CANTERBURY: Archbishops

ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY

Stigand

Cons. to bpric. of Elmham 3 Apr. 1043, but depr. 1043 (A.S.C. 'C' p. 107). Bp. ofWinchester, nom. after 29 Aug. 1047 (ibid. 'C', 'E' p. 110). Nom. to abpric. of Canterbury after 14 Sept. 1052 (ibid. 'E' p. 127). Excomm. by popes Leo IX (1048-54),Victor II (1054-57), Stephen IX (1057-58), Nicholas II (1058-61) and Alexander II(1061-73) (Flor. Wig. 1 221; cf. E. A. Freeman, Hist. of the Norman Conquest 11 (3rd ed.,Oxford, 1877) 652-5), but received pallium from Benedict X, between 5 Apr. 1058 and24 Jan. 1059 (A.S.C. 'D', 'E' p. 134; Flor. Wig. 11 5). Depr. c. 11 Apr. 1070 by Ermenfrid, bp. of Sion, papal legate (Flor. Wig. 11 5; cf. Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis,11 ed. M. M. Chibnall (Oxford, 1969) pp. xxxii-xxxiv). D. 1072 (ann. Chichester inU.G.Q. p. 92; Ann. Wint. p. 29). Commem. 21 Feb. (Ely obit. I fo. k2v; Winchesterobit.: B.M., Add. MS. 29436 fo. 73r), 22 Feb. (obit. of St. Augustine's, Canterbury:B.M., Cotton MS. Vitell. C. xii fo. 120r).

Lanfranc

Prior of Le Bec-Hellouin (Ben., Eure, France) and then abbot of St. Étienne, Caen(Ben., Calvados). Nom. 15 Aug. 1070 (Flor. Wig. 11 7). Cons. 29 Aug. 1070 (ibid.; A.S.C.'A' p. 153). (fn. 1) Received pallium 1071 (Eadmer, H.N. pp. 10-11; Will. Malmesbury,G.P. p. 40). (fn. 2) D. 28 May 1089 (see A. J. Macdonald, Lanfranc (Oxford, 1926) p. 250n. 4, where Gerv. Cant. 11 370 is shown to give the correct date, confirmed by otherevidence).

Anselm

Abbot of Le Bec-Hellouin (Ben., Eure, France). Nom. 6 March 1093 (Eadmer, H.N.pp. 32-7). Temps. prob. shortly before 25 Sept. (ibid. p. 41; Regesta 1 no. 336). Enthr.25 Sept. (Eadmer, H.N. p. 41). Cons. 4 Dec. 1093 (ibid. p. 42). (fn. 3) Received pallium27 May 1095 (ibid. p. 72). (fn. 4) D. 21 Apr. 1109 (ibid. p. 206). Not formally canonised,despite moves between 1163 and 1171 and again between 1492 and 1507, but the officeof St. Anselm approved in 1703 (R. W. Southern, St. Anselm and his Biographer(Cambridge, 1963) pp. 338-40).

Ralph d'Escures (fn. 5)

Bp. of Rochester (see below p. 75). Postulated 26 Apr. 1114 (Eadmer, H.N. p. 223).Enthr. 16 May 1114 (ibid.). Received pallium 27 June 1115 (ibid. pp. 226-30). D. 19Oct. 1122 (ann. Canterbury in U.G.Q. p. 78; John Worc. p. 17), or 20 Oct. (Eadmer,H.N. p. 302; Will. Malmesbury, G.P. p. 132; Orderici Vitalis Historiae Ecclesiasticae,ed. A. Le Prévost (Paris, 1838-55) iv 431). Commem. 20 Oct. (Canterbury obits. Ifo. 14r, II fo. 45v).

William de Corbeil (fn. 6)

Prior of St. Osyth (Aug., Essex) (Will. Malmesbury, G.P. p. 146). Nom. 2 Feb. 1123(John Worc. p. 17; ann. Canterbury in U.G.Q. p. 78), or 4 Feb. (Gerv. Cant. 11 380).Cons. 18 Feb. (ann. Canterbury in U.G.Q. pp. 5, 78). (fn. 7) Received pallium 1123 (ibid.;John Worc. p. 17). Papal legate for England from 1126 to d. of pope Honorius II inFeb. 1130, renewed by Innocent II in 1132 (Tillmann, Legaten pp. 31-2). D. 21 Nov.1136 (ann. Canterbury in U.G.Q. pp. 5, 80; Gerv. Cant. 1 99). (fn. 8) Commem. 21 Nov.(Canterbury obits. I fo. 16r, II fo. 49r, III fo. 24or).

