur vendre illoeqes. (fn. iii-132-266-1) | 58. Also, as to what is demanded concerning the said fishermen or fishmongers, 'that they be forbidden', it is agreed that all such hosts in every port, town and other place on the coasts of the sea, and elsewhere throughout the realm, as well at London, Yarmouth, Scarborough, Winchelsea and Rye, as elsewhere throughout the realm, within franchise and without, be entirely ousted from their wicked and evil trading and forestalling, and they are utterly forbidden, on pain of the appointed penalty, to deal henceforth in herring, or any other fish, or victuals of any kind, or cause any other disturbance whether in private or openly, by means of which any person, denizen or alien, friendly to the kingdom of England, is in any way hindered; but that all kinds of fishermen and victuallers be free and at liberty to sell their fish and other victuals, where and whenever and to whomsoever they choose within the aforesaid kingdom, notwithstanding custom, usage, privilege, or anything else done or practised to the contrary before this time by the said hosts, or anyone else in the world. And in particular, it is forbidden that any such host involve himself henceforth in selling or bargaining for any kind of fresh fish of the sea, for the benefit of any fishmonger or other freeman of the said city. Similarly, it is forbidden to any fishmonger, or other freeman of the same city, to buy henceforth, whether far from or near the same city, any kind of fresh fish, from the sea, or from fresh water, to resell in the same city, except fresh eels, bream and pike, which are to be bought and sold generally, as well by denizens as aliens. [p. iii-143][col. a] Provided always that denizens shall not prevent strangers from selling freely any kind of fish in the same city, whensoever they bring it there to sell. (fn. iii-132-266-1) |
| 57. [sic: read '59'] Item, < quant a > ce q'est demande de < usure, > usurers et progours d'ycelle comprises en dite bille, le roi voet qe seinte esglise eit sa jurisdiccione come ele soloit avoir d'ancientee; a la quele le roi n'entende mye de faire prejudice en aucun manere. Et si damage ou grief soit fait a aucuny en la dite citee; c'estassavoir, par voie d'accompte nient renduz, trespas, extorsione, oppressione, fauxetee, deceite, ou en aultre < manere > quelconqe, encontre la loy de la terre, < semble qe la > commune loy, avec les bones usages et custumes de la dite citee doivent assez suffire de faire redresse, punissement et amendement de les grevances et damages avauntditz en due manere. | 59. Also, as to that which is sought on usury, usurers and hoarders contained in the said bill, the king wills that holy church shall have its jurisdiction as it used to have of old; which the king does not intend to prejudice in any way. And if injury or harm is done on anyone in the said city; namely, by means of account unpaid, trespass, extortion, oppression, falsehood, deceit, or in any other way whatsoever, contrary to the law of the land, it seems that the common law, together with the good usages and customs of the said city ought to suffice to redress, punish and correct the aforesaid injuries and damages in due course. |
| 58. [sic: read '60'] Item, qant a ce q'est demandez qe chescun mair eit desore especialment en son charge a l'escheqier, et qe soit annexe en soun serement illoeqes a faire, q'il tiegne et face garder la dite ordinance de vitaillers sanz fleschier a nulle partie; le roi le voet. Et semblablement eient en lour charge touz autres mairs, baillifs et autres governours des citees, burghs et villes, et vitaillers parmye < le > roiaume, sur lours serementz affaires al entree en lours offices et novelle creacione. (fn. iii-132-270-1) | 60. Also, with regard to the request that every mayor, henceforth, shall have especially included in his charge at the exchequer, and added to his oath to be made there, that he shall enforce and protect the said ordinance of victuallers without yielding to any party; the king wills it. And it similarly shall be included in the charge of all other mayors, bailiffs and other governors of the cities, boroughs and towns, and victuallers throughout the realm, on their oaths made on entry into office and new investiture. (fn. iii-132-270-1) |
| [The fishmongers' company.] | [The fishmongers' company.] |
| 59. [sic: read '61'] Item, sur la bille mys avant en parlement par les mair, aldermans et le commune de Londres encontre les fisshemongers de Londres; sibien les ditz mair, aldermans et grant nombre de la dite commune, come auxint grant partie des ditz fisshemongers illoeqes comparantz, et la dite bille lue en parlement, Nicholas de Exton', q'avoit les paroles pur les fisshemongers, priast illoeqes a nostre seignour le roi et as seignours du parlement pur lui et toutz les autres fisshemongers de Londres, qe pleust au roi de lour prendre en sa proteccione et salve garde, a fin qe corporel dampnage ne lour avenist pur cause de cest affaire, dont il dit grant rumour estoit en la citee, paront ils lour douteront grantment, et moelt le pluis pur cause qe cest suite estoit fait nemye pur commune profit du roialme, come est supposez, einz pur haine, rancour, et envye tantsoulement. A quoy le mair illoeqes respondist qe quanqe ent estoit fait par lui ou nul des soens si estoit fait pur commune profit des seignours et de tut le roialme; et