Theobald

Abbot of Le Bec-Hellouin (Ben., Eure, France). El. 24 Dec. 1138 (Gerv. Cant. 1109). (fn. 9) Cons. 8 Jan. 1139 (ann. Canterbury in U.G.Q. pp. 5, 80; Gerv. Cant. 1 109,11 384). (fn. 10) Received pallium Apr. 1139 (Richard of Hexham in Chrons. of Stephen, Hen.II and Ric. I, ed. R. Howlett (Rolls ser. lxxxii) 111 176-7). (fn. 11) Appd. papal legate forEngland (fn. 12) prob. early in 1150 until d. (see Saltman, Theobald pp. 30-1, on evidence fordate of appt.; and cf. A. Morey and C. N. L. Brooke, Gilbert Foliot and his Letters(Cambridge, 1965) p. 92 n. 1). D. 18 Apr. 1161 (Gerv. Cant. 1 168, 11 389). Commem.18 Apr. (Canterbury obits. I fo. 10r, II fo. 24v; Bec obit.: Paris, Bibl. Nationale, Lat.MS. 13905 fo. 74v, cited by Saltman, Theobald p. 54).

Thomas Becket

Archdcn. of Canterbury (see below p. 13). Nom. 23 May 1162 (Diceto 1 306-7), el.by monks in king's presence May (Gerv. Cant. 1 169-70). Ordained pr. 2 June, cons.3 June (Diceto 1 307; Gerv. Cant. 1 170-1). Received pallium 10 Aug. 1162 (Gerv. Cant.1 172; cf. Diceto 1 307). Appd. papal legate 24 Apr. 1166 for England, excluding dioc.York (Materials for Becket v no. 172). Murdered 29 Dec. 1170 (Diceto 1 244; Gerv.Cant. 1 227). Canonised 13 March 1173 (Diceto 1 369-70).

[Roger de Bailleul

Abbot of Le Bec-Hellouin (Ben., Eure, France). El. by monks, but declined, andabsolved from el. 5 Apr. 1173 (Gerv. Cant. 1 241-2).] (fn. 13)

Richard of Dover

Prior of Dover (Ben., Kent), and previously monk of Christ Church, Canterbury(Gerv. Cant. 11 397). King orders an el. to take place (Diceto 1 368). El. by monks andbps. in presence of royal justiciar 3 June 1173 (Gerv. Cant. 1 244; cf. Diceto 1 369). (fn. 13) Papal conf. 2 Apr. 1174 (Diceto 1 389). Cons. 7 Apr. (Gerv. Cant. 1 247; Diceto 1 389n. 1). Received pallium 9 Apr. 1174 (Gesta Hen. II 1 70; cf. Gerv. Cant. 11 397), andmade papal legate at same time (Gerv. Cant. 1 247; cf. Reg. Antiquissimum of Lincoln, 111ed. C. W. Foster (Lincoln Record Soc. xxix) p. 24), but for province of Canterburyonly, and lapsed on d. of pope Alexander III, 30 Aug. 1181 (Tillmann, Legaten p. 34n. 122). D. 16 Feb. 1184 (Gerv. Cant. 1 308; Gesta Hen. II 1 311 (fn. 14) ). Commem. 16 Feb.(Canterbury obits. I fo. 5v, II fo. 16v, III fo. 164r).

Baldwin

Bp. of Worcester (1180-85) (see below p. 100). Dispute over method of el. betweenc. June and Dec. 1184 (Gerv. Cant. 1 309-25). Postulated by bps. 2 Dec. (ibid. pp.320-1; Diceto 11 22-3); (fn. 15) and by monks 16 Dec. 1184 (Gerv. Cant. 1 324-5; cf. Diceto 1123-4). Enthr. and received pallium 19 May 1185 and temps. prob. about same time(Gerv. Cant. 1 326; Diceto 11 36). Appd. papal legate for province of Canterbury 13 Dec.1185 (papal letter ed. by P. M. Baumgarten in E.H.R. ix (1894) 538), lapsed on d. ofpope Urban III, 20 Oct. 1187, or perhaps on d. of pope Gregory VIII, 17 Dec. 1187(Tillmann, Legaten p. 34 n. 122). D. 19 Nov. 1190 (Gerv. Cant. 1 488). (fn. 16) Commem.20 Nov. (Canterbury obits. I fo. 16r, II fo. 48v).