par experience de fait ce serroit en brief terme clerement provez al aide Nostre Seignour. Et quant a ce qe les fisshmongers se doutent de rumour et damage corporel lour estre fait en dite citee, le mair respondist qe il se vorroit faire fort qe unqes jour de sa vie ne feust la commune de la citee en greindre unnitee, amour et concorde, horspris tantsoulement avec les fisshmongers, qi s'afforcent de maintenir lours extorsions et oppressions del poeple. Et emprist illoeqes le dit mair a toutes perils, qe bon paix serroit gardez toutes partz deinz la baillie, sinoun qe mesmes les fisshmongers comenceassent ryot et folie; a quoy l'en dit q'ils s'appareilleent chescun jour. | 61. Also, on the bill submitted in parliament by the mayor, aldermen and commons of London against the fishmongers of London; both the said mayor, aldermen and a large number of the said commons, as well as a great number of the said fishmongers having appeared there, and the said bill having been read in parliament, Nicholas Exton, who was to speak on behalf of the fishmongers, prayed of our lord the king and the lords of parliament on behalf of himself and all the other fishmongers of London, that it might please the king to take them into his protection and safeguard, so that bodily harm might not come to them because of this affair, since he said that there was considerable tumult in the city, which they greatly feared, and the more greatly because this suit had been brought not for the common profit of the realm, as was supposed, but out of hatred, rancour and envy alone. To which the mayor replied that what had been done there by him or any of his men had been done for the common profit of the lords and the entire realm; and events would show that plainly proven, with the aid of Our Lord. And as for the fishmongers fearing tumult and bodily injury to be inflicted upon them in the said city, the mayor replied that in all his life the commons had never shown greater unity, love and concord, except only towards the fishmongers, who strove to oppress the people and extort from them. And the said mayor undertook at all costs that good peace would be preserved within his bailiwick, unless the same fishmongers were to commence riot and madness; for which, it was said, they were preparing themselves each day. |
| 60. [sic: read '62'] Et sur ce estoit commandez illoeqes depar le roi a l'une et a l'autre partie qe sur payne q'ils et chescun [col. b] de eux purroient forfaire a nostre seignour le roi en corps et en biens, ils et chescun de eux gardassent fermement et portassent la paix chescun envers l'autre. Et pur eschuier damage corporel qe purroit legierement avenir, y estoit dit qe le roi nostre seignour prent en sa proteccion especial tres touz les fisshmongers, et chescun de eux. Et enoultre estoit dit as ditz fisshmongers qe combien qe semblast as seignours de parlement qe la dite bille baillee envers eux, et les requestes y comprises semblent moelt resonables et profitables a tout le roialme, toutes voies le roi voet qe s'ils se vorront pleindre en especial de damage ou grief a eux fait en especial q'ils ent facent lour bille ou pleinte en especial, et droit lour serra fait. | 62. Whereupon, orders were given on the king's behalf to both parties that on pain of them and each and every one of them [col. b] forfeiting all he could forfeit to our lord the king in body and goods, they and every of them should strictly preserve and show peace towards one another. And to avoid bodily harm which might easily arise, it was said that the king our lord would take all the fishmongers and every one of them into his special protection. It was further said to those fishmongers that although it seemed to the lords of parliament that the said bill against them, and the requests contained in the same were most reasonable and beneficial to the entire kingdom, nevertheless the king willed that if they wished to complain of any harm or injury done them in particular, they should make their bill or plea thereon in particular, and right would be done them. |
| 61. [sic: read '63'] Et puis apres Wauter Sybille illoeqes present entre les ditz fisshmongers priast as seignours, pur Dieu, qe lour pleust un poy lui doner escoult, et dit, Messeignours, il n'est mye desconuz chose a vous touz, coment devant ces heures aucunes des persones cy presentz, qi font principalment la suite envers nous, si estoient par commandement du roi qi mort est, qi Dieux assoille, pur certains forfaitz a eux surmis pris et emprisonez, a quiel temps les principalx ministres de la citee qi firent execucione del commandement le roi si furent de nostre mestier et liveree des fisshmongers. Et par celle cause tantsoulement, et de anxiene hayne et rancour conceuz envers nous, font ils ore lour suite pur nous destruire, et tollir noz franchise et libertee a nous grantez d'ancientee, et confermez par les nobles rois d'Engleterre pur le temps esteantz; paront nous avons le greindre busoigne d'avoir bone seuretee de la paix de eux et de lours fautours. | 63. And then, later, Walter Sibil, present amongst the said fishmongers, prayed of the lords, for love of God, that it might please them to hear him for a short while, and said, My lords, it is not indeed unknown to you all how before this time, some of the persons here present, who were instrumental in the suit against us, were by order of the king who is dead, whom God absolve, taken and imprisoned for certain offences alleged against them, at which time the chief ministers of the city who carried out the orders of the king belonged to our mistery and livery of fishmongers. And for this reason alone, and the ancient hatred and rancour conceived against us, they now bring their suit to destroy us, and take away our franchise and liberty granted to us of old, and confirmed by the noble kings of England of the time; because of which we have greater need for good security of the peace from them and their supporters. |