[Reginald Fitz Jocelin

Bp. of Bath and Wells (1174-91). King orders an el. by convent to take place on22 Oct. 1191, in letter dated 10 Oct. (Epp. Cant. p. 348), and again orders el. for 2 Dec.1191, in letter dated 9 Nov. (Gerv. Cant. 1 509-10). But Reginald el. by monks 27 Nov.and enthr. same day (ibid. pp. 510-11; Diceto 11 103; cf. Epp. Cant. pp. 351-5).Bps. appeal to pope, 27 Nov. (Diceto 11 103) and prior and convent also appeal(Gerv. Cant. 1 512; Epp. Cant. pp. 352-3). Reginald d. 26 Dec. 1191 (Epp. Cant.p. 355; Gerv. Cant. 1 512; Diceto 11 104). Commem. 26 Dec. (Canterbury obit. IIfo. 52r).]

Hubert Walter (fn. 17)

Bp. of Salisbury (1189-93). King orders an el. to take place, in letter dated 30 March1193 (Epp. Cant. p. 364). Postulated by monks 29 May 1193 (Gerv. Cant. 1 518; Diceto11 108); and by bps. 30 May (Gerv. Cant. 1 519; Diceto 11 109). Royal assent given byjusticiar 30 May (Diceto 11 109). Enthr. and received pallium 7 Nov. (Gerv. Cant. 1522). (fn. 18) Temps. prob. by 12 Dec. 1193 (see C. R. Cheney, Hubert Walter (1967) p. 51and n. 4). Appd. papal legate for England 18 March 1195 (Epp. Cant. pp. 368-9), butlegation lapsed on d. of Celestine III, 8 Jan. 1198 (Gerv. Cant. 1 551). D. 13 July 1205(ibid. 11 413; Rad. Coggeshall Chron. Anglicanum, ed. J. Stevenson (Rolls ser. lxvi)p. 156). Commem. 13 July (Canterbury obits. II fo. 34r, III fo. 201r).

[Reginald

Subprior of Christ Church, Canterbury, el. by monks not later than Oct. 1205(Innocent III, Cal. Letters no. 655, of 1 Dec.). (fn. 19) Qua. by pope before 20 Dec. 1206(ibid. nos. 725-6).]

[John de Grey

Bp. of Norwich (1200-14) (see below p. 56). Postulated by monks in king's presence11 Dec. 1205 (Rot. Litt. Pat. p. 56b). (fn. 19) Qua. by pope before 30 March 1206 (InnocentIII, Cal. Letters no. 699). But occ. as abp.-el. several times, last 29 May 1206 (Rot. Litt.Claus. 1 72b).]

M. Stephen Langton (fn. 20)

Cardinal-pr. of S. Crisogono. El. by monks at Rome between 1 Oct. and 20 Dec.1206 (Innocent III, Cal. Letters nos. 699, 725-8). (fn. 21) Cons. and received pallium 17 June1207 (Gerv. Cant. 11 pp. lxi, lxxiv-lxxv; Ann. Dunstable p. 29; Ann. Waverley p. 259).Temps. 1 June 1213 (Rot. Litt. Pat. p. 99b). D. 9 July 1228 (see F. A. Cazel in E.H.R.lxxix (1964) 685-94, where the evidence is reviewed). Commem. 9 July (Canterburyobits. II fo. 33v, III fo. 200r).

[M. Walter de Eynesham

Monk of Christ Church, Canterbury (Gerv. Cant. (cont.) 11 123). Lic. el. sought andgr. (ibid. pp. 115-16). El. by monks 3 Aug. 1228 (ibid. pp. 117-24). King's objectionsand appeals to pope by 21 Sept. 1228 (Pat. R. 1225-32 p. 204). El. qua. by pope 4 Jan.1229 (ann. Dover fo. 28v), 5 Jan. 1229 (Gerv. Cant. (cont.) 11 127; cf. Reg. Greg. IXno. 261).]