| 62. [sic: read '64'] A quoy Johan More, mercer, respondist illoeqes et dist, Wauter Sybille, les bones gentz de ceste citee sont assez fortz de maintenir la paix encontre vous touz, sinon qe einsi soit qe vous facez amesner autre foitz deinz ceste citee les communes de Kent et de Essex, come nadgairs feistes en le treitereuse rumour. | 64. To which John More, mercer, there replied, saying, Walter Sibil, the good people of this city are strong enough to keep the peace against you all, unless you lead the commons of Kent and Essex once more into the said city, as you recently did during the treacherous uprising. |
| 63. [sic: read '65'] Et le dit Wauter priast as seignours de parlement qe le dit Johan More feust comandez de rehercer illoeqes celles paroles q'il avoit dit, a fin qe ce qe touchast si hautement son estat feust clerement entenduz. Et adonqes le dit Johan More dist, Messeignours, fist il je ne die mye expressement qe einsi est, mais je die qe commune fame et parlance est en nostre citee, qe Johan Horn, fisshemonger, et Adam Karlill' de Londres, estoient en dit rumour les primers et principalx conseillours, confortours, abettours et excitours, qe les communes de Kent et de Essex nadgairs treiterousement levez et assemblez encontre le roi et son roialme approcheassent leur citee, et entrassent en ycelle: et qe le dit Wauter fuist le primer et principal destourbour a William de Walleworth' lors mair, et a diverses autres persones foialx nostre seignour le roi q'ils ne poaient a celle foitz clore les portz de la citee, ne lever le pount, ou defendre mesme la citee, encontre les ditz treitours, combien qe le dit William de Walleworth' et les autres a ce lour afforcerent moelt grantement. Et priast le dit Johan qe de ce fuist enquerre fait par bones gentz de la citee, et il pensast qe ce q'il ad dit serra trovez pur voir. | 65. And the said Walter prayed of the lords in parliament that the said John More be ordered to repeat the words he had spoken, so that what bore so seriously upon his honour might be plainly understood. And then the said John More said, My lords I do not say that it is definitely so, but I say that common rumour and parlance in our city has it that John Horn, fishmonger, and Adam Karlile of London, were, in the said uprising, the prime and principal advisers, supporters, abettors and instigators of the idea that the commons of Kent and Essex, who had recently rebelled and gathered to oppose the king and his kingdom, should approach the city, and enter the same: and that the said Walter was the prime and principal harasser of William Walworth, then mayor, and various other persons faithful to our lord the king, so that they were unable on that occasion to close the gates of the city, or raise the bridge, or defend the same city against the said traitors, even though the said William Walworth and the others strove hard to do so. And the said John prayed that inquiry into this might be made by the good people of the city, and he believed that what he had said would be found to be true. |
| Et ce estoit grantez illoeqes. | And that was granted there. |
Appendix October 1382
6 October 1382
Westminster
1
John de Falvesle and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of William Lord Say, have petitioned the parliament for livery of the lands held before his death by John de Say, Elizabeth's brother, which by advice of the council have been granted to them despite the fact that they did not obtain the king's licence to marry. Dated 5 December 1382.
Source : CCR 1381-5 , 234-5.
2
Order to various sheriffs not to allow corn or malt to be exported to anywhere except Gascony, Bayonne, Calais, Brest, Cherbourg or Berwick-upon-Tweed without the king's licence. By king and council, Dated 22 October 1382.
Source : CCR 1381-5 , 236.
3
Order to the chancellor and proctors of the University of Oxford to allow the prior of St Frideswide's to hold a fair at Oxford, until such time as the dispute between the prior and the university can be decided by the king and council. By the council in parliament. Dated 19 October 1382.
Source : CCR 1381-5 , 162.
4
Pardons to the following, 'by the king of his grace in parliament', and for certain sums paid in the hanaper:
Adam Perkyn of Howsham (Yorkshire) for the death of William Clerk of Westow at Mennethorpe (Yorkshire). Dated 18 October 1382.
Ralph son of John Aston for the death of his wife Agnes in Aughton Wood (Yorkshire). Dated 30 October 1382.
William son of John Pert, knight, for all felonies, treasons, murders, etc. committed before 14 September 1382. Dated 17 October 1382.
Source : CPR 1381-5 , 181-2.
5
Pardon to John of Norfolk, late keeper of the gaol of Warwick, for all escapes of felons before 4 November 1380. By king and council in parliament. Dated 12 November 1382.
Source : CPR 1381-5 , 183.