M. Richard Le Grant alias Weathershed

Chanc. of Lincoln. Prov. by pope 16 Jan. 1229 (Gerv. Cant. (cont.) 11 127), 19 Jan.(Reg. Greg. IX no. 261). Royal assent and temps. 24 March (Close R. 1227-31 pp.162-3). Cons. 10 June (ann. Dover fo. 28v; Wendover IV 204; Chron. Bury p. 7; Ann.Waverley p. 307; Chron. Wykes p. 70). (fn. 22) Received pallium 15 Sept. 1229 (ann. Doverfo. 29r). D. 3 Aug. 1231 (ibid. fo. 29v; Gerv. Cant. (cont.) 11 128). Commem. 3 Aug.(Canterbury obits. II fo. 37r, III fo. 206v).

[Ralph de Neville

Bp. of Chichester (1224-44). Postulated by monks 22 Sept. 1231 (Gerv. Cant. (cont.)11 129). Royal assent 24 Sept. (Chron. Maj. 111 207). Qua. by pope 20 Dec. 1231 (ann.Dover fo. 29v).]

[M. John de Sittingbourne

Lic. el. gr. 7 March 1232 (Pat. R. 1225-32 p. 465). Sittingbourne, prior of ChristChurch, Canterbury (see below p. 11), el. by monks 16 March (Gerv. Cant. (cont.) 11129). (fn. 23) Left for papal court 4 Apr. and res. to pope 12 June 1232 (ibid.; cf. Reg. Greg. IXno. 822 and Pat. R. 1225-32 p. 497).]

[M. John Le Blund

Papal mandate for fresh el., dated 17 June 1232 (Reg. Greg. IX no. 822). Lic. el. gr.12 Aug. (Pat. R. 1225-32 p. 497). Blund, can. of Chichester, el. by monks 26 Aug.(Gerv. Cant. (cont.) 11 129). (fn. 24) Royal assent 30 Aug. 1232 (Pat. R. 1225-32 p. 498). Qua.by pope for pluralism, by 1 June 1233 (ann. Dover fo. 29v; cf. Reg. Greg. IX no. 1382and D. A. Callus in Proc. British Academy xxix (1943) 246-7).]

M. Edmund of Abingdon (fn. 25)

Treas. of Salisbury. Papal mandate for fresh el., dated 25 June 1233 (Reg. Greg. IXno. 1432). Lic. el. gr. c. 28 Aug. (C.P.R. 1232-47 p. 24). El. by monks 20 Sept. (Gerv.Cant. (cont.) 11 130). Royal assent 10 Oct. (C.P.R. 1232-47 p. 27). Papal conf. 22 Dec.1233 (Reg. Greg. IX no. 1651). Temps. 4 Feb. 1234 (Close R. 1231-34 p. 375). Cons.and received pallium 2 Apr. 1234 (Gerv. Cant. (cont.) 11 130; cf. Reg. Greg. IX no.1742). D. 16 Nov. 1240 (Chron. Maj. IV 73). Canonised 16 Dec. 1246 (ibid. p. 586).

Boniface of Savoy

Provost of Belley cathedral, France. Lic. el. gr. 25 Dec. 1240 (C.P.R. 1232-47p. 241). El. by monks 1 Feb. 1241 (Gerv. Cant. (cont.) 11 186-90), and their request forpapal conf. by 25 March (C.P.R. 1232-47 p. 248). Royal request for papal conf. 17 Feb.1243 (ibid. p. 400). Papal conf. 16 Sept. 1243 (Gerv. Cant. (cont.) 11 198-200), 17 Sept.(Reg. Innoc. IV no. 116). Temps. after 27 Feb. 1244 (Close R. 1242-47 p. 165), perhapsbefore 1 May (Cal. Liberate Rolls 11 (1930) 230-1). Pallium sent 2 Apr. 1244 (Reg.Innoc. IV no. 586). Cons. 15 Jan. 1245 (Gerv. Cant. (cont.) 11 202). (fn. 26) Enthr. 1 Nov. 1249(ibid. p. 203; Chron. Maj. v 80). D. 18 July 1270 (Gerv. Cant. (cont.) 11 250). (fn. 27) Commem.18 July (Canterbury obits. II fo. 35r, and Bodl., MS. Add. C. 260 fo. 4r).

[Adam de Chillendenne

Prior of Christ Church, Canterbury (see below p. 12). El. by monks 9 Sept. 1270,contrary to king's wishes (Gerv. Cant. (cont.) 11 252-3). Res. in hands of pope summer1272 (ibid. p. 272; cf. Les Registres de Grégoire X, ed. J. Guiraud (Bibl. des ÉcolesFrançaises d' Athènes et de Rome, 2nd ser. xii) no. 68), perhaps 16 Sept. 1272 (Ann.Oseney p. 252, where he is called 'William').]

M. Robert de Kilwardby (fn. 28)

English Provincial of Dominican order, from 1261 (see E. M. F. Sommer-Seckendorff, Studies in the Life of Robert Kilwardby (Rome, 1937) pp. 30 ff.). Prov. by pope11 Oct. 1272 (Les Registres de Grégoire X, ed. J. Guiraud (Bibl. des Écoles Françaisesd' Athènes et de Rome, 2nd ser. xii) no. 68). (fn. 29) Temps. 12 Dec. 1272 (C.P.R. 1272-81p. 2; cf. Ann. Wint. pp. 112-13). Cons. 26 Feb. 1273 (Gerv. Cant. (cont.) 11 273).Received pallium 8 May (Ann. Wint. p. 115). Enthr. 17 Sept. 1273 (ann. Dover fo. 53r;Chron. Wykes p. 256; cf. Ann. Wint. p. 115). Created cardinal-bp. of Porto 12 March1278 (Gerv. Cant. (cont.) 11 291; cf. Reg. Nic. III no. 242). Res. see of Canterbury c. 5June 1278 (ann. Dover fo. 55r; cf. Sommer-Seckendorff, Robert Kilwardby pp. 177-8).

[Robert Burnell

Bp. of Bath and Wells (1275-92). Lic. el. gr. 14 June 1278 (C.P.R. 1272-81 p. 269).Royal assent to Burnell's postulation 10 July (ibid. p. 274), and request for Burnell'sown consent 8 Aug. (ibid. p. 276). Qua. by pope between 31 Dec. 1278 and 28 Jan.1279 (Reg. J. Pecham 11 243; Reg. Nic. 111 no. 415).] (fn. 30)

John Pecham (fn. 31)

English Provincial of Franciscan order, from 1275 (see D. L. Douie, ArchbishopPecham (Oxford, 1952) p. 35). Prov. by pope 28 Jan. 1279 (Reg. Nic. III no. 415). (fn. 32) Cons. 19 Feb. (Ann. Oseney and Chron. Wykes p. 280). (fn. 33) Temps. 30 May (C.P.R.1272-81 p. 316). Enthr. 8 Oct. 1279 (ann. Dover fo. 56r). D. 8 Dec. 1292 (Gerv. Cant.(cont.) 11 300; Canterbury, Reg. Q fo. 11r). Commem. 8 Dec. (Canterbury obit. IIfo. 50v).

M. Robert de Winchelsey (fn. 34)

Archdcn. of Essex (London dioc.). Lic. el. sought 22 Dec. 1292 (Reg. Winchelsey 111258), (fn. 35) gr. 8 Jan. 1293 (ibid. p. 1259; cf. C.P.R. 1292-1301 p. 3). El. 13 Feb. (Reg.Winchelsey 11 1259-75). Royal assent sought 15 Feb., and gr. shortly after (ibid.pp. 1274-5). King's protection to go to papal court 3 March 1293 (C.P.R. 1292-1301p. 7). Papal conf. 6 Sept. 1294 (Ang. Sac. 1 50). Cons. 12 Sept. (Canterbury, Reg. Qfo. 34v), and received pallium shortly after, certainly before 5 Oct. 1294 (ibid. fo. 36v).Temps. 4 Feb. 1295 (C.P.R. 1292-1301 p. 129). Enthr. 2 Oct. 1295 (Reg. Winchelsey 140-1; Ang. Sac. 1 50). Temps. again restored 11 July 1297 (C.C.R. 1296-1302 p. 42).Excomm. 15 Oct. 1301 (Chrons. Edw. I and II 1 102-3), absolved 6 Apr. 1302 (Reg.Winchelsey 11 763). Suspended by pope 12 Feb. 1306 (Canterbury, Reg. Q fo. 43r),restored 22 Jan. 1308 (Literae Cantuarienses, ed. J. B. Sheppard (Rolls ser. lxxxv) 111385-6). D. 11 May 1313 (Gerv. Cant. (cont.) 11 323). Commem. 11 May (Canterburyobits. II fo. 27r, Ang. Sac. 1 59).